Background: The thyroid has a vital role in growth, neurodevelopment, reproduction, and metabolism. About 300 million people around the world had been reported to be suffering from thyroid disorders, but more than half were unaware. The factors of sex, age, weight of disease, and other accompanying conditions should be considered, otherwise, it will cause a long time treatment period in which the cost will become higher from year to year. Purpose: The systematic review aims to provide an overview of the financial burden caused by thyroid disease for the communities, governments and health care providers. Method: A systematic review of publications in several databases, namely PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, DOAJ, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Results: Six research articles were obtained from publications selected for systematic review. The reviewed articles show overviews of the cost of thyroid disease in several countries. The financial burden of thyroid patients in some countries varies, with different perspectives. The lowest to highest cost ranges from 0.125 USD/patient – 8106 USD/patient. Conclusion: The study in this review illustrates the various costs in different countries; the cost of screening, and thyroid surgery has the largest contribution compared to other costs; research on the financial burden suffered by thyroid patients in the future must be carried out continuously and periodically to be able to estimate the cost of therapy more appropriately to provide a useful data for health care providers, governments and the community. Direct medical costs are the largest proportion.
{"title":"Cost of Illness Study in Thyroid Patients: A Systematic Review","authors":"Seisye Junita Miru, Libriansyah, Mufarrihah, Yunita Nita","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.92-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.92-102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The thyroid has a vital role in growth, neurodevelopment, reproduction, and metabolism. About 300 million people around the world had been reported to be suffering from thyroid disorders, but more than half were unaware. The factors of sex, age, weight of disease, and other accompanying conditions should be considered, otherwise, it will cause a long time treatment period in which the cost will become higher from year to year. Purpose: The systematic review aims to provide an overview of the financial burden caused by thyroid disease for the communities, governments and health care providers. Method: A systematic review of publications in several databases, namely PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, DOAJ, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Results: Six research articles were obtained from publications selected for systematic review. The reviewed articles show overviews of the cost of thyroid disease in several countries. The financial burden of thyroid patients in some countries varies, with different perspectives. The lowest to highest cost ranges from 0.125 USD/patient – 8106 USD/patient. Conclusion: The study in this review illustrates the various costs in different countries; the cost of screening, and thyroid surgery has the largest contribution compared to other costs; research on the financial burden suffered by thyroid patients in the future must be carried out continuously and periodically to be able to estimate the cost of therapy more appropriately to provide a useful data for health care providers, governments and the community. Direct medical costs are the largest proportion.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43948879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.22-29
Pazri Yuna, L. Chiuman, C. Ginting
Background: The side effects of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have become a known problem in medicine as well as in the general public. These side effects problems drive patients to seek alternatives to common anti-inflammatory drugs, especially natural alternatives. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and many different others have been identified as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one source of such phytochemicals. Whilst the consumption of the flesh of red dragon fruit is very common, utilization of the peel is very rare and often becomes waste. Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential of red dragon fruit peel as an anti-inflammatory agent. Methods: This experimental study with a control group post-test-only design. This study involved in-vitro (protein denaturation inhibition using bovine serum albumin) and in-vivo (carrageenan-induced inflammation on an air-pouch model on 25 white rats) experiment. Results: This study showed that the red dragon fruit peel extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin compounds. Administration of red dragon fruit peel extract suspension was found to be effective at inhibiting protein denaturation and reducing white blood count in the inflammation exudates, and the effectiveness is increasing along with the dose. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the red dragon fruit peel extract was effective as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially at a higher dose.
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Male White Rat","authors":"Pazri Yuna, L. Chiuman, C. Ginting","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.22-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.22-29","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The side effects of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have become a known problem in medicine as well as in the general public. These side effects problems drive patients to seek alternatives to common anti-inflammatory drugs, especially natural alternatives. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and many different others have been identified as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one source of such phytochemicals. Whilst the consumption of the flesh of red dragon fruit is very common, utilization of the peel is very rare and often becomes waste. Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential of red dragon fruit peel as an anti-inflammatory agent. Methods: This experimental study with a control group post-test-only design. This study involved in-vitro (protein denaturation inhibition using bovine serum albumin) and in-vivo (carrageenan-induced inflammation on an air-pouch model on 25 white rats) experiment. Results: This study showed that the red dragon fruit peel extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin compounds. Administration of red dragon fruit peel extract suspension was found to be effective at inhibiting protein denaturation and reducing white blood count in the inflammation exudates, and the effectiveness is increasing along with the dose. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the red dragon fruit peel extract was effective as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially at a higher dose.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48678238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.111-125
M. Shodiq, Farmindo Hartono, Siti Khaerunnisa, A. Machin
Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive impairment of behavioural and cognitive functions and the most common cause of dementia. The pathophysiology of AD is associated with low acetylcholine, accumulation of amyloid beta plaque, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Cinnamomum zeylanicum is known to have many medicinal properties, especially neuroprotective effects. Objective: This research was designed to determine the neuroprotective potential of the phytochemicals C. zeylanicum using an in silico study. Methods: There are 5 phytochemicals compounds of C. zeylanicum used in this study. It's qualified for Lipinski’s rules of five and can cross blood brain barrier. The protein targets were AChE, BACE1, and GSK-3. Molecular docking and visualization were performed using Avogadro, AutoDock 4.2 PyMol and Biovia Discovery Studio 2019. Results: In silico results show that the main phytochemical compounds of C. zeylanicum Blume essential oil have great potency as an AD drug. The best interaction model of the compound was shown by trans-cinnamyl acetate and coumaric acid. Although the binding energy of the compounds is lower than AD drugs (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine), the binding energy is not much different from rivastigmine and galantamine. Conclusion: The phytochemical compounds of C. zeylanicum Blume essential oil have an effect as a neuroprotective agent for AD and should be investigated in future research.
背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种伴有进行性行为和认知功能损害的神经退行性疾病，是痴呆的最常见原因。阿尔茨海默病的病理生理与低乙酰胆碱、β淀粉样蛋白斑块积聚和脑内神经原纤维缠结有关。众所周知，肉桂具有许多药用特性，特别是神经保护作用。目的:采用硅片法研究植物化学物质茜草的神经保护作用。方法:对莪术中的5种植物化学成分进行研究。它符合利平斯基的五项规则，可以穿过血脑屏障。蛋白靶点为AChE、BACE1和GSK-3。使用Avogadro、AutoDock 4.2 PyMol和Biovia Discovery Studio 2019进行分子对接和可视化。结果:实验结果表明，莪术挥发油的主要植物化学成分具有较强的抗AD药物活性。反式乙酸肉桂酯与香豆酸的相互作用模型最佳。虽然化合物的结合能低于AD药物(多奈哌齐、利瓦斯汀、加兰他明)，但与利瓦斯汀和加兰他明的结合能相差不大。结论:zelanicum Blume精油的植物化学成分对AD具有神经保护作用，值得进一步研究。
{"title":"Analysis of Potential Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume Essential Oil Against Alzheimer’s Disease: A Molecular Docking Study","authors":"M. Shodiq, Farmindo Hartono, Siti Khaerunnisa, A. Machin","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.111-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.111-125","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive impairment of behavioural and cognitive functions and the most common cause of dementia. The pathophysiology of AD is associated with low acetylcholine, accumulation of amyloid beta plaque, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Cinnamomum zeylanicum is known to have many medicinal properties, especially neuroprotective effects. Objective: This research was designed to determine the neuroprotective potential of the phytochemicals C. zeylanicum using an in silico study. Methods: There are 5 phytochemicals compounds of C. zeylanicum used in this study. It's qualified for Lipinski’s rules of five and can cross blood brain barrier. The protein targets were AChE, BACE1, and GSK-3. Molecular docking and visualization were performed using Avogadro, AutoDock 4.2 PyMol and Biovia Discovery Studio 2019. Results: In silico results show that the main phytochemical compounds of C. zeylanicum Blume essential oil have great potency as an AD drug. The best interaction model of the compound was shown by trans-cinnamyl acetate and coumaric acid. Although the binding energy of the compounds is lower than AD drugs (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine), the binding energy is not much different from rivastigmine and galantamine. Conclusion: The phytochemical compounds of C. zeylanicum Blume essential oil have an effect as a neuroprotective agent for AD and should be investigated in future research.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48706311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v21i1.1390
Refdanita Refdanita, T. Maigoda, F. Firdaus, Barakatun Nisak, Teodhora Teodhora
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms. This research was aimed at the gel’s pharmacological activity, the extract’s potential in treating diabetic wounds in male rats of Melastoma malabathricum L leaves (ML) and Psidium guajava L leaves (PL), as well as microbiological activity. Viscous extracts of ML and PL were prepared in gel dosage form with concentrations of 4% and 6%. Clindamycin was used as a positive control. This study was conducted using an experimental laboratory method, and the study population included white male rats. The pharmacological activity was tested in the form of a gel dosage formula, and the rats were made diabetic using alloxan. The potential of the extract was observed in healing diabetic wounds in male rats. ML and PL leaf extract gels affect wound healing in diabetic patients. This can be seen from the change in diameter. Wound swab examination revealed the presence of bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins help stimulate the regeneration of epithelial cells and tissues. The results for wound healing of 4% and 6% gel formulations were derived from maturation data on day 10.
{"title":"Diabetic Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Activities of Gels Melastoma malabathricum L. and Psidium guajava L. in Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"Refdanita Refdanita, T. Maigoda, F. Firdaus, Barakatun Nisak, Teodhora Teodhora","doi":"10.35814/jifi.v21i1.1390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i1.1390","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms. This research was aimed at the gel’s pharmacological activity, the extract’s potential in treating diabetic wounds in male rats of Melastoma malabathricum L leaves (ML) and Psidium guajava L leaves (PL), as well as microbiological activity. Viscous extracts of ML and PL were prepared in gel dosage form with concentrations of 4% and 6%. Clindamycin was used as a positive control. This study was conducted using an experimental laboratory method, and the study population included white male rats. The pharmacological activity was tested in the form of a gel dosage formula, and the rats were made diabetic using alloxan. The potential of the extract was observed in healing diabetic wounds in male rats. ML and PL leaf extract gels affect wound healing in diabetic patients. This can be seen from the change in diameter. Wound swab examination revealed the presence of bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins help stimulate the regeneration of epithelial cells and tissues. The results for wound healing of 4% and 6% gel formulations were derived from maturation data on day 10.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75109536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.126-140
F. A. Muslikh, Puja Adi Priatna, Wiwied Ekasari
Background: The incidence of hepatitis in children has grown from the normal number of hepatitis cases since January 2022, and it will continue to rise since the etiology and pathophysiology are unknown. This case is distinct from those caused by the hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a medicinal herb that has long been used in medicine to treat respiratory, digestive, and immune system problems, but it is also known to have an inhibitory impact on the virus. Coronavirus-associated acute respiratory syndrome, hepatitis, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus. Objective: This article will look at Glycyrrhiza glabra L.'s antihepatitis and hepatoprotective properties. Methods: The Pubmed, Sage Journal, and Sciencedirect databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and the keywords "Glycyrrhiza glabra for hepatitis." The inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Results: From the search results, 17 publications were discovered that explain how Glycyrrhiza glabra L. can operate as an antihepatitis agent through anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and hepatoprotective mechanisms. Conclusion: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. can be used as an anti-hepatitis and hepatoprotective in children at doses ranging from 240-480mg/kg/day.
背景：自2022年1月以来，儿童肝炎的发病率已从正常的肝炎病例数增长，并且由于病因和病理生理学尚不清楚，发病率将继续上升。该病例不同于由甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型和戊型肝炎病毒引起的病例。甘草是一种草药，长期以来一直被用于治疗呼吸、消化和免疫系统问题，但众所周知，它对病毒也有抑制作用。冠状病毒相关的急性呼吸系统综合征、肝炎、单纯疱疹病毒、流感病毒。目的：研究光甘草的抗肝炎作用及保肝作用。方法：使用系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）标准和关键词“Glycyrhiza glabra for hepatitics”搜索Pubmed、Sage Journal和Sciencedirect数据库。遵循纳入和排除标准。结果：从搜索结果中，发现了17篇出版物，解释了光甘草如何通过抗炎、抗凋亡和肝保护机制发挥抗肝炎作用。结论：甘草在240-480mg/kg/d剂量范围内可作为儿童肝炎的抗肝保护剂。
{"title":"Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. as Antihepatitis and Hepatoprotective for Children","authors":"F. A. Muslikh, Puja Adi Priatna, Wiwied Ekasari","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.126-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.126-140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of hepatitis in children has grown from the normal number of hepatitis cases since January 2022, and it will continue to rise since the etiology and pathophysiology are unknown. This case is distinct from those caused by the hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a medicinal herb that has long been used in medicine to treat respiratory, digestive, and immune system problems, but it is also known to have an inhibitory impact on the virus. Coronavirus-associated acute respiratory syndrome, hepatitis, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus. Objective: This article will look at Glycyrrhiza glabra L.'s antihepatitis and hepatoprotective properties. Methods: The Pubmed, Sage Journal, and Sciencedirect databases were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards and the keywords \"Glycyrrhiza glabra for hepatitis.\" The inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Results: From the search results, 17 publications were discovered that explain how Glycyrrhiza glabra L. can operate as an antihepatitis agent through anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and hepatoprotective mechanisms. Conclusion: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. can be used as an anti-hepatitis and hepatoprotective in children at doses ranging from 240-480mg/kg/day.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47601118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.1-10
Gusnia Meilin Gholam, Mustika Luthfia, Iman Akhyar Firdausy
Background: Hepatitis C is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV infection is one of the biggest causes of chronic liver disease. About 60-80% of patients with acute hepatitis C will develop chronic hepatitis C. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the potential of mango peel compounds as HCV NS5B inhibitors. Methods: The methods in this study are ligand preparation, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic predictions, protein structure preparation, molecular docking, data analysis, and visualization. Results: The results showed that the test ligands had binding free energies close to the reference ligands, namely Mangiferin -7.862 kcal/mol and respectively D-(+)-Maltose -6.453 kcal/mol, Dibutyl – phthalate -6.326 kcal/mol, bis-β-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride -6.249 kcal/mol, 16-Heptadecyne-1,2,4-triol -5.476 kcal/mol, 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid -5,360 kcal/mol, Trigonelline -4.905 kcal/mol, Hexitol -4.552 kcal/mol, α-Glucoheptitol -4.403 kcal/mol. All the test ligands bind the NS5B active site with hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the ligand-receptor complex has a dissociation constant value and hydrogen bond length. Conclusion: The results showed that Mangiferin was the most potential ligand in inhibiting NS5B HCV of all the test ligands used.
{"title":"Molecular Docking: Bioactive Compounds in Indramayu Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Peel Waste as NS5B Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Inhibitor","authors":"Gusnia Meilin Gholam, Mustika Luthfia, Iman Akhyar Firdausy","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.1-10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV infection is one of the biggest causes of chronic liver disease. About 60-80% of patients with acute hepatitis C will develop chronic hepatitis C. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the potential of mango peel compounds as HCV NS5B inhibitors. Methods: The methods in this study are ligand preparation, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic predictions, protein structure preparation, molecular docking, data analysis, and visualization. Results: The results showed that the test ligands had binding free energies close to the reference ligands, namely Mangiferin -7.862 kcal/mol and respectively D-(+)-Maltose -6.453 kcal/mol, Dibutyl – phthalate -6.326 kcal/mol, bis-β-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride -6.249 kcal/mol, 16-Heptadecyne-1,2,4-triol -5.476 kcal/mol, 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid -5,360 kcal/mol, Trigonelline -4.905 kcal/mol, Hexitol -4.552 kcal/mol, α-Glucoheptitol -4.403 kcal/mol. All the test ligands bind the NS5B active site with hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, the ligand-receptor complex has a dissociation constant value and hydrogen bond length. Conclusion: The results showed that Mangiferin was the most potential ligand in inhibiting NS5B HCV of all the test ligands used.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45929721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.86-91
Aprelita Nurelli Dwiana, A. Poernomo, I. H. Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Dian Rahmawaty, I. Kusumawati
Background: Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) are native Indonesian fruits with numerous health benefits. This study used de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium for fermentation. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms obtained from fermented food or drink (Hamid et al., 2020). Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria, which are known to have various benefits, particularly as antibacterial, are among the active components identified in passion fruit pulp. Objective: This study examinedthe antibacterial activity of red and yellow passion fruits. Methods: Freshly collected passion fruit pulps were fermented in MRS medium in a shaker incubator for 48 hours at 24°C. The filtrates from the fermented broth were tested against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. The analyses applied the streak plate method and the total plate count method. Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of red passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were 50% and 60%, respectively, and of yellow passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were both 30%. Meanwhile, the MICs of red passion fruit ferment filtrates were 35% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43 and 25% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47, whereas the MICs of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. favicarpa) ferment filtrates were 25% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43, and 12.5% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47. Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) ferment filtrates became growth inhibitors against the clinical isolates of MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria with an optimal fermentation time of 24 hours and an optimal concentration of 75%. Conclusion: The results of this study found that the fermented filtrates of red and yellow passion fruits in MRS media could be developed as an antibacterial against MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria.
背景:红色的百香果(Passiflora edulis Sims)和黄色的百香果(Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)是印度尼西亚本土的水果，具有许多健康益处。本研究使用de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS)培养基进行发酵。益生菌是从发酵食品或饮料中获得的有益微生物(Hamid et al.， 2020)。益生菌和乳酸菌是百香果果肉中发现的活性成分，它们具有多种益处，尤其是抗菌作用。目的:研究红色和黄色百香果的抑菌活性。方法:新鲜采集的百香果果肉在MRS培养基中于24℃摇床培养箱内发酵48小时。对发酵液滤液进行耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和广谱β -内酰胺酶(ESBL)产菌的临床分离检测。分析采用了条纹板法和总板数法。结果:红色百香果发酵滤液对MRSA 10和MRSA 11的最低抑制浓度(mic)分别为50%和60%，黄色百香果发酵滤液对MRSA 10和MRSA 11的最低抑制浓度(mic)均为30%。同时，红色百香果发酵滤液对ESBL 41和ESBL 43的mic为35%，对ESBL 45和ESBL 47的mic为25%，黄色百香果发酵滤液对ESBL 41和ESBL 43的mic为25%，对ESBL 45和ESBL 47的mic为12.5%。红百香果(Passiflora edulis Sims)和黄百香果(Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)发酵滤液在最佳发酵时间为24小时、最佳浓度为75%时成为MRSA和esbls产菌临床分离株的生长抑制剂。结论:红色和黄色百香果在MRS培养基中发酵滤液可作为抗MRSA和产esbls细菌的抗菌药物。
{"title":"Growth Inhibitory Effects of Red and Yellow Passion Fruits against MRSA and ESBL-producing Bacteria","authors":"Aprelita Nurelli Dwiana, A. Poernomo, I. H. Nurrosyidah, Isnaeni, Dian Rahmawaty, I. Kusumawati","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.86-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.86-91","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) are native Indonesian fruits with numerous health benefits. This study used de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium for fermentation. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms obtained from fermented food or drink (Hamid et al., 2020). Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria, which are known to have various benefits, particularly as antibacterial, are among the active components identified in passion fruit pulp. Objective: This study examinedthe antibacterial activity of red and yellow passion fruits. Methods: Freshly collected passion fruit pulps were fermented in MRS medium in a shaker incubator for 48 hours at 24°C. The filtrates from the fermented broth were tested against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. The analyses applied the streak plate method and the total plate count method. Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of red passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were 50% and 60%, respectively, and of yellow passion fruit ferment filtrate against MRSA 10 and MRSA 11 were both 30%. Meanwhile, the MICs of red passion fruit ferment filtrates were 35% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43 and 25% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47, whereas the MICs of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. favicarpa) ferment filtrates were 25% against ESBL 41 and ESBL 43, and 12.5% against ESBL 45 and ESBL 47. Red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) ferment filtrates became growth inhibitors against the clinical isolates of MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria with an optimal fermentation time of 24 hours and an optimal concentration of 75%. Conclusion: The results of this study found that the fermented filtrates of red and yellow passion fruits in MRS media could be developed as an antibacterial against MRSA and ESBL-producing bacteria.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46401359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.30-37
Evelyne Santuso, Widji Soeratri, T. Purwanti
Background: Green tea possesses abundant polyphenols that exert antioxidant activity. However, green tea’s hydrophilicity and instability limit its penetration into the skin layers. Recently, a non-ionic surfactant-based elastic nanovesicular system called spanlastic can enhance the delivery of hydrophilic and unstable substances. Spanlastic composed of vesicle builder and edge activator, which influence the characteristics of the vesicle. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the influence of the ratio of the components on the characterization of green tea extract-loaded spanlastic using three different weight ratio of vesicle builder and edge activator that is 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1. Methods: Spanlastic is prepared by ethanol injection methods using Span 60 as vesicle builder (VB) and Tween® 60 as edge activator (EA). The characterization includes visually observed organoleptic, particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI) using dynamic light scattering, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) using total phenolic content assay. The most optimum ratio will be tested its zeta potential value using Zetasizer and viscosity using Brookfield Cone and Plate. Results: Selected spanlastic formula composed of Span 60 and Tween® 60 at a weight ratio of 8:2 has given characteristics as follows: entrapment efficiency 60.85±1.70%; drug loading 11.07±0.65%; the particle size is 419.70±7.42 nm; and PDI value 0.26±0.05. The prepared spanlastic has a greenish liquid form, with a zeta potential value of 28.53±2.78 mV and viscosity of 14.65±0.32 cP. Conclusion: The optimum weight ratio of vesicle builder and edge activator for green tea extract spanlastic is Span 60:Tween® 60 8:2.
{"title":"Characterization of Spanlastic System Loaded Green Tea Extract as Antioxidant for Skin","authors":"Evelyne Santuso, Widji Soeratri, T. Purwanti","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.30-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.30-37","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Green tea possesses abundant polyphenols that exert antioxidant activity. However, green tea’s hydrophilicity and instability limit its penetration into the skin layers. Recently, a non-ionic surfactant-based elastic nanovesicular system called spanlastic can enhance the delivery of hydrophilic and unstable substances. Spanlastic composed of vesicle builder and edge activator, which influence the characteristics of the vesicle. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the influence of the ratio of the components on the characterization of green tea extract-loaded spanlastic using three different weight ratio of vesicle builder and edge activator that is 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1. Methods: Spanlastic is prepared by ethanol injection methods using Span 60 as vesicle builder (VB) and Tween® 60 as edge activator (EA). The characterization includes visually observed organoleptic, particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI) using dynamic light scattering, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) using total phenolic content assay. The most optimum ratio will be tested its zeta potential value using Zetasizer and viscosity using Brookfield Cone and Plate. Results: Selected spanlastic formula composed of Span 60 and Tween® 60 at a weight ratio of 8:2 has given characteristics as follows: entrapment efficiency 60.85±1.70%; drug loading 11.07±0.65%; the particle size is 419.70±7.42 nm; and PDI value 0.26±0.05. The prepared spanlastic has a greenish liquid form, with a zeta potential value of 28.53±2.78 mV and viscosity of 14.65±0.32 cP. Conclusion: The optimum weight ratio of vesicle builder and edge activator for green tea extract spanlastic is Span 60:Tween® 60 8:2.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44171940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v21i1.1373
N. M. D. Sandhiutami, A. T. Atayoğlu, Y. Sumiyati, Y. Desmiaty, R. Hidayat
The active metabolites of Colocasia esculenta L. and Zingiber officinale L. have been reported to reduce pain and exert anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of a combination of C. esculenta and Z. officinale extract. Thirty rats and mice were each divided into 6 groups (n=5), namely the normal group, negative control, positive control (Nadiclofenac), and 3 test groups were given a extract combination (dose 1.3 mg/20 gBW, 2.6 mg/20 gBW, and 5.2 mg/20 gBW). Winter's method was used for anti-inflammatory tests by inducing carrageenan in rat paws, and Sigmund's method was used for analgesic tests by the intraperitoneal induction of acetic acid in mice. The percentage of inhibition of leg edema in rats was 11.33%, 18.90%, and 19.10% for the three doses of the combined extracts of C. esculenta and Z. officinale, and 22.72% for Na-diclofenac (p<0.05). The percentage inhibition in the analgesic test in the positive control group and the three test groups was 61.17%, 41.19%, 51.79%, and 52.35%, respectively (p<0.05). The combination of the C. esculenta and Z. officinale extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Dose of 2.6 mg/20 gBW and 5.2 mg/20 gBW as effective as Na-diclofenac.
{"title":"The Combination of Colocasia esculenta L. and Zingiber officinale Potentially Inhibits Inflammation and Pain","authors":"N. M. D. Sandhiutami, A. T. Atayoğlu, Y. Sumiyati, Y. Desmiaty, R. Hidayat","doi":"10.35814/jifi.v21i1.1373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i1.1373","url":null,"abstract":"The active metabolites of Colocasia esculenta L. and Zingiber officinale L. have been reported to reduce pain and exert anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of a combination of C. esculenta and Z. officinale extract. Thirty rats and mice were each divided into 6 groups (n=5), namely the normal group, negative control, positive control (Nadiclofenac), and 3 test groups were given a extract combination (dose 1.3 mg/20 gBW, 2.6 mg/20 gBW, and 5.2 mg/20 gBW). Winter's method was used for anti-inflammatory tests by inducing carrageenan in rat paws, and Sigmund's method was used for analgesic tests by the intraperitoneal induction of acetic acid in mice. The percentage of inhibition of leg edema in rats was 11.33%, 18.90%, and 19.10% for the three doses of the combined extracts of C. esculenta and Z. officinale, and 22.72% for Na-diclofenac (p<0.05). The percentage inhibition in the analgesic test in the positive control group and the three test groups was 61.17%, 41.19%, 51.79%, and 52.35%, respectively (p<0.05). The combination of the C. esculenta and Z. officinale extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Dose of 2.6 mg/20 gBW and 5.2 mg/20 gBW as effective as Na-diclofenac.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77418643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.54-61
E. Hendradi, Esti Rahayuningtyas, T. Erawati
Background: Diclofenac potassium is an NSAID drug that is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. The use of this drug orally can cause side effects in the gastrointestinal tract, and the drug will undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. Therefore, preparations for transdermal patches were made. Objective: Determining the effect of the polymer ratios of carboxymethyl chitosan, polyvinyl pyrolidone K-30, and ethyl cellulose N22 on the physicochemical characteristics and drug release of a matrix type diclofenac potassium patch. Methods: In this study, matrix type diclofenac potassium patches were made using a combination of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 polymer, and ethyl cellulose (EC) N22 in a ratio of 2:3:7 and 3:2:7. Patches are made by mixing the entire polymer matrix and diclofenac potassium together, which are then evaporated and dried. Results: The results showed that the different polymer compositions of CMC, PVP K-30, and EC N22 resulted in patches with physicochemical characteristics that were not significantly different. The combination of these polymers is able to control the release of the drug from the patch for a long time. It was also found that increasing the concentration of CMC was able to increase the rate of release of diclofenac potassium. Formula 2 with a ratio of 3:2:7 is claimed to be the best formula in terms of physical, chemical, and drug release characteristics from the patch. Further studies are needed, such as drug penetration tests into the skin.
{"title":"The Effect of Polymers Ratio Carboxymethyl Chitosan, Polyvinyl Pyrolidone K-30, and Ethyl Cellulose N22 on Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Drug Release from Matrix Type Diclofenac Potassium Patch","authors":"E. Hendradi, Esti Rahayuningtyas, T. Erawati","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.54-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i12023.54-61","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diclofenac potassium is an NSAID drug that is used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. The use of this drug orally can cause side effects in the gastrointestinal tract, and the drug will undergo extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. Therefore, preparations for transdermal patches were made. Objective: Determining the effect of the polymer ratios of carboxymethyl chitosan, polyvinyl pyrolidone K-30, and ethyl cellulose N22 on the physicochemical characteristics and drug release of a matrix type diclofenac potassium patch. Methods: In this study, matrix type diclofenac potassium patches were made using a combination of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 polymer, and ethyl cellulose (EC) N22 in a ratio of 2:3:7 and 3:2:7. Patches are made by mixing the entire polymer matrix and diclofenac potassium together, which are then evaporated and dried. Results: The results showed that the different polymer compositions of CMC, PVP K-30, and EC N22 resulted in patches with physicochemical characteristics that were not significantly different. The combination of these polymers is able to control the release of the drug from the patch for a long time. It was also found that increasing the concentration of CMC was able to increase the rate of release of diclofenac potassium. Formula 2 with a ratio of 3:2:7 is claimed to be the best formula in terms of physical, chemical, and drug release characteristics from the patch. Further studies are needed, such as drug penetration tests into the skin.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41668433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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