Trembesi plant (Samanea saman (Jacq.) are used for traditional medicine as an antibacterial, an analgesic, treat headaches and diarrhea. The aims of this research were to determine analgesic activity and toxicity of n-hexana fraction of trembesi leaves in mice. Extraction using maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, then solid-liquid partitioned. The activity of an analgesic test by induction acetic acid 1% using negative control CMC Na 0,5%, positive control acetosal dose of 360 mg/kgBW, the treatment group n-heksana fraction doses of 200, 350 and 500 mg/kgBW, while the toxicity test used negative CMC Na 0,5%, with the treatment group dose 5, 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kgBW. Analysis analgesic test data using the Hendersot and Forsaith equations for know the amount of stretching mice. Observation irritation gastric done by observation in makroskopis. While the toxicity test is done within 24 hours for calculated LD50 and make observations and Kruskal-Walli’s test in time 7 days to find out the delayed toxic effects. The results obtained the percent of the analgesic of the n-heksana fraction by 37.86%, 55.78% and 70.9% and LD50 values of 5000 mg/kgBW with the results observations made no significant difference (p>0.05). This research conclusion was the n-hexana fraction trembesi leaves having an analgesic doses activity with effective 350 mg/kgBW with a 55,78% analgetika potential and a toxic effect are categorized as toxic mild and there is no on the irritation.
银耳属植物（Samanea saman，Jacq.）在传统医学中被用作抗菌、镇痛、治疗头痛和腹泻的药物。本研究的目的是测定吸虫叶正己烷组分对小鼠的镇痛活性和毒性。用70%乙醇溶剂浸渍法提取，然后进行固液分配。通过诱导乙酸1%的镇痛试验的活性，使用阴性对照CMC Na 0.5%，阳性对照乙酰乙酸剂量为360 mg/kg体重，治疗组n-海桑那部分剂量为200、350和500 mg/kg体重，而毒性试验使用阴性CMC Na 0.5%和治疗组剂量为5、50、500和5000 mg/kg体重。使用Hendersot和Forsaith方程分析镇痛试验数据，以了解拉伸小鼠的量。通过在makroskopis中观察对胃的刺激。而毒性试验是在24小时内对计算的LD50进行的，并在7天内进行观察和Kruskal-Walli试验，以找出延迟的毒性作用。结果表明，正海桑那组分的镇痛率提高了37.86%，55.78%和70.9%，LD50值为5000mg/kg体重与结果无显著性差异（p>0.05）。
{"title":"ANALGESIC TEST AND TOXICITY OF n-HEXANA FRACTION TREMBESI LEAVES (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.) IN MICE (Mus musculus L.)","authors":"Rosa Juwita Hesturini, Krisna Kharisma Pertiwi, Meylisa Nurvita Astari, Adellia Ayu Febriana","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3867","url":null,"abstract":"Trembesi plant (Samanea saman (Jacq.) are used for traditional medicine as an antibacterial, an analgesic, treat headaches and diarrhea. The aims of this research were to determine analgesic activity and toxicity of n-hexana fraction of trembesi leaves in mice. Extraction using maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, then solid-liquid partitioned. The activity of an analgesic test by induction acetic acid 1% using negative control CMC Na 0,5%, positive control acetosal dose of 360 mg/kgBW, the treatment group n-heksana fraction doses of 200, 350 and 500 mg/kgBW, while the toxicity test used negative CMC Na 0,5%, with the treatment group dose 5, 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kgBW. Analysis analgesic test data using the Hendersot and Forsaith equations for know the amount of stretching mice. Observation irritation gastric done by observation in makroskopis. While the toxicity test is done within 24 hours for calculated LD50 and make observations and Kruskal-Walli’s test in time 7 days to find out the delayed toxic effects. The results obtained the percent of the analgesic of the n-heksana fraction by 37.86%, 55.78% and 70.9% and LD50 values of 5000 mg/kgBW with the results observations made no significant difference (p>0.05). This research conclusion was the n-hexana fraction trembesi leaves having an analgesic doses activity with effective 350 mg/kgBW with a 55,78% analgetika potential and a toxic effect are categorized as toxic mild and there is no on the irritation. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45493231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3802
Sari Sumarni, Asman Sadino, S. Sumiwi
Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is known as a plant that is often used as a tree to absorb air pollution and shade on the roadside. Low economic value and public knowledge about the benefits of cherry as a medicinal and food ingredient is still minimal. The part that can be used as a medicinal ingredient comes from cherry leaves. The purpose of this review article is to provide information related to the chemical content and pharmacological activity of cherry leaves that can treat various diseases. The method used in making this article review is a literature study. The literature sources in this article review were obtained from national journals and international journals published in the last 10 years (2010-2020), which were carried out online through the search engines Google Scholar, Pubmed, and NCBI, using the keywords "Kersen leaves", "Activities cherry leaf”, “Pharmacological activity of Muntingia calabura”, “Chemical content of cherry leaf”, “Muntingia calabura L.”. Journals that enter the inclusion criteria are national and international journals that discuss the pharmacological activity and chemical content of cherry leaves, journals published in the last 10 years (2010-2020), and journals in full text. The chemical constituents contained in cherry leaves are flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Cherry leaves are scientifically proven to have several pharmacological activities as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory.
{"title":"LITERATURE REVIEW: CHEMICAL CONTENT AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF KERSEN LEAF (Muntingia calabura L.)","authors":"Sari Sumarni, Asman Sadino, S. Sumiwi","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.3802","url":null,"abstract":" Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is known as a plant that is often used as a tree to absorb air pollution and shade on the roadside. Low economic value and public knowledge about the benefits of cherry as a medicinal and food ingredient is still minimal. The part that can be used as a medicinal ingredient comes from cherry leaves. The purpose of this review article is to provide information related to the chemical content and pharmacological activity of cherry leaves that can treat various diseases. The method used in making this article review is a literature study. The literature sources in this article review were obtained from national journals and international journals published in the last 10 years (2010-2020), which were carried out online through the search engines Google Scholar, Pubmed, and NCBI, using the keywords \"Kersen leaves\", \"Activities cherry leaf”, “Pharmacological activity of Muntingia calabura”, “Chemical content of cherry leaf”, “Muntingia calabura L.”. Journals that enter the inclusion criteria are national and international journals that discuss the pharmacological activity and chemical content of cherry leaves, journals published in the last 10 years (2010-2020), and journals in full text. The chemical constituents contained in cherry leaves are flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Cherry leaves are scientifically proven to have several pharmacological activities as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48833218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5497
D. Permatasari, Rini Setyowati, Muladi Putra Mahardika
Analgesic drugs are often added illegally in rheumatic pain traditional medicine. Paracetamol is one of chemical drugs that have a large possibillity to be added in rheumatic pain traditional medicine. The aims this research were to know paracetamol and concentration of paracetamol in rheumatic pain traditional medicine in Borobudur District. This research is experimental research, the analysis data were used microsoft excel and linear regression. Qualitative analysis method using organoleptic test to description the sample, TLC test to evaluation Rf value and FTIR test for characterization. Quantitative analysis method using LC-MS test to know the paracetamol concentration contained on the rheumatic pain traditional medicine. Organoleptic test the results show description the shape, color, smell and taste of sample A, B and C. The results of the TLC evaluation showed sample A and B were positive, indicated by a purple spot and the Rf value of the sample was exactly same compared to Rf value of standard paracetamol, while sample C is negative. The result of the FTIR spectra showed that sample A and B have same functional group as the standard paracetamol, while sample C showed none. LC-MS test results after calculating the concentration in samples A and C the concentration was obtained < 4,4 μg/kg below the Detection Limit (LoD): 4,4 μg/kg, while sample B the concentration was obtained 2,22%. Based on the results of all three samples tested, the sample A and sample B were positively contaminated by chemical medicine paracetamol while sample C were negative.
{"title":"QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARACETAMOL CONTAMINATION IN RHEUMATIC PAIN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE","authors":"D. Permatasari, Rini Setyowati, Muladi Putra Mahardika","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v8i1.5497","url":null,"abstract":"Analgesic drugs are often added illegally in rheumatic pain traditional medicine. Paracetamol is one of chemical drugs that have a large possibillity to be added in rheumatic pain traditional medicine. The aims this research were to know paracetamol and concentration of paracetamol in rheumatic pain traditional medicine in Borobudur District. This research is experimental research, the analysis data were used microsoft excel and linear regression. Qualitative analysis method using organoleptic test to description the sample, TLC test to evaluation Rf value and FTIR test for characterization. Quantitative analysis method using LC-MS test to know the paracetamol concentration contained on the rheumatic pain traditional medicine. Organoleptic test the results show description the shape, color, smell and taste of sample A, B and C. The results of the TLC evaluation showed sample A and B were positive, indicated by a purple spot and the Rf value of the sample was exactly same compared to Rf value of standard paracetamol, while sample C is negative. The result of the FTIR spectra showed that sample A and B have same functional group as the standard paracetamol, while sample C showed none. LC-MS test results after calculating the concentration in samples A and C the concentration was obtained < 4,4 μg/kg below the Detection Limit (LoD): 4,4 μg/kg, while sample B the concentration was obtained 2,22%. Based on the results of all three samples tested, the sample A and sample B were positively contaminated by chemical medicine paracetamol while sample C were negative. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46637520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6113
F. Malik, M. Malaka, A. Fristiohady, W. _, Rini Hamsid, S. _, Annisa Fatinah Gani
Breast cancer is a type of cancer with a high prevalence in the world and causes death in women. Chemotherapy is one type of treatment that is widely used. However, the problems of chemotherapy drugs such as side effects, drug resistance and inadequate efficacy. So, to overcome these problems, many natural ingredients have been explored to find anticancer agents that are expected to have good efficacy with minor side effects. Kasumba turate flowers (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) is a plant from the Asteraceae tribe which is known to contain secondary metabolites with pharmacological activity as anticancer. This study aims to determine the types of secondary metabolites and the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of Kasumba turate flower against the T47D breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay method. Kasumba turate flower extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, so that a concentrated extract with a weight of 107.8 grams was obtained with a yield value of 10.81%. The extract obtained was then subjected to a phytochemical screening test using the tube method and the results are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. In the cytotoxic activity test, the test samples were varied into 7 concentration series, namely 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm. The positive control used was 5-Fu. Cytotoxic parameter (IC50 value) was determined using GraphPad Prism and obtained IC50 5-Fu value of 65.88 ppm with active category while IC50 of the test sample was 157.3 with moderately active category as anticancer breast
{"title":"CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF KASUMBA FLOWER ETHANOL EXTRACT TURATE (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) AGAINST THE LINE OF CANCER CELLS T47D BREASTS","authors":"F. Malik, M. Malaka, A. Fristiohady, W. _, Rini Hamsid, S. _, Annisa Fatinah Gani","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Breast cancer is a type of cancer with a high prevalence in the world and causes death in women. Chemotherapy is one type of treatment that is widely used. However, the problems of chemotherapy drugs such as side effects, drug resistance and inadequate efficacy. So, to overcome these problems, many natural ingredients have been explored to find anticancer agents that are expected to have good efficacy with minor side effects. Kasumba turate flowers (Carthamus tinctorius Linn.) is a plant from the Asteraceae tribe which is known to contain secondary metabolites with pharmacological activity as anticancer. This study aims to determine the types of secondary metabolites and the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of Kasumba turate flower against the T47D breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay method. Kasumba turate flower extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, so that a concentrated extract with a weight of 107.8 grams was obtained with a yield value of 10.81%. The extract obtained was then subjected to a phytochemical screening test using the tube method and the results are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. In the cytotoxic activity test, the test samples were varied into 7 concentration series, namely 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 ppm. The positive control used was 5-Fu. Cytotoxic parameter (IC50 value) was determined using GraphPad Prism and obtained IC50 5-Fu value of 65.88 ppm with active category while IC50 of the test sample was 157.3 with moderately active category as anticancer breast \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) contains flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. However, its hydrophilic characteristics cause poor penetration so that its bioavailability is low. Research had been carried out on the preparation of ethanol extract of cherry leaves in ethosomal vesicle carriers. This study aimed to obtain the optimal phytosome suspension formula. Methods: Sample extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent and was delipidated was by liquid-liquid method with n-hexane. The characterization of the extract included organoleptic, water-soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, water content, ash content, acid insoluble ash content, and residual solvent. flavonoid contents were carried out by the TLC method and antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method. Phytosome preparation was prepared by solvent evaporation and thin film hidration with ratio of extract and phosphatidylcholine 1:1 with concentration of 0.5% (A); 1% (B); and 1.5% (C). The characterization included observing morphology of vesicles using optical microscope, determining the size distribution of vesicles using PSA, and calculating the sorption efficiency using a spectrophotometer at max 281 nm. Results: The characteristics of extract were dark green; thick; distinctive aroma; ethanol soluble content were 70.91%; water soluble content were 32.5%; water content were 1.19%; ash content were 1.25%; acid insoluble ash content were 0.49%; and the remaining solvent was 0. The identification of flavonoids showed positive results. The extract has flavonoids and strong antioxidant activity with 62.71 g/mL for IC50. The shape is single layer large vesicle (LUV), diameter was 445.7 nm (A); 420.7 nm (B); and 419.6 nm (C). Vesicle entrapment efficiency was 5.83% (A); 47.575% (B); and 68.81% (C). It can be concluded that the optimal phytosome suspension formula is C with 1.5% phosphatidylcholine and 1.5% of extract.
{"title":"PREPARATION OF PHYTOSOME OF KERSEN LEAVES (Muntingia calabura L.) ETHANOL EXRTACT AS ANTIOXIDANT","authors":"Nur illiyyin Akib, Nabila Saraswati Hendra, Andi Eka Purnama Putri, Indradewi Armadhani, Andi Nafisah Tendri Adjeng, Rifa’atul Mahmudah","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6206","url":null,"abstract":"Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) contains flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. However, its hydrophilic characteristics cause poor penetration so that its bioavailability is low. Research had been carried out on the preparation of ethanol extract of cherry leaves in ethosomal vesicle carriers. This study aimed to obtain the optimal phytosome suspension formula. Methods: Sample extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol as a solvent and was delipidated was by liquid-liquid method with n-hexane. The characterization of the extract included organoleptic, water-soluble extract content, ethanol soluble extract content, water content, ash content, acid insoluble ash content, and residual solvent. flavonoid contents were carried out by the TLC method and antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method. Phytosome preparation was prepared by solvent evaporation and thin film hidration with ratio of extract and phosphatidylcholine 1:1 with concentration of 0.5% (A); 1% (B); and 1.5% (C). The characterization included observing morphology of vesicles using optical microscope, determining the size distribution of vesicles using PSA, and calculating the sorption efficiency using a spectrophotometer at max 281 nm. Results: The characteristics of extract were dark green; thick; distinctive aroma; ethanol soluble content were 70.91%; water soluble content were 32.5%; water content were 1.19%; ash content were 1.25%; acid insoluble ash content were 0.49%; and the remaining solvent was 0. The identification of flavonoids showed positive results. The extract has flavonoids and strong antioxidant activity with 62.71 g/mL for IC50. The shape is single layer large vesicle (LUV), diameter was 445.7 nm (A); 420.7 nm (B); and 419.6 nm (C). Vesicle entrapment efficiency was 5.83% (A); 47.575% (B); and 68.81% (C). It can be concluded that the optimal phytosome suspension formula is C with 1.5% phosphatidylcholine and 1.5% of extract.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49273672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6128
Asniar Pascayantri, Mini Bekti Ningsih, B. Sadarun, M. Malaka, A. Fristiohady, F. Malik, S. I
Breast cancer is increasing as the constraints of side effects, drug-resistant, and high medical costs. Indonesia has a variety of marine biotas that can be explored. The sponge is one of the marines biotas that had potential candidates for anticancer compounds. The secondary metabolites of sponge such as steroids, alkaloids, polyketides, terpenoids, and polyacetylenes have pharmacology effects as anti-inflammation, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activity. The study is aimed to determine the secondary metabolite of Petrosian sp. ethanol extract and the cytotoxic activity at the T47D cell line of breast cancer. The ethanol extract of Petrosian sp. is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol as a solvent. Extract weight is obtained 274.7 grams with a 2.94% yield of values. Cytotoxicity assay was using MTT methods with IC50 parameters by using software GraphPad prism version 5. Secondary metabolites of Petrosian sp. ethanol extract showing alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The possible compound that showed anticancer activity is spinasterol. Cytotoxicity activities of Petrosian sp. ethanol extracts showing IC50 values at 78.13 ppm and IC50 values at 65.88 ppm on positive control. These results proved cytotoxicity activities had moderate cytotoxicity.
{"title":"IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY OF Petrosia sp. ETHANOL EXTRACT BY USING MTT METHOD OF T47D BREAST CANCER CELL LINE","authors":"Asniar Pascayantri, Mini Bekti Ningsih, B. Sadarun, M. Malaka, A. Fristiohady, F. Malik, S. I","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.6128","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is increasing as the constraints of side effects, drug-resistant, and high medical costs. Indonesia has a variety of marine biotas that can be explored. The sponge is one of the marines biotas that had potential candidates for anticancer compounds. The secondary metabolites of sponge such as steroids, alkaloids, polyketides, terpenoids, and polyacetylenes have pharmacology effects as anti-inflammation, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activity. The study is aimed to determine the secondary metabolite of Petrosian sp. ethanol extract and the cytotoxic activity at the T47D cell line of breast cancer. The ethanol extract of Petrosian sp. is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol as a solvent. Extract weight is obtained 274.7 grams with a 2.94% yield of values. Cytotoxicity assay was using MTT methods with IC50 parameters by using software GraphPad prism version 5. Secondary metabolites of Petrosian sp. ethanol extract showing alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The possible compound that showed anticancer activity is spinasterol. Cytotoxicity activities of Petrosian sp. ethanol extracts showing IC50 values at 78.13 ppm and IC50 values at 65.88 ppm on positive control. These results proved cytotoxicity activities had moderate cytotoxicity. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-11DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.5190
I. Y. Kusuma
Schizophrenia is a disorder of strange and disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate influences, and disorders of psychosocial functioning. One of the management of schizophrenia therapy is the administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs, namely clozapine. Clozapine is an antagonist of serotonin (5-HT2) and dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors. However, the risk of using clozapine provides a risk of side effects in the form of metabolic syndromes such as impaired blood glucose regulation and disorders of blood elements such as leukocytes and platelets. This study aims to determine the effect of using clozapine on blood glucose, leukocyte, and platelet levels in schizophrenia patients at Banyumas General Hospital. This research method was carried out by cross-sectional study in outpatient schizophrenia at Banyumas General Hospital who received clozapine therapy and had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, taken by consecutive sampling, then examined blood glucose levels, leukocyte counts, and platelet counts before and after giving clozapine therapy. Samples were taken on day 1 and day 10 of drug use. Paired t-test statistical analysis was used to see the effect of using clozapine on glucose, leucocyte, and platelet levels. In the T-test, it was found that there was a relationship between the use of clozapine on the patient's blood glucose levels, the use of clozapine did not have a significant effect on the increase in leukocyte levels and there was also a relationship between the use of clozapine and the patient's platelet levels. The results showed that the patient had an increase in blood glucose levels by a percentage (100%), the patient had leukopenia by a percentage (63.5%), the patient had thrombocytopenia by a percentage (75%), while the other patients had thrombocytosis. Patients with hyperglycemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were those who used clozapine> 12 months
{"title":"THE CLOZAPINE EFFECT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS, LEUKOCYTES AND PLATELETS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS IN THE MENTAL SERVICE UNIT OF BANYUMAS HOSPITAL","authors":"I. Y. Kusuma","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.5190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v0i0.5190","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a disorder of strange and disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate influences, and disorders of psychosocial functioning. One of the management of schizophrenia therapy is the administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs, namely clozapine. Clozapine is an antagonist of serotonin (5-HT2) and dopamine type 2 (D2) receptors. However, the risk of using clozapine provides a risk of side effects in the form of metabolic syndromes such as impaired blood glucose regulation and disorders of blood elements such as leukocytes and platelets. This study aims to determine the effect of using clozapine on blood glucose, leukocyte, and platelet levels in schizophrenia patients at Banyumas General Hospital. This research method was carried out by cross-sectional study in outpatient schizophrenia at Banyumas General Hospital who received clozapine therapy and had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, taken by consecutive sampling, then examined blood glucose levels, leukocyte counts, and platelet counts before and after giving clozapine therapy. Samples were taken on day 1 and day 10 of drug use. Paired t-test statistical analysis was used to see the effect of using clozapine on glucose, leucocyte, and platelet levels. In the T-test, it was found that there was a relationship between the use of clozapine on the patient's blood glucose levels, the use of clozapine did not have a significant effect on the increase in leukocyte levels and there was also a relationship between the use of clozapine and the patient's platelet levels. The results showed that the patient had an increase in blood glucose levels by a percentage (100%), the patient had leukopenia by a percentage (63.5%), the patient had thrombocytopenia by a percentage (75%), while the other patients had thrombocytosis. Patients with hyperglycemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia were those who used clozapine> 12 months","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42015762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v7i3.6121
M. Bafadal, Wa Ode Mutiara, M. Malaka, A. Fristiohady, A. W. M. Yodha, B. Sadarun, Sahidin Sahidin
Cervical cancer is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesian women caused by mutations of normal cervical cells turning into abnormal cells. Treatment of cervical cancer causes significant side effects with a relatively long treatment period, so many researchers are exploring various natural ingredients from marine ecosystems as candidates for anticancer drugs. One of them is the sea sponge Petrosia sp. containing various secondary metabolites, one of which is an alkaloid that has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and obtained extract as much as 55.9 g and yield value of 2.94%. Cytotoxic activity test was carried out in vitro using the Presto Blue method with varying concentrations of ethanol extract 7.81 ppm; 15.62 ppm; 31.25 ppm; 62.5 ppm; 125 ppm; 250 ppm; 500 ppm; and 1000 ppm. The cytotoxic parameter used was IC50 which was determined using the GraphPad Prism software version 5. The IC50 value of the marine sponge extract Petrosia sp. of 97.20 ppm or 97.20 g/ml with an active category as cervical anticancer. Cervical cancer is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesian women caused by mutations of normal cervical cells turning into abnormal cells. Treatment of cervical cancer causes significant side effects with a relatively long treatment period, so many researchers are exploring various natural ingredients from marine ecosystems as candidates for anticancer drugs. One of them is the sea sponge Petrosia sp. containing various secondary metabolites, one of which is an alkaloid that has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and obtained extract as much as 55.9 g and yield value of 2.94%. Cytotoxic activity test was carried out in vitro using the Presto Blue method with varying concentrations of ethanol extract 7.81 ppm; 15.62 ppm; 31.25 ppm; 62.5 ppm; 125 ppm; 250 ppm; 500 ppm; and 1000 ppm. The cytotoxic parameter used was IC50 which was determined using the GraphPad Prism software version 5. The IC50 value of the marine sponge extract Petrosia sp. of 97.20 ppm or 97.20 g/ml with an active category as cervical anticancer.
{"title":"CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT Petrosia sp. IN VITRO AGAINST CANCER CELLS HeLa","authors":"M. Bafadal, Wa Ode Mutiara, M. Malaka, A. Fristiohady, A. W. M. Yodha, B. Sadarun, Sahidin Sahidin","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v7i3.6121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v7i3.6121","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesian women caused by mutations of normal cervical cells turning into abnormal cells. Treatment of cervical cancer causes significant side effects with a relatively long treatment period, so many researchers are exploring various natural ingredients from marine ecosystems as candidates for anticancer drugs. One of them is the sea sponge Petrosia sp. containing various secondary metabolites, one of which is an alkaloid that has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and obtained extract as much as 55.9 g and yield value of 2.94%. Cytotoxic activity test was carried out in vitro using the Presto Blue method with varying concentrations of ethanol extract 7.81 ppm; 15.62 ppm; 31.25 ppm; 62.5 ppm; 125 ppm; 250 ppm; 500 ppm; and 1000 ppm. The cytotoxic parameter used was IC50 which was determined using the GraphPad Prism software version 5. The IC50 value of the marine sponge extract Petrosia sp. of 97.20 ppm or 97.20 g/ml with an active category as cervical anticancer. \u0000Cervical cancer is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesian women caused by mutations of normal cervical cells turning into abnormal cells. Treatment of cervical cancer causes significant side effects with a relatively long treatment period, so many researchers are exploring various natural ingredients from marine ecosystems as candidates for anticancer drugs. One of them is the sea sponge Petrosia sp. containing various secondary metabolites, one of which is an alkaloid that has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The ethanol extract of Petrosia sp. obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and obtained extract as much as 55.9 g and yield value of 2.94%. Cytotoxic activity test was carried out in vitro using the Presto Blue method with varying concentrations of ethanol extract 7.81 ppm; 15.62 ppm; 31.25 ppm; 62.5 ppm; 125 ppm; 250 ppm; 500 ppm; and 1000 ppm. The cytotoxic parameter used was IC50 which was determined using the GraphPad Prism software version 5. The IC50 value of the marine sponge extract Petrosia sp. of 97.20 ppm or 97.20 g/ml with an active category as cervical anticancer.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44502430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v1i1.6080
M. Malaka, Astrid Indalifiany, S. _, A. Fristiohady, Rina Andriani
Petrosia sp. is one of the sponges from the demospongia class that has biological activity as anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, cytotoxic agent, and can be used in nanoemulgel formulation. Nanoemulsion system is thermodynamically stable and produces globule size that can increase the permeability and diffusibility of Petrosia sp. The presence of gelling agent in the nanoemulgel gives the viscosity and spreadability of Petrosia sp nanoemulsion optimally to increase the effectiveness of the active substances on the skin. This study aims to determine the formulation, characterization, and physical stability of nanoemulgel ethanol extract of sponge Petrosia sp. with carbopol 940 as the gel base. Nanoemulsion characterization included transmittance value, particle size, polydispersity index, and type of emulsion formed. The physical stability test of nanoemulgel included centrifugation and freeze thaw tests with organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and dispersibility evaluation. Nanoemulsion of Petrosia sp ethanolic extract with a composition of 1% VCO, 7% Tween-80, and 2% PEG-400 produced an oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion, transmittance value of 94.84%, droplet size of 23.9 nm and particle size distribution of 0.176. The optimum formula for nanoemulgel is F1 with a nanoemulsion concentration of 75 mL and 25 g of gel base produced a clear and transparent nanoemulgel, semi-solid, soft texture, distinctive aroma, pH value of 5, viscosity of 28,000, dispersibility of 5.7 cm and the shape/color did not change after freeze thaw stability test. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the F1 nanoemulgel formula with carbopol 940 as the base gel produced an optimal nanoemulgel.
{"title":"FORMULATION AND PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST OF NANOEMULGEL CONTAINING Petrosia Sp. ETHANOLIC EXTRACT","authors":"M. Malaka, Astrid Indalifiany, S. _, A. Fristiohady, Rina Andriani","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v1i1.6080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v1i1.6080","url":null,"abstract":"Petrosia sp. is one of the sponges from the demospongia class that has biological activity as anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, cytotoxic agent, and can be used in nanoemulgel formulation. Nanoemulsion system is thermodynamically stable and produces globule size that can increase the permeability and diffusibility of Petrosia sp. The presence of gelling agent in the nanoemulgel gives the viscosity and spreadability of Petrosia sp nanoemulsion optimally to increase the effectiveness of the active substances on the skin. This study aims to determine the formulation, characterization, and physical stability of nanoemulgel ethanol extract of sponge Petrosia sp. with carbopol 940 as the gel base. Nanoemulsion characterization included transmittance value, particle size, polydispersity index, and type of emulsion formed. The physical stability test of nanoemulgel included centrifugation and freeze thaw tests with organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and dispersibility evaluation. Nanoemulsion of Petrosia sp ethanolic extract with a composition of 1% VCO, 7% Tween-80, and 2% PEG-400 produced an oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion, transmittance value of 94.84%, droplet size of 23.9 nm and particle size distribution of 0.176. The optimum formula for nanoemulgel is F1 with a nanoemulsion concentration of 75 mL and 25 g of gel base produced a clear and transparent nanoemulgel, semi-solid, soft texture, distinctive aroma, pH value of 5, viscosity of 28,000, dispersibility of 5.7 cm and the shape/color did not change after freeze thaw stability test. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the F1 nanoemulgel formula with carbopol 940 as the base gel produced an optimal nanoemulgel.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v1i1.6203
Christina Astutiningsih
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the plants from the Malvacea. The secondary metabolite compounds with quite large composition flavonoid compound that is able to provide pharmacological activity to lower blood sugar. This study aimed to isolate, identify find out the results of the inhibition test on the alpha amylase enzyme one of enzyme that affects blood sugar levels. Herein, the extraction was initially carried out using the remaceration method of okra fruit powder using 80% ethanol followed by fractionation process using n-hexane, ether, and ethyl acetate. The marker was isolated using the preparative TLC method with a silica gel and n-butanol:acetic acid : water (4:1:5) as stationary and mobile phases. The isolates were a yellow powder with a yield of 0.18% and a melting point of 307-309.5oC. TLC Densitometry was used to determine the Rf value and the spectral form of the standard quercetin and isolates wich are found to be identical. The isolate showed that quercetin compounds had the inhibitory power of the amylase enzyme by 49.74% compared to acarbose 58.90%. IC values, by quercetin isolates were8,358/ml and acarbose 7,598mg/ml and statistically, the t-group showed no significant differences.
{"title":"ISOLATION AND INHIBITION TEST OF QUERCETIN COMPOUND FROM OKRA FRUIT (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)","authors":"Christina Astutiningsih","doi":"10.31603/pharmacy.v1i1.6203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v1i1.6203","url":null,"abstract":"Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the plants from the Malvacea. The secondary metabolite compounds with quite large composition flavonoid compound that is able to provide pharmacological activity to lower blood sugar. This study aimed to isolate, identify find out the results of the inhibition test on the alpha amylase enzyme one of enzyme that affects blood sugar levels. Herein, the extraction was initially carried out using the remaceration method of okra fruit powder using 80% ethanol followed by fractionation process using n-hexane, ether, and ethyl acetate. The marker was isolated using the preparative TLC method with a silica gel and n-butanol:acetic acid : water (4:1:5) as stationary and mobile phases. The isolates were a yellow powder with a yield of 0.18% and a melting point of 307-309.5oC. TLC Densitometry was used to determine the Rf value and the spectral form of the standard quercetin and isolates wich are found to be identical. The isolate showed that quercetin compounds had the inhibitory power of the amylase enzyme by 49.74% compared to acarbose 58.90%. IC values, by quercetin isolates were8,358/ml and acarbose 7,598mg/ml and statistically, the t-group showed no significant differences.","PeriodicalId":17722,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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