This article explains the problems that occur between Sunni and Shi'a schools starting after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. History records that there has been a prolonged conflict which is motivated by political conflict, ideological conflict, paradigm conflict and thought which are factors that hamper reconciliation efforts, given the existence of very painful past events between the two streams. For Shiites, the story of discrimination experienced by Ali ibn Abi Talib until the tragedy of Karbala with the killing of Husein the Prophet's grandson and the story of the Ahlul Bait pain became a very painful social memory. For Sunnis, insults, insults, curses and disbelief aimed at the main Companions of Abubakar, Umar, Uthman and the wife of Rasulullah Aisyah Al-Kubra became the main cause of disharmony in relations between Sunnis and Shiites. Disharmonization has also impacted on relations between countries in the Middle East who competed for influence in the Gulf until now after the Arab Spring.
{"title":"ARAB SUNNI DAN IRAN SYI`AH KONTEMPORER :\u0000KONFLIK ATAU PERSAINGAN?","authors":"","doi":"10.47625/fitua.v1i1.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v1i1.228","url":null,"abstract":"This article explains the problems that occur between Sunni and Shi'a schools starting after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. History records that there has been a prolonged conflict which is motivated by political conflict, ideological conflict, paradigm conflict and thought which are factors that hamper reconciliation efforts, given the existence of very painful past events between the two streams. For Shiites, the story of discrimination experienced by Ali ibn Abi Talib until the tragedy of Karbala with the killing of Husein the Prophet's grandson and the story of the Ahlul Bait pain became a very painful social memory. For Sunnis, insults, insults, curses and disbelief aimed at the main Companions of Abubakar, Umar, Uthman and the wife of Rasulullah Aisyah Al-Kubra became the main cause of disharmony in relations between Sunnis and Shiites. Disharmonization has also impacted on relations between countries in the Middle East who competed for influence in the Gulf until now after the Arab Spring.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76336576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imam Mahdi is believed by both Sunni and Shiite Muslims to be present at the end of time. This belief is reinforced by the Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. But they differed in their views regarding the figure of Imam Mahdi al-Muntadhar. Even among Sunnis and Shiites themselves have a variety of views. Among Sunnis there are three opinions about the Mahdi. First, Imam Mahdi comes from the descendants of Fatimah az-Zahra, whose name is the same as the name of the Prophet Muhammad. and the name of his father is the same as the name of his father the Prophet Muhammad, namely Abdullah. Secondly, Imam Mahdi is only a figure of a savior of human life. Thus, he does not have to come from the descendants of Fatimah az-Zahra, but a Muslim. Third, Imam Mahdi is not an individual figure but a symbol of the triumph of truth over evil or the triumph of justice over injustice. This assumption is widely held by modern thinkers. Among the Shiites there are also three opinions regarding the figure of the Mahdi. First, the Kaisaniyah class who considered Muhammad bin Hanafiah, the son of Ali bin Abi Talib as Imam Mahdi. Secondly, the Shia Isma'iliyah as-Sab'iyah (Shia Seven Imams) claims Isma'il bin Ja'far as-Sadiq as the Mahdi Imam. Third, the twelve Shi'ites or the Imamiyah Shiites consider the Mahdi priest to be the twelfth imam named Muhammad bin Hasan al-Mahdi. His father's name was Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-'Askari bin Imam Ali al-Hadi bin Imam Muhammad al-Jawad bin Imam Ali Ar-Ridha bin Imam Musa al-Kadzim bin Imam Ja'far Ash-Shodiq bin Imam Muhammad al-Baqir bin Imam Ali Zainal Abidin bin Imam al-Husain bin Imam Ali bin Abi Talib as. His mother was Nargis who was a spokesman.
逊尼派和什叶派穆斯林都相信伊玛目马赫迪会在世界末日出现。这种信念被古兰经和先知穆罕默德的圣训所强化。但他们对伊玛目马赫迪·蒙塔达尔的形象有不同的看法。甚至在逊尼派和什叶派内部也有不同的观点。逊尼派对马赫迪有三种看法。首先，伊玛目马赫迪来自法蒂玛的后裔，法蒂玛的名字与先知穆罕默德的名字相同。他父亲的名字和他父亲先知穆罕默德的名字一样，也就是阿卜杜拉。其次，伊玛目马赫迪只是一个拯救人类生命的人物。因此，他不必来自法蒂玛·扎赫拉的后裔，而是一个穆斯林。第三，伊玛目马赫迪不是一个个人人物，而是真理战胜邪恶或正义战胜不公正的象征。这一假设被现代思想家广泛接受。什叶派内部对马赫迪的形象也有三种看法。首先是凯萨尼派，他们认为阿里·本·阿比·塔利布的儿子穆罕默德·本·哈纳菲亚是伊玛目马赫迪。第二，什叶派七伊玛目宣称Isma'il bin Ja'far - sadiq为马赫迪伊玛目。第三，十二名什叶派或伊玛目什叶派认为马赫迪牧师是第十二名伊玛目，名叫穆罕默德·本·哈桑·马赫迪。他父亲的名字是穆罕默德·本·哈桑·阿斯卡里·本·伊玛目阿里·哈迪·本·伊玛目穆罕默德·贾瓦德·本·伊玛目阿里·阿里·里达·本·伊玛目穆萨·卡齐姆·本·伊玛目贾法·阿什·索迪克·本·伊玛目穆罕默德·巴克尔·本·伊玛目阿里·扎纳尔·阿比丁·本·伊玛目阿里·本·阿比·阿里·本·阿比·塔利布亚斯。他的母亲纳尔吉斯是一位发言人。
{"title":"AL-IMAM AL-MAHDI AL-MUNTADHAR \u0000PERSPEKTIF SUNNI SYI’AH","authors":"","doi":"10.47625/fitua.v1i1.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v1i1.231","url":null,"abstract":"Imam Mahdi is believed by both Sunni and Shiite Muslims to be present at the end of time. This belief is reinforced by the Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. But they differed in their views regarding the figure of Imam Mahdi al-Muntadhar. Even among Sunnis and Shiites themselves have a variety of views. Among Sunnis there are three opinions about the Mahdi. First, Imam Mahdi comes from the descendants of Fatimah az-Zahra, whose name is the same as the name of the Prophet Muhammad. and the name of his father is the same as the name of his father the Prophet Muhammad, namely Abdullah. Secondly, Imam Mahdi is only a figure of a savior of human life. Thus, he does not have to come from the descendants of Fatimah az-Zahra, but a Muslim. Third, Imam Mahdi is not an individual figure but a symbol of the triumph of truth over evil or the triumph of justice over injustice. This assumption is widely held by modern thinkers. Among the Shiites there are also three opinions regarding the figure of the Mahdi. First, the Kaisaniyah class who considered Muhammad bin Hanafiah, the son of Ali bin Abi Talib as Imam Mahdi. Secondly, the Shia Isma'iliyah as-Sab'iyah (Shia Seven Imams) claims Isma'il bin Ja'far as-Sadiq as the Mahdi Imam. Third, the twelve Shi'ites or the Imamiyah Shiites consider the Mahdi priest to be the twelfth imam named Muhammad bin Hasan al-Mahdi. His father's name was Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-'Askari bin Imam Ali al-Hadi bin Imam Muhammad al-Jawad bin Imam Ali Ar-Ridha bin Imam Musa al-Kadzim bin Imam Ja'far Ash-Shodiq bin Imam Muhammad al-Baqir bin Imam Ali Zainal Abidin bin Imam al-Husain bin Imam Ali bin Abi Talib as. His mother was Nargis who was a spokesman.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83563238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the traditions and traditions of traditions through the narration of Ahmad Bin Hanbal, it is found that the quality of traditions in terms of quality and traditions is authentic. and In the proposition of men and women who dreamed wet and then issued a semen, then he must take a shower. Conversely, if you do not issue semen, then you are not obliged to take a shower, because the reference for the bath is the discharge of the semen, not the dream. And if understanding and practicing the argument about compulsory bathing for women who have a wet dream will get a reward because Mandi Junub according to Shari'a is an obligation as the Word of the Prophet Muhammad, narrated by Abu Malik Al Asy'ari. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: Purification is part of faith (Narrated by Muslim) "Sanctity (cleanliness) is part of faith. while carrying out religious orders correctly according to the rules of Allah swt. which is contained in the Al-Qur'an and As-sunnah is given reward reward.
{"title":"KAJIAN MATAN DAN SYARAH HADIS TENTANG WAJIB MANDI BAGI PEREMPUAN YANG MIMPI BASAH","authors":"A. Fatimah","doi":"10.47625/fitua.v1i1/225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v1i1/225","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the traditions and traditions of traditions through the narration of Ahmad Bin Hanbal, it is found that the quality of traditions in terms of quality and traditions is authentic. and In the proposition of men and women who dreamed wet and then issued a semen, then he must take a shower. Conversely, if you do not issue semen, then you are not obliged to take a shower, because the reference for the bath is the discharge of the semen, not the dream. And if understanding and practicing the argument about compulsory bathing for women who have a wet dream will get a reward because Mandi Junub according to Shari'a is an obligation as the Word of the Prophet Muhammad, narrated by Abu Malik Al Asy'ari. The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: Purification is part of faith (Narrated by Muslim) \"Sanctity (cleanliness) is part of faith. while carrying out religious orders correctly according to the rules of Allah swt. which is contained in the Al-Qur'an and As-sunnah is given reward reward.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85656155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0085
L. Gadallah, M. A. E. El-Ghadban, A. Soliman, H. Mehasen, M. S. Abbas
Salinity limits crop metabolic activities, hampers plant growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites affecting the osmotic potential in the root zone of plants. The present investigation was carried out to improve the aromatic oil of geranium plants productivity using saline water at alternative irrigations with good quality water. The field experiment was carried out using saline water (3.125, 4.69, 6.25dSm -1 and tap water), moringa extract (2.5, 5 and 10 gL -1 ), ascorbic acid (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 gL -1 ) and proline (25, 50 and 100 mgL -1 ) as a foliar application. The obtained data illustrated that, the yields of essential oil per hectare were maximum when tap water combined with10gL -1 of moringa extract. The results showed that Moring extract as foliar application at 10 g L -1 improved that the plant growth following 0.3 g L -1 .It can be concluded that the utilization of moringa extracts as foliar spray to avoid the salt stress, following vitamin C protected well cells and elongated the roots. The present results are very useful for a farmer in the newly reclaimed areas who face the limited saline irrigation water resources because moringa extracts have a positive effect on vegetative growth and chemical contents of economic plant.
盐度限制了作物的代谢活动，阻碍了植物生长和次生代谢物的合成，影响植物根区渗透势。研究了在优质水交替灌溉条件下，利用盐水提高天竺葵芳香油产量的方法。田间试验采用生理盐水(3.125、4.69、6.25dSm -1和自来水)、辣木提取物(2.5、5和10 gL -1)、抗坏血酸(0.1、0.2和0.3 gL -1)和脯氨酸(25、50和100 mg -1)作为叶面施用。所得数据表明，当自来水与10gl -1辣木提取物混合时，每公顷精油产量最大。结果表明，10 g L -1喷施辣木提取物对0.3 g L -1喷施辣木提取物的植株生长有明显的促进作用，说明利用辣木提取物可以避免盐胁迫，维生素C可以很好地保护细胞，延长根系。辣木提取物对经济植物的营养生长和化学成分有积极的影响，对面临盐渍灌溉水资源有限的新垦区农民具有重要的参考价值。
{"title":"EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATIONOF ANTI SALINITY SUBSTANCES ON GERANIUM (Pelargonium graveolens) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS","authors":"L. Gadallah, M. A. E. El-Ghadban, A. Soliman, H. Mehasen, M. S. Abbas","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0085","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity limits crop metabolic activities, hampers plant growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites affecting the osmotic potential in the root zone of plants. The present investigation was carried out to improve the aromatic oil of geranium plants productivity using saline water at alternative irrigations with good quality water. The field experiment was carried out using saline water (3.125, 4.69, 6.25dSm -1 and tap water), moringa extract (2.5, 5 and 10 gL -1 ), ascorbic acid (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 gL -1 ) and proline (25, 50 and 100 mgL -1 ) as a foliar application. The obtained data illustrated that, the yields of essential oil per hectare were maximum when tap water combined with10gL -1 of moringa extract. The results showed that Moring extract as foliar application at 10 g L -1 improved that the plant growth following 0.3 g L -1 .It can be concluded that the utilization of moringa extracts as foliar spray to avoid the salt stress, following vitamin C protected well cells and elongated the roots. The present results are very useful for a farmer in the newly reclaimed areas who face the limited saline irrigation water resources because moringa extracts have a positive effect on vegetative growth and chemical contents of economic plant.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77077822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0081
M. Sajjad, Z. Sarwar, M. Binyameen, M. Qasim, M. Bashir
The family Noctuidae has most important insect pests which damage the cereal and cash crops. For proper identification and classification of these insect pests, taxonomy plays a vital role form successful management strategy. In the present study, several diagnostic characteristics were examined but typically concentration was made on genitalia for the proper identification of species. Specimens were dissected carefully and genitalia were examined under Stereo microscope. As a result, Agrotis hirsutumus is new to science and the first time described from Pakistan. Agrotis species which have been reported from Pakistan are also included in the key.
{"title":"A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS AGROTIS OCHSENHEIMER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Sajjad, Z. Sarwar, M. Binyameen, M. Qasim, M. Bashir","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0081","url":null,"abstract":"The family Noctuidae has most important insect pests which damage the cereal and cash crops. For proper identification and classification of these insect pests, taxonomy plays a vital role form successful management strategy. In the present study, several diagnostic characteristics were examined but typically concentration was made on genitalia for the proper identification of species. Specimens were dissected carefully and genitalia were examined under Stereo microscope. As a result, Agrotis hirsutumus is new to science and the first time described from Pakistan. Agrotis species which have been reported from Pakistan are also included in the key.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91366858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0088
Adil Jamal, M. N. Shahid, B. Aftab, A. Johargy, M. S. Alshmemri, B. Rashid, T. Husnain
Cotton is an important economic fibre crop. Seasonal water shortages and long term water deficit can effect cotton yield. Current study aimed to explore the cotton root transcriptome under drought stress. mRNA extracted from cotton roots subjected to osmotic stress treatment (5% gravimetric humidity) was used to construct cDNA library. Expressed sequence tags submitted to gene bank EST database (JK757087-JK757798) further annotated to predict the homology and function. Total 104 transcripts with an E-value less than 1e -33 revealed 82 (78.84%) known homologs and 22 (21.15%) with uncharacterized proteins. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis of these drought responsive ESTs elucidated their key role in biological regulation, molecular functions and cellular organelles. Expression pattern of 10 unigenes were validated by RT-qPCR in roots and leaves. These unigenes included WD repeat, FRIGIDA, peroxidase, E3 ubiquitin ligase, U-box domain, RNA binding, calcyclin binding, Glutathione S transferase, endochitinase and metallothionine like protein. cDNA library was successfully constructed from cotton roots and revealed several key drought responsive transcripts. Novel sequences identified in this study can be valuable resource for further exploration studies to exploit their role in genomics of drought responsive mechanism.
{"title":"ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF PUTATIVE DROUGHT RESPONSIVE EXPRESSED SEQUENCED TAGS FROM GOSSYPIUM ARBOREUM ROOTS","authors":"Adil Jamal, M. N. Shahid, B. Aftab, A. Johargy, M. S. Alshmemri, B. Rashid, T. Husnain","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0088","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton is an important economic fibre crop. Seasonal water shortages and long term water deficit can effect cotton yield. Current study aimed to explore the cotton root transcriptome under drought stress. mRNA extracted from cotton roots subjected to osmotic stress treatment (5% gravimetric humidity) was used to construct cDNA library. Expressed sequence tags submitted to gene bank EST database (JK757087-JK757798) further annotated to predict the homology and function. Total 104 transcripts with an E-value less than 1e -33 revealed 82 (78.84%) known homologs and 22 (21.15%) with uncharacterized proteins. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis of these drought responsive ESTs elucidated their key role in biological regulation, molecular functions and cellular organelles. Expression pattern of 10 unigenes were validated by RT-qPCR in roots and leaves. These unigenes included WD repeat, FRIGIDA, peroxidase, E3 ubiquitin ligase, U-box domain, RNA binding, calcyclin binding, Glutathione S transferase, endochitinase and metallothionine like protein. cDNA library was successfully constructed from cotton roots and revealed several key drought responsive transcripts. Novel sequences identified in this study can be valuable resource for further exploration studies to exploit their role in genomics of drought responsive mechanism.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0076
M. Andonova
The еffect of Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) on serum amyloid A (SAA) and free sialic acid (SA) were investigated in dogs. The animals were divided into three groups: healthy dogs (Group I; n=5), dogs infected subcutaneously with 1×108 CFU/mL field P. aeruginosa culture (Group II; n=5) and infected dogs treated with feverfew (90 mg standardised extract, 0.7% parthenolide) (Group III; n=5). Oral phytopreparation (2 capsules daily) intake began from post infection hour 4 and lasted 6 days. SAA concentrations increased insignificantly in infected dogs (16 mg/L) while infected dogs treated with feverfew exhibited more than 100-fold increase between post infection hours 24–72 vs Group II. Substantial differences (p<0.01) were identified vs Groups I and II at post infection hour 4, 48 and 72, but one day after feverfew discontinuation (day 7), they were not found out. Serum SA was low in controls (1.65–2.3 mmol/L) increasing by hour 72 in Groups II and III (p<0.01) to 2.8 and 3.49 mmol/L respectively. Positive correlation between both studied markers was present only in infected dogs receiving feverfew (Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation=0.410, P=0.0086, n=40). Tanacetum parthenium is reported to have medicinal activity in our canine skin infection model.
{"title":"EFFECT OF Tanacetum parthenium ON SERUM AMYLOID A AND SIALIC ACID IN DOGS WITH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA SKIN INFECTION","authors":"M. Andonova","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0076","url":null,"abstract":"The еffect of Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) on serum amyloid A (SAA) and free sialic acid (SA) were investigated in dogs. The animals were divided into three groups: healthy dogs (Group I; n=5), dogs infected subcutaneously with 1×108 CFU/mL field P. aeruginosa culture (Group II; n=5) and infected dogs treated with feverfew (90 mg standardised extract, 0.7% parthenolide) (Group III; n=5). Oral phytopreparation (2 capsules daily) intake began from post infection hour 4 and lasted 6 days. SAA concentrations increased insignificantly in infected dogs (16 mg/L) while infected dogs treated with feverfew exhibited more than 100-fold increase between post infection hours 24–72 vs Group II. Substantial differences (p<0.01) were identified vs Groups I and II at post infection hour 4, 48 and 72, but one day after feverfew discontinuation (day 7), they were not found out. Serum SA was low in controls (1.65–2.3 mmol/L) increasing by hour 72 in Groups II and III (p<0.01) to 2.8 and 3.49 mmol/L respectively. Positive correlation between both studied markers was present only in infected dogs receiving feverfew (Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation=0.410, P=0.0086, n=40). Tanacetum parthenium is reported to have medicinal activity in our canine skin infection model.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82990977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0086
J. Chun, J. Lim, C. Lee
Understanding the key drivers controlling biomass production in forest ecosystems is an important process from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Here, we examined the relationships of aboveground biomass (AGB) production variables with species diversity, community weighted mean (CWM) values and variety of functional traits during temperate forest succession in a forest long-term ecological research site, South Korea. Our results revealed that species diversity and CWM trait values are crucial drivers for AGB production in a Korean temperate forest. The relative importance of the explanatory variables was different among AGB production variables. Mass ratio mechanism by CWM values of dominant traits was a main driver for initial and last AGBs and the increment of AGB by survivors and recruits, whereas AGB loss by mortality of stems was govern by species diversity. The mechanism governing AGB loss associated with species diversity may relate to size-dependent demographic processes of individual woody stems, especially, the withering of canopy trees. Therefore, our results suggest that mass ratio and size-dependent mechanisms of woody plants may be important drivers shaping the AGB dynamics in our study system.
{"title":"DIFFERENT CONTRIBUTION OF SPECIES AND FUNCTIONAL TRAIT DIVERSITY TO ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS DYNAMICS IN A FOREST LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH SITE, SOUTH KOREA","authors":"J. Chun, J. Lim, C. Lee","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0086","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the key drivers controlling biomass production in forest ecosystems is an important process from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Here, we examined the relationships of aboveground biomass (AGB) production variables with species diversity, community weighted mean (CWM) values and variety of functional traits during temperate forest succession in a forest long-term ecological research site, South Korea. Our results revealed that species diversity and CWM trait values are crucial drivers for AGB production in a Korean temperate forest. The relative importance of the explanatory variables was different among AGB production variables. Mass ratio mechanism by CWM values of dominant traits was a main driver for initial and last AGBs and the increment of AGB by survivors and recruits, whereas AGB loss by mortality of stems was govern by species diversity. The mechanism governing AGB loss associated with species diversity may relate to size-dependent demographic processes of individual woody stems, especially, the withering of canopy trees. Therefore, our results suggest that mass ratio and size-dependent mechanisms of woody plants may be important drivers shaping the AGB dynamics in our study system.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89860669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0079
S. Ali, Y. Liu, A. Nazir, M. Ishaq, S. B. Khan, Abdullah, T. Shah
Efforts to sustain the global food system are suffering from the serious challenge of agricultural vulnerability to climate change. The current study is aimed at exploring the relation among yields of major food crops (wheat, rice and maize), climate change (temperature and rainfall), and technical progress (fertilizer and agricultural machinery) in Pakistan. In this regard, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is employed using time series data over a period to time 1989 to 2015. To determine the co-integration, bound F-test results validate equilibrium for a long-run and short-run between yields of major food crops, temperature, rainfall, fertilizer and agricultural machinery. The long-run estimates indicate that area and temperature have a significant yet found a negative impact on wheat yield. However, for wheat yield, the coefficient of fertilizer usage was positive and had a significant effect. For rice crop, the coefficient of rainfall was found negative and had a statistically significant effect. The study concludes that climatic factors have a moderately negative impact on the yields of major food crops. The technical instruments and machinery needed to be enhanced since it plays an important role in increasing the yields of the crops. To deal and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, the government needs to develop agricultural adaptation policies, improve irrigation facilities and introduce high yielding and disease-resistant varieties for these food crops to ensure food security in the country.
{"title":"DOES TECHNICAL PROGRESS MITIGATE CLIMATE EFFECT ON CROPS YIELD IN PAKISTAN?","authors":"S. Ali, Y. Liu, A. Nazir, M. Ishaq, S. B. Khan, Abdullah, T. Shah","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0079","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to sustain the global food system are suffering from the serious challenge of agricultural vulnerability to climate change. The current study is aimed at exploring the relation among yields of major food crops (wheat, rice and maize), climate change (temperature and rainfall), and technical progress (fertilizer and agricultural machinery) in Pakistan. In this regard, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is employed using time series data over a period to time 1989 to 2015. To determine the co-integration, bound F-test results validate equilibrium for a long-run and short-run between yields of major food crops, temperature, rainfall, fertilizer and agricultural machinery. The long-run estimates indicate that area and temperature have a significant yet found a negative impact on wheat yield. However, for wheat yield, the coefficient of fertilizer usage was positive and had a significant effect. For rice crop, the coefficient of rainfall was found negative and had a statistically significant effect. The study concludes that climatic factors have a moderately negative impact on the yields of major food crops. The technical instruments and machinery needed to be enhanced since it plays an important role in increasing the yields of the crops. To deal and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, the government needs to develop agricultural adaptation policies, improve irrigation facilities and introduce high yielding and disease-resistant varieties for these food crops to ensure food security in the country.","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88247978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.3.0077
Y. Long, X. Yi, W. Yang
To realize rapid, low-cost identification and ensure quality control of Periplocaforrestii Schltr., a Miao ethnomedicine, a prediction model for oleanolic acid was built based on photometry. The total saponin content and oleanolic acid content inPeriplocaforrestiiSchltr. were analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC, respectively, and good linearity was observed for both of these methods. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the two data groups was 0.99, indicating a significant positive correlation. Thus, a prediction curve for the content of oleanolic acid in PeriplocaforrestiiSchltr. was constructed by fitting the relationship between these two indicators to a parabolic curve (R2 = 0.987). This model was successfully applied to predict the content of oleanolic acid in two samples, with a discrepancy rate of <3% between of the predicted values and the experimental values. This method exhibited an excellent goodness of fit and showed high precision for determining the content of oleanolic acid in Periplocaforrestii Schltr. samples. As the total saponin content can be determined using simple photometric methods, this prediction model allows rapid and convenient determination of oleanolic acid inPeriplocaforrestiiSchltr. This approach may be useful for identifying natural medicines in ethnic
{"title":"PHOTOMETRY-BASED PREDICTION MODEL FOR THE CONTENT OF OLEANOLIC ACID IN PERIPLOCAFORRESTIISCHLTR","authors":"Y. Long, X. Yi, W. Yang","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.3.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.3.0077","url":null,"abstract":"To realize rapid, low-cost identification and ensure quality control of Periplocaforrestii Schltr., a Miao ethnomedicine, a prediction model for oleanolic acid was built based on photometry. The total saponin content and oleanolic acid content inPeriplocaforrestiiSchltr. were analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC, respectively, and good linearity was observed for both of these methods. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the two data groups was 0.99, indicating a significant positive correlation. Thus, a prediction curve for the content of oleanolic acid in PeriplocaforrestiiSchltr. was constructed by fitting the relationship between these two indicators to a parabolic curve (R2 = 0.987). This model was successfully applied to predict the content of oleanolic acid in two samples, with a discrepancy rate of <3% between of the predicted values and the experimental values. This method exhibited an excellent goodness of fit and showed high precision for determining the content of oleanolic acid in Periplocaforrestii Schltr. samples. As the total saponin content can be determined using simple photometric methods, this prediction model allows rapid and convenient determination of oleanolic acid inPeriplocaforrestiiSchltr. This approach may be useful for identifying natural medicines in ethnic","PeriodicalId":17736,"journal":{"name":"June 1","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81585276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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