N. Plekhova, Polina A. Krivolutskaya, I. N. Chernenko
The structural integrity of the skeleton is ensured by the constant remodeling of bone tissue, which is based on the functioning and interaction of osteolytic cells (osteoclasts) and bone tissue forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes). Despite the general understanding that the degree of mineralization of the bone matrix determines the fragility of the skeleton, there is currently insufficient information about its age-related changes associated with the functioning of these cells. The purpose of the review is to evaluate existing data on age-related bone changes associated with the functional state of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts/osteocytes and osteoclasts. Inclusion criteria: randomized or non-randomized controlled studies examining age-related bone change. A search for studies in the field of bone tissue condition was carried out in electronic scientific databases Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library by keywords and their combinations using the AMSTAR 2 program. The selection of publications (59 out of 680 included) was carried out randomly, after which three authors independently assessed their methodological quality. The main pathogenetic mechanism involved in bone loss with age is a decrease in the formation of osteoblasts with impairment of their ability to osteogenic differentiation. Osteocytes in old age are subject to excessive and prolonged stress, which causes unbalanced autophagy and apoptosis, which leads to changes in their ability to deposit and mineralize extracellular organic matrix. With age, accelerated osteoclastogenesis occurs, mediated by osteoblasts, which leads to increased expression of certain receptors at the level of bone stromal cells and osteoblasts. The presented literature data demonstrate convincing evidence that an increase in bone resorption due to complex metabolic processes with age occurs against the background of an increase in the number and activity of osteoclasts, apoptosis of osteoblasts with a decrease in their metabolic activity, as well as a redistribution of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards adipocytes. The results presented in the review can be used as a basis for developing diagnostic criteria for identifying senile osteoporosis and the risk of fractures.
骨组织的不断重塑确保了骨骼结构的完整性，而骨组织的重塑是以溶骨细胞（破骨细胞）和骨组织形成细胞（成骨细胞/骨细胞）的功能和相互作用为基础的。尽管人们普遍认为骨基质的矿化程度决定了骨骼的脆性，但目前有关骨基质与这些细胞功能相关的年龄变化的信息还不够充分。本综述旨在评估与间充质干细胞、成骨细胞/骨细胞和破骨细胞功能状态相关的年龄相关骨骼变化的现有数据。纳入标准：研究与年龄相关的骨骼变化的随机或非随机对照研究。利用 AMSTAR 2 程序，通过关键词及其组合在电子科学数据库 Google Scholar、Medline、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Library 中搜索骨组织状况方面的研究。随机抽取出版物（680 篇中的 59 篇），然后由三位作者对其方法论质量进行独立评估。随着年龄的增长，骨质流失的主要发病机制是成骨细胞的形成减少，成骨分化能力减弱。老年期的成骨细胞受到过度和长期的压力，导致自噬和凋亡失衡，从而使其沉积和矿化细胞外基质的能力发生变化。随着年龄的增长，由成骨细胞介导的破骨细胞生成加速，导致骨基质细胞和成骨细胞水平的某些受体表达增加。所提供的文献数据令人信服地证明，随着年龄的增长，破骨细胞的数量和活性增加，成骨细胞凋亡，其代谢活性降低，间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞的成骨分化重新分布，在此背景下，复杂的新陈代谢过程导致骨吸收增加。综述中介绍的结果可作为制定诊断标准的依据，用于识别老年性骨质疏松症和骨折风险。
{"title":"Cellular mechanisms of age-dependent bone remodeling","authors":"N. Plekhova, Polina A. Krivolutskaya, I. N. Chernenko","doi":"10.17816/kmj632264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj632264","url":null,"abstract":"The structural integrity of the skeleton is ensured by the constant remodeling of bone tissue, which is based on the functioning and interaction of osteolytic cells (osteoclasts) and bone tissue forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes). Despite the general understanding that the degree of mineralization of the bone matrix determines the fragility of the skeleton, there is currently insufficient information about its age-related changes associated with the functioning of these cells. The purpose of the review is to evaluate existing data on age-related bone changes associated with the functional state of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts/osteocytes and osteoclasts. Inclusion criteria: randomized or non-randomized controlled studies examining age-related bone change. A search for studies in the field of bone tissue condition was carried out in electronic scientific databases Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library by keywords and their combinations using the AMSTAR 2 program. The selection of publications (59 out of 680 included) was carried out randomly, after which three authors independently assessed their methodological quality. The main pathogenetic mechanism involved in bone loss with age is a decrease in the formation of osteoblasts with impairment of their ability to osteogenic differentiation. Osteocytes in old age are subject to excessive and prolonged stress, which causes unbalanced autophagy and apoptosis, which leads to changes in their ability to deposit and mineralize extracellular organic matrix. With age, accelerated osteoclastogenesis occurs, mediated by osteoblasts, which leads to increased expression of certain receptors at the level of bone stromal cells and osteoblasts. The presented literature data demonstrate convincing evidence that an increase in bone resorption due to complex metabolic processes with age occurs against the background of an increase in the number and activity of osteoclasts, apoptosis of osteoblasts with a decrease in their metabolic activity, as well as a redistribution of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards adipocytes. The results presented in the review can be used as a basis for developing diagnostic criteria for identifying senile osteoporosis and the risk of fractures.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Kurnosenko, G. V. Reyngardt, V. Poletika, Yuliya V. Kolobovnikova, O. Urazova
BACKGROUND: A key role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer is assigned to inducers of neoangiogenesis — vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors, the effects of which can probably be modulated by galectins-1 and -3. AIM: To study the relationship between the content of galectins-1 and -3, vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors with the number of circulating endothelial cells in the blood of patients with colon cancer, depending on the degree of tumor differentiation and its spread. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (n=20) with a verified diagnosis of colon cancer (International Classification of Diseases code C18–C20) were examined; the comparison group included healthy volunteers (n=10), matched by gender and age. The study material was peripheral blood. The content of galectin-1, galectin-3, vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors was assessed by enzyme immunoassay, and counting of desquamated endothelial cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Statistical processing was performed in the Jamovi 2.3.21 software package for Windows. Differences between samples were assessed by calculating the Mann–Whitney U test. Relationships were established by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). The results were considered reliable at the level of statistical significance p 0.05. RESULTS: In patients with colorectal cancer, the level of vascular endothelial factor was higher than in healthy donors by 18%, the level of galectin-1 was 2.6 times higher, galectin-3 was 1.6 times higher compared to healthy donors, the level of epidermal growth factor did not differ significantly. The content of galectins-1 and -3 was closely interrelated (ρ=0.843, p 0.01), with the content of vascular endothelial growth factor in the blood plasma (ρ=0.311, p=0.032 — galectin-1; ρ=0.310, p 0.033 — galectin-3, respectively). The number of desquamated endothelial cells in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer was 8 times higher than in healthy people, and directly correlated with the content of vascular endothelial growth factor (ρ=0.307, p 0.05), galectin-1 (ρ=0.650, p 0.01) and galectin-3 (ρ=0.622, p 0.01). CONCLUSION: An increase in the content of galectins-1 and -3 in the blood plasma of patients with colon cancer positively correlates with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, and does not depend on the stage of the disease and the degree of tumor differentiation.
{"title":"Association of galectins-1 and -3 with proangiogenic factors and endothelial dysfunction in colon cancer","authors":"A. V. Kurnosenko, G. V. Reyngardt, V. Poletika, Yuliya V. Kolobovnikova, O. Urazova","doi":"10.17816/kmj623114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj623114","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: A key role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer is assigned to inducers of neoangiogenesis — vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors, the effects of which can probably be modulated by galectins-1 and -3. \u0000AIM: To study the relationship between the content of galectins-1 and -3, vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors with the number of circulating endothelial cells in the blood of patients with colon cancer, depending on the degree of tumor differentiation and its spread. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (n=20) with a verified diagnosis of colon cancer (International Classification of Diseases code C18–C20) were examined; the comparison group included healthy volunteers (n=10), matched by gender and age. The study material was peripheral blood. The content of galectin-1, galectin-3, vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factors was assessed by enzyme immunoassay, and counting of desquamated endothelial cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Statistical processing was performed in the Jamovi 2.3.21 software package for Windows. Differences between samples were assessed by calculating the Mann–Whitney U test. Relationships were established by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). The results were considered reliable at the level of statistical significance p 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: In patients with colorectal cancer, the level of vascular endothelial factor was higher than in healthy donors by 18%, the level of galectin-1 was 2.6 times higher, galectin-3 was 1.6 times higher compared to healthy donors, the level of epidermal growth factor did not differ significantly. The content of galectins-1 and -3 was closely interrelated (ρ=0.843, p 0.01), with the content of vascular endothelial growth factor in the blood plasma (ρ=0.311, p=0.032 — galectin-1; ρ=0.310, p 0.033 — galectin-3, respectively). The number of desquamated endothelial cells in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer was 8 times higher than in healthy people, and directly correlated with the content of vascular endothelial growth factor (ρ=0.307, p 0.05), galectin-1 (ρ=0.650, p 0.01) and galectin-3 (ρ=0.622, p 0.01). \u0000CONCLUSION: An increase in the content of galectins-1 and -3 in the blood plasma of patients with colon cancer positively correlates with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, and does not depend on the stage of the disease and the degree of tumor differentiation.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"45 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Demyashkin, D. Boldyrev, M. Vadyukhin, Lia N. Alieva, Elmar N. Shirinov
BACKGROUND: There is an opinion that the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 can initiate the development of a local inflammatory reaction in the testicles, which leads to damage to spermatogenic epithelial cells and a decrease in the fertility of patients in the long term. AIM: Morphofunctional assessment of immunocompetent cells in the testicles of patients with COVID-19 depending on age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on anamnestic, clinical and morphological data, groups of patients were formed, each of which included subgroups according to the age periodization of the World Health Organization: the first group of patients who died as a result of COVID-19 (n=109; average age 58±2.8 years) — young subgroup (n=19, age 18–44 years), middle-aged subgroup (n=37, age 45–59 years), elderly subgroup (n=53, age 60–74 years); second group (n=30, average age 49±2.3 years; autopsy material from the testicles of patients who died from causes unrelated to COVID-19, obtained outside the pandemic) — a subgroup of young people (n=10, age 18–44 years), middle-aged subgroup (n=10, age 45–59 years), elderly subgroup (n=10, age 60–74 years). Histological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out using primary antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD68, CD163, CD138 and statistical methods: Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher test. RESULTS: All testicular samples from patients with COVID-19 revealed signs of viral orchitis and a significant decrease in the spermatogenesis index (in young people — 5.9±0.2% with p=0.02; in middle age — 5.1±0.2% with p=0.008; in the elderly — 3.6±0.1% at p=0.006) compared to the control group (6.8±0.3%), and in immunohistochemical studies — an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+), macrophages (CD68+, CD163+) and plasma cells (CD138+) in interstitial tissue. In addition, a significant decrease in the spermatogenesis index (3.6±0.1% in the elderly versus 5.9±0.2% in the young, p=0.007) and a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+) and macrophages (CD68+, CD163+) was found in older versus younger patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In patients with COVID-19, an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD68+, CD138+, CD163+) in the interstitial tissue of the testicles was found, especially pronounced in the elderly group.
{"title":"Characteristics of immunocompetent cells in the testicles of different age group patients with COVID-19","authors":"G. Demyashkin, D. Boldyrev, M. Vadyukhin, Lia N. Alieva, Elmar N. Shirinov","doi":"10.17816/kmj567983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj567983","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: There is an opinion that the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 can initiate the development of a local inflammatory reaction in the testicles, which leads to damage to spermatogenic epithelial cells and a decrease in the fertility of patients in the long term. \u0000AIM: Morphofunctional assessment of immunocompetent cells in the testicles of patients with COVID-19 depending on age. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on anamnestic, clinical and morphological data, groups of patients were formed, each of which included subgroups according to the age periodization of the World Health Organization: the first group of patients who died as a result of COVID-19 (n=109; average age 58±2.8 years) — young subgroup (n=19, age 18–44 years), middle-aged subgroup (n=37, age 45–59 years), elderly subgroup (n=53, age 60–74 years); second group (n=30, average age 49±2.3 years; autopsy material from the testicles of patients who died from causes unrelated to COVID-19, obtained outside the pandemic) — a subgroup of young people (n=10, age 18–44 years), middle-aged subgroup (n=10, age 45–59 years), elderly subgroup (n=10, age 60–74 years). Histological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out using primary antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD68, CD163, CD138 and statistical methods: Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher test. \u0000RESULTS: All testicular samples from patients with COVID-19 revealed signs of viral orchitis and a significant decrease in the spermatogenesis index (in young people — 5.9±0.2% with p=0.02; in middle age — 5.1±0.2% with p=0.008; in the elderly — 3.6±0.1% at p=0.006) compared to the control group (6.8±0.3%), and in immunohistochemical studies — an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+), macrophages (CD68+, CD163+) and plasma cells (CD138+) in interstitial tissue. In addition, a significant decrease in the spermatogenesis index (3.6±0.1% in the elderly versus 5.9±0.2% in the young, p=0.007) and a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+) and macrophages (CD68+, CD163+) was found in older versus younger patients with COVID-19. \u0000CONCLUSION: In patients with COVID-19, an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD68+, CD138+, CD163+) in the interstitial tissue of the testicles was found, especially pronounced in the elderly group.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"37 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Slavin, A. F. Galimzyanov, R. T. Zimagulov, Rustem R. Yakhin, S. B. Sangadzhiev
The article shows a clinical case of an extremely rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy — a giant subcapsular hematoma of the liver. The clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of the patient and the results obtained were analyzed. Analysis of the data from the operated patient did not reveal the main reason that could have caused the development of a giant subcapsular hematoma of the liver. The patient had no bleeding disorders, had not previously suffered any bleeding, and did not take anticoagulants as an outpatient. During the operations, no source of bleeding or damage to the liver parenchyma was identified. In addition, there was no evidence of focal liver lesions according to the preoperative ultrasound scan. Outpatient use of a drug from the group of antiplatelet agents, as well as short-term irregular use of analgesics to relieve periodic pain could provoke the development of this complication. Treatment of subcapsular hematoma of the liver mainly depends on the clinical condition of the patient and the size of the hematoma. With conservative management, the condition of the formed hematoma should be more carefully monitored over time using radiation diagnostic methods. If necessary and according to indications, do not exclude possible repeated laparoscopic intervention, including conversion to laparotomy, taking into account the data of clinical, laboratory and radiological research methods. In most cases, this condition requires conservative treatment. Patients with such a complication require careful hemodynamic monitoring and visual monitoring of the complications development. Probably, preference should be given to magnetic resonance imaging, since this method is the most objective and does not carry a radiation load. The main task is not to miss the moment of hematoma rupture and the development of fatal bleeding.
{"title":"Giant subcapsular hematoma of the liver — a rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","authors":"L. Slavin, A. F. Galimzyanov, R. T. Zimagulov, Rustem R. Yakhin, S. B. Sangadzhiev","doi":"10.17816/kmj321343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj321343","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows a clinical case of an extremely rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy — a giant subcapsular hematoma of the liver. The clinical, laboratory and instrumental data of the patient and the results obtained were analyzed. Analysis of the data from the operated patient did not reveal the main reason that could have caused the development of a giant subcapsular hematoma of the liver. The patient had no bleeding disorders, had not previously suffered any bleeding, and did not take anticoagulants as an outpatient. During the operations, no source of bleeding or damage to the liver parenchyma was identified. In addition, there was no evidence of focal liver lesions according to the preoperative ultrasound scan. Outpatient use of a drug from the group of antiplatelet agents, as well as short-term irregular use of analgesics to relieve periodic pain could provoke the development of this complication. Treatment of subcapsular hematoma of the liver mainly depends on the clinical condition of the patient and the size of the hematoma. With conservative management, the condition of the formed hematoma should be more carefully monitored over time using radiation diagnostic methods. If necessary and according to indications, do not exclude possible repeated laparoscopic intervention, including conversion to laparotomy, taking into account the data of clinical, laboratory and radiological research methods. In most cases, this condition requires conservative treatment. Patients with such a complication require careful hemodynamic monitoring and visual monitoring of the complications development. Probably, preference should be given to magnetic resonance imaging, since this method is the most objective and does not carry a radiation load. The main task is not to miss the moment of hematoma rupture and the development of fatal bleeding.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"33 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. G. Iskakov, T. A. Anikina, Andrey L. Zefirov, Gulfiya A. Bilalova, T. L. Zefirov
BACKGROUND: The relevance of the problem increases due to the established cardioprotective effect of neuropeptide Y in pathological conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and its possible therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases. AIM: Study of the effect of neuropeptide Y on the frequency of spontaneous activity and amplitude-time parameters of the myocardium contraction of the rats’ right atrium during different periods of postnatal ontogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments used 73 white outbred rats of 7 days (n=23), 21 days (n=25) and 100 days (n=25) of age. Using the classical strain-gauge method, the parameters of isometric contraction of isolated rat atrial myocardium were determined with the addition of a non-selective Y-receptor agonist. The isometric contraction curve was processed using the Chart 8.0 program. Statistical processing of the results was performed in MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 2020. The significance of the differences was calculated using the Student’s t test. Data were presented as mean ± error of mean (M±m); n was the number of atrial myocardium preparations used. Changes were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. RESULTS: Neuropeptide Y at a concentration of 10–7 M reduces the frequency of spontaneous activity of the right atrium strips of rats with a preserved sinus node in 7, 21 and 100-day-old animals by 8.1%, 15% (p=0.038) and 7.9% (p=0.046) respectively in comparison with the control value. The amplitude of isometric contraction of the atrial myocardium in 7-day-old animals decreases by 12.4% (p=0.041), the duration of contraction decreases in 21-day-old animals by 12% (p=0.040), and in 100-day-old animals does not change compared to control. CONCLUSION: Neuropeptide Y reduces the frequency of spontaneous activity, increases the contraction duration, reduces the isometric contraction amplitude of rat myocardial strips in early postnatal ontogenesis.
背景：由于神经肽 Y 在高血压、心力衰竭等病理情况下具有保护心脏的作用，并且可能用于心血管疾病的治疗，因此该问题的相关性增加了。目的：研究神经肽 Y 对出生后不同时期大鼠右心房心肌收缩自发活动频率和振幅-时间参数的影响。材料与方法：实验使用了 73 只分别为 7 天龄（n=23）、21 天龄（n=25）和 100 天龄（n=25）的外种白鼠。使用经典的应变仪方法，在加入非选择性 Y 受体激动剂的情况下测定离体大鼠心房心肌等长收缩的参数。等长收缩曲线用 Chart 8.0 程序处理。结果的统计处理在 MS Excel 和 IBM SPSS Statistics 2020 中进行。差异的显著性采用学生 t 检验。数据以均数±均数误差（M±m）表示；n为所用心房心肌制备物的数量。以 p 0.05 为差异有统计学意义。结果：浓度为 10-7 M 的神经肽 Y 可使 7、21 和 100 日龄保留窦房结的大鼠右心房条带的自发活动频率与对照值相比分别降低 8.1%、15%（p=0.038）和 7.9%（p=0.046）。与对照组相比，7 日龄动物心房心肌等长收缩的振幅降低了 12.4% (p=0.041)，21 日龄动物收缩持续时间降低了 12% (p=0.040)，100 日龄动物则没有变化。结论：神经肽Y会降低大鼠心肌条带在出生后早期的自发活动频率，增加收缩持续时间，降低等长收缩幅度。
{"title":"Neuropeptide Y is involved in the regulation of the frequency and strength of rat atrium spontaneous contraction","authors":"N. G. Iskakov, T. A. Anikina, Andrey L. Zefirov, Gulfiya A. Bilalova, T. L. Zefirov","doi":"10.17816/kmj501790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj501790","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The relevance of the problem increases due to the established cardioprotective effect of neuropeptide Y in pathological conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and its possible therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases. \u0000AIM: Study of the effect of neuropeptide Y on the frequency of spontaneous activity and amplitude-time parameters of the myocardium contraction of the rats’ right atrium during different periods of postnatal ontogenesis. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments used 73 white outbred rats of 7 days (n=23), 21 days (n=25) and 100 days (n=25) of age. Using the classical strain-gauge method, the parameters of isometric contraction of isolated rat atrial myocardium were determined with the addition of a non-selective Y-receptor agonist. The isometric contraction curve was processed using the Chart 8.0 program. Statistical processing of the results was performed in MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 2020. The significance of the differences was calculated using the Student’s t test. Data were presented as mean ± error of mean (M±m); n was the number of atrial myocardium preparations used. Changes were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: Neuropeptide Y at a concentration of 10–7 M reduces the frequency of spontaneous activity of the right atrium strips of rats with a preserved sinus node in 7, 21 and 100-day-old animals by 8.1%, 15% (p=0.038) and 7.9% (p=0.046) respectively in comparison with the control value. The amplitude of isometric contraction of the atrial myocardium in 7-day-old animals decreases by 12.4% (p=0.041), the duration of contraction decreases in 21-day-old animals by 12% (p=0.040), and in 100-day-old animals does not change compared to control. \u0000CONCLUSION: Neuropeptide Y reduces the frequency of spontaneous activity, increases the contraction duration, reduces the isometric contraction amplitude of rat myocardial strips in early postnatal ontogenesis.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga V. Boulashova, E. I. Mukhitova, E. V. Khazova
Cardiovascular diseases remain a common cause of morbidity and mortality in populations around the world, varying in incidence by age and gender. Every year, more than 7 million people around the world are diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, which may be the first clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease. In the ranking of mortality causes in the Russian Federation, diseases of the circulatory system occupy a leading place. The purpose of the review was to analyze the clinical characteristics and spectrum of coronary lesions of patients with acute coronary syndrome depending on age and gender. Thus, according to the results of coronary angiography, young patients with myocardial infarction were rarely accompanied by multivessel or ostial lesions of the coronary arteries, in contrast to the elderly patients. It was revealed that multivessel lesions of the coronary arteries more often characterize males, and singlevessel lesions more often characterize females. It is obvious that the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome will largely depend not only on age and gender, but also on the outcome of the syndrome, the quality and scope of diagnostic and treatment procedures. This is especially important since most patients under 60 years of age are exposed to some form of systematic work load in their field of activity. The influence of polypathy, characteristic of modern cardiac patients, can be expressed to varying degrees depending on the gender and age of the patient with acute coronary syndrome. The article presents data on the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome, taking into account gender and age periods, including depending on the tactics of their management. Determining the clinical characteristics of patients of different ages allows to take them into account for selecting effective and safe therapy, preventing wave-like atherosclerosis as the main cause of coronary heart disease, thereby improving prognosis and survival.
{"title":"Gender and age clinical characteristics of patients with acute coronary syndrome","authors":"Olga V. Boulashova, E. I. Mukhitova, E. V. Khazova","doi":"10.17816/kmj624934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj624934","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases remain a common cause of morbidity and mortality in populations around the world, varying in incidence by age and gender. Every year, more than 7 million people around the world are diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, which may be the first clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease. In the ranking of mortality causes in the Russian Federation, diseases of the circulatory system occupy a leading place. The purpose of the review was to analyze the clinical characteristics and spectrum of coronary lesions of patients with acute coronary syndrome depending on age and gender. Thus, according to the results of coronary angiography, young patients with myocardial infarction were rarely accompanied by multivessel or ostial lesions of the coronary arteries, in contrast to the elderly patients. It was revealed that multivessel lesions of the coronary arteries more often characterize males, and singlevessel lesions more often characterize females. It is obvious that the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome will largely depend not only on age and gender, but also on the outcome of the syndrome, the quality and scope of diagnostic and treatment procedures. This is especially important since most patients under 60 years of age are exposed to some form of systematic work load in their field of activity. The influence of polypathy, characteristic of modern cardiac patients, can be expressed to varying degrees depending on the gender and age of the patient with acute coronary syndrome. The article presents data on the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome, taking into account gender and age periods, including depending on the tactics of their management. Determining the clinical characteristics of patients of different ages allows to take them into account for selecting effective and safe therapy, preventing wave-like atherosclerosis as the main cause of coronary heart disease, thereby improving prognosis and survival.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semyon Semyonovich Zimnitsky is an outstanding Russian and Soviet scientist, a doctor of the highest class, who has received worldwide recognition. He lived only 54 years, lived and worked in a very difficult social environment and no less problematic close circle. To his brilliant successes S.S. Zimnitsky owes both his heredity and his teachers — outstanding scientists of Russia, professors Sergei Sergeevich Botkin, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, as well as the conditions for fruitful work that were created at the end of his career. Zimnitsky's charisma was largely determined by his personal qualities. The article shows for the first time the characterological features of his unique, active nature. The people around him described the personality traits of S.S. Zimnitsky in very contradictory ways: from “very obstinate, emotional, constantly conflicting, not shy in expressions, tearing up medical records” to “a gentle, kind person, lively, cheerful, always energetic, always cheerful, with a friendly face, good-natured, with subtle humor, lyrically glorifying nature”. These characteristics differ in tone, but are similar in one thing — S.S. Zimnitsky was a very emotional person. Being a true patriot, through his research he called for Russian science to receive the same powerful magnitude and strength as Russian culture. A passionate and convinced fanatic of his ideas, he was a fiery polemicist, and this exceptional temperament, which gave an original and often bright subjective color to his reports and especially polemical speeches, was one of the significant obstacles to the dissemination of the brilliant ideas and achievements of S.S. Zimnitsky. A great lover of nature and connoisseur of it, S.S. Zimnitsky often, both when analyzing patients on rounds and at lectures, borrowed from nature living and original comparisons and examples that clearly depicted the phenomenon and were forever etched in the memory. His love for nature was also reflected in his poetic works, where much attention was paid to its beauties.
{"title":"The life and personality of Semyon Semyonovich Zimnitsky in the memoirs of contemporaries and students (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)","authors":"V. Oslopov, Yu. S. Mishanina","doi":"10.17816/kmj625897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj625897","url":null,"abstract":"Semyon Semyonovich Zimnitsky is an outstanding Russian and Soviet scientist, a doctor of the highest class, who has received worldwide recognition. He lived only 54 years, lived and worked in a very difficult social environment and no less problematic close circle. To his brilliant successes S.S. Zimnitsky owes both his heredity and his teachers — outstanding scientists of Russia, professors Sergei Sergeevich Botkin, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, as well as the conditions for fruitful work that were created at the end of his career. Zimnitsky's charisma was largely determined by his personal qualities. The article shows for the first time the characterological features of his unique, active nature. The people around him described the personality traits of S.S. Zimnitsky in very contradictory ways: from “very obstinate, emotional, constantly conflicting, not shy in expressions, tearing up medical records” to “a gentle, kind person, lively, cheerful, always energetic, always cheerful, with a friendly face, good-natured, with subtle humor, lyrically glorifying nature”. These characteristics differ in tone, but are similar in one thing — S.S. Zimnitsky was a very emotional person. Being a true patriot, through his research he called for Russian science to receive the same powerful magnitude and strength as Russian culture. A passionate and convinced fanatic of his ideas, he was a fiery polemicist, and this exceptional temperament, which gave an original and often bright subjective color to his reports and especially polemical speeches, was one of the significant obstacles to the dissemination of the brilliant ideas and achievements of S.S. Zimnitsky. A great lover of nature and connoisseur of it, S.S. Zimnitsky often, both when analyzing patients on rounds and at lectures, borrowed from nature living and original comparisons and examples that clearly depicted the phenomenon and were forever etched in the memory. His love for nature was also reflected in his poetic works, where much attention was paid to its beauties.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. F. Ishkineeva, Zhanna V. Saveleva, O. Gerova, Liliia M. Fakhretdinova, Raushaniia Gaifullina
BACKGROUND: To achieve the number of potential bone marrow donors in Russian registries to a level sufficient for effective selection of recipients in need of transplantation, it is important to find the most effective ways to recruit Russians as potential bone marrow donors. AIM: To identify areas for improving methods of recruiting potential bone marrow donors in the Russian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic survey was conducted: the questionnaire included 27 questions, the respondents were participants in the register of potential bone marrow donors of the Vasya Perevoshchikov National Register of Bone Marrow Donors Charitable Foundation, expert validation and a preliminary pilot survey were used. The focus was on factors that determine the population’s readiness to donate, preferred methods of donating biomaterial and territorial accessibility of recruitment centers, opportunities and obstacles to recruiting bone marrow donors. 6,314 people took part in the survey. The work used frequency analysis methods and the Pearson χ2 statistical criterion; the data was processed in the SPSS Statistics program. RESULTS: The most common channels of information about bone marrow donation in the process of involving potential registry participants were mass media (33.6%), social media (18.9%) and the social environment (18.4%). Among the respondents, 30% had experience in human blood donation. The social environment of donors included people who had experience in donating blood: among those surveyed, 48.5% indicated that their relatives served as blood donors; 67.7% noted that their friends were blood donors. For 40% of the registry participants, the method of submitting biospecimens was important. The majority (87%) of respondents indicated that submitting biospecimens at medical centers was the most convenient mechanism for joining the registry. CONCLUSION: The media serve as an effective channel for informing the population; the role of new social media (Internet resources, social networks) is increasing. A significant factor in involvement in the register is the social environment, including people who have experience in donating blood.
{"title":"On the problem of improving methods for recruiting potential bone marrow donors in the Russian population","authors":"F. F. Ishkineeva, Zhanna V. Saveleva, O. Gerova, Liliia M. Fakhretdinova, Raushaniia Gaifullina","doi":"10.17816/kmj633026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj633026","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To achieve the number of potential bone marrow donors in Russian registries to a level sufficient for effective selection of recipients in need of transplantation, it is important to find the most effective ways to recruit Russians as potential bone marrow donors. \u0000AIM: To identify areas for improving methods of recruiting potential bone marrow donors in the Russian population. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic survey was conducted: the questionnaire included 27 questions, the respondents were participants in the register of potential bone marrow donors of the Vasya Perevoshchikov National Register of Bone Marrow Donors Charitable Foundation, expert validation and a preliminary pilot survey were used. The focus was on factors that determine the population’s readiness to donate, preferred methods of donating biomaterial and territorial accessibility of recruitment centers, opportunities and obstacles to recruiting bone marrow donors. 6,314 people took part in the survey. The work used frequency analysis methods and the Pearson χ2 statistical criterion; the data was processed in the SPSS Statistics program. \u0000RESULTS: The most common channels of information about bone marrow donation in the process of involving potential registry participants were mass media (33.6%), social media (18.9%) and the social environment (18.4%). Among the respondents, 30% had experience in human blood donation. The social environment of donors included people who had experience in donating blood: among those surveyed, 48.5% indicated that their relatives served as blood donors; 67.7% noted that their friends were blood donors. For 40% of the registry participants, the method of submitting biospecimens was important. The majority (87%) of respondents indicated that submitting biospecimens at medical centers was the most convenient mechanism for joining the registry. \u0000CONCLUSION: The media serve as an effective channel for informing the population; the role of new social media (Internet resources, social networks) is increasing. A significant factor in involvement in the register is the social environment, including people who have experience in donating blood.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"38 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The textbook “Oncology 2.0”, prepared by a team of authors under the guidance of Professor Sh.Kh. Gantsev, is a comprehensive presentation of modern approaches and methods in oncology, aimed at training specialized personnel in this field. The textbook uses an integration approach that combines clinical and morphological aspects of oncology. The textbook material complies with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The book is written at a high scientific and methodological level. The integration of the latest achievements in scientific research, the latest diagnostic and treatment methods are presented, which makes it an important tool for the education of residents and graduate students. The textbook stands out for its detailed description of the processes of carcinogenesis and cellular mechanisms of malignant transformation. The textbook is intended for residents and graduate students specializing in the field of oncology, oncological radiotherapy, molecular and cellular aspects of cancer and can be used as the main educational literature in the discipline.
{"title":"Review of the textbook “Oncology 2.0” edited by D. Sci. (Med.), Professor Sh.Kh. Gantsev","authors":"","doi":"10.17816/kmj633028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj633028","url":null,"abstract":"The textbook “Oncology 2.0”, prepared by a team of authors under the guidance of Professor Sh.Kh. Gantsev, is a comprehensive presentation of modern approaches and methods in oncology, aimed at training specialized personnel in this field. The textbook uses an integration approach that combines clinical and morphological aspects of oncology. The textbook material complies with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The book is written at a high scientific and methodological level. The integration of the latest achievements in scientific research, the latest diagnostic and treatment methods are presented, which makes it an important tool for the education of residents and graduate students. The textbook stands out for its detailed description of the processes of carcinogenesis and cellular mechanisms of malignant transformation. The textbook is intended for residents and graduate students specializing in the field of oncology, oncological radiotherapy, molecular and cellular aspects of cancer and can be used as the main educational literature in the discipline.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"26 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Premature ovarian failure is a common disease that affects quality of life and cardiovascular risk in young women. AIM: To assess the relative risk of cardiovascular events in patients with primary and secondary premature ovarian failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included three groups of patients comparable in age: the first — women with primary premature ovarian failure at the age of 39.8±4.3 years; the second — women with secondary premature ovarian failure, age 40.1±4.1 years; the third was the control group at the age of 40.3±3.9 years, there were 133 people in each group. The cardiovascular profile (smoking status, metabolic health, lipid profile, glucose level, blood pressure, pulse and cardiovascular history) of patients with premature ovarian failure was analyzed. Identification of relationships between the studied signs (increase in waist circumference, increase in systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg, increase in diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome) carried out by calculating the odds ratio and relative risk. The 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases was also calculated using the SCORE2 scale. RESULTS: Patients with both primary and secondary premature ovarian failure had a higher relative risk of developing cardiovascular events compared with healthy women. The 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular events according to the SCORE2 scale was statistically significantly increased in women with premature ovarian failure compared to the control group. In patients with primary failure it was 9.4% (confidence interval 6–14%; p=0.018), in patients with secondary failure — 7.6% (confidence interval 4–14%; p=0.023), and in the control group — 5.1% (confidence interval 3–14%; p=0.039). CONCLUSION: Patients with premature ovarian failure have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to a group of healthy women.
{"title":"Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with premature ovarian failure","authors":"Sergey V. Lopukhov, E. Filippov","doi":"10.17816/kmj508732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj508732","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Premature ovarian failure is a common disease that affects quality of life and cardiovascular risk in young women. \u0000AIM: To assess the relative risk of cardiovascular events in patients with primary and secondary premature ovarian failure. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included three groups of patients comparable in age: the first — women with primary premature ovarian failure at the age of 39.8±4.3 years; the second — women with secondary premature ovarian failure, age 40.1±4.1 years; the third was the control group at the age of 40.3±3.9 years, there were 133 people in each group. The cardiovascular profile (smoking status, metabolic health, lipid profile, glucose level, blood pressure, pulse and cardiovascular history) of patients with premature ovarian failure was analyzed. Identification of relationships between the studied signs (increase in waist circumference, increase in systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg, increase in diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome) carried out by calculating the odds ratio and relative risk. The 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases was also calculated using the SCORE2 scale. \u0000RESULTS: Patients with both primary and secondary premature ovarian failure had a higher relative risk of developing cardiovascular events compared with healthy women. The 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular events according to the SCORE2 scale was statistically significantly increased in women with premature ovarian failure compared to the control group. In patients with primary failure it was 9.4% (confidence interval 6–14%; p=0.018), in patients with secondary failure — 7.6% (confidence interval 4–14%; p=0.023), and in the control group — 5.1% (confidence interval 3–14%; p=0.039). \u0000CONCLUSION: Patients with premature ovarian failure have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to a group of healthy women.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"16 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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