Daria V. Ivanova, Rinat A. Khabirov, Ayrat U. Ziganshin
Background. Ectonucleotidases hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control the effect of these substances on purinergic P1 and P2 receptors. Aim. To evaluate the activity of ectonucleotidases in the smooth muscle tissues of internal organs of 9-month-old rats with the valproate model of autism using high-performance liquid chromatography. Material and methods. Autism was modeled in outbred Wistar rats by administering valproic acid (500 mg/kg) subcutaneously to pregnant females on days 12–13 of pregnancy. The born offspring were used in the study when the rats reached 270±8 days. Animals were guillotined under light ether anesthesia, the bladder, uterus, vas deferens, and duodenum were isolated, and smooth muscle tissue samples were prepared. Total ectonucleotidase activity was determined by incubating tissue samples with adenosine triphosphate (reaction substrate) for 10 minutes with further assessment of the content of the substrate and reaction products (adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate) in the incubate using high-performance liquid chromatography. Mathematical and statistical processing of the results was carried out using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. Group comparisons were made using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. Differences were considered significant at p 0.05. Results. In rats with the valproate model of autism, the activity of ectonucleotidases in the smooth muscle tissues of the vas deferens (609.5±153.9) and uterus (232.7±2) was significantly lower than control values (2114.6±524.3, p=0.040; 539.6±63.5, p=0.010, respectively). In the duodenum (1808.4±184.5) and bladder (1021.3±280.7) we did not find a significant difference compared to the control values (2115.0±393.3, p=0.712; 2302.3±615.8, p=0.274, respectively). This study allows us to evaluate the possible contribution of purinergic transmission to the changes we found earlier in the contractile activity of smooth muscle tissue in rats with the valproate model of autism. Conclusion. In 9-month-old rats with a model of autism, the activity of ectonucleotidases in the smooth muscle tissues of the reproductive organs is reduced; no such changes were found in the tissues of the intestines and bladder.
{"title":"Activity of enzymes destroying extracellular nucleotides in the tissues of rats with the valproate model of autism","authors":"Daria V. Ivanova, Rinat A. Khabirov, Ayrat U. Ziganshin","doi":"10.17816/kmj611074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj611074","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ectonucleotidases hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control the effect of these substances on purinergic P1 and P2 receptors. Aim. To evaluate the activity of ectonucleotidases in the smooth muscle tissues of internal organs of 9-month-old rats with the valproate model of autism using high-performance liquid chromatography. Material and methods. Autism was modeled in outbred Wistar rats by administering valproic acid (500 mg/kg) subcutaneously to pregnant females on days 12–13 of pregnancy. The born offspring were used in the study when the rats reached 270±8 days. Animals were guillotined under light ether anesthesia, the bladder, uterus, vas deferens, and duodenum were isolated, and smooth muscle tissue samples were prepared. Total ectonucleotidase activity was determined by incubating tissue samples with adenosine triphosphate (reaction substrate) for 10 minutes with further assessment of the content of the substrate and reaction products (adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate) in the incubate using high-performance liquid chromatography. Mathematical and statistical processing of the results was carried out using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. Group comparisons were made using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. Differences were considered significant at p 0.05. Results. In rats with the valproate model of autism, the activity of ectonucleotidases in the smooth muscle tissues of the vas deferens (609.5±153.9) and uterus (232.7±2) was significantly lower than control values (2114.6±524.3, p=0.040; 539.6±63.5, p=0.010, respectively). In the duodenum (1808.4±184.5) and bladder (1021.3±280.7) we did not find a significant difference compared to the control values (2115.0±393.3, p=0.712; 2302.3±615.8, p=0.274, respectively). This study allows us to evaluate the possible contribution of purinergic transmission to the changes we found earlier in the contractile activity of smooth muscle tissue in rats with the valproate model of autism. Conclusion. In 9-month-old rats with a model of autism, the activity of ectonucleotidases in the smooth muscle tissues of the reproductive organs is reduced; no such changes were found in the tissues of the intestines and bladder.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria N. Parygina, V. A. Rubtsov, Sofia V. Ivanova, A. G. Shimanskaya, A. Kononov
Microsatellite instability is a widely known and sought after tumor marker. Among other things, its prevalence and role in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma are being studied. However, the profile of microsatellite instability during precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa (atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, epithelial dysplasia) remains insufficiently studied. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the possibility of using microsatellite instability status as a diagnostic and predictive marker of precancerous changes and lesions of the gastric mucosa. A systematic review of publications in the PubMed database was conducted using a search query based on the combination of the terms “microsatellite instability” (“MSI”), “stomach/gastric cancer/adenocarcinoma”, “stomach/gastric dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia”, “stomach/gastric precancerous lesions” for the period from 1997 to 2023. Review articles were excluded from the search results. The systematic review included 11 relevant publications. Despite the lack of a uniform methodology and diversity in the study groups, all publications demonstrated an increase in the level of microsatellite instability in the range from normal (unchanged) gastric mucosa and/or its precancerous changes to gastric cancer: among precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa, the most common subject of study was intestinal metaplasia, where levels of microsatellite instability ranged from 0 to 53.3%, while its levels in gastric cancer ranged from 32.6 to 76.7%. The results of the studies included in the review may indicate a possible predictive role of microsatellite instability in precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa in relation to the risk of developing cancer.
{"title":"Microsatellite instability in precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa","authors":"Maria N. Parygina, V. A. Rubtsov, Sofia V. Ivanova, A. G. Shimanskaya, A. Kononov","doi":"10.17816/kmj567950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj567950","url":null,"abstract":"Microsatellite instability is a widely known and sought after tumor marker. Among other things, its prevalence and role in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma are being studied. However, the profile of microsatellite instability during precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa (atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, epithelial dysplasia) remains insufficiently studied. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the possibility of using microsatellite instability status as a diagnostic and predictive marker of precancerous changes and lesions of the gastric mucosa. A systematic review of publications in the PubMed database was conducted using a search query based on the combination of the terms “microsatellite instability” (“MSI”), “stomach/gastric cancer/adenocarcinoma”, “stomach/gastric dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia”, “stomach/gastric precancerous lesions” for the period from 1997 to 2023. Review articles were excluded from the search results. The systematic review included 11 relevant publications. Despite the lack of a uniform methodology and diversity in the study groups, all publications demonstrated an increase in the level of microsatellite instability in the range from normal (unchanged) gastric mucosa and/or its precancerous changes to gastric cancer: among precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa, the most common subject of study was intestinal metaplasia, where levels of microsatellite instability ranged from 0 to 53.3%, while its levels in gastric cancer ranged from 32.6 to 76.7%. The results of the studies included in the review may indicate a possible predictive role of microsatellite instability in precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa in relation to the risk of developing cancer.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"33 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SK Pinaev, A. Kaprin, Valery V. Starinskiy, A. Chizhov, OG Pinaeva
Background. Studying the causes of tumors of the central nervous system is necessary to increase the effectiveness of this pathology prevention. Aim. To study the relationship between solar activity and forest fire smoke and the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system in Russia. Material and methods. Data on the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system in Russia in 1990–2019 were provided by the Moscow Research Oncological Institute named after P.A. Herzen. Information on solar activity (average annual Wolf numbers) and the number of forest fires was obtained from open sources. A Pearson correlation analysis of time series of environmental factors intensity and morbidity was carried out in 11 iterations with a time delay of 0–10 years. The average values of connection strength and lags were calculated using the method of moments. Results. A relationship between the number of forest fires and the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system was identified in 34 regions. The average correlation coefficient at the age of 0–4 years was 0.543±0.042 (lag 5.6±2.2); in 0–14 years — 0.492±0.039 (lag 3.1±0.8), in 0–85+ years — 0.549±0.059 (lag 4.8±1.5). The connection between solar activity and the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system in the 1st decade of the study (1990–1999) was found in 39 regions of Russia, in the 2nd and 3rd decades — in 45 regions. The average correlation coefficient was 0.704–0.767. In the full-age (0–85+ years) population of Russia, a trend toward an increase in the strength of the connection was revealed over time: in the 1st decade (1990–1999) r=0.719; in the 2nd (2000–2009) r=0.871; in the 3rd (2010–2019) r=0.899. The lag value, on the contrary, decreased from 6 years in 1990–2009 to 3 years in 2010–2019. Conclusion. The incidence of central nervous system tumors in Russia correlates with the number of forest fires and solar activity. Further research is needed to clarify cause-and-effect relationships.
{"title":"Relationship between solar activity, forest fire smoke and the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system in Russia","authors":"SK Pinaev, A. Kaprin, Valery V. Starinskiy, A. Chizhov, OG Pinaeva","doi":"10.17816/kmj568997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj568997","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Studying the causes of tumors of the central nervous system is necessary to increase the effectiveness of this pathology prevention. \u0000Aim. To study the relationship between solar activity and forest fire smoke and the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system in Russia. \u0000Material and methods. Data on the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system in Russia in 1990–2019 were provided by the Moscow Research Oncological Institute named after P.A. Herzen. Information on solar activity (average annual Wolf numbers) and the number of forest fires was obtained from open sources. A Pearson correlation analysis of time series of environmental factors intensity and morbidity was carried out in 11 iterations with a time delay of 0–10 years. The average values of connection strength and lags were calculated using the method of moments. \u0000Results. A relationship between the number of forest fires and the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system was identified in 34 regions. The average correlation coefficient at the age of 0–4 years was 0.543±0.042 (lag 5.6±2.2); in 0–14 years — 0.492±0.039 (lag 3.1±0.8), in 0–85+ years — 0.549±0.059 (lag 4.8±1.5). The connection between solar activity and the incidence of tumors of the central nervous system in the 1st decade of the study (1990–1999) was found in 39 regions of Russia, in the 2nd and 3rd decades — in 45 regions. The average correlation coefficient was 0.704–0.767. In the full-age (0–85+ years) population of Russia, a trend toward an increase in the strength of the connection was revealed over time: in the 1st decade (1990–1999) r=0.719; in the 2nd (2000–2009) r=0.871; in the 3rd (2010–2019) r=0.899. The lag value, on the contrary, decreased from 6 years in 1990–2009 to 3 years in 2010–2019. \u0000Conclusion. The incidence of central nervous system tumors in Russia correlates with the number of forest fires and solar activity. Further research is needed to clarify cause-and-effect relationships.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"71 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga S. Aminova, Nataliya N. Tyatenkova, Svetlana B. Sokolova
Background. Global trends in recent years are associated with an increase in the proportion of young people who are overweight and obese, that is why studying the prevalence of physical development disorders and assessing risk factors are necessary for the development of preventive measures. Aim. Assessment of the prevalence and likelihood of developing overweight and obesity in working and studying youth depending on certain lifestyle factors. Material and methods. An anthropometric examination was carried out on 513 young men and 1465 young women (average age 21.3±0.09 and 21.2±0.05 years, respectively) living in the Yaroslavl region. Among men and women, people of different social status were identified: working and studying young men (average age 22.9±0.12 and 20.3±0.08 years; p=0.0001) working and studying young women (average age 22.9 ±0.07 and 20.3±0.04 years; p=0.0001). The questionnaire method was used to determine the lifestyle characteristics of young people (drinking alcohol, smoking, irregular physical activity, sleep and eating disorders). Comparison of independent groups was performed using the Wald–Wolfowitz and Mann–Whitney tests, the presence of differences between proportions was performed using the χ2 criterion, and predictors were assessed using the odds ratio. Results. Overweight was found in 23.2% of males and 11.5% of females (p=0.0001), 23.5% of working men and 23.0% of male students (p=0.897), 10.5% of working women and 12.0% female students (p=0.364). Obesity was noted in 7.8% of men and 4.0% of women (p=0.0001), 7.0% of working males and 8.3% of male students (p=0.591), 6.6% of working females and 2.7% female students (p=0.0001). Among the lifestyle factors studied, the chances of developing overweight and obesity increased only among female students due to smoking (2.26 times, p=0.002). Conclusion. The frequency of overweight and obesity among Yaroslavl young men is 2 times higher than among young women; among young men of different social status, the distribution of youth by body mass index did not differ; among working females, obesity was more common than among students; the chances of developing overweight and obesity among female students who smoked were higher compared to female students who did not smoke.
{"title":"Assessment of some behavioral risk factors for the development of overweight and obesity in young people","authors":"Olga S. Aminova, Nataliya N. Tyatenkova, Svetlana B. Sokolova","doi":"10.17816/kmj560947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj560947","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Global trends in recent years are associated with an increase in the proportion of young people who are overweight and obese, that is why studying the prevalence of physical development disorders and assessing risk factors are necessary for the development of preventive measures. \u0000Aim. Assessment of the prevalence and likelihood of developing overweight and obesity in working and studying youth depending on certain lifestyle factors. \u0000Material and methods. An anthropometric examination was carried out on 513 young men and 1465 young women (average age 21.3±0.09 and 21.2±0.05 years, respectively) living in the Yaroslavl region. Among men and women, people of different social status were identified: working and studying young men (average age 22.9±0.12 and 20.3±0.08 years; p=0.0001) working and studying young women (average age 22.9 ±0.07 and 20.3±0.04 years; p=0.0001). The questionnaire method was used to determine the lifestyle characteristics of young people (drinking alcohol, smoking, irregular physical activity, sleep and eating disorders). Comparison of independent groups was performed using the Wald–Wolfowitz and Mann–Whitney tests, the presence of differences between proportions was performed using the χ2 criterion, and predictors were assessed using the odds ratio. \u0000Results. Overweight was found in 23.2% of males and 11.5% of females (p=0.0001), 23.5% of working men and 23.0% of male students (p=0.897), 10.5% of working women and 12.0% female students (p=0.364). Obesity was noted in 7.8% of men and 4.0% of women (p=0.0001), 7.0% of working males and 8.3% of male students (p=0.591), 6.6% of working females and 2.7% female students (p=0.0001). Among the lifestyle factors studied, the chances of developing overweight and obesity increased only among female students due to smoking (2.26 times, p=0.002). \u0000Conclusion. The frequency of overweight and obesity among Yaroslavl young men is 2 times higher than among young women; among young men of different social status, the distribution of youth by body mass index did not differ; among working females, obesity was more common than among students; the chances of developing overweight and obesity among female students who smoked were higher compared to female students who did not smoke.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"139 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diliara М. Sharifullina, Olesya V. Borisenko, Rustem N. Khaуrullin
Background. Over the past decades, the role of the microbial factor in the development of atherosclerosis has been discussed. To date, data on the composition of the microflora of atherosclerotic plaques have been accumulated, but in these studies the blood microflora in atherosclerosis was not studied. Aim. To determine the contamination frequency of biopsy samples of atherosclerotic plaques and peripheral blood with cultured microorganisms in patients with atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study in 35 patients with atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries; the average age of the patients was 58.2±8.3 years, was performed. Blood and atherosclerotic plaque samples from 23 men (mean age 58.6±10.3 years) and 12 women (mean age 57.3±14.3 years) were examined. Anaerobic flasks for blood cultivation were incubated at 35 °C for up to 6 months, from which they were regularly inoculated onto solid nutrient media to obtain culture growth. Cultures of tissues of atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries in test tubes with thioglycollate medium were thermostated until visible growth of the culture was obtained; observation was carried out for up to 2 months. Identification of crops was carried out using commercial kits. For statistical analysis of the results obtained, the equality of the average values in two samples was checked using the Student’s statistical reliability test. Correlation analysis of the tightness of the connection was carried out using the Spearman rank correlation method. Results. The frequency of detection of microorganisms in samples of atherosclerotic plaques was 48.6% (17/35), including Cutibacterium acnes — in 31.4% (11/35), the genus Staphylococcus — in 22.9% (8/35), associations of these microorganisms — in 5.7% (2/35) of samples. C. acnes was cultured in the blood of 11.4% (4/35) of patients. In 5.7% (2/35) of patients, cultures of C. acnes bacteria were isolated from both atherosclerotic plaque biopsies and blood. Bacterial cultures exhibited slow growth on nutrient media. Correlation analysis of the closeness of the connection according to the Chaddock scale demonstrated the presence of a high and very high closeness of connection between the amount of high-density lipoproteins and the daily growth of C. acnes in atherosclerotic plaques (p=0.812) and blood (rxy=–0.969), the content of leukocytes showed a very high closeness of connection with days of growth of C. acnes in the blood (rxy=–0.957); Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant relationship with the fact of detection of C. acnes cultures in atherosclerotic plaques (p=0.013). Conclusion. Bacterial cultures isolated from blood samples and atherosclerotic plaques of patients with atherosclerosis had slow growth on nutrient media, and the period of their growth or the fact of detection correlated with the number of leukocytes and the level of high-density lipoproteins in the blood of patients.
{"title":"Microflora of atherosclerotic plaques and blood of patients with atherosclerosis","authors":"Diliara М. Sharifullina, Olesya V. Borisenko, Rustem N. Khaуrullin","doi":"10.17816/kmj321861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj321861","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Over the past decades, the role of the microbial factor in the development of atherosclerosis has been discussed. To date, data on the composition of the microflora of atherosclerotic plaques have been accumulated, but in these studies the blood microflora in atherosclerosis was not studied. \u0000Aim. To determine the contamination frequency of biopsy samples of atherosclerotic plaques and peripheral blood with cultured microorganisms in patients with atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries. \u0000Material and methods. A cross-sectional study in 35 patients with atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries; the average age of the patients was 58.2±8.3 years, was performed. Blood and atherosclerotic plaque samples from 23 men (mean age 58.6±10.3 years) and 12 women (mean age 57.3±14.3 years) were examined. Anaerobic flasks for blood cultivation were incubated at 35 °C for up to 6 months, from which they were regularly inoculated onto solid nutrient media to obtain culture growth. Cultures of tissues of atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid arteries in test tubes with thioglycollate medium were thermostated until visible growth of the culture was obtained; observation was carried out for up to 2 months. Identification of crops was carried out using commercial kits. For statistical analysis of the results obtained, the equality of the average values in two samples was checked using the Student’s statistical reliability test. Correlation analysis of the tightness of the connection was carried out using the Spearman rank correlation method. \u0000Results. The frequency of detection of microorganisms in samples of atherosclerotic plaques was 48.6% (17/35), including Cutibacterium acnes — in 31.4% (11/35), the genus Staphylococcus — in 22.9% (8/35), associations of these microorganisms — in 5.7% (2/35) of samples. C. acnes was cultured in the blood of 11.4% (4/35) of patients. In 5.7% (2/35) of patients, cultures of C. acnes bacteria were isolated from both atherosclerotic plaque biopsies and blood. Bacterial cultures exhibited slow growth on nutrient media. Correlation analysis of the closeness of the connection according to the Chaddock scale demonstrated the presence of a high and very high closeness of connection between the amount of high-density lipoproteins and the daily growth of C. acnes in atherosclerotic plaques (p=0.812) and blood (rxy=–0.969), the content of leukocytes showed a very high closeness of connection with days of growth of C. acnes in the blood (rxy=–0.957); Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant relationship with the fact of detection of C. acnes cultures in atherosclerotic plaques (p=0.013). \u0000Conclusion. Bacterial cultures isolated from blood samples and atherosclerotic plaques of patients with atherosclerosis had slow growth on nutrient media, and the period of their growth or the fact of detection correlated with the number of leukocytes and the level of high-density lipoproteins in the blood of patients.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"117 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. Plutnitsky, Timur R. Makirov, Bulat N. Karimov
The possibility of unifying the training of neurosurgeons using the experience of different countries seems to be the most promising. At the same time, the uniqueness of the countries, the historical facts of the development of the neurosurgical specialty, scientific and technical achievements in them determined the diversity and specificity of individual neurosurgical schools. As a result, there is no unified model for a neurosurgical training program. In order to study the peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in foreign countries for the subsequent development of optimal models for training and advanced training of neurosurgery specialists in the Russian Federation, a search for foreign information was conducted in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, eLibrary.ru, RSCI for 2015–2022 to study the peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in the USA, England, Germany, Italy, Turkey. The analysis undertaken showed that the scope and training programs for neurosurgeons have their own characteristics in a number of countries. Thus, the duration of residency training in neurosurgery varies from 2 years in Russia to 6 years in Italy, Germany and 8 years in the UK. In the USA, postgraduate education for training a neurosurgeon includes 7 years of residency. Training programs also differ: in Italy they focus on primarily mastering practical skills; in Germany, during a 6-year training program, the student must master a wide range of theoretical and practical surgical skills. In the UK, training takes place in several stages: at the initial stage, mastering basic surgical skills common to all surgical specialties, skills and competencies in the field of basic neurosurgical care and emergency medicine. Competencies are further developed in relation to traumatic brain injury, degenerative spinal diseases, neuro-oncology and many other conditions. The final stage of training in the UK is in-depth neurosurgical training with the student spending a large amount of time in the operating room. In the USA, the “red thread” is the interdisciplinary integration of competencies and technologies. International cooperation within the framework of global neurosurgery is considered as the main vector for the development of the neurosurgical industry. The possibility of unifying the training of neurosurgeons using the experience of different countries and creating a global platform for the exchange of knowledge in the field of neurosurgery seem to be the most promising and useful in revising the training programs for neurosurgeons in our country.
利用不同国家的经验对神经外科医生进行统一培训的可能性似乎是最有希望的。同时，各国的独特性、神经外科专业发展的历史事实、科学技术成就决定了各个神经外科流派的多样性和特殊性。因此，神经外科培训计划没有统一的模式。为了研究国外神经外科医生培训的特点，以便后续开发俄罗斯联邦神经外科专家培训和高级培训的最佳模型，在2015-2022年期间，在Scopus、Web of Science、MedLine、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Global Health、CyberLeninka、elibrar .ru、RSCI等数据库中检索国外信息，研究美国、英国、德国、意大利的神经外科医生培训的特点。火鸡。所进行的分析表明，神经外科医生的范围和培训计划在许多国家都有自己的特点。因此，神经外科住院医师培训的时间从俄罗斯的2年到意大利、德国的6年和英国的8年不等。在美国，培养神经外科医生的研究生教育包括7年的住院医师。培训项目也有所不同:在意大利，他们主要侧重于掌握实用技能;在德国，在为期6年的培训计划中，学生必须掌握广泛的理论和实践外科技能。在英国，培训分几个阶段进行:在初始阶段，掌握所有外科专业共有的基本外科技能、基本神经外科护理和急诊医学领域的技能和能力。进一步发展与创伤性脑损伤、退行性脊柱疾病、神经肿瘤学和许多其他疾病有关的能力。在英国培训的最后阶段是深度神经外科训练，学生在手术室花费大量时间。在美国，“红线”是能力和技术的跨学科整合。全球神经外科框架内的国际合作被认为是神经外科产业发展的主要载体。利用不同国家的经验统一神经外科医生的培训，建立一个全球神经外科领域知识交流的平台，似乎是修改我国神经外科医生培训计划最有希望和有用的可能性。
{"title":"Peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in modern conditions using the example of a number of foreign countries","authors":"A. N. Plutnitsky, Timur R. Makirov, Bulat N. Karimov","doi":"10.17816/kmj623587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj623587","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of unifying the training of neurosurgeons using the experience of different countries seems to be the most promising. At the same time, the uniqueness of the countries, the historical facts of the development of the neurosurgical specialty, scientific and technical achievements in them determined the diversity and specificity of individual neurosurgical schools. As a result, there is no unified model for a neurosurgical training program. In order to study the peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in foreign countries for the subsequent development of optimal models for training and advanced training of neurosurgery specialists in the Russian Federation, a search for foreign information was conducted in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, eLibrary.ru, RSCI for 2015–2022 to study the peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in the USA, England, Germany, Italy, Turkey. The analysis undertaken showed that the scope and training programs for neurosurgeons have their own characteristics in a number of countries. Thus, the duration of residency training in neurosurgery varies from 2 years in Russia to 6 years in Italy, Germany and 8 years in the UK. In the USA, postgraduate education for training a neurosurgeon includes 7 years of residency. Training programs also differ: in Italy they focus on primarily mastering practical skills; in Germany, during a 6-year training program, the student must master a wide range of theoretical and practical surgical skills. In the UK, training takes place in several stages: at the initial stage, mastering basic surgical skills common to all surgical specialties, skills and competencies in the field of basic neurosurgical care and emergency medicine. Competencies are further developed in relation to traumatic brain injury, degenerative spinal diseases, neuro-oncology and many other conditions. The final stage of training in the UK is in-depth neurosurgical training with the student spending a large amount of time in the operating room. In the USA, the “red thread” is the interdisciplinary integration of competencies and technologies. International cooperation within the framework of global neurosurgery is considered as the main vector for the development of the neurosurgical industry. The possibility of unifying the training of neurosurgeons using the experience of different countries and creating a global platform for the exchange of knowledge in the field of neurosurgery seem to be the most promising and useful in revising the training programs for neurosurgeons in our country.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"60 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Spiral computed tomography makes it possible to visualize in detail the anatomical structures of the spinal column and thereby makes it possible to create a regulatory framework for the subsequent assessment of the results of this research method. Aim. To determine the anatomical parameters for assessing the cervical spine in normal conditions and with Kimmerle’s anomaly according to spiral computed tomography. Material and methods. Spiral computed tomograms (in DICOM format) of the cervical spine of people aged 21 to 70 years of both sexes who do not have pathology of the cervical spine (n=54), as well as with Kimmerle anomaly (n=36), were studied. The width, height and length of the cervical vertebral bodies were analyzed, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the atlas, the thickness of the anterior arch of the atlas were measured, the transverse-longitudinal index of the atlas, and the ratio of the width of the arch to the transverse diameter of the atlas were calculated. The parameters of the vaulted foramen were measured: the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of the vaulted foramen and the thickness of the bone bridge. Processing of statistical material was carried out using the application package Excel and Statistica 10.0. To assess the normality of data distribution, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The reliability of differences in the average values of independent samples was assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test in case of non-normal distribution of the initial data. Changes were considered significant at p 0.05. Results. In those examined without pathology of the cervical spine and with Kimmerle's anomaly, the vertebral body height indicators were characterized by a decrease from CII to CIII, with a subsequent increase from CIII to CVII; the vertebral body width and length indicators increased from CII to CVII. According to spiral computed tomography data, in examined patients with Kimmerle anomaly, the average values [M (SD)] of the width of the posterior arch of the atlas on the right [8.8 (2.0) mm] and on the left [9.1 (1.7) mm], the ratio of the posterior arch to the transverse diameter of the atlas on the right [11.2 (2.6)%] and on the left [11.8 (2.2)%] was significantly (p 0.05) higher than similar sizes [7.5 (1.5) mm; 7.5 (1.1) mm; 9.6 (1.8)%; 9.6 (1.4)%, respectively] in people who did not have pathology of the cervical spine. Conclusion. In patients with Kimmerle's anomaly, compared with the norm, there are differences in the width of the arch of the atlas, the ratio of the posterior arch to the transverse diameter of the atlas on the right and left.
{"title":"Anatomical parameters for assessing the cervical spine in normal conditions and with Kimmerle anomaly according to spiral computed tomography data","authors":"E. Chaplygina, B. M. Kalashaov, M. B. Kuchieva","doi":"10.17816/kmj340835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj340835","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Spiral computed tomography makes it possible to visualize in detail the anatomical structures of the spinal column and thereby makes it possible to create a regulatory framework for the subsequent assessment of the results of this research method. \u0000Aim. To determine the anatomical parameters for assessing the cervical spine in normal conditions and with Kimmerle’s anomaly according to spiral computed tomography. \u0000 \u0000Material and methods. Spiral computed tomograms (in DICOM format) of the cervical spine of people aged 21 to 70 years of both sexes who do not have pathology of the cervical spine (n=54), as well as with Kimmerle anomaly (n=36), were studied. The width, height and length of the cervical vertebral bodies were analyzed, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the atlas, the thickness of the anterior arch of the atlas were measured, the transverse-longitudinal index of the atlas, and the ratio of the width of the arch to the transverse diameter of the atlas were calculated. The parameters of the vaulted foramen were measured: the vertical and anteroposterior dimensions of the vaulted foramen and the thickness of the bone bridge. Processing of statistical material was carried out using the application package Excel and Statistica 10.0. To assess the normality of data distribution, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The reliability of differences in the average values of independent samples was assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test in case of non-normal distribution of the initial data. Changes were considered significant at p 0.05. \u0000Results. In those examined without pathology of the cervical spine and with Kimmerle's anomaly, the vertebral body height indicators were characterized by a decrease from CII to CIII, with a subsequent increase from CIII to CVII; the vertebral body width and length indicators increased from CII to CVII. According to spiral computed tomography data, in examined patients with Kimmerle anomaly, the average values [M (SD)] of the width of the posterior arch of the atlas on the right [8.8 (2.0) mm] and on the left [9.1 (1.7) mm], the ratio of the posterior arch to the transverse diameter of the atlas on the right [11.2 (2.6)%] and on the left [11.8 (2.2)%] was significantly (p 0.05) higher than similar sizes [7.5 (1.5) mm; 7.5 (1.1) mm; 9.6 (1.8)%; 9.6 (1.4)%, respectively] in people who did not have pathology of the cervical spine. \u0000Conclusion. In patients with Kimmerle's anomaly, compared with the norm, there are differences in the width of the arch of the atlas, the ratio of the posterior arch to the transverse diameter of the atlas on the right and left.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksey Yu. Abramov, A. Muravyeva, Yuliya V. Mikhaylova, Sergej A. Sterlikov
Background. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in Russia is one of the highest in the world. Aim. To determine trends in the incidence of cerebrovascular pathology, including in connection with the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The structure, indicators of primary and general incidence of cerebrovascular pathology in 2010–2022 in Russia as a whole according to statistical observation form No. 12 were analyzed. Intensive, extensive, and standardized indicators were calculated and regression analysis was performed. Results. The share of newly diagnosed cerebrovascular diseases in the structure of circulatory system diseases in Russia during the study period decreased from 21.7 to 17.4%. The overall incidence of cerebrovascular pathology ranged from 4371.1 to 4938.1, primary — from 599.8 to 791.2 per 100 thousand population. The primary incidence rate of stroke in the period from 2010 to 2019 increased from 270.1 to 296.6 per 100 thousand population, with a subsequent decrease in 2022 to 275.3 per 100 thousand population. When standardizing the primary incidence of stroke by age, no significant changes in the indicator were detected over the entire observation period. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases (general and primary), as well as the incidence of their individual units, decreased or deviated from the upward trend. The proportion of strokes not specified as hemorrhage or infarction decreased from 10.2 to 1.8%. During the pandemic period (2020–2022), there was an increase in the risk of developing cerebral infarction compared to intracranial and intracerebral hemorrhages (from 1.7:1 to 1.9:1; p=0.0000). The primary incidence of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes increased from 161.3 (2010) to 238.1 (2019) per 100 thousand population; in 2022 it was 225.7 per 100 thousand population. During the study period, there was no trend towards an increase in the standardized incidence of strokes. Conclusion. From 2010 to 2019 in Russia there was an increase in the primary incidence of cerebrovascular pathology, a decrease in overall and primary incidence in 2020–2022.
{"title":"Incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in the Russian Federation in 2010–2022","authors":"Aleksey Yu. Abramov, A. Muravyeva, Yuliya V. Mikhaylova, Sergej A. Sterlikov","doi":"10.17816/kmj546013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj546013","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in Russia is one of the highest in the world. \u0000Aim. To determine trends in the incidence of cerebrovascular pathology, including in connection with the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. \u0000 \u0000Material and methods. The structure, indicators of primary and general incidence of cerebrovascular pathology in 2010–2022 in Russia as a whole according to statistical observation form No. 12 were analyzed. Intensive, extensive, and standardized indicators were calculated and regression analysis was performed. \u0000Results. The share of newly diagnosed cerebrovascular diseases in the structure of circulatory system diseases in Russia during the study period decreased from 21.7 to 17.4%. The overall incidence of cerebrovascular pathology ranged from 4371.1 to 4938.1, primary — from 599.8 to 791.2 per 100 thousand population. The primary incidence rate of stroke in the period from 2010 to 2019 increased from 270.1 to 296.6 per 100 thousand population, with a subsequent decrease in 2022 to 275.3 per 100 thousand population. When standardizing the primary incidence of stroke by age, no significant changes in the indicator were detected over the entire observation period. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases (general and primary), as well as the incidence of their individual units, decreased or deviated from the upward trend. The proportion of strokes not specified as hemorrhage or infarction decreased from 10.2 to 1.8%. During the pandemic period (2020–2022), there was an increase in the risk of developing cerebral infarction compared to intracranial and intracerebral hemorrhages (from 1.7:1 to 1.9:1; p=0.0000). The primary incidence of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes increased from 161.3 (2010) to 238.1 (2019) per 100 thousand population; in 2022 it was 225.7 per 100 thousand population. During the study period, there was no trend towards an increase in the standardized incidence of strokes. \u0000Conclusion. From 2010 to 2019 in Russia there was an increase in the primary incidence of cerebrovascular pathology, a decrease in overall and primary incidence in 2020–2022.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"99 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stress, which inevitably occurs in the life of any person, affects various aspects of the functioning of the body and psyche. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of review and empirical studies of the relationship between stress factors and changes in the activity of the immune system, affecting the patient’s choice of coping strategies and attitude to treatment. The impact of a stressor on the organs of the immune system occurs through activation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is accompanied by changes in the concentration of cytokines, the severity of cellular and humoral immunity. Short-term stressors significantly change the activity of the immune system by reducing the synthesis of Th1-type cytokines, reduce the severity of cellular immunity, but enhance humoral immunity. Chronic stressors have a negative impact on almost all functional indicators of the immune system. The results of the review indicate a close connection between coping behavior in a stressful situation and the activity of the immune system. The review examines the influence of family and man-made stressors on the activity of the immune system, the action of which leads to the formation of pro-inflammatory readiness of the body and an increase in the patient’s perception of pain, which increases the risk of developing rheumatological diseases under stressful living conditions. Isolated or lonely people are at greater risk of various inflammatory diseases and exhibit stronger inflammatory responses, leading to an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. Turning to the construct of “coping intelligence” as a resource for preventive and personalized medicine allows us to describe two scenarios for changes in the immune system and the corresponding behavior of the patient and his attitude to treatment: (1) increased inflammation and increased vulnerability or (2) decreased inflammation and increased resistance to stress. Adaptive coping behavior allows people to effectively deal with stress, ensuring a person’s immunological stability by increasing the population of T helper cells and natural killer cells, thereby reducing the risk of developing rheumatological diseases.
{"title":"Stress, inflammation and coping strategies — association with rheumatological pathology","authors":"O.V. Teplyakova, I. O. Kuvaeva, Elena V. Volkova","doi":"10.17816/kmj568607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj568607","url":null,"abstract":"Stress, which inevitably occurs in the life of any person, affects various aspects of the functioning of the body and psyche. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of review and empirical studies of the relationship between stress factors and changes in the activity of the immune system, affecting the patient’s choice of coping strategies and attitude to treatment. The impact of a stressor on the organs of the immune system occurs through activation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is accompanied by changes in the concentration of cytokines, the severity of cellular and humoral immunity. Short-term stressors significantly change the activity of the immune system by reducing the synthesis of Th1-type cytokines, reduce the severity of cellular immunity, but enhance humoral immunity. Chronic stressors have a negative impact on almost all functional indicators of the immune system. The results of the review indicate a close connection between coping behavior in a stressful situation and the activity of the immune system. The review examines the influence of family and man-made stressors on the activity of the immune system, the action of which leads to the formation of pro-inflammatory readiness of the body and an increase in the patient’s perception of pain, which increases the risk of developing rheumatological diseases under stressful living conditions. Isolated or lonely people are at greater risk of various inflammatory diseases and exhibit stronger inflammatory responses, leading to an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. Turning to the construct of “coping intelligence” as a resource for preventive and personalized medicine allows us to describe two scenarios for changes in the immune system and the corresponding behavior of the patient and his attitude to treatment: (1) increased inflammation and increased vulnerability or (2) decreased inflammation and increased resistance to stress. Adaptive coping behavior allows people to effectively deal with stress, ensuring a person’s immunological stability by increasing the population of T helper cells and natural killer cells, thereby reducing the risk of developing rheumatological diseases.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"121 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tsikunib, F. N. Ezlyu, Ilia M. Bykov, Aminat A. Alimkhanova
Background. The most important etiological factor in the development of caries is a violation of the structure and quality of nutrition, leading to an imbalance of essential nutrients. Aim. Studying the influence of sucrose-lactose imbalance in nutrition on the biochemical parameters of saliva and the risk of developing caries in teenage girls. Materials and methods. Teenage girls (n=138, age 11–14 years) living in urban areas, health groups 1–2, without lactase deficiency and dental anomalies, were examined. In two groups differing in the level of sucrose-lactose imbalance (control group — low sucrose-lactose imbalance, n=30; experimental group — high sucrose-lactose imbalance, n=74), comparable in age (p=0.1921) and ethnic composition (p=0.3451), determined the prevalence of caries and its intensity according to the СFEt index (C — number of carious, F — filled, E — extracted teeth), as well as nutritional factors correlating with disaccharide imbalance and caries. In the subgroups formed from them, differing in the absence/presence of caries (low sucrose-lactose imbalance without caries and high sucrose-lactose imbalance with caries), the biophysical and biochemical parameters of mixed saliva were determined. The significance of differences between groups/subgroups was assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test, and in the case of normal distribution, using a two-sided Student t-test. To identify factors associated with caries, the binary logistic regression method was used; the closeness and direction of the relationship between individual parameters was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and the ¬Chaddock scale. Results. 74 girls were characterized by a “sweet” and “low-milk” type of diet with a high level of sucrose consumption and a low level of lactose consumption, leading to a high sucrose-lactose imbalance. In the group of high sucrose-lactose imbalance compared to low, the prevalence of caries and its intensity were 8.32 times (p=0.0047) and 4.53 times (p=0.0118) higher, respectively. In the subgroup of high sucrose-lactose imbalance with caries, in comparison with the subgroup of low imbalance without caries, the rate of salivation was significantly reduced by 1.86 times (p=0.0136), the surface tension of saliva was reduced by 1.25 times (p=0.0498), mineralizing potential of saliva by 1.68 times (p=0.0250), pH value by 1.13 times (p=0.0403), acid buffer capacity of saliva by 1.27 times (p=0.0192); saliva viscosity and lactate content were increased by 1.81 times (p=0.0455) and 1.79 times (p=0.0122), respectively; the optimal ratio of free and bound calcium was impaired. A pronounced cariogenic effect was identified for nutritional factors contributing to high sucrose-lactose imbalance in the diet: sucrose consumption ≥50 g/day (odds ratio 6.86), especially in terms of caloric intake ≥10% of energy value (odds ratio 8.53) , lactose intake ≤7.0 g/day (odds ratio 6.72) and milk calcium ≤150 mg/day (odds ratio
{"title":"The influence of sucrose-lactose imbalance in nutrition on the biochemical parameters of saliva and the risk of developing caries in teenage girls","authors":"A. Tsikunib, F. N. Ezlyu, Ilia M. Bykov, Aminat A. Alimkhanova","doi":"10.17816/kmj456509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj456509","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The most important etiological factor in the development of caries is a violation of the structure and quality of nutrition, leading to an imbalance of essential nutrients. \u0000Aim. Studying the influence of sucrose-lactose imbalance in nutrition on the biochemical parameters of saliva and the risk of developing caries in teenage girls. Materials and methods. Teenage girls (n=138, age 11–14 years) living in urban areas, health groups 1–2, without lactase deficiency and dental anomalies, were examined. In two groups differing in the level of sucrose-lactose imbalance (control group — low sucrose-lactose imbalance, n=30; experimental group — high sucrose-lactose imbalance, n=74), comparable in age (p=0.1921) and ethnic composition (p=0.3451), determined the prevalence of caries and its intensity according to the СFEt index (C — number of carious, F — filled, E — extracted teeth), as well as nutritional factors correlating with disaccharide imbalance and caries. In the subgroups formed from them, differing in the absence/presence of caries (low sucrose-lactose imbalance without caries and high sucrose-lactose imbalance with caries), the biophysical and biochemical parameters of mixed saliva were determined. The significance of differences between groups/subgroups was assessed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test, and in the case of normal distribution, using a two-sided Student t-test. To identify factors associated with caries, the binary logistic regression method was used; the closeness and direction of the relationship between individual parameters was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and the ¬Chaddock scale. \u0000 \u0000Results. 74 girls were characterized by a “sweet” and “low-milk” type of diet with a high level of sucrose consumption and a low level of lactose consumption, leading to a high sucrose-lactose imbalance. In the group of high sucrose-lactose imbalance compared to low, the prevalence of caries and its intensity were 8.32 times (p=0.0047) and 4.53 times (p=0.0118) higher, respectively. In the subgroup of high sucrose-lactose imbalance with caries, in comparison with the subgroup of low imbalance without caries, the rate of salivation was significantly reduced by 1.86 times (p=0.0136), the surface tension of saliva was reduced by 1.25 times (p=0.0498), mineralizing potential of saliva by 1.68 times (p=0.0250), pH value by 1.13 times (p=0.0403), acid buffer capacity of saliva by 1.27 times (p=0.0192); saliva viscosity and lactate content were increased by 1.81 times (p=0.0455) and 1.79 times (p=0.0122), respectively; the optimal ratio of free and bound calcium was impaired. A pronounced cariogenic effect was identified for nutritional factors contributing to high sucrose-lactose imbalance in the diet: sucrose consumption ≥50 g/day (odds ratio 6.86), especially in terms of caloric intake ≥10% of energy value (odds ratio 8.53) , lactose intake ≤7.0 g/day (odds ratio 6.72) and milk calcium ≤150 mg/day (odds ratio","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"116 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：