Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in 2020, it has changed the way people live such as social life and healthcare. One of the simplest ways to avoid wide spread of the virus is to minimize physical contact and avoid going to a crowded place. Besides that, it also has prompted countries across the world to employ digital technologies such as wireless communication systems to combat this global crisis. Digital healthcare is one of the solutions that play a crucial role to support the healthcare sector in order to prevent and minimize physical contact through telehealth and telemedicine such as monitoring, diagnosis and patient care. 5G network has the potential to advance digital healthcare along with its key technology such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). Despite the benefits of digital healthcare by leveraging the 5G technology, there are still challenges to be overcome such as privacy protection issues, 5G deployment and limited connectivity. In this review, it highlights the relevance and challenges of 5G wireless cellular networks for digital healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also provides potential solutions and future research areas for researchers on 5G to reduce COVID-19 related health risks.
{"title":"Review of 5G Wireless Cellular Network on Covid-19 Pandemic: Digital Healthcare & Challenges","authors":"Chia Chao Kang, Yee Heng Teh, Jian Ding Tan, Mohammad Mahdi Ariannejad, Siti Balqis Samdin","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-02","url":null,"abstract":"Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in 2020, it has changed the way people live such as social life and healthcare. One of the simplest ways to avoid wide spread of the virus is to minimize physical contact and avoid going to a crowded place. Besides that, it also has prompted countries across the world to employ digital technologies such as wireless communication systems to combat this global crisis. Digital healthcare is one of the solutions that play a crucial role to support the healthcare sector in order to prevent and minimize physical contact through telehealth and telemedicine such as monitoring, diagnosis and patient care. 5G network has the potential to advance digital healthcare along with its key technology such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC), and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). Despite the benefits of digital healthcare by leveraging the 5G technology, there are still challenges to be overcome such as privacy protection issues, 5G deployment and limited connectivity. In this review, it highlights the relevance and challenges of 5G wireless cellular networks for digital healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also provides potential solutions and future research areas for researchers on 5G to reduce COVID-19 related health risks.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-14
Saiful Hazman Bin Mokhtar, Ernie Binti Kulian, Nur Hanani Binti Daud
The use of blasting waste in road pavement mixes is one of the new alternatives in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to look at the potential of blasting waste as an additive in bitumen mixtures in road construction. Several percentages of blasting waste additive were studied, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 17%. The parameter values of each of these mixtures were obtained through the Marshall test. A total of five sets of specimens were prepared for the Marshall test, with each set containing three samples. From the test result, all the percentages of blasting waste as an additive in the bitumen mixture passed the Public Works Department (Jabatan Kerja Raya or JKR) specifications. It was also concluded that 10% of blasting waste as an additive is the optimum value, with a stability value of 82.5kN as compared to the stability value of the control sample at 37.7kN. The flow and Marshall Quotient values for the 10% sample were 4mm and 20kN/mm, respectively. All values obtained from this study were in accordance with JKR specifications, indicating that blasting waste has great potential in improving the specification values of bitumen mixtures.
在马来西亚，在路面混合料中使用爆破废物是一种新的替代方案。因此，本研究旨在探讨爆破废物在道路建设中作为沥青混合物添加剂的潜力。研究了爆破废添加剂的添加比例，分别为0%、5%、10%、15%和17%。通过马歇尔试验获得了每种混合物的参数值。马歇尔试验共准备了5组样品，每组包含3个样品。从测试结果来看，所有爆破废物在沥青混合物中作为添加剂的百分比都通过了公共工程部(Jabatan Kerja Raya或JKR)的规范。爆破废石掺量为10%为最佳掺量，稳定值为82.5kN，而对照样品的稳定值为37.7kN。10%样品的流量和马歇尔商值分别为4mm和20kN/mm。本研究得到的所有数值均符合JKR规范，说明爆破废弃物在提高沥青混合料规范值方面具有很大的潜力。
{"title":"Effect of Blasting Waste as An Additive in Bitumen Mixtures","authors":"Saiful Hazman Bin Mokhtar, Ernie Binti Kulian, Nur Hanani Binti Daud","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-14","url":null,"abstract":"The use of blasting waste in road pavement mixes is one of the new alternatives in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to look at the potential of blasting waste as an additive in bitumen mixtures in road construction. Several percentages of blasting waste additive were studied, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 17%. The parameter values of each of these mixtures were obtained through the Marshall test. A total of five sets of specimens were prepared for the Marshall test, with each set containing three samples. From the test result, all the percentages of blasting waste as an additive in the bitumen mixture passed the Public Works Department (Jabatan Kerja Raya or JKR) specifications. It was also concluded that 10% of blasting waste as an additive is the optimum value, with a stability value of 82.5kN as compared to the stability value of the control sample at 37.7kN. The flow and Marshall Quotient values for the 10% sample were 4mm and 20kN/mm, respectively. All values obtained from this study were in accordance with JKR specifications, indicating that blasting waste has great potential in improving the specification values of bitumen mixtures.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-08
Syahirah Mansor, Nur Amirah Mohd Zamri, Zanariah Abd Rahman, Rozaini Ramli, Ahmad Kamil Arshad
Since December 2019, COVID-19 infection rates have risen considerably, and the virus is currently widespread around the world. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the production of medical waste has skyrocketed. Disposable face masks are considered medical waste. Alternative measures must be implemented to assist in reducing medical waste disposal, which can result in serious public health problems and have a negative influence on the environment. In this regard, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of disposable face mask (DFM) ash with varied rates ranging from 5% to 20% by weight on bitumen with a 5% increment to be utilised as an alternative material in asphalt pavement. A series of physical and rheological tests were conducted on the bitumen samples to study the behavior of the DFM ash in bituminous material. Overall, the physical and rheological test results revealed that introducing 20% DFM ash to the modified bitumen was unable to achieve the same properties as with the conventional SMA14 asphalt binder. However, the modified bitumen penetration grade PEN 60/70 has improved the properties and quality of the asphalt in the flexible pavement. In addition, utilising the DFM waste in road construction would be a sustainable technique for protecting the environment by minimising face mask waste caused by the COVID-19 epidemic while lowering the pavement’s construction cost. These research findings may be commercialised to generate revenue in the construction industry for sustainable transportation pathways.
{"title":"An Investigation into the Behavior of Disposable Face Masks in Modified Bitumen for Sustainable Transportation Pathways","authors":"Syahirah Mansor, Nur Amirah Mohd Zamri, Zanariah Abd Rahman, Rozaini Ramli, Ahmad Kamil Arshad","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-08","url":null,"abstract":"Since December 2019, COVID-19 infection rates have risen considerably, and the virus is currently widespread around the world. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the production of medical waste has skyrocketed. Disposable face masks are considered medical waste. Alternative measures must be implemented to assist in reducing medical waste disposal, which can result in serious public health problems and have a negative influence on the environment. In this regard, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of disposable face mask (DFM) ash with varied rates ranging from 5% to 20% by weight on bitumen with a 5% increment to be utilised as an alternative material in asphalt pavement. A series of physical and rheological tests were conducted on the bitumen samples to study the behavior of the DFM ash in bituminous material. Overall, the physical and rheological test results revealed that introducing 20% DFM ash to the modified bitumen was unable to achieve the same properties as with the conventional SMA14 asphalt binder. However, the modified bitumen penetration grade PEN 60/70 has improved the properties and quality of the asphalt in the flexible pavement. In addition, utilising the DFM waste in road construction would be a sustainable technique for protecting the environment by minimising face mask waste caused by the COVID-19 epidemic while lowering the pavement’s construction cost. These research findings may be commercialised to generate revenue in the construction industry for sustainable transportation pathways.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-05
Md. Mahmudur Rahman, Kok Beng Gan, Noor Azah Aziz
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic is widespread imposing limitations on the healthcare services all over the world. Due to this pandemic, governments around the world have imposed restrictions that limit individual freedom and have enforced social distance to prevent the collapse of national health care systems. In such situation, to offer medical care and rehabilitation to the patients, Telerehabilitation (TR) is a promising way of delivering healthcare facilities remotely using telecommunication and internet. Technological advancement has played the vital role to establish this TR technology to remotely assess patient’s physical condition and act accordingly during this pandemic. Likewise, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a key part of the recovery process for a wide variety of conditions, such as stroke, arthritis, brain injury, musculoskeletal injuries, Parkinson’s disease, and others. Different approaches of human activity recognition can be utilized to monitor the health and activity levels of such a patient effectively and TR allows to do this remotely. Therefore, in situations where conventional care is inadequate, combination of telerehabilitation and HAR approaches can be an effective means of providing treatment and these opportunities have become patently apparent during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, this new era of technical progress has significant limitations, and in this paper, our main focus is on the challenges of telerehabilitation and the various human activity recognition approaches. This study will help researchers identify a good activity detection platform for a TR system during and after COVID-19, considering TR and HAR challenges.
{"title":"A Review on Challenges in Telerehabilitation and Human Activity Recognition Approaches during Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Md. Mahmudur Rahman, Kok Beng Gan, Noor Azah Aziz","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-05","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic is widespread imposing limitations on the healthcare services all over the world. Due to this pandemic, governments around the world have imposed restrictions that limit individual freedom and have enforced social distance to prevent the collapse of national health care systems. In such situation, to offer medical care and rehabilitation to the patients, Telerehabilitation (TR) is a promising way of delivering healthcare facilities remotely using telecommunication and internet. Technological advancement has played the vital role to establish this TR technology to remotely assess patient’s physical condition and act accordingly during this pandemic. Likewise, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a key part of the recovery process for a wide variety of conditions, such as stroke, arthritis, brain injury, musculoskeletal injuries, Parkinson’s disease, and others. Different approaches of human activity recognition can be utilized to monitor the health and activity levels of such a patient effectively and TR allows to do this remotely. Therefore, in situations where conventional care is inadequate, combination of telerehabilitation and HAR approaches can be an effective means of providing treatment and these opportunities have become patently apparent during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, this new era of technical progress has significant limitations, and in this paper, our main focus is on the challenges of telerehabilitation and the various human activity recognition approaches. This study will help researchers identify a good activity detection platform for a TR system during and after COVID-19, considering TR and HAR challenges.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-16
Xi Bo Khor, Chin Jin Ong, Chong Hooi Lim, Yee Chyan Tan
Despite the growing demand in rubber products, the world rubber production has declined in recent years. In this paper, a prototype of an automated latex cups collecting robot is constructed to assist the workers in the latex collection process. This robot is constructed on a mobile platform with a rear-wheel drive, double wishbone suspension, Ackermann’s steer transmission, motor-driven Four Degree of Freedom (DoF) manipulator arm and a latex storage tank. Ultrasonic sensors and camera are employed to locate the position of rubber trees and latex cups. The developed prototype robot has undergone the functional test to verify the control system, in which the robot can collecting the latex cup located at the height of 105 cm and 160 cm. In the mobility test, the robot can overcome obstacles of 15 mm height. While in the static test, the platform and the robotic arm can withstand the stress in the range of 107 N/m2. In the balance test, the topple angle is more than 40°, guaranteeing the stability of the robot platform. Those results showed that the prototype design is feasible to perform basic tasks automatically in the unstructured terrain of rubber plantation.
{"title":"Initial Design of Automated Latex Cup Robot Collector on Rough Terrain","authors":"Xi Bo Khor, Chin Jin Ong, Chong Hooi Lim, Yee Chyan Tan","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-16","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing demand in rubber products, the world rubber production has declined in recent years. In this paper, a prototype of an automated latex cups collecting robot is constructed to assist the workers in the latex collection process. This robot is constructed on a mobile platform with a rear-wheel drive, double wishbone suspension, Ackermann’s steer transmission, motor-driven Four Degree of Freedom (DoF) manipulator arm and a latex storage tank. Ultrasonic sensors and camera are employed to locate the position of rubber trees and latex cups. The developed prototype robot has undergone the functional test to verify the control system, in which the robot can collecting the latex cup located at the height of 105 cm and 160 cm. In the mobility test, the robot can overcome obstacles of 15 mm height. While in the static test, the platform and the robotic arm can withstand the stress in the range of 107 N/m2. In the balance test, the topple angle is more than 40°, guaranteeing the stability of the robot platform. Those results showed that the prototype design is feasible to perform basic tasks automatically in the unstructured terrain of rubber plantation.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-13
Norsyakilah Romeli, Aimee Atikah Zakaria, Faridah Muhamad Halil, Muhammad Aizat Afiq Abd Ghapar, Nurfadzillah Ishak
Despite the geospatial potential of Unmanned Aerial System, its application in the construction industry is still at an early stage and limited exposure on the application. A survey was conducted to identify the factor of utilization level, their difficulties, as well as the perception associated with this technology. Responses from the Penang Contractors showed that the most common utilization factor is cost expectancy and limited payload and battery life, sensitivity to weather, as well as large volume of the generated data and data loss, as difficulties to utilizing UASs in earthwork volumetric estimation during preliminary stage, deployment stage and post-deployment stage respectively. This study also used a qualitative technique, in which data were gathered via interviews with a contractor. Participant consider all variables affecting the perception except project requirements. By understanding UAS utilization in construction, this study offers a pathway for researchers and professionals to investigate utilization factors, difficulties, and perceptions that may have the most impact on Malaysia’s construction industry. These barriers to UAS utilization in Malaysia’s construction industry will not preclude its use. However, government assistance is critical in encouraging the use of UAS and increasing public awareness in the construction industry.
{"title":"Earthwork Volumetric Estimation Via Unmanned Aerial System Application: Perception From Penang Contractors","authors":"Norsyakilah Romeli, Aimee Atikah Zakaria, Faridah Muhamad Halil, Muhammad Aizat Afiq Abd Ghapar, Nurfadzillah Ishak","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-13","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the geospatial potential of Unmanned Aerial System, its application in the construction industry is still at an early stage and limited exposure on the application. A survey was conducted to identify the factor of utilization level, their difficulties, as well as the perception associated with this technology. Responses from the Penang Contractors showed that the most common utilization factor is cost expectancy and limited payload and battery life, sensitivity to weather, as well as large volume of the generated data and data loss, as difficulties to utilizing UASs in earthwork volumetric estimation during preliminary stage, deployment stage and post-deployment stage respectively. This study also used a qualitative technique, in which data were gathered via interviews with a contractor. Participant consider all variables affecting the perception except project requirements. By understanding UAS utilization in construction, this study offers a pathway for researchers and professionals to investigate utilization factors, difficulties, and perceptions that may have the most impact on Malaysia’s construction industry. These barriers to UAS utilization in Malaysia’s construction industry will not preclude its use. However, government assistance is critical in encouraging the use of UAS and increasing public awareness in the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-25
Saadullah Hyder, Marjan Gul, Sadiq Hussain, Syed Ilyas Ahmed, Aamir Nazeer, Faheem Ahmed
Traffic flow parameters are required for optimizing traffic operations, design of pavements, and future planning of traffic networks. Unfortunately, due to the unique characteristics and variety of vehicles in the sub-continent i.e., size and design, the accuracy of results for a vision-based system is challenged, since most thorough datasets are based on European and American traffic. This paper proposes a solution by developing a detection model ground-up using a dataset created from the local traffic surveillance footage, and creating a python pipeline for vehicle speed detection and classification. The vehicle classification model is developed using the state-of-the-art YOLO object detector which significantly reduces the computation time required to maintain the efficiency of the proposed solution. Furthermore, a computer-vision script is developed to track the movement of vehicles in the footage and record the speeds in a spreadsheet. The technique used eliminates the video calibration, including distance and angle, required for detecting accurate speeds. Finally, the realtime traffic data is analyzed to derive the fundamental traffic flow parameters and discuss the relation between flow and density. To ascertain the validity of this survey technique, the results are compared to the following renowned traffic flow models: The Modified Greenberg model, Eddie’s model, and The Two-regime model. The results are found to closely follow the models in all three cases.
{"title":"Implementation of A.I. Vehicle Detection for Traffic Analysis Using In-situ Surveillance Infrastructure","authors":"Saadullah Hyder, Marjan Gul, Sadiq Hussain, Syed Ilyas Ahmed, Aamir Nazeer, Faheem Ahmed","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-25","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic flow parameters are required for optimizing traffic operations, design of pavements, and future planning of traffic networks. Unfortunately, due to the unique characteristics and variety of vehicles in the sub-continent i.e., size and design, the accuracy of results for a vision-based system is challenged, since most thorough datasets are based on European and American traffic. This paper proposes a solution by developing a detection model ground-up using a dataset created from the local traffic surveillance footage, and creating a python pipeline for vehicle speed detection and classification. The vehicle classification model is developed using the state-of-the-art YOLO object detector which significantly reduces the computation time required to maintain the efficiency of the proposed solution. Furthermore, a computer-vision script is developed to track the movement of vehicles in the footage and record the speeds in a spreadsheet. The technique used eliminates the video calibration, including distance and angle, required for detecting accurate speeds. Finally, the realtime traffic data is analyzed to derive the fundamental traffic flow parameters and discuss the relation between flow and density. To ascertain the validity of this survey technique, the results are compared to the following renowned traffic flow models: The Modified Greenberg model, Eddie’s model, and The Two-regime model. The results are found to closely follow the models in all three cases.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-09
Ho Mun Ling, Yew Ming Chian, Yew Ming Kun, Saw Lip Huat, Yeo Wei Hong
Modern civilization is increasing the commercial and residential buildings demand, while a big part of the energy consumed in buildings is for cooling purposes. Modern building design requires sustainable cooling facilities when an excellent roofing system plays an important role. This paper investigates the performance of a cool roofing system that integrates lightweight foam concrete roof tile and a passive cool roofing system. The concrete fabrication process introduced the concrete roof tile hollow sections to improve the roof’s thermal resistance. The densities of the lightweight foam concrete roof tile were varied at 1300 kg/m3 and 1100 kg/m3, respectively, to determine a better performance of roof tile than a basic concrete roof with a density of 2500 kg/m3. Two spotlight lamps that imitated solar irradiation in the afternoon were used as the heat supplied on four roof prototypes. The results showed that the attic temperature dropped from 40.8 °C to 33.5 °C (-7.3 °C) after 60 minutes of heat exposure when the roof was a foam concrete, the roof density was lower, with hollow longitude sections and thermal reflective coating. Furthermore, the average attic temperature increment rate was reduced by 70.2 % when an ideal cool roofing system was applied.
{"title":"Influences of Lightweight Foam Concrete Roof Tile Hollow Sections and Thermal Reflective Coating in Cool Roof System","authors":"Ho Mun Ling, Yew Ming Chian, Yew Ming Kun, Saw Lip Huat, Yeo Wei Hong","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-09","url":null,"abstract":"Modern civilization is increasing the commercial and residential buildings demand, while a big part of the energy consumed in buildings is for cooling purposes. Modern building design requires sustainable cooling facilities when an excellent roofing system plays an important role. This paper investigates the performance of a cool roofing system that integrates lightweight foam concrete roof tile and a passive cool roofing system. The concrete fabrication process introduced the concrete roof tile hollow sections to improve the roof’s thermal resistance. The densities of the lightweight foam concrete roof tile were varied at 1300 kg/m3 and 1100 kg/m3, respectively, to determine a better performance of roof tile than a basic concrete roof with a density of 2500 kg/m3. Two spotlight lamps that imitated solar irradiation in the afternoon were used as the heat supplied on four roof prototypes. The results showed that the attic temperature dropped from 40.8 °C to 33.5 °C (-7.3 °C) after 60 minutes of heat exposure when the roof was a foam concrete, the roof density was lower, with hollow longitude sections and thermal reflective coating. Furthermore, the average attic temperature increment rate was reduced by 70.2 % when an ideal cool roofing system was applied.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-20
Yong Saan Cern, Yeoh Sheng Ze
Soft and flexible robots are designed to change their flexibility over a wide range to perform tasks adequately in real-world applications. Current soft robots require cast moulding, high assembly effort and large actuators. Soft origami structures exhibit high levels of compliance. In this paper, we designed a new 3D print-in-place soft four-legged robot (3DSOLR). Our soft legged robot is an endurance application adapted from the soft origami zigzag gripper. This novel and innovative design are inspired by the rigid joint Theo Jansen legged robot with highly adaptive 3D print-in-place soft origami legs capable of fluid motion and even surviving drop tests. The robot mechanism consists of four soft origami flexible legs driven by two DC motors. The 3DSOLR is lightweight and semi-autonomous using two Hall effect sensors and a wireless Bluetooth module. Being 3D print-in-place using Thermoplastic polyurethane also increases its durability while having flexibility, simplicity and safety. The robot also has a gripper inspired by the mandible of male European stag beetle (Lucanus cervus). These features make this robot suitable to be used in social robotics and rescue robotics applications. The transmitter program is implemented in Bluetooth serial communication using MIT App Inventor 2 smartphone apps and a microcontroller Arduino ATMEL is used as the main controller and code in Arduino IDE. It has artificial intelligence (AI) capability with ESP32 CAM onboard which has an object classification accuracy of 95.5% using custom Edge Impulse neural network MobileNetV1 96 x 96. This AI capability enhanced the robot’s capability in object classification for grasping.
{"title":"The Design of a New 3D Print-in-place Soft Four-Legged Robots with Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Yong Saan Cern, Yeoh Sheng Ze","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-20","url":null,"abstract":"Soft and flexible robots are designed to change their flexibility over a wide range to perform tasks adequately in real-world applications. Current soft robots require cast moulding, high assembly effort and large actuators. Soft origami structures exhibit high levels of compliance. In this paper, we designed a new 3D print-in-place soft four-legged robot (3DSOLR). Our soft legged robot is an endurance application adapted from the soft origami zigzag gripper. This novel and innovative design are inspired by the rigid joint Theo Jansen legged robot with highly adaptive 3D print-in-place soft origami legs capable of fluid motion and even surviving drop tests. The robot mechanism consists of four soft origami flexible legs driven by two DC motors. The 3DSOLR is lightweight and semi-autonomous using two Hall effect sensors and a wireless Bluetooth module. Being 3D print-in-place using Thermoplastic polyurethane also increases its durability while having flexibility, simplicity and safety. The robot also has a gripper inspired by the mandible of male European stag beetle (Lucanus cervus). These features make this robot suitable to be used in social robotics and rescue robotics applications. The transmitter program is implemented in Bluetooth serial communication using MIT App Inventor 2 smartphone apps and a microcontroller Arduino ATMEL is used as the main controller and code in Arduino IDE. It has artificial intelligence (AI) capability with ESP32 CAM onboard which has an object classification accuracy of 95.5% using custom Edge Impulse neural network MobileNetV1 96 x 96. This AI capability enhanced the robot’s capability in object classification for grasping.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-21
Marhama Jelita, Habibis Saleh
This communication presents the finite element method (FEM) analysis of the conjugate heat transfer across the PV/T panel. The PV/T system has several layers i.e., PV cell layer, thermal paste layer, reservoir wall and reservoir flow channel filled with nanofluid. The heat transfer equations for all layers have been constructed according to the conjugate heat transfer equation. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved numerically by using the FEM technique. The effects of various dimensionless parameters are discussed by plotting velocity, temperature, electrical output and thermal efficiencies. The result indicates that the average cell temperature keeps decreased by increasing nanoparticle concentration. The narrower flow channel has greater power output at the relatively low concentration while the wider flow channel has greater power output at the relatively high concentration. Thermal performance increases by 11% for every 10% increasing in nanoparticle volume fraction.
{"title":"Improvement of Solar Cell Efficiency and Electrical Energy of a Photovoltaic-Thermal System by Using Nanofluid","authors":"Marhama Jelita, Habibis Saleh","doi":"10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-21","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents the finite element method (FEM) analysis of the conjugate heat transfer across the PV/T panel. The PV/T system has several layers i.e., PV cell layer, thermal paste layer, reservoir wall and reservoir flow channel filled with nanofluid. The heat transfer equations for all layers have been constructed according to the conjugate heat transfer equation. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved numerically by using the FEM technique. The effects of various dimensionless parameters are discussed by plotting velocity, temperature, electrical output and thermal efficiencies. The result indicates that the average cell temperature keeps decreased by increasing nanoparticle concentration. The narrower flow channel has greater power output at the relatively low concentration while the wider flow channel has greater power output at the relatively high concentration. Thermal performance increases by 11% for every 10% increasing in nanoparticle volume fraction.","PeriodicalId":17688,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kejuruteraan","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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