BACKGROUND: The phenotypic and pathophysiological heterogeneity of patients with chronic heart failure increases the interest of researchers in grouping according to similar clinical and genetic characteristics based on cluster analysis. AIM: To identify phenotypic subgroups in a multivariate cohort of patients with chronic heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease using uncontrolled cluster analysis of clinical, instrumental and genetic components. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 470 patients with chronic heart failure of functional class I–IV, stable course, ischemic etiology of both sexes at the age of 66.4±10.4 years were examined. A clinical study was conducted, genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms rs10927875 of the ZBTB17 gene, rs247616 of the CETP gene, rs1143634 of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 of the TNF gene, rs1800795 of the IL-6 gene was carried out, and patient outcomes were assessed for 5 years. Quantitative data were presented as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range; categorical — as frequencies and percentages. Categorical intergroup differences were tested using the χ2 test, and quantitative differences were tested using the Student/Mann–Whitney test. Hierarchical clustering was carried out according to 44 demographic, clinical, genetic variables, time to event was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method, risk ratio — by Cox regression. Statistical processing was carried out in the R4.3.1 program. RESULTS: Two clusters of patients with heart failure were identified. Cluster 1 (66%) included older patients of both sexes, predominantly functional class III–IV chronic heart failure, with enlarged heart chambers, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, higher heart rate, atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy. In this cluster, more carriers of the GG genotype of the rs1800795 polymorphism of the IL-6 gene (p 0.001) and the CT genotype of the rs247616 polymorphism of the CETP gene (p=0.014) were identified. Cluster 2 (34%) was represented predominantly by younger women, with a higher metabolic index, a history of myocardial infarction and coronary intervention, smokers, and a larger proportion of the TT genotype of the rs247616 polymorphism of the CETP gene (p=0.029). CONCLUSION: 2 clusters of patients with chronic heart failure, characterized by a different set of 44 variables that determine the risk of death from all causes, were identified.
{"title":"Cluster approach to identifying the 5-year prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic etiology","authors":"Elena V. Khazova","doi":"10.17816/kmj624249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj624249","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The phenotypic and pathophysiological heterogeneity of patients with chronic heart failure increases the interest of researchers in grouping according to similar clinical and genetic characteristics based on cluster analysis. \u0000AIM: To identify phenotypic subgroups in a multivariate cohort of patients with chronic heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease using uncontrolled cluster analysis of clinical, instrumental and genetic components. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: 470 patients with chronic heart failure of functional class I–IV, stable course, ischemic etiology of both sexes at the age of 66.4±10.4 years were examined. A clinical study was conducted, genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms rs10927875 of the ZBTB17 gene, rs247616 of the CETP gene, rs1143634 of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 of the TNF gene, rs1800795 of the IL-6 gene was carried out, and patient outcomes were assessed for 5 years. Quantitative data were presented as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range; categorical — as frequencies and percentages. Categorical intergroup differences were tested using the χ2 test, and quantitative differences were tested using the Student/Mann–Whitney test. Hierarchical clustering was carried out according to 44 demographic, clinical, genetic variables, time to event was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method, risk ratio — by Cox regression. Statistical processing was carried out in the R4.3.1 program. \u0000RESULTS: Two clusters of patients with heart failure were identified. Cluster 1 (66%) included older patients of both sexes, predominantly functional class III–IV chronic heart failure, with enlarged heart chambers, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, higher heart rate, atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy. In this cluster, more carriers of the GG genotype of the rs1800795 polymorphism of the IL-6 gene (p 0.001) and the CT genotype of the rs247616 polymorphism of the CETP gene (p=0.014) were identified. Cluster 2 (34%) was represented predominantly by younger women, with a higher metabolic index, a history of myocardial infarction and coronary intervention, smokers, and a larger proportion of the TT genotype of the rs247616 polymorphism of the CETP gene (p=0.029). \u0000CONCLUSION: 2 clusters of patients with chronic heart failure, characterized by a different set of 44 variables that determine the risk of death from all causes, were identified.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"118 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: GrobbeeEJ, WissePHA, SchreudersEH, van RoonA, van DamL, ZauberAG, Lansdorp-VogelaarI, BramerW, BerhaneS, DeeksJJ, SteyerbergEW, van LeerdamME, SpaanderMCW, KuipersEJ. Guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests versus faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022. Issue6. Art. No.: CD009276. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009276.pub2
本出版物是 Cochrane 系统综述通俗语言摘要 (PLS) 的俄文译本：GrobbeeEJ, WissePHA, SchreudersEH, van RoonA, van DamL, ZauberAG, Lansdorp-VogelaarI, BramerW, BerhaneS, DeeksJJ, SteyerbergEW, van LeerdamME, SpaanderMCW, KuipersEJ.基于愈创木酚的粪便隐血试验与粪便免疫化学试验用于普通风险人群的结直肠癌筛查。Cochrane 系统综述数据库》。2022.Issue6.Art.doi：10.1002/14651858.CD009276.pub2
{"title":"Guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests versus faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals","authors":"","doi":"10.17816/kmj632134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj632134","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: GrobbeeEJ, WissePHA, SchreudersEH, van RoonA, van DamL, ZauberAG, Lansdorp-VogelaarI, BramerW, BerhaneS, DeeksJJ, SteyerbergEW, van LeerdamME, SpaanderMCW, KuipersEJ. Guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests versus faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022. Issue6. Art. No.: CD009276. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009276.pub2","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Retroelements (retrotransposons and endogenous retroviruses) are a class of mobile genetic elements that move in the genome by inserting their own reverse transcribed transcripts. They serve as drivers of epigenetic regulation; therefore, individual characteristics of the distribution of retroelements in the genome influence the development of multifactorial diseases. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease with an immune response against pancreatic β cells. The role of heredity in the development of the disease is estimated at 88%, and the role of allelic variants of various genes is determined. There are also other specific types of diabetes mellitus, which account for more than 2% of cases of diabetes mellitus and are monogenic diseases with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance due to germline mutations in the MODY genes, including HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, HNF1B. Most patients with type 1 diabetes have the protein product and ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the insulin inhibitor HERV-W-Env, which is caused by abnormal expression of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). An assumption has been made about the role of retroelements in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. This is due to their involvement in the phylogenetic formation of the endocrine system, since in evolution retroelements turned out to be sources of regulatory sequences of hormone genes, nuclear hormone receptors and binding sites for them. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with the integration of HERV into the HLA-DQ gene region, with allelic variants and sizes of VNTR variable tandem repeats (part of the SVA retroelements), which regulate the expression of the insulin gene and other hormones. For this reason, it is likely that the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus may be based on individual characteristics of the distribution of HERVs in the human genome and their dynamic changes in ontogenesis. HERVs also play a role in the etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus through the activation of an autoimmune response, the triggering factors of which are exogenous viral infections and stress. Thus, retroelements are involved in various mechanisms of the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, which reflects their global regulatory influence on endocrine regulation.
{"title":"The role of retroelements of the human genome in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus","authors":"R. N. Mustafin","doi":"10.17816/kmj601841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj601841","url":null,"abstract":"Retroelements (retrotransposons and endogenous retroviruses) are a class of mobile genetic elements that move in the genome by inserting their own reverse transcribed transcripts. They serve as drivers of epigenetic regulation; therefore, individual characteristics of the distribution of retroelements in the genome influence the development of multifactorial diseases. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease with an immune response against pancreatic β cells. The role of heredity in the development of the disease is estimated at 88%, and the role of allelic variants of various genes is determined. There are also other specific types of diabetes mellitus, which account for more than 2% of cases of diabetes mellitus and are monogenic diseases with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance due to germline mutations in the MODY genes, including HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, HNF1B. Most patients with type 1 diabetes have the protein product and ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the insulin inhibitor HERV-W-Env, which is caused by abnormal expression of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). An assumption has been made about the role of retroelements in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. This is due to their involvement in the phylogenetic formation of the endocrine system, since in evolution retroelements turned out to be sources of regulatory sequences of hormone genes, nuclear hormone receptors and binding sites for them. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with the integration of HERV into the HLA-DQ gene region, with allelic variants and sizes of VNTR variable tandem repeats (part of the SVA retroelements), which regulate the expression of the insulin gene and other hormones. For this reason, it is likely that the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus may be based on individual characteristics of the distribution of HERVs in the human genome and their dynamic changes in ontogenesis. HERVs also play a role in the etiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus through the activation of an autoimmune response, the triggering factors of which are exogenous viral infections and stress. Thus, retroelements are involved in various mechanisms of the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, which reflects their global regulatory influence on endocrine regulation.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Anemia is a common problem with atrial fibrillation. There is a limited number of studies examining the role of iron deficiency anemia in the course of atrial fibrillation. AIM: To evaluate the association of iron deficiency anemia with the development of recurrent atrial fibrillation within 12 months in patients after pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 198 patients over 18 years of age [120 (60.6%) men and 78 (39.4%) women, median age 71 (63.2; 77) years] with paroxysmal non-valvular atrial fibrillation and duration of paroxysm 48 h, after successful pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone. The group with anemia included 99 patients (all had iron deficiency anemia), the group without anemia included 99 people. Patients with anemia were older; the groups were comparable in other main indicators. The development of recurrent atrial fibrillation over 1 year of follow-up was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Differences were considered statistically significant at a p value 0.05. RESULTS: In the iron deficiency anemia group, symptomatic relapses of atrial fibrillation developed in 40.4% of patients during 1 year of observation; in the group without anemia — in 25.3% of patients (p=0.003). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that iron deficiency anemia is associated with an increased risk of developing recurrent atrial fibrillation within 1 year after pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone, relative risk 1.87 (p=0.014). Comparison of the risks associated with iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency (regardless of the presence of anemia) showed a greater risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation associated with iron deficiency than with anemia (for interaction p=0.014). CONCLUSION: A comparison of the risks of developing recurrent atrial fibrillation in patients with iron deficiency itself and in patients with iron deficiency anemia showed a greater influence on the prognosis of recurrent atrial fibrillation by the presence of iron deficiency.
{"title":"Association of iron deficiency anemia with the development of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation within a year after pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone","authors":"M. Valeev, N. R. Khasanov","doi":"10.17816/kmj625660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj625660","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Anemia is a common problem with atrial fibrillation. There is a limited number of studies examining the role of iron deficiency anemia in the course of atrial fibrillation. \u0000AIM: To evaluate the association of iron deficiency anemia with the development of recurrent atrial fibrillation within 12 months in patients after pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 198 patients over 18 years of age [120 (60.6%) men and 78 (39.4%) women, median age 71 (63.2; 77) years] with paroxysmal non-valvular atrial fibrillation and duration of paroxysm 48 h, after successful pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone. The group with anemia included 99 patients (all had iron deficiency anemia), the group without anemia included 99 people. Patients with anemia were older; the groups were comparable in other main indicators. The development of recurrent atrial fibrillation over 1 year of follow-up was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Differences were considered statistically significant at a p value 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: In the iron deficiency anemia group, symptomatic relapses of atrial fibrillation developed in 40.4% of patients during 1 year of observation; in the group without anemia — in 25.3% of patients (p=0.003). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that iron deficiency anemia is associated with an increased risk of developing recurrent atrial fibrillation within 1 year after pharmacological cardioversion with amiodarone, relative risk 1.87 (p=0.014). Comparison of the risks associated with iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency (regardless of the presence of anemia) showed a greater risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation associated with iron deficiency than with anemia (for interaction p=0.014). \u0000CONCLUSION: A comparison of the risks of developing recurrent atrial fibrillation in patients with iron deficiency itself and in patients with iron deficiency anemia showed a greater influence on the prognosis of recurrent atrial fibrillation by the presence of iron deficiency.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SK Pinaev, Valery V. Starinsky, Aleksey Yaroslavovich Chizhov, OG Pinaeva
BACKGROUND: Studying the etiology of leukemia is necessary to develop measures to prevent this pathology. AIM: Conduct a comparative analysis of the relationship between trends in the incidence of leukemia with forest fires and solar activity in different age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information on the incidence of leukemia in Russia in 1990–2019 was provided by the Moscow Research Oncological Institute named after P.A. Hertsen. Data on solar activity (Wolf numbers) and the number of forest fires were taken from open sources. A Pearson correlation analysis of dynamic series of environmental factors and the incidence of leukemia was carried out in 11 iterations with a time delay (lag) of 0–10 years. The obtained data was compared with similar information for the regions of Russia, the USA and Canada. RESULTS: A trend towards an increase in the incidence of leukemia in children and adults has been established in the populations of Russia, the USA and Canada. A relationship between the number of forest fires and the incidence of leukemia was found in 35 regions of Russia; the average correlation coefficient and lag were comparable to those previously identified in the Khabarovsk Territory. The correlation of Wolf numbers with the frequency of leukemia has been established in pediatric and full-age populations of Russia, Canada and the USA. In the full-age population of Russia, a tendency towards an increased connection between the frequency of leukemia and solar activity was revealed: in 1990–1999, the correlation was 0.697; in 2000–2009 it increased to 0.815; in 2010–2019 reached a very strong level (0.920), while the lag decreased from 6 to 4 years. CONCLUSION: Fluctuations in the incidence of leukemia in all age groups in Russia correlate with the number of forest fires and solar activity.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the relationship between leukemia trends with forest fires and solar activity in different age groups","authors":"SK Pinaev, Valery V. Starinsky, Aleksey Yaroslavovich Chizhov, OG Pinaeva","doi":"10.17816/kmj625488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj625488","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Studying the etiology of leukemia is necessary to develop measures to prevent this pathology. \u0000AIM: Conduct a comparative analysis of the relationship between trends in the incidence of leukemia with forest fires and solar activity in different age groups. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information on the incidence of leukemia in Russia in 1990–2019 was provided by the Moscow Research Oncological Institute named after P.A. Hertsen. Data on solar activity (Wolf numbers) and the number of forest fires were taken from open sources. A Pearson correlation analysis of dynamic series of environmental factors and the incidence of leukemia was carried out in 11 iterations with a time delay (lag) of 0–10 years. The obtained data was compared with similar information for the regions of Russia, the USA and Canada. \u0000RESULTS: A trend towards an increase in the incidence of leukemia in children and adults has been established in the populations of Russia, the USA and Canada. A relationship between the number of forest fires and the incidence of leukemia was found in 35 regions of Russia; the average correlation coefficient and lag were comparable to those previously identified in the Khabarovsk Territory. The correlation of Wolf numbers with the frequency of leukemia has been established in pediatric and full-age populations of Russia, Canada and the USA. In the full-age population of Russia, a tendency towards an increased connection between the frequency of leukemia and solar activity was revealed: in 1990–1999, the correlation was 0.697; in 2000–2009 it increased to 0.815; in 2010–2019 reached a very strong level (0.920), while the lag decreased from 6 to 4 years. \u0000CONCLUSION: Fluctuations in the incidence of leukemia in all age groups in Russia correlate with the number of forest fires and solar activity.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"44 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Kazan, training in the “midwifery art” has been carried out for more than 200 years. Scattered publications contain information about the influence of the St. Petersburg school of obstetricians and gynecologists on the formation of the Kazan school of obstetricians and gynecologists. It is of interest to establish connections, continuity and development of the Kazan school with the St. Petersburg school of obstetricians and gynecologists. The study of primary sources showed that from the moment the obstetric clinic was created in Kazan in 1833, its first leaders communicated with St. Petersburg colleagues, adopting their experience (Lentovsky A.E., Kozlov A.I.). Subsequently, obstetrics and gynecology department and clinic of the medical faculty of the Kazan Imperial University were led by students of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy (Slavyansky K.F., Florinsky V.M., Fenomenov N.N., Gruzdev V.S.). All of them at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries made a lot of efforts for the scientific and practical development of obstetrics and gynecology in Kazan. A particularly noticeable mark was left by Professor V.S. Gruzdev, creating an independent scientific and practical school of Kazan obstetricians and gynecologists. Later his work was continued by student of V.S. Gruzdev — Professor P.V. Manenkov with his students.
{"title":"To the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Kazan Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","authors":"L. A. Kozlov, Kseniya A. Chikmareva","doi":"10.17816/kmj632624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj632624","url":null,"abstract":"In Kazan, training in the “midwifery art” has been carried out for more than 200 years. Scattered publications contain information about the influence of the St. Petersburg school of obstetricians and gynecologists on the formation of the Kazan school of obstetricians and gynecologists. It is of interest to establish connections, continuity and development of the Kazan school with the St. Petersburg school of obstetricians and gynecologists. The study of primary sources showed that from the moment the obstetric clinic was created in Kazan in 1833, its first leaders communicated with St. Petersburg colleagues, adopting their experience (Lentovsky A.E., Kozlov A.I.). Subsequently, obstetrics and gynecology department and clinic of the medical faculty of the Kazan Imperial University were led by students of the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy (Slavyansky K.F., Florinsky V.M., Fenomenov N.N., Gruzdev V.S.). All of them at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries made a lot of efforts for the scientific and practical development of obstetrics and gynecology in Kazan. A particularly noticeable mark was left by Professor V.S. Gruzdev, creating an independent scientific and practical school of Kazan obstetricians and gynecologists. Later his work was continued by student of V.S. Gruzdev — Professor P.V. Manenkov with his students.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"45 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aigul M. Barieva, Viktor V. Valiullin, Alexander N. Samoilov
BACKGROUND: With optic nerve degeneration of various origins, retinal neurons are the most vulnerable, and their state under these conditions has been studied in sufficient detail. At the same time, the retinal pigment epithelium plays a very important role, realizing the synthesis of melanin and performing antioxidant, phagocytic, transport, protective, and homeostatic functions. Tyrosinase serves as a key enzyme in melanogenesis by cells of this epithelium. The development of methods for early diagnosis of optic nerve atrophy is extremely important due to the fact that functional visual impairments appear later than structural ones, at more advanced stages of the disease. The retinal pigment epithelium cannot be insensitive to the processes that occur during optic nerve degeneration. That is why its study in experimental degeneration of the optic nerve is necessary for a more complete understanding of the processes occurring in the visual analyzer under these conditions. AIM: To study changes in the level of tyrosinase expression in the retinal pigment epithelium at different development stages of experimental optic nerve degeneration based on morphological data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subjects of the study were 40 rat eyes after creating a model of optic nerve atrophy using methanol. The animals were divided into five groups: the first group — control; the second to fifth groups included animals whose eyes were enucleated 1, 3, 6 and 9 weeks after the creation of the aminophylline-methanol model of optic nerve atrophy, respectively. The retinal pigment epithelium was studied using fluorescent antibodies to tyrosinase Tyrosinase Mouse Monoclonal. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on fixed transverse sections of the eyeball. Statistical analysis and visualization of the obtained data were carried out using the environment for statistical computing R 4.2.2. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of the results obtained revealed that the level of tyrosinase expression in the fifth group was on average 4.21 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.49–7.13, p=0.00076], 9.31 times (95% CI 5.47–15.85, p=0.00033), 2.63 times (95% CI 1.51–4.58, p=0.0009) and 3.44 times (95% CI 1.96–6.03, p=0.00055) higher compared to the first, second, third and fourth groups, respectively. The level of tyrosinase in experimental samples in the first, third and fourth groups was statistically higher compared to the level of tyrosinase in the second group by an average of 2.21 times (95% CI 1.33–3.66, p=0.0003), 3.53 times (95% CI 2.08–6.02, p=0.00069) and 2.71 times (95% CI 1.58–4.65, p=0.00022), respectively. CONCLUSION: As degenerative processes develop in the optic nerve fibers under these conditions, the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium is disrupted, which is characterized by an increase in antibodies to tyrosinase in the retinal pigment epithelium of experimental animals.
背景：在各种原因引起的视神经变性中，视网膜神经元是最脆弱的，人们已经对它们在这种情况下的状态进行了足够详细的研究。同时，视网膜色素上皮起着非常重要的作用，它能实现黑色素的合成，并发挥抗氧化、吞噬、运输、保护和平衡功能。酪氨酸酶是该上皮细胞生成黑色素的关键酶。视神经萎缩的功能性视力损害比结构性视力损害出现得晚，而且是在疾病的晚期阶段，因此开发早期诊断视神经萎缩的方法极为重要。视网膜色素上皮对视神经变性过程不可能不敏感。因此，有必要对视网膜色素上皮在视神经变性实验中的变化进行研究，以便更全面地了解在这种情况下视觉分析器的变化过程。目的：根据形态学数据研究视网膜色素上皮细胞在实验性视神经变性不同发育阶段酪氨酸酶表达水平的变化。材料与方法：研究对象是用甲醇建立视神经萎缩模型后的 40 只大鼠眼睛。动物被分为五组：第一组--对照组；第二组至第五组包括分别在建立氨茶碱-甲醇视神经萎缩模型 1、3、6 和 9 周后进行眼球摘除的动物。使用酪氨酸酶酪氨酸酶小鼠单克隆荧光抗体对视网膜色素上皮进行研究。对固定的眼球横切面进行免疫荧光染色。使用 R 4.2.2 统计计算环境对所得数据进行统计分析和可视化。结果：对所得结果的比较分析表明，第五组的酪氨酸酶表达水平平均为 4.21 倍[95% 置信区间（CI）2.49-7.13，P=0.00076]，9.31倍（95% CI 5.47-15.85，p=0.00033）、2.63倍（95% CI 1.51-4.58，p=0.0009）和3.44倍（95% CI 1.96-6.03，p=0.00055）。据统计，第一组、第三组和第四组实验样本中的酪氨酸酶水平与第二组相比分别平均高出 2.21 倍（95% CI 1.33-3.66，p=0.0003）、3.53 倍（95% CI 2.08-6.02，p=0.00069）和 2.71 倍（95% CI 1.58-4.65，p=0.00022）。结论：在这些条件下，视神经纤维发生变性过程，视网膜色素上皮的完整性受到破坏，其特征是实验动物视网膜色素上皮中的酪氨酸酶抗体增加。
{"title":"Changes in the level of tyrosinase expression in the retinal pigment epithelium during the development of experimental optic nerve degeneration","authors":"Aigul M. Barieva, Viktor V. Valiullin, Alexander N. Samoilov","doi":"10.17816/kmj562752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj562752","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: With optic nerve degeneration of various origins, retinal neurons are the most vulnerable, and their state under these conditions has been studied in sufficient detail. At the same time, the retinal pigment epithelium plays a very important role, realizing the synthesis of melanin and performing antioxidant, phagocytic, transport, protective, and homeostatic functions. Tyrosinase serves as a key enzyme in melanogenesis by cells of this epithelium. The development of methods for early diagnosis of optic nerve atrophy is extremely important due to the fact that functional visual impairments appear later than structural ones, at more advanced stages of the disease. The retinal pigment epithelium cannot be insensitive to the processes that occur during optic nerve degeneration. That is why its study in experimental degeneration of the optic nerve is necessary for a more complete understanding of the processes occurring in the visual analyzer under these conditions. \u0000AIM: To study changes in the level of tyrosinase expression in the retinal pigment epithelium at different development stages of experimental optic nerve degeneration based on morphological data. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The subjects of the study were 40 rat eyes after creating a model of optic nerve atrophy using methanol. The animals were divided into five groups: the first group — control; the second to fifth groups included animals whose eyes were enucleated 1, 3, 6 and 9 weeks after the creation of the aminophylline-methanol model of optic nerve atrophy, respectively. The retinal pigment epithelium was studied using fluorescent antibodies to tyrosinase Tyrosinase Mouse Monoclonal. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on fixed transverse sections of the eyeball. Statistical analysis and visualization of the obtained data were carried out using the environment for statistical computing R 4.2.2. \u0000RESULTS: A comparative analysis of the results obtained revealed that the level of tyrosinase expression in the fifth group was on average 4.21 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.49–7.13, p=0.00076], 9.31 times (95% CI 5.47–15.85, p=0.00033), 2.63 times (95% CI 1.51–4.58, p=0.0009) and 3.44 times (95% CI 1.96–6.03, p=0.00055) higher compared to the first, second, third and fourth groups, respectively. The level of tyrosinase in experimental samples in the first, third and fourth groups was statistically higher compared to the level of tyrosinase in the second group by an average of 2.21 times (95% CI 1.33–3.66, p=0.0003), 3.53 times (95% CI 2.08–6.02, p=0.00069) and 2.71 times (95% CI 1.58–4.65, p=0.00022), respectively. \u0000CONCLUSION: As degenerative processes develop in the optic nerve fibers under these conditions, the integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium is disrupted, which is characterized by an increase in antibodies to tyrosinase in the retinal pigment epithelium of experimental animals.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"43 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandr G. Zhidyaevskij, G. Galyautdinov, V. Mendelevich
BACKGROUND: Psychosocial risk factors influence the development and progression of chronic heart failure. Early identification and correction of psychosocial risk factors can reduce their negative impact on the severity of heart failure. AIM: To determine a set of clinical characteristics, socio-demographic indicators, personal and psychological characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease depending on the level of psychosocial adaptation to chronic heart failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 120 patients with coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure. The “Questionnaire for assessing psychosocial adaptation of patients with coronary heart disease to chronic heart failure” developed by the authors was used. Based on the testing results, patients were divided into three groups: adapted, conditionally adapted and maladapted. The first group included 40 patients, the second — 65, and the third — 15. The severity of the clinical course of heart failure, adherence to therapy and the presence of comorbid pathology were assessed. The characteristics of personal response, the severity of neurotic states, a tendency toward type D personality, quality of life, level of social support, and cognitive functions were studied. The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients (age, gender, level of education, position held, level of earnings, nature of alcohol consumption) were analyzed. Statistical and correlation data analysis was performed using the statistical computing environment R 4.2.1. The critical level of significance was considered to be p=0.05. RESULTS: The severity of heart failure decreased (τ=0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.50, p 0.0001); indicators of left ventricular ejection fraction (ρ=–0.46, 95% confidence interval from –0.59 to –0.30, p 0.0001) and quality of life (ρ=0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.73, p 0.0001) increased as the level of psychosocial adaptation increased. Adapted and maladapted patients differed in age (p=0.0411), level of education (p=0.0179), position (p=0.0217), personal (p 0.0001) and family (p=0.015) financial well-being, characteristics of personal response, severity of neurotic disorders, as well as the level of social support (p 0.05), adherence to treatment (p=0.0004). Type D personality was registered in 100% of maladapted patients. Adapted patients had higher values of cognitive functions (26.5±4.2 points) and lower comorbidity index scores (5.8±2.7 points) than maladapted patients (23.6±2.3 points, p=0.003; 8.7±3.6 points, p=0.0033). CONCLUSION: Differences in the severity of the clinical course of the disease, socio-demographic characteristics, personal and psychological characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease were found as the level of psychosocial adaptation to heart failure decreased.
{"title":"Analysis of the characteristic features of psychosocial adaptation of patients with coronary heart disease to chronic heart failure","authors":"Aleksandr G. Zhidyaevskij, G. Galyautdinov, V. Mendelevich","doi":"10.17816/kmj626822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj626822","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Psychosocial risk factors influence the development and progression of chronic heart failure. Early identification and correction of psychosocial risk factors can reduce their negative impact on the severity of heart failure. \u0000AIM: To determine a set of clinical characteristics, socio-demographic indicators, personal and psychological characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease depending on the level of psychosocial adaptation to chronic heart failure. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 120 patients with coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure. The “Questionnaire for assessing psychosocial adaptation of patients with coronary heart disease to chronic heart failure” developed by the authors was used. Based on the testing results, patients were divided into three groups: adapted, conditionally adapted and maladapted. The first group included 40 patients, the second — 65, and the third — 15. The severity of the clinical course of heart failure, adherence to therapy and the presence of comorbid pathology were assessed. The characteristics of personal response, the severity of neurotic states, a tendency toward type D personality, quality of life, level of social support, and cognitive functions were studied. The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients (age, gender, level of education, position held, level of earnings, nature of alcohol consumption) were analyzed. Statistical and correlation data analysis was performed using the statistical computing environment R 4.2.1. The critical level of significance was considered to be p=0.05. \u0000RESULTS: The severity of heart failure decreased (τ=0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.50, p 0.0001); indicators of left ventricular ejection fraction (ρ=–0.46, 95% confidence interval from –0.59 to –0.30, p 0.0001) and quality of life (ρ=0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.73, p 0.0001) increased as the level of psychosocial adaptation increased. Adapted and maladapted patients differed in age (p=0.0411), level of education (p=0.0179), position (p=0.0217), personal (p 0.0001) and family (p=0.015) financial well-being, characteristics of personal response, severity of neurotic disorders, as well as the level of social support (p 0.05), adherence to treatment (p=0.0004). Type D personality was registered in 100% of maladapted patients. Adapted patients had higher values of cognitive functions (26.5±4.2 points) and lower comorbidity index scores (5.8±2.7 points) than maladapted patients (23.6±2.3 points, p=0.003; 8.7±3.6 points, p=0.0033). \u0000CONCLUSION: Differences in the severity of the clinical course of the disease, socio-demographic characteristics, personal and psychological characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease were found as the level of psychosocial adaptation to heart failure decreased.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the analysis of the first clinical application of alloplant biomaterial in cardiac surgery for the treatment of congenital heart defects. Alloplant technology— processing of cadaver material— was developed by Professor E.R.Muldashev in the late 1970s for the needs of ophthalmic surgery and has proven itself to be the best. Taking into account the extensive positive experience in ophthalmic surgery, we jointly created an alloplant from the pulmonary artery, aorta, and then from the vena cava for use in the surgical treatment of congenital heart defects, including in children of the first year of life. The article presents the results of treatment of a small group of patients with similar diagnoses and a long follow-up period.
{"title":"Experience of using alloplant biomaterial in the treatment of congenital aortic pathology","authors":"L. M. Mirolyubov, Ildar N. Nurmeev","doi":"10.17816/kmj629876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj629876","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the first clinical application of alloplant biomaterial in cardiac surgery for the treatment of congenital heart defects. Alloplant technology— processing of cadaver material— was developed by Professor E.R.Muldashev in the late 1970s for the needs of ophthalmic surgery and has proven itself to be the best. Taking into account the extensive positive experience in ophthalmic surgery, we jointly created an alloplant from the pulmonary artery, aorta, and then from the vena cava for use in the surgical treatment of congenital heart defects, including in children of the first year of life. The article presents the results of treatment of a small group of patients with similar diagnoses and a long follow-up period.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"93 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. V. Boychuk, Maria V. Nigmetzyanova, Vadim S. Vorobyov
The paper gives a general description of the Kazan neurohistological school, formed on the basis of the Department of Histology of the Imperial Kazan University. The creation of the school is inextricably linked with the name of Professor K.A. Arnstein and his direct students— A.S. Dogel and A.E. Smirnova. The classification of neurons of the autonomic nervous system created by A.S. Dogel is widely known. Due to the efforts of A.E. Smirnov scientific relationships were established with the school of S. Ramon-y-Cajal. Subsequent generations of Kazan histologists (D.A. Timofeev, A.N. Mislavsky, B.I. Lavrentyev) with their research in the field of morphology of the nervous system increased the glory of the Kazan neurohistological school. Its branches gave a powerful impetus to the development of neuromorphology in other domestic scientific laboratories (B.I. Lavrentiev, Moscow; A.S. Dogel, St.Petersburg; N.G. Kolosov, Volga region). Histologists also maintained constant contact with clinicians. Outstanding neurologists who worked in Kazan— V.M. Bekhterev and L.O. Darkshevich— in their research actively collaborated with employees of the Department of Histology— K.A. Arnstein and A.S. Dogel. In the early 20s of the 19th century, surgeon P.M. Krasin carried out detailed work on the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves, ophthalmologist A.G. Agababov was the first to describe the endings of sensory nerves in the ciliary muscle. Conducting independent research, dentist I.M. Oksman and his students developed the theory of the innervation of the tooth and oral mucosa, making their contribution to the study of the organization of the nervous system. The last quarter of the 20th century was marked by the active work of Professor E.G. Ulumbekov, who managed to organize several schools of neurobiology in Kazan on the basis of the Department of Histology, bringing together young and famous scientists involved in research of nervous tissue. Students of E.G. Ulumbekov (Yu.A. Chelyshev, N.P. Rezvyakov, V.V. Valiullin, R.R. Islamov) continued the work of previous generations of histologists, preserving the traditions of the Kazan neurohistological school.
{"title":"The importance of the scientific school created on the basis of the Department of Histology of the Kazan State Medical University (on the occasion of the 160th anniversary of the department)","authors":"N. V. Boychuk, Maria V. Nigmetzyanova, Vadim S. Vorobyov","doi":"10.17816/kmj606655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj606655","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives a general description of the Kazan neurohistological school, formed on the basis of the Department of Histology of the Imperial Kazan University. The creation of the school is inextricably linked with the name of Professor K.A. Arnstein and his direct students— A.S. Dogel and A.E. Smirnova. The classification of neurons of the autonomic nervous system created by A.S. Dogel is widely known. Due to the efforts of A.E. Smirnov scientific relationships were established with the school of S. Ramon-y-Cajal. Subsequent generations of Kazan histologists (D.A. Timofeev, A.N. Mislavsky, B.I. Lavrentyev) with their research in the field of morphology of the nervous system increased the glory of the Kazan neurohistological school. Its branches gave a powerful impetus to the development of neuromorphology in other domestic scientific laboratories (B.I. Lavrentiev, Moscow; A.S. Dogel, St.Petersburg; N.G. Kolosov, Volga region). Histologists also maintained constant contact with clinicians. Outstanding neurologists who worked in Kazan— V.M. Bekhterev and L.O. Darkshevich— in their research actively collaborated with employees of the Department of Histology— K.A. Arnstein and A.S. Dogel. In the early 20s of the 19th century, surgeon P.M. Krasin carried out detailed work on the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves, ophthalmologist A.G. Agababov was the first to describe the endings of sensory nerves in the ciliary muscle. Conducting independent research, dentist I.M. Oksman and his students developed the theory of the innervation of the tooth and oral mucosa, making their contribution to the study of the organization of the nervous system. The last quarter of the 20th century was marked by the active work of Professor E.G. Ulumbekov, who managed to organize several schools of neurobiology in Kazan on the basis of the Department of Histology, bringing together young and famous scientists involved in research of nervous tissue. Students of E.G. Ulumbekov (Yu.A. Chelyshev, N.P. Rezvyakov, V.V. Valiullin, R.R. Islamov) continued the work of previous generations of histologists, preserving the traditions of the Kazan neurohistological school.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"615 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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