M. V. Bagryantsev, Aleksandr I. Abelevich, Ilya L. Dezorcev, Vladislav I. Shcheslavskiy, E. Kiseleva
BACKGROUND: In patients with colorectal cancer, the intestinal wall, which is not involved in the malignant process, despite histological signs of intactness, is characterized by impaired structure and metabolism. Modern optical bioimaging technologies make it possible to objectively assess these changes. AIM: To study metabolism and morphological structure features of the mucous membrane of the relatively normal colon in patients with colorectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The object of study was the colon mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer stages I–IV. The study included 59 patients. There were 33 (56%) men, 26 (44%) women; median age — 67 [61; 74] years. In 10 cases, the tumor was localized in the right colon, in 9 — in the transverse colon, in 23 — in the sigmoid colon, in 17 — in the rectum. 7 samples were obtained from patients with stage I, 25 — with stage II, 21 — with stage III, 6 — with stage IV colorectal cancer. The metabolism of colon tissue from the mucosal side was studied using fluorescence-lifetime macroimaging, and the microstructure was studied using optical coherence tomography and histological examination. The results of calculating the weighted average fluorescence lifetime were presented as median values Me [Q1; Q3], comparison of this indicator between groups was carried out using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. RESULTS: According to histological examination, progression signs of structural changes with increasing stage of colorectal cancer were revealed: from the conventional norm in samples with stage I to the appearance of signs of chronic colitis, atrophy and erosion of the mucous membrane in samples with stages II, III and IV. Visual analysis of optical coherence tomograms obtained from colon samples showed a high degree of agreement with histological data: the Spearman correlation coefficient was r=0.96. According to fluorescence-lifetime macroimaging, statistically significant differences (p=0.027) in the weighted average fluorescence lifetime were detected between stages IV and II of colorectal cancer: the values were 1.6 [1.4; 1.8] ns and 1.3 [1.1; 1.4] ns, respectively, which indicated an intensification of the glycolysis process in the tissues of the colon mucosa in stage IV colorectal cancer. Presumably, the identified changes will become the pathophysiological and anatomical basis of postoperative complications. In clinical oncology, it is advisable to use the obtained data to optimize the volume of intestinal resection and postoperative therapy algorithms. CONCLUSION: Long-term tumor carriage and progression of colorectal cancer (invasion and metastasis) are associated with an increasing incidence of atrophy/erosion of the mucous membrane, the signs of which are determined both by optical coherence tomography and by histological examination.
背景：在结直肠癌患者中，尽管组织学迹象表明肠壁完好无损，但并不参与恶性过程的肠壁却具有结构和代谢受损的特征。现代光学生物成像技术使客观评估这些变化成为可能。目的：研究结直肠癌患者相对正常结肠粘膜的新陈代谢和形态结构特征。材料与方法：研究对象为结直肠癌 I-IV 期患者的结肠粘膜。研究对象包括 59 名患者。其中男性 33 人（56%），女性 26 人（44%）；年龄中位数为 67 [61; 74]岁。其中 10 例肿瘤位于右侧结肠，9 例位于横结肠，23 例位于乙状结肠，17 例位于直肠。7 例样本来自 I 期患者，25 例来自 II 期患者，21 例来自 III 期患者，6 例来自 IV 期结直肠癌患者。使用荧光-寿命宏观成像技术研究了粘膜侧结肠组织的新陈代谢，使用光学相干断层扫描和组织学检查研究了微观结构。加权平均荧光寿命的计算结果以中位值 Me [Q1; Q3] 表示，组间该指标的比较采用非参数 Kruskal-Wallis 检验。结果：组织学检查显示，随着结直肠癌分期的增加，结构变化也出现了进展迹象：从 I 期样本的常规变化到 II、III 和 IV 期样本出现慢性结肠炎、黏膜萎缩和侵蚀的迹象。对从结肠样本中获得的光学相干断层图像进行的目视分析表明，其与组织学数据高度一致：斯皮尔曼相关系数为 r=0.96。根据荧光寿命宏观成像，发现结肠直肠癌 IV 期和 II 期的加权平均荧光寿命存在显著统计学差异（p=0.027）：分别为 1.6 [1.4; 1.8] ns 和 1.3 [1.1; 1.4] ns，这表明结肠直肠癌 IV 期结肠粘膜组织中的糖酵解过程有所加强。可以推测，已发现的变化将成为术后并发症的病理生理学和解剖学基础。在临床肿瘤学中，最好利用获得的数据来优化肠道切除量和术后治疗算法。结论：结直肠癌的长期肿瘤携带和进展（侵袭和转移）与粘膜萎缩/糜烂发生率的增加有关，其迹象可通过光学相干断层扫描和组织学检查确定。
{"title":"Features of the microstructure and metabolism of the colon mucosa at the resection border in patients with colorectal cancer","authors":"M. V. Bagryantsev, Aleksandr I. Abelevich, Ilya L. Dezorcev, Vladislav I. Shcheslavskiy, E. Kiseleva","doi":"10.17816/kmj606684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj606684","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In patients with colorectal cancer, the intestinal wall, which is not involved in the malignant process, despite histological signs of intactness, is characterized by impaired structure and metabolism. Modern optical bioimaging technologies make it possible to objectively assess these changes. \u0000AIM: To study metabolism and morphological structure features of the mucous membrane of the relatively normal colon in patients with colorectal cancer. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The object of study was the colon mucosa in patients with colorectal cancer stages I–IV. The study included 59 patients. There were 33 (56%) men, 26 (44%) women; median age — 67 [61; 74] years. In 10 cases, the tumor was localized in the right colon, in 9 — in the transverse colon, in 23 — in the sigmoid colon, in 17 — in the rectum. 7 samples were obtained from patients with stage I, 25 — with stage II, 21 — with stage III, 6 — with stage IV colorectal cancer. The metabolism of colon tissue from the mucosal side was studied using fluorescence-lifetime macroimaging, and the microstructure was studied using optical coherence tomography and histological examination. The results of calculating the weighted average fluorescence lifetime were presented as median values Me [Q1; Q3], comparison of this indicator between groups was carried out using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. \u0000RESULTS: According to histological examination, progression signs of structural changes with increasing stage of colorectal cancer were revealed: from the conventional norm in samples with stage I to the appearance of signs of chronic colitis, atrophy and erosion of the mucous membrane in samples with stages II, III and IV. Visual analysis of optical coherence tomograms obtained from colon samples showed a high degree of agreement with histological data: the Spearman correlation coefficient was r=0.96. According to fluorescence-lifetime macroimaging, statistically significant differences (p=0.027) in the weighted average fluorescence lifetime were detected between stages IV and II of colorectal cancer: the values were 1.6 [1.4; 1.8] ns and 1.3 [1.1; 1.4] ns, respectively, which indicated an intensification of the glycolysis process in the tissues of the colon mucosa in stage IV colorectal cancer. Presumably, the identified changes will become the pathophysiological and anatomical basis of postoperative complications. In clinical oncology, it is advisable to use the obtained data to optimize the volume of intestinal resection and postoperative therapy algorithms. \u0000CONCLUSION: Long-term tumor carriage and progression of colorectal cancer (invasion and metastasis) are associated with an increasing incidence of atrophy/erosion of the mucous membrane, the signs of which are determined both by optical coherence tomography and by histological examination.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. N. Pavlyukova, M. V. Kolosova, G. Neklyudova, Evgeniya O. Alexeeva, R. S. Karpov
Improved survival of children born with low, extremely low and very low body weight in modern conditions due to increased nursing capabilities, optimization of treatment and increased efficiency of resuscitation measures has led to the need for greater understanding of the importance of assessing the cardiovascular system’s state beyond the neonatal period. With approximately 10% of infants worldwide being born preterm, there is an increasing need for further research into optimal regimens, lifestyle and clinical interventions that can benefit and modify cardiovascular morphology and function in this growing population. Modern theoretical postulates on the physiology and pathophysiology of the child’s heart include ideas about the key process of cardiac biomechanics — diastole, during which the earliest disturbances, that precede the formation of systolic dysfunction, occur. Assessment of the pumping properties of the left ventricle in systole and diastole is a fundamental methodological technique for an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular system’s emerging diseases, their early diagnosis and assessment of the complex therapy’s effectiveness. However, despite the widespread use of standard echocardiography to assess systolic and diastolic function, its traditional parameters have limitations in terms of diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness in practice. Expanding knowledge about new pathogenetic mechanisms of the cardiac dysfunction formation in conditions of prematurity at the current stage of cardiology development using the “trace spot” technology (two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography) will be very useful for scientists studying the mechanics formation of the child’s heart after premature birth, and for doctors of various specialties in early diagnosis of heart diseases.
{"title":"Children’s heart and prematurity: a current view of the problem","authors":"E. N. Pavlyukova, M. V. Kolosova, G. Neklyudova, Evgeniya O. Alexeeva, R. S. Karpov","doi":"10.17816/kmj303607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj303607","url":null,"abstract":"Improved survival of children born with low, extremely low and very low body weight in modern conditions due to increased nursing capabilities, optimization of treatment and increased efficiency of resuscitation measures has led to the need for greater understanding of the importance of assessing the cardiovascular system’s state beyond the neonatal period. With approximately 10% of infants worldwide being born preterm, there is an increasing need for further research into optimal regimens, lifestyle and clinical interventions that can benefit and modify cardiovascular morphology and function in this growing population. Modern theoretical postulates on the physiology and pathophysiology of the child’s heart include ideas about the key process of cardiac biomechanics — diastole, during which the earliest disturbances, that precede the formation of systolic dysfunction, occur. Assessment of the pumping properties of the left ventricle in systole and diastole is a fundamental methodological technique for an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular system’s emerging diseases, their early diagnosis and assessment of the complex therapy’s effectiveness. However, despite the widespread use of standard echocardiography to assess systolic and diastolic function, its traditional parameters have limitations in terms of diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness in practice. Expanding knowledge about new pathogenetic mechanisms of the cardiac dysfunction formation in conditions of prematurity at the current stage of cardiology development using the “trace spot” technology (two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography) will be very useful for scientists studying the mechanics formation of the child’s heart after premature birth, and for doctors of various specialties in early diagnosis of heart diseases.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"183 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140794159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Gaidarov, T. Alekseevskaya, T. V. Demidova, O. Sofronov
This study examines the functions of governors general, governors and heads of regions in coordinating measures and activities to develop medical care for the indigenous population of the northeastern districts of Eastern Siberia, who suffered from syphilis and leprosy that spread in the 19th century. A study of regulations, reports, telegrams, petitions, lectures, dispatches, orders, statements, instructions, correspondence of officials showed that the interaction between the administration of the Governor General, regional commanders, civil governors, district administration, medical boards and the Order of public charity was devoted to issues financing the organization of hospitals, drug supply, medical trips to the districts, wages and benefits for medical officials. The availability of medical care to the population of remote districts, associated with a shortage of personnel, difficulties in supplying medicines, pharmaceutical supplies, hospital supplies and food for patients, remained at a low level. Decisive and effective actions by the authorities were needed to preserve and increase the human resource in underdeveloped territories — one of the main wealth of the state. The article presents facts of the practical participation of governors general, governors of the Irkutsk province, chiefs (civil governors) of the Yakut region of Siberian (1803–1822), East Siberian (1822–1887), and then Irkutsk (1887–1917) governor generals in the decision issues of organizing medical care for the population of the northern districts. Historical facts indicate the implementation of state policy in matters of preserving the people of the outlying territories of Russia, the need to provide medical care to the population in hospital conditions. The study is based on archival sources of a record-keeping nature, available legislative acts and epistolary literature.
{"title":"Activities of the institute of gubernatorial power to coordinate measures to combat the epidemicof syphilis and leprosy among the population of the northern outskirts of EasternSiberia in the 19th century","authors":"G. Gaidarov, T. Alekseevskaya, T. V. Demidova, O. Sofronov","doi":"10.17816/kmj624082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj624082","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the functions of governors general, governors and heads of regions in coordinating measures and activities to develop medical care for the indigenous population of the northeastern districts of Eastern Siberia, who suffered from syphilis and leprosy that spread in the 19th century. A study of regulations, reports, telegrams, petitions, lectures, dispatches, orders, statements, instructions, correspondence of officials showed that the interaction between the administration of the Governor General, regional commanders, civil governors, district administration, medical boards and the Order of public charity was devoted to issues financing the organization of hospitals, drug supply, medical trips to the districts, wages and benefits for medical officials. The availability of medical care to the population of remote districts, associated with a shortage of personnel, difficulties in supplying medicines, pharmaceutical supplies, hospital supplies and food for patients, remained at a low level. Decisive and effective actions by the authorities were needed to preserve and increase the human resource in underdeveloped territories — one of the main wealth of the state. The article presents facts of the practical participation of governors general, governors of the Irkutsk province, chiefs (civil governors) of the Yakut region of Siberian (1803–1822), East Siberian (1822–1887), and then Irkutsk (1887–1917) governor generals in the decision issues of organizing medical care for the population of the northern districts. Historical facts indicate the implementation of state policy in matters of preserving the people of the outlying territories of Russia, the need to provide medical care to the population in hospital conditions. The study is based on archival sources of a record-keeping nature, available legislative acts and epistolary literature.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"59 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gene therapy for peripheral arterial disease","authors":"","doi":"10.17816/kmj629517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj629517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"102 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coping intelligence is associated with an individual’s ability to overcome stressful situations, maintaining health potential and increasing the potential for personal development. This study is a systematic review of biochemical and neuronal markers of different levels of coping intelligence, which determine different lines of human development in stressful situations. 45 publications selected from the Nature and RSCI electronic databases were analyzed, the results were summarized in three sections: (1) genetic and epigenetic correlates of individual differences in coping intelligence; (2) neurochemical systems of coping intelligence (glucocorticoids, interleukins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamines); (3) manifestations of stable and regressive lines of development of the subject in stressful situations. Molecular genetic determinants of coping intelligence were systematized according to the following systems: serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, etc. The interaction of neurochemical systems (catecholamines, glucocorticoids, interleukins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamines) reflects the peculiarities of the stress reaction in humans and determines the development line of the subject in stressful situations. Genetic predisposition, unfavorable epigenetic factors and chronic stress increase the risk of developing stress-related diseases (regressive line of development). A stable stress-coping system is associated with a balance of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, an optimal ratio of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, a sufficient level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and a healthy microbiota (stable line). A review of the literature indicated the need to analyze neurochemical systems (monoamines, opioid receptors, acetylcholine, microbiota) that determine a high level of coping intelligence (a progressive line of human development in stressful situations). The study of neurochemical markers of coping intelligence should be accompanied by personality analysis (mental representations of stress, coping strategies) to provide personalized medical care and preserve a person’s health potential.
{"title":"Neurochemical markers of coping intelligence","authors":"I. O. Kuvaeva, Elena V. Volkova","doi":"10.17816/kmj623568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj623568","url":null,"abstract":"Coping intelligence is associated with an individual’s ability to overcome stressful situations, maintaining health potential and increasing the potential for personal development. This study is a systematic review of biochemical and neuronal markers of different levels of coping intelligence, which determine different lines of human development in stressful situations. 45 publications selected from the Nature and RSCI electronic databases were analyzed, the results were summarized in three sections: (1) genetic and epigenetic correlates of individual differences in coping intelligence; (2) neurochemical systems of coping intelligence (glucocorticoids, interleukins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamines); (3) manifestations of stable and regressive lines of development of the subject in stressful situations. Molecular genetic determinants of coping intelligence were systematized according to the following systems: serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, etc. The interaction of neurochemical systems (catecholamines, glucocorticoids, interleukins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamines) reflects the peculiarities of the stress reaction in humans and determines the development line of the subject in stressful situations. Genetic predisposition, unfavorable epigenetic factors and chronic stress increase the risk of developing stress-related diseases (regressive line of development). A stable stress-coping system is associated with a balance of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, an optimal ratio of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, a sufficient level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and a healthy microbiota (stable line). A review of the literature indicated the need to analyze neurochemical systems (monoamines, opioid receptors, acetylcholine, microbiota) that determine a high level of coping intelligence (a progressive line of human development in stressful situations). The study of neurochemical markers of coping intelligence should be accompanied by personality analysis (mental representations of stress, coping strategies) to provide personalized medical care and preserve a person’s health potential.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekaterina A. Gorbunova, Sergei S. Startsev, I. P. Safontsev, R. Zukov
BACKGROUND: Among the most common intra-abdominal complications of surgical treatment of gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers are acute postoperative pancreatitis and abdominal abscesses. AIM: Identification and study of anthropometric and bioimpedansometric predictors of the complicated course of the postoperative period in patients with gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 250 patients with gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers, 123 men and 127 women, were examined. All subjects underwent radical surgical treatment. In the postoperative period, postoperative complications were recorded in 40 patients. All subjects underwent anthropometric and bioimpedance examination. Height and body weight, transverse diameter of the chest, width of the shoulders and pelvis, waist and hip circumference, and body morphotype were determined. Bioimpedansometric examination was carried out before surgery and in the postoperative period using a domestic hardware and software complex with determination of the body component composition and the phase angle value. The phase angle of impedance reflected the metabolic rate in the body. The results were statistically processed using descriptive statistics methods. The Shapiro–Francia, Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and the logistic regression method were used. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. RESULTS: Women of the gynecomorphic body type were characterized by a significant decrease in the relative values of active cellular and skeletal muscle mass (p=0.001; p=0.001), and the phase angle value until 12–14 days after surgery (p=0.001). Men of the andromorphic body type were characterized by a significant decrease in the relative values of active cell mass (p=0.001) and the phase angle until 12–14 days after surgery (p=0.001). In women of a gynecomorphic morphotype, the likelihood of postoperative complications was 4 times higher than in women of an andromorphic morphotype (p=0.001). Representatives of the mesomorphic body morphotype of both sexes were characterized by stable bioimpedance measurements during the entire postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Low values of the phase angle in men and women, as well as the classic gynecomorphic body type in women can be used in oncoabdominal surgery as predictors of a high risk postoperative complications developing in patients with gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers.
{"title":"Anthropometric and bioimpedansometric predictors of postoperative complications in patients with gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers","authors":"Ekaterina A. Gorbunova, Sergei S. Startsev, I. P. Safontsev, R. Zukov","doi":"10.17816/kmj529696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj529696","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Among the most common intra-abdominal complications of surgical treatment of gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers are acute postoperative pancreatitis and abdominal abscesses. \u0000AIM: Identification and study of anthropometric and bioimpedansometric predictors of the complicated course of the postoperative period in patients with gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: 250 patients with gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers, 123 men and 127 women, were examined. All subjects underwent radical surgical treatment. In the postoperative period, postoperative complications were recorded in 40 patients. All subjects underwent anthropometric and bioimpedance examination. Height and body weight, transverse diameter of the chest, width of the shoulders and pelvis, waist and hip circumference, and body morphotype were determined. Bioimpedansometric examination was carried out before surgery and in the postoperative period using a domestic hardware and software complex with determination of the body component composition and the phase angle value. The phase angle of impedance reflected the metabolic rate in the body. The results were statistically processed using descriptive statistics methods. The Shapiro–Francia, Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and the logistic regression method were used. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: Women of the gynecomorphic body type were characterized by a significant decrease in the relative values of active cellular and skeletal muscle mass (p=0.001; p=0.001), and the phase angle value until 12–14 days after surgery (p=0.001). Men of the andromorphic body type were characterized by a significant decrease in the relative values of active cell mass (p=0.001) and the phase angle until 12–14 days after surgery (p=0.001). In women of a gynecomorphic morphotype, the likelihood of postoperative complications was 4 times higher than in women of an andromorphic morphotype (p=0.001). Representatives of the mesomorphic body morphotype of both sexes were characterized by stable bioimpedance measurements during the entire postoperative period. \u0000CONCLUSION: Low values of the phase angle in men and women, as well as the classic gynecomorphic body type in women can be used in oncoabdominal surgery as predictors of a high risk postoperative complications developing in patients with gastric and cardioesophageal junction cancers.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"46 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140796114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nataliya A. Smolko, Rezeda A. Fayzullina, Y. Mukhamedshina
Autism spectrum disorder is the fastest growing form of nervous and mental development disorder in the world. In this regard, there is a special need to resolve issues of diagnosis and correction of not only the main symptoms of this disease, but also numerous associated somatic disorders. One of the common clinical manifestations in children with autism spectrum disorder is pathological eating behavior, which includes disturbances in eating habits and preferences, frequency of meals, etc. Despite the fact that eating disorders can also occur among normotypical coevals, in children with autism spectrum disorder, these manifestations are clinically more diverse, vary in severity and often appear earlier than the main symptoms of the disease. It must be emphasized that the correction of certain nutritional disorders in this group of children is often difficult due to the characteristics of the course of the underlying disease. This may be further exacerbated by increased parental anxiety. A timely solution to the problem of eating behavior in children with autistic disorder is of great importance for strengthening their health and reducing the severity of the underlying disease, since the connection between neuropsychic and somatic health is inseparable. In the review, we tried to identify the main factors involved in the formation of eating disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder, and presented existing practical tools for analyzing this medical problem and managing their nutrition for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
{"title":"Eating disorders in preschool and primary school children with autism spectrum disorder and its clinical significance","authors":"Nataliya A. Smolko, Rezeda A. Fayzullina, Y. Mukhamedshina","doi":"10.17816/kmj587985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj587985","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder is the fastest growing form of nervous and mental development disorder in the world. In this regard, there is a special need to resolve issues of diagnosis and correction of not only the main symptoms of this disease, but also numerous associated somatic disorders. One of the common clinical manifestations in children with autism spectrum disorder is pathological eating behavior, which includes disturbances in eating habits and preferences, frequency of meals, etc. Despite the fact that eating disorders can also occur among normotypical coevals, in children with autism spectrum disorder, these manifestations are clinically more diverse, vary in severity and often appear earlier than the main symptoms of the disease. It must be emphasized that the correction of certain nutritional disorders in this group of children is often difficult due to the characteristics of the course of the underlying disease. This may be further exacerbated by increased parental anxiety. A timely solution to the problem of eating behavior in children with autistic disorder is of great importance for strengthening their health and reducing the severity of the underlying disease, since the connection between neuropsychic and somatic health is inseparable. In the review, we tried to identify the main factors involved in the formation of eating disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder, and presented existing practical tools for analyzing this medical problem and managing their nutrition for preventive and therapeutic purposes.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"25 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Cherkasskaya, A. Petraikin, O. Omelyanskaya, Denis V. Leonov, Yuriy A. Vasilev
The use of computed tomography during diagnostic examinations makes it a source of additional radiation exposure to patients. In this regard, the development of test objects (phantoms) that simulate the X-ray properties of tissues, including for preliminary assessment of the ionizing radiation distribution, becomes relevant. These test objects play an important role in quality control and the development of new medical imaging methods in conditions where test scans of patients are not possible. Although a range of ready-made solutions is available on the market, there is a lack of prototypes with a certain set of properties to test scientific and practical hypotheses in solving specific clinical and technical problems. Finding materials for a fast and inexpensive production process and studying their properties could provide insight into the effectiveness of their use in making phantoms. The purpose of the work is to search and analyze materials for creating phantoms used in computed tomography. The article discusses materials for the production of non-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic phantoms, including those printed on a 3D printer. The development of three-dimensional printing has facilitated the transition from simple test objects to high-precision anthropomorphic phantoms made from tissue-mimicking materials that have equivalent signals on computer tomograms. Plastics, silicones, polyvinyl chloride, resins, liquids are used for visualizations identical to soft tissues; plastics, gypsum, photopolymers, potassium hydrogen orthophosphate, calcium hydroxyapatite, plexiglass — for hard tissues. Commercial phantoms are made from materials with reproducible, stable properties, but these same materials must be retested to create test objects specific to a particular clinical task.
在诊断检查过程中使用计算机断层扫描技术会对患者造成额外的辐射照射。因此，开发模拟组织 X 射线特性的测试物体（模型），包括对电离辐射分布进行初步评估，就变得非常重要。在无法对患者进行测试扫描的情况下，这些测试对象在质量控制和新医学成像方法的开发中发挥着重要作用。虽然市场上有一系列现成的解决方案，但在解决特定的临床和技术问题时，还缺乏具有一定特性的原型来测试科学和实用的假设。寻找快速、廉价的生产工艺材料并研究其特性，可以深入了解其在制作模型中的使用效果。这项工作的目的是搜索和分析用于制作计算机断层扫描中所用模型的材料。文章讨论了用于制作非拟人和拟人模型的材料，包括用三维打印机打印的模型。三维打印技术的发展促进了从简单的测试物体向高精度拟人化模型的过渡，拟人化模型由组织模拟材料制成，在计算机断层扫描中具有等效信号。塑料、硅酮、聚氯乙烯、树脂、液体用于与软组织相同的可视化；塑料、石膏、光聚合物、正磷酸氢钾、羟基磷灰石钙、有机玻璃--用于硬组织。商用模型由具有可重复、稳定特性的材料制成，但必须对这些材料进行重新测试，以创建特定临床任务的测试对象。
{"title":"Review of materials and technological solutions for creating phantoms used in computed tomography","authors":"M. Cherkasskaya, A. Petraikin, O. Omelyanskaya, Denis V. Leonov, Yuriy A. Vasilev","doi":"10.17816/kmj623971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj623971","url":null,"abstract":"The use of computed tomography during diagnostic examinations makes it a source of additional radiation exposure to patients. In this regard, the development of test objects (phantoms) that simulate the X-ray properties of tissues, including for preliminary assessment of the ionizing radiation distribution, becomes relevant. These test objects play an important role in quality control and the development of new medical imaging methods in conditions where test scans of patients are not possible. Although a range of ready-made solutions is available on the market, there is a lack of prototypes with a certain set of properties to test scientific and practical hypotheses in solving specific clinical and technical problems. Finding materials for a fast and inexpensive production process and studying their properties could provide insight into the effectiveness of their use in making phantoms. The purpose of the work is to search and analyze materials for creating phantoms used in computed tomography. The article discusses materials for the production of non-anthropomorphic and anthropomorphic phantoms, including those printed on a 3D printer. The development of three-dimensional printing has facilitated the transition from simple test objects to high-precision anthropomorphic phantoms made from tissue-mimicking materials that have equivalent signals on computer tomograms. Plastics, silicones, polyvinyl chloride, resins, liquids are used for visualizations identical to soft tissues; plastics, gypsum, photopolymers, potassium hydrogen orthophosphate, calcium hydroxyapatite, plexiglass — for hard tissues. Commercial phantoms are made from materials with reproducible, stable properties, but these same materials must be retested to create test objects specific to a particular clinical task.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The foramen ovale between the right and left atria remains open in 15–25% of people over 18 years of age and in most of them it does not manifest itself clinically. At the same time, the defect is associated with a number of diseases and conditions: the development of atrial fibrillation, worsening the degree of hypoxemia in patients with pulmonary diseases, etc. There are studies devoted to the influence of a patent foramen ovale on the occurrence and course of cryptogenic stroke, migraine, syncope, dizziness, transient global amnesia, visual impairment and ocular movement disorders. However, the actual contribution of patent foramen ovale to the development of neurological disorders remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this work was to assess the significance of a patent foramen ovale in the development of neurological disorders in adults and children by analyzing literature data for the period from 2012 to 2022. In the process of studying the literature, a high prevalence of the defect was identified among patients with stroke and migraine (especially migraine with aura). At the same time, data from randomized clinical trials in patients with stroke and migraine showed selectively high effectiveness of closure of the patent foramen ovale in certain groups of patients. The association of patent foramen ovale with transient global amnesia, syncope, and dizziness has been confirmed in a limited number of studies. Cases of visual impairment and ocular movement disorders associated with the presence of a patent foramen ovale have been described. Thus, it was concluded that a patent foramen ovale is a risk factor for the development of neurological disorders only in certain groups of patients with stroke and migraine. The connection between the defect and the development of transient global amnesia, syncope, dizziness, visual impairment, as well as the development of neurological pathology in children requires further research.
{"title":"Neurological disorders associated with patent foramen ovale","authors":"Polina D. Perevezentseva, D. Gaynetdinova","doi":"10.17816/kmj591372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj591372","url":null,"abstract":"The foramen ovale between the right and left atria remains open in 15–25% of people over 18 years of age and in most of them it does not manifest itself clinically. At the same time, the defect is associated with a number of diseases and conditions: the development of atrial fibrillation, worsening the degree of hypoxemia in patients with pulmonary diseases, etc. There are studies devoted to the influence of a patent foramen ovale on the occurrence and course of cryptogenic stroke, migraine, syncope, dizziness, transient global amnesia, visual impairment and ocular movement disorders. However, the actual contribution of patent foramen ovale to the development of neurological disorders remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this work was to assess the significance of a patent foramen ovale in the development of neurological disorders in adults and children by analyzing literature data for the period from 2012 to 2022. In the process of studying the literature, a high prevalence of the defect was identified among patients with stroke and migraine (especially migraine with aura). At the same time, data from randomized clinical trials in patients with stroke and migraine showed selectively high effectiveness of closure of the patent foramen ovale in certain groups of patients. The association of patent foramen ovale with transient global amnesia, syncope, and dizziness has been confirmed in a limited number of studies. Cases of visual impairment and ocular movement disorders associated with the presence of a patent foramen ovale have been described. Thus, it was concluded that a patent foramen ovale is a risk factor for the development of neurological disorders only in certain groups of patients with stroke and migraine. The connection between the defect and the development of transient global amnesia, syncope, dizziness, visual impairment, as well as the development of neurological pathology in children requires further research.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. A. Bogomolova, I. Antoneeva, D. Dolgova, T. Abakumova, T. P. Gening
BACKGROUND: The chemokine CXCL8 and its receptor are involved in the activation and transport of inflammatory mediators and regulate the proliferation and renewal of cancer stem cells in colon cancer. It is believed that CXC signaling may be associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. AIM: To study the possibilities of using CXCL8-CXCR1/2 pathway indicators as markers in colorectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isolation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from histological sections of tumors obtained intraoperatively from 59 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer was carried out using magnetic particles, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in real time was performed. Calculation of the normalized expression of the CXCL8 and CXCR1 genes relative to the referee gene was done using special software. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 3.0, BioStat v. 7.1 programs. Comparisons of characteristics were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Cox and Kaplan–Meier criteria were used to analyze overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS: The expression of CXCL8 in intestinal adenocarcinoma cells with low differentiation [Me (Q1–Q3) — 8.770 (1.127–1.114)] was significantly higher than in the groups of moderately and well differentiated tumors (p=0.004 and p=0.012, respectively); and in tumor tissue refractory to chemotherapy, it was significantly higher [4.374 (2.052–7.045)] compared to resistant [2.200 (1.388–5.037); p=0.008] and sensitive [1.624 (0.739–2.586); p=0.042]. The level of CXCR1 messenger RNA in tumor tissue was increased in the presence of BRAF mutation [3.645 (0.801–1.090); p=0.009] and low tumor differentiation [6.965 (3.938–12.225); p=0.002], as well as in tumor tissue refractory to FOLFOX/XELOX chemotherapy [46.224 (27.580–83.570); p=0.0009]. CONCLUSION: Expression of components of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 signaling pathway in tumor tissue may be a marker of sensitivity to FOLFOX/XELOX chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
{"title":"Chemokine CXCL8 and its receptors as markers of colorectal cancer","authors":"I. A. Bogomolova, I. Antoneeva, D. Dolgova, T. Abakumova, T. P. Gening","doi":"10.17816/kmj609502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj609502","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The chemokine CXCL8 and its receptor are involved in the activation and transport of inflammatory mediators and regulate the proliferation and renewal of cancer stem cells in colon cancer. It is believed that CXC signaling may be associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. \u0000AIM: To study the possibilities of using CXCL8-CXCR1/2 pathway indicators as markers in colorectal cancer. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isolation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from histological sections of tumors obtained intraoperatively from 59 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer was carried out using magnetic particles, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in real time was performed. Calculation of the normalized expression of the CXCL8 and CXCR1 genes relative to the referee gene was done using special software. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 3.0, BioStat v. 7.1 programs. Comparisons of characteristics were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Cox and Kaplan–Meier criteria were used to analyze overall and disease-free survival. \u0000RESULTS: The expression of CXCL8 in intestinal adenocarcinoma cells with low differentiation [Me (Q1–Q3) — 8.770 (1.127–1.114)] was significantly higher than in the groups of moderately and well differentiated tumors (p=0.004 and p=0.012, respectively); and in tumor tissue refractory to chemotherapy, it was significantly higher [4.374 (2.052–7.045)] compared to resistant [2.200 (1.388–5.037); p=0.008] and sensitive [1.624 (0.739–2.586); p=0.042]. The level of CXCR1 messenger RNA in tumor tissue was increased in the presence of BRAF mutation [3.645 (0.801–1.090); p=0.009] and low tumor differentiation [6.965 (3.938–12.225); p=0.002], as well as in tumor tissue refractory to FOLFOX/XELOX chemotherapy [46.224 (27.580–83.570); p=0.0009]. \u0000CONCLUSION: Expression of components of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 signaling pathway in tumor tissue may be a marker of sensitivity to FOLFOX/XELOX chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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