Dyspepsia is a common digestive disorder among global health problems. This study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of scientific herbs in the treatment of dyspepsia. This study has used a societal perspective, but the indirect costs are considered equal because the patient is undergoing outpatient care. The analysis was used to determine the cost-effectiveness using the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) method. The results were reported in rupiah currency, which includes categories of direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs. Sensitivity analysis reported changes in results, taking into account various possible influencing variables. A total of 62 patients who were respondents in this study were included in scientific herbal therapy (48.38%) and conventional dyspepsia therapy (51.62%). The cost of scientific herbal therapy was higher than conventional dyspepsia therapy (45.558±4.351 vs. 39.202±4.500). However, this difference was not statistically significant on the effectiveness of therapy (96.67% vs. 90.62%; p-value 0.600), the utility index of scientific herbal medicine was greater than conventional dyspepsia therapy (0.85±0.11 vs. 0.74±0.14). The ICER value for 1 additional unit of effectiveness was IDR 105,933; while for the addition of 1 unit of quality of life was IDR 57,781. The effectiveness of scientific herbal medicine therapy for dyspepsia was greater than the effectiveness of conventional dyspepsia therapy, where the cost was higher but the effectiveness was better.
消化不良是全球健康问题中常见的消化系统疾病。本研究旨在检验科学草药治疗消化不良的成本效益。本研究采用了社会视角，但由于患者正在接受门诊治疗，因此间接成本被认为是相等的。分析采用增量成本-效果比(ICER)法确定成本-效果。结果以印尼盾货币报告，其中包括直接医疗费用和直接非医疗费用类别。考虑到各种可能的影响变量，敏感性分析报告了结果的变化。本研究共有62例患者接受科学草药治疗(48.38%)和常规消化不良治疗(51.62%)。科学草药治疗的费用高于传统消化不良治疗(45.558±4.351比39.202±4.500)。然而，这种差异在治疗有效性上无统计学意义(96.67% vs. 90.62%;p值0.600)，科学草药治疗的效用指数高于传统消化不良治疗(0.85±0.11∶0.74±0.14)。每增加1个有效单位的ICER值为105,933印尼盾;而增加1个单位的生活质量为57,781印尼盾。科学草药治疗消化不良的效果大于传统消化不良治疗的效果，传统消化不良治疗成本较高，但效果较好。
{"title":"Cost Effectiveness Analysis in Scientific Herbal Therapy Compared to Conventional Therapy for Dyspepsia","authors":"Inta Nurhaliza, Galar Sigit Prasuma, Ergia Andang Sugiantoro, Lianawati Lianawati, Praewthip Sutheeraprasert, Didik Setiawan","doi":"10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1470","url":null,"abstract":"Dyspepsia is a common digestive disorder among global health problems. This study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of scientific herbs in the treatment of dyspepsia. This study has used a societal perspective, but the indirect costs are considered equal because the patient is undergoing outpatient care. The analysis was used to determine the cost-effectiveness using the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) method. The results were reported in rupiah currency, which includes categories of direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs. Sensitivity analysis reported changes in results, taking into account various possible influencing variables. A total of 62 patients who were respondents in this study were included in scientific herbal therapy (48.38%) and conventional dyspepsia therapy (51.62%). The cost of scientific herbal therapy was higher than conventional dyspepsia therapy (45.558±4.351 vs. 39.202±4.500). However, this difference was not statistically significant on the effectiveness of therapy (96.67% vs. 90.62%; p-value 0.600), the utility index of scientific herbal medicine was greater than conventional dyspepsia therapy (0.85±0.11 vs. 0.74±0.14). The ICER value for 1 additional unit of effectiveness was IDR 105,933; while for the addition of 1 unit of quality of life was IDR 57,781. The effectiveness of scientific herbal medicine therapy for dyspepsia was greater than the effectiveness of conventional dyspepsia therapy, where the cost was higher but the effectiveness was better.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1437
Desi Nadya Aulena, Dwi Fitri Yani, Mariyamah Mariyamah, Muhammad Lufika Tondi, Muhammad Dandi, Hafis Kiki Wahyudin, Dany Raihan
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes COVID-19, a feverish condition brought on by inflammation in the infected patient’s body. Sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens Jack) is one of the Indonesian people who rely on herbal remedies to treat COVID-19. This study aims to determine how much flavonoids are present in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, and n-hexane fraction of Sungkai leaves. The procedure was performed in-vitro with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer by observing the absorption response to inhibition of denaturation of inflammatory protein. The inhibition value was then computed via linear regression, and the IC50 and IC70 values were ascertained afterward. The ethanol fraction, ethanol extract, and n-hexane fraction in this investigation had the best inhibition values (%) at a concentration of 15 ppm, corresponding to 74.27%, 54.48%, and 18.52%. The sungkai leaves ethanol fraction > n-hexane fraction > ethanol extract had the best IC50 and IC70 values. Comparatively, the ethanol extract contained the largest amounts of flavonoids, 38.782 μg/mL.
{"title":"Determination of Flavonoid Content and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Extract and Fraction of Sungkai Leaf (Peronema canescens Jack)","authors":"Desi Nadya Aulena, Dwi Fitri Yani, Mariyamah Mariyamah, Muhammad Lufika Tondi, Muhammad Dandi, Hafis Kiki Wahyudin, Dany Raihan","doi":"10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1437","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the infectious agent that causes COVID-19, a feverish condition brought on by inflammation in the infected patient’s body. Sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens Jack) is one of the Indonesian people who rely on herbal remedies to treat COVID-19. This study aims to determine how much flavonoids are present in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, as well as the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, and n-hexane fraction of Sungkai leaves. The procedure was performed in-vitro with a UV-Visible spectrophotometer by observing the absorption response to inhibition of denaturation of inflammatory protein. The inhibition value was then computed via linear regression, and the IC50 and IC70 values were ascertained afterward. The ethanol fraction, ethanol extract, and n-hexane fraction in this investigation had the best inhibition values (%) at a concentration of 15 ppm, corresponding to 74.27%, 54.48%, and 18.52%. The sungkai leaves ethanol fraction > n-hexane fraction > ethanol extract had the best IC50 and IC70 values. Comparatively, the ethanol extract contained the largest amounts of flavonoids, 38.782 μg/mL.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to look into the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Excoecaria cochinchinensis as well as the effect of its combination with antibiotics on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusion method, and the combined effect of the extract and antibiotics was observed using the paper strip diffusion method. At various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/mL), the extract significantly inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, and S. epidermidis. The inhibitory zone's diameter increased proportionally with the extract concentration. The growth of K. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis was then classified as extremely sensitive (+++) to the addition of the extract at 200 and 250 mg/mL concentrations, meanwhile, E. aerogenes’s with 250 mg/mL of the extract. Secondary metabolites such as oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid, scopoletin, kaempferol, quercetin, diterpenoid compounds, tannins, and other phenolics have been reported from E. cochinchinensis leaves and are thought to be responsible for its antimicrobial activity. The effect of the extract’s combination with antibiotics was insignificant compared to their individual activity, thereby classifying them as indifferent.
{"title":"In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour's Methanol Extract and Its Combination with Commercial Drugs","authors":"Devi Nurhasana, Rahmaga Febriansyah, Avidlyandi Avidlyandi, Salprima Yudha S., Charles Banon, Dwita Oktiarni, Morina Adfa","doi":"10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1383","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to look into the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Excoecaria cochinchinensis as well as the effect of its combination with antibiotics on the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusion method, and the combined effect of the extract and antibiotics was observed using the paper strip diffusion method. At various concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/mL), the extract significantly inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, and S. epidermidis. The inhibitory zone's diameter increased proportionally with the extract concentration. The growth of K. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis was then classified as extremely sensitive (+++) to the addition of the extract at 200 and 250 mg/mL concentrations, meanwhile, E. aerogenes’s with 250 mg/mL of the extract. Secondary metabolites such as oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid, scopoletin, kaempferol, quercetin, diterpenoid compounds, tannins, and other phenolics have been reported from E. cochinchinensis leaves and are thought to be responsible for its antimicrobial activity. The effect of the extract’s combination with antibiotics was insignificant compared to their individual activity, thereby classifying them as indifferent.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1477
Putu Rika Veryanti, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Rani Sauriasari, Berna Elya, Rara Merinda Puspitasari
Community activity restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia impact the quantity and quality of health services for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This limitation could increase the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. The study aimed to compare the incidence rate of hypoglycemia between national (NHIP) and non-national health insurance participants (N-NHIP) with T2DM during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at a government hospital in Central Borneo. Data was collected by consecutive sampling from September to November 2021. Sixty-two participants were divided into two groups (NHIP and N-NHIP groups). Each group consisted of 31 participants. They were interviewed regarding their experience with hypoglycemia in the last three months. The incidence rate of hypoglycemia in N-NHIP was higher than in NHIP (93.55% vs. 87.10%; p>0.05). Hypoglycemia is mostly presented in patients using a combination of short-acting and long-acting insulin. The incidence rate of hypoglycemia in T2DM during the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Borneo was relatively high. In future studies, it is necessary to analyse the factors that significantly affect the incidence of hypoglycemia in the population of T2DM patients in Indonesia.
印度尼西亚2019冠状病毒病大流行期间限制社区活动影响了2型糖尿病(T2DM)卫生服务的数量和质量。这种限制可能会增加2型糖尿病患者低血糖的风险。该研究旨在比较印度尼西亚COVID-19大流行期间患有T2DM的国家(NHIP)和非国家健康保险参与者(N-NHIP)之间的低血糖发病率。该研究采用了横断面设计，在婆罗洲中部的一家政府医院进行。数据于2021年9月至11月连续抽样收集。62名参与者分为两组(NHIP组和N-NHIP组)。每组由31名参与者组成。他们接受了关于最近三个月低血糖经历的访谈。N-NHIP组低血糖发生率高于NHIP组(93.55% vs 87.10%;p> 0.05)。低血糖主要出现在联合使用短效和长效胰岛素的患者中。2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，中婆罗洲T2DM患者低血糖发生率较高。在今后的研究中，有必要对印尼T2DM人群中影响低血糖发生率的重要因素进行分析。
{"title":"Hypoglycemia Incidence Rate in National and Non-National Health Insurance of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in COVID-19 Pandemic at Central Borneo","authors":"Putu Rika Veryanti, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Rani Sauriasari, Berna Elya, Rara Merinda Puspitasari","doi":"10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1477","url":null,"abstract":"Community activity restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia impact the quantity and quality of health services for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This limitation could increase the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. The study aimed to compare the incidence rate of hypoglycemia between national (NHIP) and non-national health insurance participants (N-NHIP) with T2DM during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at a government hospital in Central Borneo. Data was collected by consecutive sampling from September to November 2021. Sixty-two participants were divided into two groups (NHIP and N-NHIP groups). Each group consisted of 31 participants. They were interviewed regarding their experience with hypoglycemia in the last three months. The incidence rate of hypoglycemia in N-NHIP was higher than in NHIP (93.55% vs. 87.10%; p>0.05). Hypoglycemia is mostly presented in patients using a combination of short-acting and long-acting insulin. The incidence rate of hypoglycemia in T2DM during the COVID-19 pandemic in Central Borneo was relatively high. In future studies, it is necessary to analyse the factors that significantly affect the incidence of hypoglycemia in the population of T2DM patients in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon essential oil, lauric acid, myristic acid, and oleic acid in virgin coconut oil (VCO) were used in hair tonic preparations as hair growth agents. This study aimed to evaluate particle size and obtain optimum formulation of the hair tonic preparation and to observe growth activity with various levels of cinnamon essential oil and VCO. This research an experimental with rabbit used 4 test were divided into 6 treatment groups: 1) positive control (Regrou®); 2) normal control (without treatment); 3) negative control (hair tonic basis); 4) F1(1% cinnamon essential oil: 2.5% VCO); 5), F2 (3% cinnamon essential oil : 2.5% VCO); and 6), F3 (5% cinnamon essential oil: 2.5% VCO). The particle size analysis selected in formula 2 that cycle stable during storage, and fall into the microemulsion size range of 20-200 nm and there was no difference cycle because the significance was >0.05. The hair growth activity was determined using Average Growth Daily Gain.(AGD) formula and then.was analyzed.statistically using.One Way Anova. The results showed that had hair growth activity that was not significantly different. However, when compared with the positive control, formula 3 has hair growth activity above the positive control.
{"title":"Hair Growth Activity of Hair Tonic Preparations Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil (Cinnamomum burmanii) and Virgin Coconut Oil","authors":"Junvidya Heroweti, Danang Novianto Wibowo, Himatul Khoeriyah, Ramadhania Adelia","doi":"10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1369","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon essential oil, lauric acid, myristic acid, and oleic acid in virgin coconut oil (VCO) were used in hair tonic preparations as hair growth agents. This study aimed to evaluate particle size and obtain optimum formulation of the hair tonic preparation and to observe growth activity with various levels of cinnamon essential oil and VCO. This research an experimental with rabbit used 4 test were divided into 6 treatment groups: 1) positive control (Regrou®); 2) normal control (without treatment); 3) negative control (hair tonic basis); 4) F1(1% cinnamon essential oil: 2.5% VCO); 5), F2 (3% cinnamon essential oil : 2.5% VCO); and 6), F3 (5% cinnamon essential oil: 2.5% VCO). The particle size analysis selected in formula 2 that cycle stable during storage, and fall into the microemulsion size range of 20-200 nm and there was no difference cycle because the significance was >0.05. The hair growth activity was determined using Average Growth Daily Gain.(AGD) formula and then.was analyzed.statistically using.One Way Anova. The results showed that had hair growth activity that was not significantly different. However, when compared with the positive control, formula 3 has hair growth activity above the positive control.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.217-223
Oktarina Mahanggi, Abdul Rahem, Yunita Nita
Background: Schizophrenia is the most severe mental disorder because its risk of death is to 2-3 times higher. Objective: To determine the average real costs, the difference between real costs and INA-CBG rates of inpatients with schizophrenia, and the factors that affect real costs. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively from the hospital perspective using the total sampling method from January 2020-December to 2021. The study sample included inpatients patients and the real costs of the hospital. The data obtained were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple linear regression tests. Results: About 112 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average real cost of inpatients with schizophrenia at Tombulilato General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 is Rp. 9,895,102 and the average INA-CBG rate of inpatients with schizophrenia was Rp. 14,820,778. There was a difference between the real costs and INA-CBG rates (p = 0.002), with the highest average hospital real cost component in the inpatient room (Rp. 3,397,723 (34.34%). The factor that affected the real costs of inpatients with schizophrenia patients is the length of stay (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The real costs of the hospital were lower (p = 0.002) than those of the INA-CBG. The highest real cost of the hospital was the inpatient room (34.34%), and the factor that affected the real costs was the length of stay (p = 0.000).
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Real Costs and INA CBG's Rates in BPJS Kesehatan Patients with Schizophrenia","authors":"Oktarina Mahanggi, Abdul Rahem, Yunita Nita","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.217-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.217-223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Schizophrenia is the most severe mental disorder because its risk of death is to 2-3 times higher. Objective: To determine the average real costs, the difference between real costs and INA-CBG rates of inpatients with schizophrenia, and the factors that affect real costs. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively from the hospital perspective using the total sampling method from January 2020-December to 2021. The study sample included inpatients patients and the real costs of the hospital. The data obtained were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and multiple linear regression tests. Results: About 112 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average real cost of inpatients with schizophrenia at Tombulilato General Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 is Rp. 9,895,102 and the average INA-CBG rate of inpatients with schizophrenia was Rp. 14,820,778. There was a difference between the real costs and INA-CBG rates (p = 0.002), with the highest average hospital real cost component in the inpatient room (Rp. 3,397,723 (34.34%). The factor that affected the real costs of inpatients with schizophrenia patients is the length of stay (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The real costs of the hospital were lower (p = 0.002) than those of the INA-CBG. The highest real cost of the hospital was the inpatient room (34.34%), and the factor that affected the real costs was the length of stay (p = 0.000).","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135064824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Artocarpus altilis leaf extract (AAL.E) was separated by VLC, and six fractions were obtained. Fraction 5 (AAL.E.5) showed antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 3.71 µg/mL. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimalarial activity of AAL.E.5 subfractions against P. falciparum, the mechanism of action against Plasmodium Falciparum Malate quinone oxidoreductase (PfMQO), and the active substances. Methods: The AAL.E.5 was separated by open-column chromatography and eluted with chloroform-methanol gradient elution in order of increasing polarity. The antimalarial activity of all subfractions was assessed using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against P. falciparum and the mechanism of action of the PfMQO enzyme. The profiles of the most active subfractions were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: The separation of fraction 5 (AAL.E.5) yielded 11 subfractions (AAL.E.5.1–AAL.E.5.11). Screening antimalarial activity at 10 μg/mL in this subfraction showed that only five subfractions (AAL.E.5.6-AAL. E.5.10) inhibited P. falciparum and two subfractions (AAL.E.5.6 and AAL.E.5.10) inhibited the PfMQO enzyme. Only subfraction 6 (AAL.E.5.6) inhibited both, with IC50 values of 6.609 µg/mL and 20.34 µg/mL. The thin layer chromatography profile of AAL.E.5.6 revealed reddish-orange spots, indicating the presence of flavonoid compounds, and was also presumed from the UV-visible to HPLC chromatogram for band I in the 300 – 400 nm range and band II in the 240–285 nm range. Conclusion: Subfraction 6 has antimalarial activity against P. falciparum and is thought to have a mechanism of action in PfMQO. Based on the TLC, HPLC, and UV-Vis spectra, subfraction 6 was assumed to be a flavonoid.
背景:采用液相色谱法对高原蒿叶提取物(AAL.E)进行分离，得到6个不同馏分。组分5 (AAL.E.5)具有抗疟活性，IC50值为3.71µg/mL。目的:研究AAL.E的抗疟活性。5种抗恶性疟原虫亚组分，抗恶性疟原虫苹果酸醌氧化还原酶(PfMQO)的作用机制及活性物质。方法:aal。e。5采用开柱色谱分离，氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脱，极性依次递增。采用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)测定对恶性疟原虫的抗疟活性和PfMQO酶的作用机制进行了评估。利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析了最有效亚组分的谱图。结果:分离得到11个亚段(aal . e .5.1 ~ aal . e .5.11)。10 μg/mL抗疟活性筛选结果显示，该亚段仅有5个亚段(AAL.E.5.6-AAL.)具有抗疟活性。E.5.10)抑制恶性疟原虫，两个亚组分(AAL.E.5.6和AAL.E.5.10)抑制PfMQO酶。只有亚组分6 (AAL.E.5.6)对两者均有抑制作用，IC50值分别为6.609µg/mL和20.34µg/mL。AAL.E.5.6薄层色谱谱图显示红橙色斑点，提示黄酮类化合物的存在，并且从紫外可见到高效液相色谱在300 ~ 400 nm范围内的I波段和240 ~ 285 nm范围内的II波段推测。结论:亚段6对恶性疟原虫具有抗疟活性，可能与PfMQO的作用机制有关。通过薄层色谱、高效液相色谱和紫外可见光谱分析，认为亚段6为类黄酮。
{"title":"Antimalarial Potential of Fraction 5 from Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Artocarpus Altilis","authors":"None Einstenia Kemalahayati, None Hilkatul Ilmi, None Agriana Rosmalina Hidayati, None Marsih Wijayanti, None Lidya Tumewu, None Suciati, None Achmad Fuad Hafid, Aty Widyawaruyanti","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.184-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.184-192","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Artocarpus altilis leaf extract (AAL.E) was separated by VLC, and six fractions were obtained. Fraction 5 (AAL.E.5) showed antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 3.71 µg/mL. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimalarial activity of AAL.E.5 subfractions against P. falciparum, the mechanism of action against Plasmodium Falciparum Malate quinone oxidoreductase (PfMQO), and the active substances. Methods: The AAL.E.5 was separated by open-column chromatography and eluted with chloroform-methanol gradient elution in order of increasing polarity. The antimalarial activity of all subfractions was assessed using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against P. falciparum and the mechanism of action of the PfMQO enzyme. The profiles of the most active subfractions were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: The separation of fraction 5 (AAL.E.5) yielded 11 subfractions (AAL.E.5.1–AAL.E.5.11). Screening antimalarial activity at 10 μg/mL in this subfraction showed that only five subfractions (AAL.E.5.6-AAL. E.5.10) inhibited P. falciparum and two subfractions (AAL.E.5.6 and AAL.E.5.10) inhibited the PfMQO enzyme. Only subfraction 6 (AAL.E.5.6) inhibited both, with IC50 values of 6.609 µg/mL and 20.34 µg/mL. The thin layer chromatography profile of AAL.E.5.6 revealed reddish-orange spots, indicating the presence of flavonoid compounds, and was also presumed from the UV-visible to HPLC chromatogram for band I in the 300 – 400 nm range and band II in the 240–285 nm range. Conclusion: Subfraction 6 has antimalarial activity against P. falciparum and is thought to have a mechanism of action in PfMQO. Based on the TLC, HPLC, and UV-Vis spectra, subfraction 6 was assumed to be a flavonoid.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135066120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.235-245
Dona Muin, Satibi Satibi, Susi Ari Kristina, Yayi Suryo Prabandari
Background: Pharmacists support the success of hospital in efforts to improve people's quality of life then the performance measurement of pharmacists is carried out. Objectives: This study aimed to measure pharmacist performance based on the perception of pharmacists working in hospitals. Methods: Perception surveys were conducted with pharmacists working in public hospitals. The assessment was performed using a closed questionnaire that was proven to be valid and reliable. This study evaluated pharmacists’ perceptions of their work performance and their ability to perform their roles, duties, and functions in the hospital. A total of 192 pharmacist respondents answered 61 statements in the questionnaire that were divided into 11 dimensions as follows:1) the objectives set; 2) following the procedure; 3) initiatives; 4) performing the main task; 5) the ability to cooperate; 6) out implementing pharmaceutical standards; 7) the potential for solving problems; 8) quick response; 9) self-competence; 10) the ability to take verbal orders and writing; and 11) endurance at work. Results: The various answers of respondents to the questionnaire led to the conclusion that pharmacists' performance in hospitals is included in the high-performance category. Conclusion: This study showed that pharmacists have a high perception of their ability to work, as outlined in their assessment of their work performance in hospitals. Pharmacists' perceptions of their workplace performance in public hospitals are useful for developing pharmaceutical services. The results of this study are expected to provide a basis for improving the performance of pharmacists working in hospitals, especially hospitals in the Yogyakarta area.
{"title":"Perception of Hospital Pharmacist on Working Performance in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia","authors":"Dona Muin, Satibi Satibi, Susi Ari Kristina, Yayi Suryo Prabandari","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.235-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.235-245","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pharmacists support the success of hospital in efforts to improve people's quality of life then the performance measurement of pharmacists is carried out. Objectives: This study aimed to measure pharmacist performance based on the perception of pharmacists working in hospitals. Methods: Perception surveys were conducted with pharmacists working in public hospitals. The assessment was performed using a closed questionnaire that was proven to be valid and reliable. This study evaluated pharmacists’ perceptions of their work performance and their ability to perform their roles, duties, and functions in the hospital. A total of 192 pharmacist respondents answered 61 statements in the questionnaire that were divided into 11 dimensions as follows:1) the objectives set; 2) following the procedure; 3) initiatives; 4) performing the main task; 5) the ability to cooperate; 6) out implementing pharmaceutical standards; 7) the potential for solving problems; 8) quick response; 9) self-competence; 10) the ability to take verbal orders and writing; and 11) endurance at work. Results: The various answers of respondents to the questionnaire led to the conclusion that pharmacists' performance in hospitals is included in the high-performance category. Conclusion: This study showed that pharmacists have a high perception of their ability to work, as outlined in their assessment of their work performance in hospitals. Pharmacists' perceptions of their workplace performance in public hospitals are useful for developing pharmaceutical services. The results of this study are expected to provide a basis for improving the performance of pharmacists working in hospitals, especially hospitals in the Yogyakarta area.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135066121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Multidrug-Resistant TB treatment's high side effects and long duration are barriers to successful TB therapy. Various side effects such as age, gender, body weight, comorbidities, and drug dose can cause severe side effects, including impaired renal function (nephrotoxic). Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of side effects of the failure of kanamycin and capreomycin therapy that can cause impaired renal function in Multidrug-Resistant TB patients. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively by searching and recording the medical records of Multidrug-Resistant TB patients at the Multidrug-Resistant TB Polyclinic. There were 183 patients at Dr Soetomo Hospital who met the inclusion criteria. Results: There was a significant relationship between gender in the kanamycin group and the appearance of side effects of renal impairment (p= 0.035). There was no effect of age, comorbid diseases, body weight, and dose of drug administration on the side effects of kanamycin and capreomycin in treating Multidrug-Resistant TB on impaired renal function (nephrotoxic). However, nephrotoxic side effects in elderly patients were more common in the kanamycin group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Gender affects the side effects of kanamycin and capreomycin in treating Multidrug-Resistant TB in nephrotoxic patients. In addition, stricter supervision of the use of kanamycin in elderly patients (>40 years) to minimize the incidence of side effects of impaired renal function in the treatment of Multidrug-Resistant TB.
{"title":"Risk Factor Analysis of Adverse Effects of Kanamycin and Capreomycin on Kidney Function in Multidrug-Resistant TB Patients","authors":"None Bambang Subakti Zulkarnain, None Syefi Nuraeni Fitriana, None Herri Yulimanida","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.202-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.202-209","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multidrug-Resistant TB treatment's high side effects and long duration are barriers to successful TB therapy. Various side effects such as age, gender, body weight, comorbidities, and drug dose can cause severe side effects, including impaired renal function (nephrotoxic). Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of side effects of the failure of kanamycin and capreomycin therapy that can cause impaired renal function in Multidrug-Resistant TB patients. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively by searching and recording the medical records of Multidrug-Resistant TB patients at the Multidrug-Resistant TB Polyclinic. There were 183 patients at Dr Soetomo Hospital who met the inclusion criteria. Results: There was a significant relationship between gender in the kanamycin group and the appearance of side effects of renal impairment (p= 0.035). There was no effect of age, comorbid diseases, body weight, and dose of drug administration on the side effects of kanamycin and capreomycin in treating Multidrug-Resistant TB on impaired renal function (nephrotoxic). However, nephrotoxic side effects in elderly patients were more common in the kanamycin group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Gender affects the side effects of kanamycin and capreomycin in treating Multidrug-Resistant TB in nephrotoxic patients. In addition, stricter supervision of the use of kanamycin in elderly patients (>40 years) to minimize the incidence of side effects of impaired renal function in the treatment of Multidrug-Resistant TB.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135066117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Chromatography is one of the analytical techniques widely used for the quality control process in the pharmaceutical industry. One of the analytical methods used in drug analysis is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The analysis process of TLC can be performed using densitometry (scanner) or videodensitometry (videoscan). The principal analysis of densitometry (scanner) is based on the density measured from each spot on the TLC plate using a specific wavelength range, and videodensitometry (videoscan) is performed by taking pictures of the plate using a Visualizer at a specific wavelength. Objective: This review article discusses the application of densitometry and videodensitometry methods for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products. Methods: This study was conducted using a systematic review method using the PRISMA statement from January to April 2023. Four databases were searched: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar with inclusion criteria: studies on thin layer chromatography analysis using densitometry and videodensitometry. Results: Based on the ten articles in this study, it is known that the active ingredient concentrations in pharmaceutical products can be determined using densitometry and videodensitometry. The statistical analysis results show no significant difference between the two methods' chemical concentrations of active ingredients in pharmaceutical products. Conclusion: TLC densitometry and videodensitometry is a valid methods analysis that can be used for quantitating the active pharmaceutical ingredient concentration in finished pharmaceutical products.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Densitometry and Videodensitometry for Quantitating the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using Thin Layer Chromatography – Systematic Review","authors":"Firmansyah Ardian Ramadhani, Idha Kusumawati, Riesta Primaharinastiti, Subhan Rullyansyah, Fajar Jamaluddin Sandhori, Hanif Rifqi Prasetyawan","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.141-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i22023.141-150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chromatography is one of the analytical techniques widely used for the quality control process in the pharmaceutical industry. One of the analytical methods used in drug analysis is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The analysis process of TLC can be performed using densitometry (scanner) or videodensitometry (videoscan). The principal analysis of densitometry (scanner) is based on the density measured from each spot on the TLC plate using a specific wavelength range, and videodensitometry (videoscan) is performed by taking pictures of the plate using a Visualizer at a specific wavelength. Objective: This review article discusses the application of densitometry and videodensitometry methods for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products. Methods: This study was conducted using a systematic review method using the PRISMA statement from January to April 2023. Four databases were searched: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar with inclusion criteria: studies on thin layer chromatography analysis using densitometry and videodensitometry. Results: Based on the ten articles in this study, it is known that the active ingredient concentrations in pharmaceutical products can be determined using densitometry and videodensitometry. The statistical analysis results show no significant difference between the two methods' chemical concentrations of active ingredients in pharmaceutical products. Conclusion: TLC densitometry and videodensitometry is a valid methods analysis that can be used for quantitating the active pharmaceutical ingredient concentration in finished pharmaceutical products.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135066118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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