Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.4977
Rise Desnita, Desy Siska Anastasia, M. Putri
Lip balm is a preparation that is applied on the lips to protect the lips from damage. Olive oil is an oil that has emollient properties that are able to maintain moisture, flexibility, and smoothness in the skin. Oleic acid content in olive oil has the ability to improve skin permeability. Tengkawang fat is known to have characteristics similar to cocoa fat so it is used as a base. This study will provide an overview of the physical properties of olive oil lip balm (olive oil) with tengkawang fat based on storage for 28 days. Lip balm preparations are made in three concentration variations for 10%, 15%, and 20%, Then the preparation will be observed organoleptically changes, homogeneity of the preparation, pH and temperature of the melting point. The results ANOVA test of pH showed there was no significant difference between storage time to pH for each formula. Organoleptic and homogeneity test show good results in the absence of discoloration, odor, and texture and homogeneity during the storage period. The evaluation of lip balm preparations for each formula showed that the preparations were physically stable during the 28-day storage period.
{"title":"FORMULATIONS AND PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST OF OLIVE OIL (Olea europaea L.) LIP BALM WITH ILLIPE BUTTER","authors":"Rise Desnita, Desy Siska Anastasia, M. Putri","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.4977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.4977","url":null,"abstract":"Lip balm is a preparation that is applied on the lips to protect the lips from damage. Olive oil is an oil that has emollient properties that are able to maintain moisture, flexibility, and smoothness in the skin. Oleic acid content in olive oil has the ability to improve skin permeability. Tengkawang fat is known to have characteristics similar to cocoa fat so it is used as a base. This study will provide an overview of the physical properties of olive oil lip balm (olive oil) with tengkawang fat based on storage for 28 days. Lip balm preparations are made in three concentration variations for 10%, 15%, and 20%, Then the preparation will be observed organoleptically changes, homogeneity of the preparation, pH and temperature of the melting point. The results ANOVA test of pH showed there was no significant difference between storage time to pH for each formula. Organoleptic and homogeneity test show good results in the absence of discoloration, odor, and texture and homogeneity during the storage period. The evaluation of lip balm preparations for each formula showed that the preparations were physically stable during the 28-day storage period.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47195288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6625
S. A. Kristina, Rivai Endra Dwi Yulianto, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti
A good information system will support the implementation of the tasks and functions of the organization. This systematic review aims to identify and characterize the methods and attributes in usability evaluation and identify measurement techniques in usability evaluation. This systematic review uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The search was carried out using two databases, namely PubMed and Science Direct, by limiting information systems related to health published from 2015 to 2021. Articles that met the criteria were evaluated for methods, attributes, measurement techniques, and usability criteria used. Article quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. The search identified 132 articles. The results of abstract screening and duplication-checking obtained 128 articles. The screening was carried out through a complete review of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, obtained 9 articles that met the criteria. There are five methods used for usability evaluation, namely Think aloud (TA), Heuristic evaluation (HE), System Usability Scale (SUS), User viewpoint, and Cognitive Walkthrough Method. Six problem definitions used in usability evaluation are ISO, Nielsen, user-based, TAUCHI, 19 item usability questions, and successful completion of scenarios. The measurement technique is done by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction are criteria that are always assessed from almost all articles reviewed. The heuristic evaluation method with quantitative measurement techniques using an evaluator in evaluating usability based on scenarios then proceeding with qualitative measurement techniques to deepen problems and provide solutions is the most ideal usability evaluation measurement technique.
{"title":"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE USABILITY EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS","authors":"S. A. Kristina, Rivai Endra Dwi Yulianto, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6625","url":null,"abstract":"A good information system will support the implementation of the tasks and functions of the organization. This systematic review aims to identify and characterize the methods and attributes in usability evaluation and identify measurement techniques in usability evaluation. This systematic review uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The search was carried out using two databases, namely PubMed and Science Direct, by limiting information systems related to health published from 2015 to 2021. Articles that met the criteria were evaluated for methods, attributes, measurement techniques, and usability criteria used. Article quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. The search identified 132 articles. The results of abstract screening and duplication-checking obtained 128 articles. The screening was carried out through a complete review of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, obtained 9 articles that met the criteria. There are five methods used for usability evaluation, namely Think aloud (TA), Heuristic evaluation (HE), System Usability Scale (SUS), User viewpoint, and Cognitive Walkthrough Method. Six problem definitions used in usability evaluation are ISO, Nielsen, user-based, TAUCHI, 19 item usability questions, and successful completion of scenarios. The measurement technique is done by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction are criteria that are always assessed from almost all articles reviewed. The heuristic evaluation method with quantitative measurement techniques using an evaluator in evaluating usability based on scenarios then proceeding with qualitative measurement techniques to deepen problems and provide solutions is the most ideal usability evaluation measurement technique.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43707456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5918
N. P. Pratama, Kurnia Rahayu Purnomo Sari, E. Kurniawati
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) are one type of potential medicinal plants because they have various properties. One of the properties of these two plants is as an antioxidant. The combination of the two plants has a strong category of antioxidant activity, does not cause death and physical changes in test animals. This study aimed to make an antioxidant chewable Tablet containing a combination of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) extract with a variation of mannitol-sorbitol as a filler. This variation has the advantage of covering the bitter taste of the active substance so that it is expected to provide a pleasant taste and is easy to swallow. The extract obtained was formulated into chewable Tablets with variations of mannitol-sorbitol (90%:10%), (80%:20%), and (70%:30%). The method used is wet granulation. The granules obtained were tested for their physical properties, namely flow velocity, angle of repose, and compressibility. The physical properties of the Tablets tested included uniformity of weight, size, hardness, friability, disintegration time, quality of taste, shape, and odor. Based on the test results of the physical properties of the granules, the three formulas met the requirements. While the physical properties of Tablets that do not meet the criteria are uniformity of size and disintegration time. This research concludes that the extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) be formulated into chewable Tablets where formula two with variations of mannitol:sorbitol (80:20%) is the best formula by fulfilling 9 of 11 requirements
{"title":"FORMULATION OF CHEWABLE TABLET PREPARATIONS FROM THE COMBINATION OF Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. AND Gynura Procumbens (Merr.)","authors":"N. P. Pratama, Kurnia Rahayu Purnomo Sari, E. Kurniawati","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5918","url":null,"abstract":"Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) are one type of potential medicinal plants because they have various properties. One of the properties of these two plants is as an antioxidant. The combination of the two plants has a strong category of antioxidant activity, does not cause death and physical changes in test animals. This study aimed to make an antioxidant chewable Tablet containing a combination of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) extract with a variation of mannitol-sorbitol as a filler. This variation has the advantage of covering the bitter taste of the active substance so that it is expected to provide a pleasant taste and is easy to swallow. The extract obtained was formulated into chewable Tablets with variations of mannitol-sorbitol (90%:10%), (80%:20%), and (70%:30%). The method used is wet granulation. The granules obtained were tested for their physical properties, namely flow velocity, angle of repose, and compressibility. The physical properties of the Tablets tested included uniformity of weight, size, hardness, friability, disintegration time, quality of taste, shape, and odor. Based on the test results of the physical properties of the granules, the three formulas met the requirements. While the physical properties of Tablets that do not meet the criteria are uniformity of size and disintegration time. This research concludes that the extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) be formulated into chewable Tablets where formula two with variations of mannitol:sorbitol (80:20%) is the best formula by fulfilling 9 of 11 requirements","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46471108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6931
Rulyta Aulia Munandar, N. Rusdiana, La Ode Akbar Rasydy
Borax is a dangerous material if it is contained in food so its use is prohibited. Borax contained in wet noodles is used as a preservative to keep the noodles supple and durable. There are reports in several areas in Tangerang about the content of borax in food, but no research has been conducted in the Sepatan Market, Tangerang Regency. Identification of borax by qualitative test using flame test method and curcumin paper color test, while quantitative test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method with a wavelength of 536.40 nm. Two of the total samples tested using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometric instruments showed negative borax content when compared to the flame test and curcumin paper color test. Wet noodle samples sold at Pasar Sepatan, Tangerang Regency, showed a positive content of Borax at 85.71% of the total sample.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF BORAX IN WET NOODLE IN SEPATAN MARKET TANGERANG BY TURMERIC INDICATOR PAPER, FLAME TEST, AND UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY","authors":"Rulyta Aulia Munandar, N. Rusdiana, La Ode Akbar Rasydy","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6931","url":null,"abstract":"Borax is a dangerous material if it is contained in food so its use is prohibited. Borax contained in wet noodles is used as a preservative to keep the noodles supple and durable. There are reports in several areas in Tangerang about the content of borax in food, but no research has been conducted in the Sepatan Market, Tangerang Regency. Identification of borax by qualitative test using flame test method and curcumin paper color test, while quantitative test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method with a wavelength of 536.40 nm. Two of the total samples tested using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometric instruments showed negative borax content when compared to the flame test and curcumin paper color test. Wet noodle samples sold at Pasar Sepatan, Tangerang Regency, showed a positive content of Borax at 85.71% of the total sample.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42942112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3493
Resita Putri, D. Anggraini
The liver has a very important role in the human body. However, these organ tissues are also very susceptible to be tissue damage. Fatty liver disease (steatosis) is a disease caused by high cholesterol. Physically, cholesterol is a yellowish subtance, lumps like wax, and is an arrangement of steroid groups. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs due to excess cholesterol levels in the liver. Liver function can be affected as a result of liver damage. So, a hepatoprotector is needed. The flavonoid content of cucumber skin has potential as an anticholesterol. The purpose of this research is to analyze the ability of the ethanol extract of cucumber peel (Cucumis sativus L.) as a cholesterol lowering agents as indicated by the EC50 value. Maceration extraction method used in this study using 96% ethanol as solvent. Qualitative analysis of ethanolic extract of cucumber peel is known to have flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids as indicated by the appearance of color changes, and saponins which are indicated by the appearance of foam. Lieberman-burchad reagent was used for quantitative analysis of anticholesterol using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The analysis was carried out at a maximum wavelength of 665,0 nm with an incubation time of 15 minutes. The concentration variations of the extract used were between 25-150 with a range of 25 ppm. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of cucumber peel could potentially be an anticholesterol with the percentage reduction of 28.50%; 35.45%; 39.59%; 45.82%; 51.24%; and 55.12% at 5 variations of concentration. The EC50 value was achieved at a concentration of 122.04 ppm.
{"title":"THE POTENCY OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.) PEEL EXTRACT AS ANTICHOLESTEROL","authors":"Resita Putri, D. Anggraini","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3493","url":null,"abstract":"The liver has a very important role in the human body. However, these organ tissues are also very susceptible to be tissue damage. Fatty liver disease (steatosis) is a disease caused by high cholesterol. Physically, cholesterol is a yellowish subtance, lumps like wax, and is an arrangement of steroid groups. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs due to excess cholesterol levels in the liver. Liver function can be affected as a result of liver damage. So, a hepatoprotector is needed. The flavonoid content of cucumber skin has potential as an anticholesterol. The purpose of this research is to analyze the ability of the ethanol extract of cucumber peel (Cucumis sativus L.) as a cholesterol lowering agents as indicated by the EC50 value. Maceration extraction method used in this study using 96% ethanol as solvent. Qualitative analysis of ethanolic extract of cucumber peel is known to have flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids as indicated by the appearance of color changes, and saponins which are indicated by the appearance of foam. Lieberman-burchad reagent was used for quantitative analysis of anticholesterol using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The analysis was carried out at a maximum wavelength of 665,0 nm with an incubation time of 15 minutes. The concentration variations of the extract used were between 25-150 with a range of 25 ppm. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of cucumber peel could potentially be an anticholesterol with the percentage reduction of 28.50%; 35.45%; 39.59%; 45.82%; 51.24%; and 55.12% at 5 variations of concentration. The EC50 value was achieved at a concentration of 122.04 ppm. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5611
Pande Made Desy Ratnasari, Ketut Lia Pran Anggar Yani, Heny Dwi Arini
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a condition of severe renal damage associated with a higher incidence of hypertension that requires antihypertensive therapy to prevent the worsening disease. Therefore, patients who received more than two types of antihypertensives have affected medication adherence. This study aimed to analyze relationship between the number of antihypertensives and medication adherence in ESRD patients. The study was a cross-sectional design involving 77 participants selected by a purposive sampling technique at Outpatient Private Hospital Buleleng Bali in July-September 2020. Data were collected based on patient’s medical records and the Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were ESRD patients aged ≥18 years, with hypertension history, taking the same antihypertensive for three months before the study, sign informed consent, and completed medical record data. Those who were a weak general condition and cognitive impairment were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that overall, of patients were <65 years old (80.52%), male (70.13%), duration of ESRD <5 years (89.61%), primarily high school (57.14%), and without complications (57.1%). Most patients used a combination of two antihypertensives (35.07%), and 61.04% has a high medication adherence. There was no significant relationship between the number of antihypertensives and medication adherence (p=0.847). Nevertheless, it was still shown that the higher number of antihypertensives in ESRD patients was directly proportional to the lower medication adherence.
{"title":"ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE WITH MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN END STAGE RENAL DISEASE","authors":"Pande Made Desy Ratnasari, Ketut Lia Pran Anggar Yani, Heny Dwi Arini","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5611","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a condition of severe renal damage associated with a higher incidence of hypertension that requires antihypertensive therapy to prevent the worsening disease. Therefore, patients who received more than two types of antihypertensives have affected medication adherence. This study aimed to analyze relationship between the number of antihypertensives and medication adherence in ESRD patients. The study was a cross-sectional design involving 77 participants selected by a purposive sampling technique at Outpatient Private Hospital Buleleng Bali in July-September 2020. Data were collected based on patient’s medical records and the Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were ESRD patients aged ≥18 years, with hypertension history, taking the same antihypertensive for three months before the study, sign informed consent, and completed medical record data. Those who were a weak general condition and cognitive impairment were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that overall, of patients were <65 years old (80.52%), male (70.13%), duration of ESRD <5 years (89.61%), primarily high school (57.14%), and without complications (57.1%). Most patients used a combination of two antihypertensives (35.07%), and 61.04% has a high medication adherence. There was no significant relationship between the number of antihypertensives and medication adherence (p=0.847). Nevertheless, it was still shown that the higher number of antihypertensives in ESRD patients was directly proportional to the lower medication adherence. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6582
Anita Puspa Widiyana, D. Illian
The plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites, a bioactive compound that has various activities. Flavonoids, as a type of secondary metabolite, have been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. Flavonoid has been found abundantly in Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss.) leaves. The difference in total flavonoid content might be an occurrence of the different solvent types and concentrations. The present study was conducted to analyze the phytochemical and determine the total flavonoid content of neem leaves extract using two different solvents (namely 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate) using UV-Vis spectrophotometric. The extraction from neem leaves was performed by maceration method. Phytochemical analysis of neem leaves reveals several secondary metabolites: flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Total flavonoid content from both extracts was determined by utilizing the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method at a maximum wavelength of 428.2 nm with three repetitions, and also quercetin was used as a standard. Total flavonoid content from neem leaves extract in solvents of 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate had a value of 118.57 ± 0.08 mg/g QE and 74.17 ± 0.20 mg/g QE, respectively. Neem leaves extract in solvents of 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate had identical phytochemical content. Total flavonoid content of neem leaves from 70% ethanol extract was higher than ethyl acetate extract.
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT ON ETHANOL AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT FROM NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA JUSS.) LEAVES UTILIZING UV–VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC","authors":"Anita Puspa Widiyana, D. Illian","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6582","url":null,"abstract":"The plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites, a bioactive compound that has various activities. Flavonoids, as a type of secondary metabolite, have been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. Flavonoid has been found abundantly in Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss.) leaves. The difference in total flavonoid content might be an occurrence of the different solvent types and concentrations. The present study was conducted to analyze the phytochemical and determine the total flavonoid content of neem leaves extract using two different solvents (namely 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate) using UV-Vis spectrophotometric. The extraction from neem leaves was performed by maceration method. Phytochemical analysis of neem leaves reveals several secondary metabolites: flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Total flavonoid content from both extracts was determined by utilizing the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method at a maximum wavelength of 428.2 nm with three repetitions, and also quercetin was used as a standard. Total flavonoid content from neem leaves extract in solvents of 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate had a value of 118.57 ± 0.08 mg/g QE and 74.17 ± 0.20 mg/g QE, respectively. Neem leaves extract in solvents of 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate had identical phytochemical content. Total flavonoid content of neem leaves from 70% ethanol extract was higher than ethyl acetate extract.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.4972
Novena Yety Lindawati, A. Ni'ma
Flavonoid is the compounds in nature that play a role in increasing body immunity. Flavonoids in green plants can be sourced from fennel leaves. The aims of the study were to determine the total levels of flavonoids in fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare) using Visible Spectrophotometry. Maceration extracted samples using ethanol 96% solvent. Qualitative analysis of flavonoids using dilute NaOH, Wilstater-cyanidin method, and AlCl3. Quersetin used as standard solution. Quantitative analysis was carried out by colorimetric method with ALCl3 reagent as a complex compound. Quantitative analysis was continued with Visible Spectrophotometry on operating time at the 28th minute and a wavelength of 430.5 nm. Qualitative analysis indicate that the ethanol extract of fennel leaves was positive flavonoids. The total flavonoid content of fennel leaves ethanol extract was 99.2 mg QE/g extract with a coefficient of variation 1.27%.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FLAVANOID LEVELS OF FENNEL LEAVES (FOENICULUM VULGARE) ETHANOL EXTRACT BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY VISIBEL","authors":"Novena Yety Lindawati, A. Ni'ma","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.4972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.4972","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoid is the compounds in nature that play a role in increasing body immunity. Flavonoids in green plants can be sourced from fennel leaves. The aims of the study were to determine the total levels of flavonoids in fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare) using Visible Spectrophotometry. Maceration extracted samples using ethanol 96% solvent. Qualitative analysis of flavonoids using dilute NaOH, Wilstater-cyanidin method, and AlCl3. Quersetin used as standard solution. Quantitative analysis was carried out by colorimetric method with ALCl3 reagent as a complex compound. Quantitative analysis was continued with Visible Spectrophotometry on operating time at the 28th minute and a wavelength of 430.5 nm. Qualitative analysis indicate that the ethanol extract of fennel leaves was positive flavonoids. The total flavonoid content of fennel leaves ethanol extract was 99.2 mg QE/g extract with a coefficient of variation 1.27%.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42811416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6115
H. Wijaya, I. P. R. K. P. Wiratama, Pande Ketut Pramita Desna Putri, Kadek Sutri Ariyanthini, Elisabeth Angelina, Nieke Andina, Putu Saradevi Naripradnya, E. I. Setyawan
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) kintamani is a superior agricultural product from Bali. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) contains many compounds, one of which is caffeine which is beneficial for health and beauty. This study aims to formulate kintamani arabica coffee beans into a gel dosage form. The optimization formula of kintamani arabica coffee bean gel was made using the D-Optimal method using a combination of HPMC and propylene glycol as observation variables and spreadability, pH, and viscosity of the gel preparation as experimental responses. The study of caffeine from the gel preparation was carried out using a Franz diffusion cell. Caffeine content in the gel preparation and its release are determined by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the amount of HPMC used would increase the viscosity value (+14113.92) and decrease the spreadability (-0.29) and pH (-6.59167E-003) of the gel. The greater the amount of propylene glycol used will decrease the viscosity value (-2484.54) and increase the spreadability value (+0.30) and pH (+0.31802) of the gel. The conclusion of this study is the use of a combination of HPMC and propylene glycol (6%:17%) resulted in the optimum formula with a viscosity value of 44,070 cps, a spreadability value of 3.6 cm, and a pH value of 5.32. The caffeine content obtained in the gel preparation was 188.47 g and the amount of caffeine released from the gel preparation for 6 hours of testing was 4.95%.
{"title":"APPLICATION D-OPTIMAL METHOD ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF FORMULATION OF KINTAMANI ARABICA COFFEE GEL (Coffea arabica L.)","authors":"H. Wijaya, I. P. R. K. P. Wiratama, Pande Ketut Pramita Desna Putri, Kadek Sutri Ariyanthini, Elisabeth Angelina, Nieke Andina, Putu Saradevi Naripradnya, E. I. Setyawan","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.6115","url":null,"abstract":"Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) kintamani is a superior agricultural product from Bali. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) contains many compounds, one of which is caffeine which is beneficial for health and beauty. This study aims to formulate kintamani arabica coffee beans into a gel dosage form. The optimization formula of kintamani arabica coffee bean gel was made using the D-Optimal method using a combination of HPMC and propylene glycol as observation variables and spreadability, pH, and viscosity of the gel preparation as experimental responses. The study of caffeine from the gel preparation was carried out using a Franz diffusion cell. Caffeine content in the gel preparation and its release are determined by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the amount of HPMC used would increase the viscosity value (+14113.92) and decrease the spreadability (-0.29) and pH (-6.59167E-003) of the gel. The greater the amount of propylene glycol used will decrease the viscosity value (-2484.54) and increase the spreadability value (+0.30) and pH (+0.31802) of the gel. The conclusion of this study is the use of a combination of HPMC and propylene glycol (6%:17%) resulted in the optimum formula with a viscosity value of 44,070 cps, a spreadability value of 3.6 cm, and a pH value of 5.32. The caffeine content obtained in the gel preparation was 188.47 g and the amount of caffeine released from the gel preparation for 6 hours of testing was 4.95%.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5958
Nadia Pramasari, D. Endarti, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is chronic disease that requires routine lifelong treatment. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels in DM patients can cause complications. This has an impact on the burden of health costs. The aim of this study to conduct a narrative review of the cost of illness in type 2 DM patients in various countries. The English articles used in this study were obtained from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley that published in the period 2011 to 2021. The cost reported in the articles were local currency that later converted into US dollars according to the time of the study. Based on the narrative review, there are 19 articles that meet the criteria. In the article, there are varied perspectives, methods, and cost categories. The total cost per year for type 2 DM ranged from US$246.1 to US$5894.1, direct, and indirect costs per patient per year ranged from US$ 104.6 to US$5246.4 and US$82.9 to US$2299.4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the burden of health costs. The presence of complications in type 2 DM patients requires higher health costs compared to uncomplicated type 2 DM patients and non-DM patient
{"title":"COST OF ILLNESS DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2: NARRATIVE REVIEW","authors":"Nadia Pramasari, D. Endarti, Anna Wahyuni Widayanti","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5958","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is chronic disease that requires routine lifelong treatment. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels in DM patients can cause complications. This has an impact on the burden of health costs. The aim of this study to conduct a narrative review of the cost of illness in type 2 DM patients in various countries. The English articles used in this study were obtained from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley that published in the period 2011 to 2021. The cost reported in the articles were local currency that later converted into US dollars according to the time of the study. Based on the narrative review, there are 19 articles that meet the criteria. In the article, there are varied perspectives, methods, and cost categories. The total cost per year for type 2 DM ranged from US$246.1 to US$5894.1, direct, and indirect costs per patient per year ranged from US$ 104.6 to US$5246.4 and US$82.9 to US$2299.4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the burden of health costs. The presence of complications in type 2 DM patients requires higher health costs compared to uncomplicated type 2 DM patients and non-DM patient","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43528943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：