Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.324-330
Dian Ayu Juwita, Nurul Qalbi Desri, D. Permatasari
Background: Patient satisfaction stands as a metric for evaluating the quality of pharmaceutical services. The presence of community requests for high-quality pharmaceutical services has driven pharmacy personnel to enhance these services, aiming to establish patient satisfaction. Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the degree of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in the outpatient pharmacy and to explore how this satisfaction is linked to the patients’ sociodemographics. Methods: Conducted at Padang Panjang Hospital's Outpatient Pharmacy in West Sumatra, Indonesia, this descriptive research employed a questionnaire administered directly to patients. The method used involves a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions divided into two dimensions: Friendly Explanation (containing 11 questions) and Managing Therapy (containing nine questions). The questionnaire's validity (r > 0.632) and reliability (0.97). Data analysis was performed utilizing the Likert scale. Results: There were a total of respondents in this study (365 patients). Most of them (64.4%) were female, in the pre-elderly age group (45.2%), had completed high school (41.1%), and were housewives (31.8%). In general, the level of patient satisfaction is categorized as satisfied, with an average score of 3.49. Specifically, the "Friendly Explanation" got a score of 3.69, and the "Management of Therapy" got a score of 3.25. The study indicated notable statistical disparities in patient satisfaction levels based on age, education, and occupation (p<0.05), but gender did not have a significant impact (p>0.05). Conclusion: In summation, the study found that patients were satisfied with the pharmaceutical services at Padang Panjang Hospital's Outpatient Pharmacy.
{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Services at a Hospital Outpatient Pharmacy in West Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Dian Ayu Juwita, Nurul Qalbi Desri, D. Permatasari","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.324-330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.324-330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient satisfaction stands as a metric for evaluating the quality of pharmaceutical services. The presence of community requests for high-quality pharmaceutical services has driven pharmacy personnel to enhance these services, aiming to establish patient satisfaction. Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the degree of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in the outpatient pharmacy and to explore how this satisfaction is linked to the patients’ sociodemographics. Methods: Conducted at Padang Panjang Hospital's Outpatient Pharmacy in West Sumatra, Indonesia, this descriptive research employed a questionnaire administered directly to patients. The method used involves a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions divided into two dimensions: Friendly Explanation (containing 11 questions) and Managing Therapy (containing nine questions). The questionnaire's validity (r > 0.632) and reliability (0.97). Data analysis was performed utilizing the Likert scale. Results: There were a total of respondents in this study (365 patients). Most of them (64.4%) were female, in the pre-elderly age group (45.2%), had completed high school (41.1%), and were housewives (31.8%). In general, the level of patient satisfaction is categorized as satisfied, with an average score of 3.49. Specifically, the \"Friendly Explanation\" got a score of 3.69, and the \"Management of Therapy\" got a score of 3.25. The study indicated notable statistical disparities in patient satisfaction levels based on age, education, and occupation (p<0.05), but gender did not have a significant impact (p>0.05). Conclusion: In summation, the study found that patients were satisfied with the pharmaceutical services at Padang Panjang Hospital's Outpatient Pharmacy.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.331-346
Nur Aji, Shandra Isasi Sutiswa
Background: Degenerative disease is a decreasing organ function; clinical manifestations can affect the whole body, which is caused by oxidative stress. Ginger, bangle, and lemon have antioxidant properties. The combination of the three is expected to increase antioxidant activity. Objective: This study aimed to determine the potential antioxidant activity of the mixture of the three samples formulated as instant powder. Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory. This study will examine the effect of variations in extract concentration and PEG-40 HCO concentration on instant powder's characteristics and antioxidant activity. Results: Individually, ginger extract has extreme antioxidant activity (IC50 = 23.57 ± 0.13 µg/mL) and bangle strong (IC50 = 64.89 ± 0.15 µg/mL), while lemon has weak antioxidant activity (IC50 >500 µg/mL). Combining ginger, bangle, and lemon with a simplex axial method obtained the combination of ginger: bangle: lemon with the ratio of 4/6: 1/6: 1/6. Adding a mixture of extracts affects the solubility and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The greater the amount of extract, the lower the solubility, and the antioxidant activity did not increase with addition. The addition of PEG-40 HCO increases the solubility of the extract in the instant powder. Antioxidant activity increased to the “medium” category (121.90 µg/mL) after adding PEG-40 HCO at a concentration of 2.70%. The unfavourable impact of PEG-40 HCO addition on instant powders is the angle of repose, flow time, and compressibility. Conclusion: The ginger, bangle, and lemon can be combined and made into instant powder with potential antioxidant activity in the moderate category.
{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Instant Powder Combination of Ginger, Bangle, and Lemon Extract as an Antioxidant","authors":"Nur Aji, Shandra Isasi Sutiswa","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.331-346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.331-346","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Degenerative disease is a decreasing organ function; clinical manifestations can affect the whole body, which is caused by oxidative stress. Ginger, bangle, and lemon have antioxidant properties. The combination of the three is expected to increase antioxidant activity. Objective: This study aimed to determine the potential antioxidant activity of the mixture of the three samples formulated as instant powder. Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory. This study will examine the effect of variations in extract concentration and PEG-40 HCO concentration on instant powder's characteristics and antioxidant activity. Results: Individually, ginger extract has extreme antioxidant activity (IC50 = 23.57 ± 0.13 µg/mL) and bangle strong (IC50 = 64.89 ± 0.15 µg/mL), while lemon has weak antioxidant activity (IC50 >500 µg/mL). Combining ginger, bangle, and lemon with a simplex axial method obtained the combination of ginger: bangle: lemon with the ratio of 4/6: 1/6: 1/6. Adding a mixture of extracts affects the solubility and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The greater the amount of extract, the lower the solubility, and the antioxidant activity did not increase with addition. The addition of PEG-40 HCO increases the solubility of the extract in the instant powder. Antioxidant activity increased to the “medium” category (121.90 µg/mL) after adding PEG-40 HCO at a concentration of 2.70%. The unfavourable impact of PEG-40 HCO addition on instant powders is the angle of repose, flow time, and compressibility. Conclusion: The ginger, bangle, and lemon can be combined and made into instant powder with potential antioxidant activity in the moderate category.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.312-323
Amiruddin, Muh. Agus Syamsur Rijal, Dewi Melani Hariyadi
Background: Ciprofloxacin HCl is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has the lowest MIC against Mycobacterium tuberculosis but has limitations in oral use, so inhalation microspheres are made. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of CaCl2 crosslinker concentration on the characteristics, release and stability of ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres. Methods: Microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation using aerosolization with calcium chloride 0.5M (F1), 1.0M (F2), 1.5M (F3), 2.0M (F4) as crosslinker and then dried using freeze dryer. Results: Ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres formed of yellowish-white powder, smooth morphology and excellent flow properties with the particle size of less than 5µm, drug loading and entrapment efficiency were between 2.05% - 2.42% and 75.34% - 98.09%, yield was between 84.69% - 97.57%, moisture content of less than 10%. Ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres with 1.5M crosslinker (F3) was the optimal formula. For 12 hours, ciprofloxacin released was 49.89% - 63.78% at pH 7.4, and the kinetics of drug release showed that of Korsmeyer-peppas with a mechanism based on fickian diffusion. The microspheres were discovered to be stable for up to 28 days of storage. Conclusion: The increased concentration of the CaCl2 crosslinker from 0.5M to 2.0M decreased the particle size and drug release but increased the yield, drug loading and entrapment efficiency.
{"title":"Effect of CaCl2 Crosslinker Concentration On The Characteristics, Release and Stability of Ciprofloxacin HCl-Alginate-Carrageenan Microspheres","authors":"Amiruddin, Muh. Agus Syamsur Rijal, Dewi Melani Hariyadi","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.312-323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.312-323","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ciprofloxacin HCl is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has the lowest MIC against Mycobacterium tuberculosis but has limitations in oral use, so inhalation microspheres are made. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of CaCl2 crosslinker concentration on the characteristics, release and stability of ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres. Methods: Microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation using aerosolization with calcium chloride 0.5M (F1), 1.0M (F2), 1.5M (F3), 2.0M (F4) as crosslinker and then dried using freeze dryer. Results: Ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres formed of yellowish-white powder, smooth morphology and excellent flow properties with the particle size of less than 5µm, drug loading and entrapment efficiency were between 2.05% - 2.42% and 75.34% - 98.09%, yield was between 84.69% - 97.57%, moisture content of less than 10%. Ciprofloxacin-alginate-carrageenan microspheres with 1.5M crosslinker (F3) was the optimal formula. For 12 hours, ciprofloxacin released was 49.89% - 63.78% at pH 7.4, and the kinetics of drug release showed that of Korsmeyer-peppas with a mechanism based on fickian diffusion. The microspheres were discovered to be stable for up to 28 days of storage. Conclusion: The increased concentration of the CaCl2 crosslinker from 0.5M to 2.0M decreased the particle size and drug release but increased the yield, drug loading and entrapment efficiency.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.369-378
Yuniarti Suryatinah, U. Athiyah, Adliah Binti Mohd Ali, E. Zairina
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is a metabolic disease due to abnormalities in insulin secretion. Insulin is one of DMT2 therapy. Objective: This study aimed to validate a modified the insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM) among Indonesian patients with DMT2. Methods: The Indonesian insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire (IIAIFQ) was developed based on modified some literature reviews and internal expert discussions. The study included 30 participants aged ≥ 17 y.o years old who had been taking insulin in the previous two months. The questionnaire consists of seven dimensions to measure HBM : perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action and insulin adherence. Results: The construct validity test showed that of the 34 question items in the questionnaire, 10 items were invalid, 24 others were demonstrated valid based on the Pearson Correlation (>r table 0.361; p<0.05; loading factor > 0.5). Furthermore, 24 valid items were tested for reliability at a significance level of 0.05, and the results showed that each size had a Cronbach's Alpa > 0.6 with an overall score was 0.858, indicating that all domains in the questionnaire were reliable. Conclusion: IIAIFQ based The HBM theory is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing insulin adherence in diabetes mellitus patients.
{"title":"The Development and Validation of The Indonesian Insulin Adherence Influence Factor Questionnaire (IIAIFQ)","authors":"Yuniarti Suryatinah, U. Athiyah, Adliah Binti Mohd Ali, E. Zairina","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.369-378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.369-378","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is a metabolic disease due to abnormalities in insulin secretion. Insulin is one of DMT2 therapy. Objective: This study aimed to validate a modified the insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM) among Indonesian patients with DMT2. Methods: The Indonesian insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire (IIAIFQ) was developed based on modified some literature reviews and internal expert discussions. The study included 30 participants aged ≥ 17 y.o years old who had been taking insulin in the previous two months. The questionnaire consists of seven dimensions to measure HBM : perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action and insulin adherence. Results: The construct validity test showed that of the 34 question items in the questionnaire, 10 items were invalid, 24 others were demonstrated valid based on the Pearson Correlation (>r table 0.361; p<0.05; loading factor > 0.5). Furthermore, 24 valid items were tested for reliability at a significance level of 0.05, and the results showed that each size had a Cronbach's Alpa > 0.6 with an overall score was 0.858, indicating that all domains in the questionnaire were reliable. Conclusion: IIAIFQ based The HBM theory is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing insulin adherence in diabetes mellitus patients.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.280-289
Nabilah Nauli Jehan, Titik Sunarni, Dian Marlina
Background: Saga leaves are one of the plants that have analgesic activity. Saga leaves contain phenol compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Phenol has instability with oxygen, light, and high temperatures. Therefore, the microencapsulation process is necessary. Microcapsule characterization in this study included encapsulation efficiency, particle size, distribution value and morphology. Objective: This research was to determine the characterization of microcapsules and the analgesic activity of saga leaf extract microcapsules in male mice. Methods: The microencapsulation process conducted in this study was carried out using the spray drying method. Saga leaf extract was coated with the coating material in the ratio of 1:20. Several ratios of maltodextrin (MD) and soy protein isolate (SPI) (100%:0%); (75%%:25); (50%:50%); (25%:75%) were applied as the coating material. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by comparing the total phenol content of the extract and microcapsule. Particle size and distribution values were tested using a particle size analyzer. Microcapsule morphology was seen using scanning electron microscopy. Analgesic activity test using the tail-flick method with mice as test animals. Data analysis in this study used one-way ANOVA. Results: The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 31.40-80.29%. The particle size obtained in the microcosm was 17.70-30.90 µm. The distribution value obtained was 1.42-2.45. The morphology of the microcapsule obtained was round and had wrinkles. The analgesic activity obtained in this study resulted in significantly different pain inhibition values before and after microencapsulation. Conclusion: The characteristics of microcapsule preparations are well-known, and the analgesic activity of various microcapsules was 42.43-57.15%.
{"title":"Characterization of microencapsulated Saga Leaves Extract (Abrus precatorius L.) and Analgetic Activity Tests in Male Mice (Mus musculus)","authors":"Nabilah Nauli Jehan, Titik Sunarni, Dian Marlina","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.280-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.280-289","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Saga leaves are one of the plants that have analgesic activity. Saga leaves contain phenol compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Phenol has instability with oxygen, light, and high temperatures. Therefore, the microencapsulation process is necessary. Microcapsule characterization in this study included encapsulation efficiency, particle size, distribution value and morphology. Objective: This research was to determine the characterization of microcapsules and the analgesic activity of saga leaf extract microcapsules in male mice. Methods: The microencapsulation process conducted in this study was carried out using the spray drying method. Saga leaf extract was coated with the coating material in the ratio of 1:20. Several ratios of maltodextrin (MD) and soy protein isolate (SPI) (100%:0%); (75%%:25); (50%:50%); (25%:75%) were applied as the coating material. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by comparing the total phenol content of the extract and microcapsule. Particle size and distribution values were tested using a particle size analyzer. Microcapsule morphology was seen using scanning electron microscopy. Analgesic activity test using the tail-flick method with mice as test animals. Data analysis in this study used one-way ANOVA. Results: The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 31.40-80.29%. The particle size obtained in the microcosm was 17.70-30.90 µm. The distribution value obtained was 1.42-2.45. The morphology of the microcapsule obtained was round and had wrinkles. The analgesic activity obtained in this study resulted in significantly different pain inhibition values before and after microencapsulation. Conclusion: The characteristics of microcapsule preparations are well-known, and the analgesic activity of various microcapsules was 42.43-57.15%.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Using natural ingredients as antivirals can be considered a treatment for SARS-CoV-2. One of the potential plants, mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), is widely used in various countries as an antiviral treatment. Paparin-like protease (PLpro) is an essential cysteine protease that regulates viral replication and interferes with the regulation of immune sensing. Objective: This study aims to predict which compounds in the mahogany plant have good affinity, patterns, and stability interaction against the target protein of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The drug-likeness parameter using SwissADME was used to screen compounds that will be docked against PLpro using the Autodock program. The parameters observed in molecular docking analysis are the value of bond energy and interaction model to amino acid residues. The compounds in mahogany plants that have the best interactions were then analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation methods to determine the stability of their bonds based on the values of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF). Results: Twenty-two compounds met the drug-likeness requirements. Molecular docking analysis showed that the compounds predicted to have the best binding affinity and have an interaction pattern similar to natural ligands towards the molecular target of PLpro are 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin and 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one. The molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that based on the RMSD and RMSF values, the compound 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one showed higher stability than 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin. Conclusion: 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin were predicted to have good interaction with PLPro; however, 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one showed the higher interaction stability.
{"title":"Analysis of Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) Compounds Against the PLpro Enzyme SARS-COV-2","authors":"Lalu Sanik Wahyu Fadil Amrulloh, Nuraini Harmastuti, Andri Prasetiyo, Rina Herowati","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.347-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.347-359","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Using natural ingredients as antivirals can be considered a treatment for SARS-CoV-2. One of the potential plants, mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King), is widely used in various countries as an antiviral treatment. Paparin-like protease (PLpro) is an essential cysteine protease that regulates viral replication and interferes with the regulation of immune sensing. Objective: This study aims to predict which compounds in the mahogany plant have good affinity, patterns, and stability interaction against the target protein of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The drug-likeness parameter using SwissADME was used to screen compounds that will be docked against PLpro using the Autodock program. The parameters observed in molecular docking analysis are the value of bond energy and interaction model to amino acid residues. The compounds in mahogany plants that have the best interactions were then analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation methods to determine the stability of their bonds based on the values of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF). Results: Twenty-two compounds met the drug-likeness requirements. Molecular docking analysis showed that the compounds predicted to have the best binding affinity and have an interaction pattern similar to natural ligands towards the molecular target of PLpro are 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin and 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one. The molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that based on the RMSD and RMSF values, the compound 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one showed higher stability than 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin. Conclusion: 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin were predicted to have good interaction with PLPro; however, 3β-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one showed the higher interaction stability.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.360-368
Yusna Fadliyyah Apriyanti, Saepudin, Siti Maisharah S. Gadzi
Background: Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics classification was released in 2019 by the World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance antimicrobial stewardship programs in all healthcare facilities. As a result, WHO advises global action to increase the availability of antibiotics from the Access group by more than 60%.Objective: to determine antibiotics consumption for outpatients at a public tertiary hospital in Bengkulu, Sumatera-Indonesia, from 2018 to 2022, focusing on antibiotics from Access class according to the AWaRe classification from WHO and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (MoHRI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey analyzing aggregate data on antibiotics use for outpatients at the hospital during the study period. Data on antibiotics were collected from the hospital pharmacy department, while data on patient visits were collected from the medical records department. The quantity of antibiotics used was calculated using the ATC/DDD method and expressed in DDD/1000 patient-day (PD), which was then converted into a percentage. Results: During the study period, 50-60% and 65-73% out of 14-19 antibiotic agents are from Access class according to WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, respectively. Quantitatively, according to the WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, the consumption of antibiotics from the Access class was 25-50% and 33-71% of total consumption, respectively. In addition, the segment of drug utilization 90% (DU90%) of antibiotics was dominated by antibiotics from Watch class. Conclusion: The hospital has not yet met the WHO target for antibiotic consumption from the Access class, highlighting the need for some effective efforts from Watch class to limit the usage of antibiotics.
{"title":"Five Years Outpatients Antibiotics Consumption at Public Tertiary Hospital in Bengkulu According to Access, Watch and Reserve Classification","authors":"Yusna Fadliyyah Apriyanti, Saepudin, Siti Maisharah S. Gadzi","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.360-368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.360-368","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics classification was released in 2019 by the World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance antimicrobial stewardship programs in all healthcare facilities. As a result, WHO advises global action to increase the availability of antibiotics from the Access group by more than 60%.Objective: to determine antibiotics consumption for outpatients at a public tertiary hospital in Bengkulu, Sumatera-Indonesia, from 2018 to 2022, focusing on antibiotics from Access class according to the AWaRe classification from WHO and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (MoHRI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey analyzing aggregate data on antibiotics use for outpatients at the hospital during the study period. Data on antibiotics were collected from the hospital pharmacy department, while data on patient visits were collected from the medical records department. The quantity of antibiotics used was calculated using the ATC/DDD method and expressed in DDD/1000 patient-day (PD), which was then converted into a percentage. Results: During the study period, 50-60% and 65-73% out of 14-19 antibiotic agents are from Access class according to WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, respectively. Quantitatively, according to the WHO and MoHRI AWaRe classification, the consumption of antibiotics from the Access class was 25-50% and 33-71% of total consumption, respectively. In addition, the segment of drug utilization 90% (DU90%) of antibiotics was dominated by antibiotics from Watch class. Conclusion: The hospital has not yet met the WHO target for antibiotic consumption from the Access class, highlighting the need for some effective efforts from Watch class to limit the usage of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.300-311
E. F. Apriani, Naisa Kornelia, Annisa Amriani
Background: Sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) contain andrographolide (diterpene lactone), flavonoids, quinic acid, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing. Objective: This study optimizes the gelling ingredient in Sambiloto extract gel preparations (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Ness) as a wound healer in male Wistar rats. The gelling agent is an important component that can affect active substance release. Methods: Formula optimization was developed using the Regular Two-Level 22 Factorial Design method in Design-Expert 12 software. This study used 0.5%-1% carbopol 940 and 1%-5% sodium alginate. Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate have different characteristics, so they need to be optimized to produce a gel with good characteristics. Results: Physical property evaluation using factorial design revealed the optimal formula at 0.5% carbopol and 5% sodium alginate, with average pH, viscosity, and adhesion values of 5.17 ± 0.04; 2934.452±286.871 cPs; and 194.236±3.684 s. Centrifugation and cycling tests indicated no organoleptic changes, phase separation, or significant changes in pH. ANOVA analysis showed that the gel with 10% Sambiloto leaf extract had similar burn healing activity to the positive control, with a recovery rate of 99.72 ± 0.47% in 20 days. Scabs formed on the 8th day and peeled off on the 12th day. Conclusion: Sambiloto extract gel in the optimum formula has the potential to be developed as a burn wound-healing drug.
{"title":"Optimizing Gel Formulations Using Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate Containing Andrographis paniculata Extract for Burn-Wound Healing","authors":"E. F. Apriani, Naisa Kornelia, Annisa Amriani","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.300-311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.300-311","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sambiloto leaves (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) contain andrographolide (diterpene lactone), flavonoids, quinic acid, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing. Objective: This study optimizes the gelling ingredient in Sambiloto extract gel preparations (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Ness) as a wound healer in male Wistar rats. The gelling agent is an important component that can affect active substance release. Methods: Formula optimization was developed using the Regular Two-Level 22 Factorial Design method in Design-Expert 12 software. This study used 0.5%-1% carbopol 940 and 1%-5% sodium alginate. Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate have different characteristics, so they need to be optimized to produce a gel with good characteristics. Results: Physical property evaluation using factorial design revealed the optimal formula at 0.5% carbopol and 5% sodium alginate, with average pH, viscosity, and adhesion values of 5.17 ± 0.04; 2934.452±286.871 cPs; and 194.236±3.684 s. Centrifugation and cycling tests indicated no organoleptic changes, phase separation, or significant changes in pH. ANOVA analysis showed that the gel with 10% Sambiloto leaf extract had similar burn healing activity to the positive control, with a recovery rate of 99.72 ± 0.47% in 20 days. Scabs formed on the 8th day and peeled off on the 12th day. Conclusion: Sambiloto extract gel in the optimum formula has the potential to be developed as a burn wound-healing drug.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.386-394
Maria Odelia Vania Arief, Caroline Lieanto, Jessica Mei Sabani, Purwanto
Background: Acne is a prevalent skin health problem experienced by teenagers and adults. Green tea is one of the plants that can be used to treat acne. Green tea dregs contain catechins, which have antibacterial activity that causes acne. Objective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of green tea dregs extract against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Methods: This study used two brewing time variations and three green tea dregs with maceration variations. The obtained extract was then analyzed for its catechin content using the total phenolic test. Section, which has a high phenolic content, was then tested for its activity against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria using the microdilution method to obtain the MIC50 value. The extract with a brewing time of 2 minutes and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction maceration method had the highest MIC50 value of 8.586 mg/mL. The MIC50 value references extract concentrations used in acne spot cream formulations. The cream obtained after the stability test is semisolid, brown, and smells like tea. Spot cream is also homogeneous and meets the pH range in cosmetic preparations of 5.5. However, the viscosity of spot cream decreased significantly after storage to 4546 cPoise from 8106 cPoise. The decrease in the viscosity of the cream was caused by the catechin content in green tea dregs extract, which is acidic, thus reducing the effectiveness of the emulator in the form of triethanolamine, which is alkaline. The decrease in viscosity of the cream also caused the spreadability of the cream to increase and the stickiness of the cream to decrease.
{"title":"Green Tea Dregs (Camellia sinensis (L.) Extraction Method Effect on Cutibacterium acnes and Development of Spot Cream","authors":"Maria Odelia Vania Arief, Caroline Lieanto, Jessica Mei Sabani, Purwanto","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.386-394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.386-394","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acne is a prevalent skin health problem experienced by teenagers and adults. Green tea is one of the plants that can be used to treat acne. Green tea dregs contain catechins, which have antibacterial activity that causes acne. Objective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of green tea dregs extract against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Methods: This study used two brewing time variations and three green tea dregs with maceration variations. The obtained extract was then analyzed for its catechin content using the total phenolic test. Section, which has a high phenolic content, was then tested for its activity against Cutibacterium acnes bacteria using the microdilution method to obtain the MIC50 value. The extract with a brewing time of 2 minutes and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction maceration method had the highest MIC50 value of 8.586 mg/mL. The MIC50 value references extract concentrations used in acne spot cream formulations. The cream obtained after the stability test is semisolid, brown, and smells like tea. Spot cream is also homogeneous and meets the pH range in cosmetic preparations of 5.5. However, the viscosity of spot cream decreased significantly after storage to 4546 cPoise from 8106 cPoise. The decrease in the viscosity of the cream was caused by the catechin content in green tea dregs extract, which is acidic, thus reducing the effectiveness of the emulator in the form of triethanolamine, which is alkaline. The decrease in viscosity of the cream also caused the spreadability of the cream to increase and the stickiness of the cream to decrease.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.272-279
Muhammad Hilmi Afthoni, Sherly Yunita, Eva Monica
Background: Mercury, a hazardous heavy metal known for its toxicity to the human body, finds application in cosmetics due to its capacity to inhibit melanin formation. Traditional mercury analysis relies on resource-intensive and time-consuming instrumentation. Objective: This study aims to devise cost-effective and practical sensors for mercury detection. Methods: The sensor development process involves immobilizing the sensor onto paper, reacting it with mercury, scanning the outcome using a scanner, and subsequently quantifying RGB values using the ImageJ software. Results: Optimization of reagent concentrations gave a ratio of methylene blue, AgNO3, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid at 0.5:7:1.5:1 generating the best results. Additionally, pH optimization within the range of 5 to 9 demonstrates stability without necessitating the inclusion of a buffer solution. Notably, the blue variant exhibits superior responsiveness during concentration optimization. Characterization of the sensor reveals a response time of 3 minutes and minimal interference of 2.145% from other substances. The sensor exhibits a linearity range of 0.5-250 ppm, regression equation y = 8.603x + 21.124, an R-value of 0.994, and an exceedingly low p-value of 6.9924589548512 x 10-9. The sensor boasts a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.206 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.265, indicative of its precision. Further assessments reveal a percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) precision of 2.017% and a recovery rate of 96.14%. Conclusion: The sensor has exhibited stability for over one month under room temperature storage conditions. A comparison between the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the sensor signifies no significant difference between the two methods.
{"title":"Development of Colloidal Silver-based Mercury Sensors in Whitening Cream","authors":"Muhammad Hilmi Afthoni, Sherly Yunita, Eva Monica","doi":"10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.272-279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jfiki.v10i32023.272-279","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mercury, a hazardous heavy metal known for its toxicity to the human body, finds application in cosmetics due to its capacity to inhibit melanin formation. Traditional mercury analysis relies on resource-intensive and time-consuming instrumentation. Objective: This study aims to devise cost-effective and practical sensors for mercury detection. Methods: The sensor development process involves immobilizing the sensor onto paper, reacting it with mercury, scanning the outcome using a scanner, and subsequently quantifying RGB values using the ImageJ software. Results: Optimization of reagent concentrations gave a ratio of methylene blue, AgNO3, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid at 0.5:7:1.5:1 generating the best results. Additionally, pH optimization within the range of 5 to 9 demonstrates stability without necessitating the inclusion of a buffer solution. Notably, the blue variant exhibits superior responsiveness during concentration optimization. Characterization of the sensor reveals a response time of 3 minutes and minimal interference of 2.145% from other substances. The sensor exhibits a linearity range of 0.5-250 ppm, regression equation y = 8.603x + 21.124, an R-value of 0.994, and an exceedingly low p-value of 6.9924589548512 x 10-9. The sensor boasts a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.206 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.265, indicative of its precision. Further assessments reveal a percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) precision of 2.017% and a recovery rate of 96.14%. Conclusion: The sensor has exhibited stability for over one month under room temperature storage conditions. A comparison between the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the sensor signifies no significant difference between the two methods.","PeriodicalId":17684,"journal":{"name":"JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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