Ahmed K. Aliyev, O. Vladimirova, S. Puzin, M. Goryainova, I. Goryainov
BACKGROUND: Diseases of elderly and senile age are often accompanied by geriatric syndromes, leading to medical and social problems, of which hypomobility syndrome is one of the most common. AIM: Analysis of factors that form the medical and social portrait of patients in older age groups, including disabled people with hypomobility syndrome, based on the biopsychosocial concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Makhachkala Clinical Hospital of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Southern District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency” in 2020–2022. A medical and social examination was carried out on 576 patients aged 56 to 65 years (average age 62.7±2.15 years) with hypomobility syndrome. Of these, 384 people were disabled, 192 did not have disabilities. To solve the problems of this study, an original questionnaire was specially developed. When conducting the study, the modern demographic structure in Russia was used, in which the elderly age (in years) for women was 55+; for men — 60+. In patients of the older age group, including disabled people, with hypomobility syndrome, the main elements of activity and participation in everyday and social life, as well as the dysfunctions of the body that affected them, were studied. The study was selective. Selection criteria: citizens of the older age group who sought medical help due to hypomobility syndrome. Research methods: documentary, expert-rehabilitation, survey, analytical, statistical. RESULTS: Patients of the older age group, including disabled people, with hypomobility syndrome were characterized by manifestations of comorbidity and polymorbidity, accompanied by dysfunction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, global and specific mental/psychical functions, functions of the blood system, digestion and others, which led to the formation of difficulties in the implementation of everyday, social and professional activities related to the characteristics of national culture and way of life; formed patients' dependence on outside help. The following problems most significantly limited the lives of patients in the older age group with hypomobility: (1) difficulties in changing posture (χ2=107.4; p 0.001), which were identified to a moderate extent in 56 out of 100 disabled people in the main group and 14 out of 100 people without disability control group; in severe and significantly severe cases — in 6 out of 100 disabled people and 8 out of 100 without disabilities; (2) difficulties in rising from squats (χ2=64.54; p 0.001): moderate — in 44 out of 100 disabled people and 36 out of 100 representatives of the control group; pronounced and significantly expressed — in 27 out of 100 disabled people and 17 out of 100 non-disabled people; (3) difficulties with prolonged standing (χ2=67.39; p 0.001): moderate degree — in a third of disabled people (32 out of 100 people)
{"title":"Results of a medical and social examination of patients of older age groups, including disabled people, with hypomobility syndrome","authors":"Ahmed K. Aliyev, O. Vladimirova, S. Puzin, M. Goryainova, I. Goryainov","doi":"10.17816/kmj296550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj296550","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Diseases of elderly and senile age are often accompanied by geriatric syndromes, leading to medical and social problems, of which hypomobility syndrome is one of the most common. \u0000AIM: Analysis of factors that form the medical and social portrait of patients in older age groups, including disabled people with hypomobility syndrome, based on the biopsychosocial concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Makhachkala Clinical Hospital of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Southern District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency” in 2020–2022. A medical and social examination was carried out on 576 patients aged 56 to 65 years (average age 62.7±2.15 years) with hypomobility syndrome. Of these, 384 people were disabled, 192 did not have disabilities. To solve the problems of this study, an original questionnaire was specially developed. When conducting the study, the modern demographic structure in Russia was used, in which the elderly age (in years) for women was 55+; for men — 60+. In patients of the older age group, including disabled people, with hypomobility syndrome, the main elements of activity and participation in everyday and social life, as well as the dysfunctions of the body that affected them, were studied. The study was selective. Selection criteria: citizens of the older age group who sought medical help due to hypomobility syndrome. Research methods: documentary, expert-rehabilitation, survey, analytical, statistical. \u0000RESULTS: Patients of the older age group, including disabled people, with hypomobility syndrome were characterized by manifestations of comorbidity and polymorbidity, accompanied by dysfunction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, global and specific mental/psychical functions, functions of the blood system, digestion and others, which led to the formation of difficulties in the implementation of everyday, social and professional activities related to the characteristics of national culture and way of life; formed patients' dependence on outside help. The following problems most significantly limited the lives of patients in the older age group with hypomobility: (1) difficulties in changing posture (χ2=107.4; p 0.001), which were identified to a moderate extent in 56 out of 100 disabled people in the main group and 14 out of 100 people without disability control group; in severe and significantly severe cases — in 6 out of 100 disabled people and 8 out of 100 without disabilities; (2) difficulties in rising from squats (χ2=64.54; p 0.001): moderate — in 44 out of 100 disabled people and 36 out of 100 representatives of the control group; pronounced and significantly expressed — in 27 out of 100 disabled people and 17 out of 100 non-disabled people; (3) difficulties with prolonged standing (χ2=67.39; p 0.001): moderate degree — in a third of disabled people (32 out of 100 people)","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"51 s30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Averchuk, M. V. Ryazanova, A. Stavrovskaya, S. V. Novikova, A. B. Salmina
BACKGROUND: Under the influence of external factors (learning), processes of microvasculature remodeling occur in the neurogenic niche to meet the metabolic needs of activated cells. However, it remains unclear how these mechanisms of brain plasticity are disrupted during neurodegeneration. AIM: To study the expression features of markers of angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling in the subventricular zone of the brain during training of animals, including against the background of the development of Alzheimer’s-type neurodegeneration in them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studies were carried out on C57BL/6 mice at the age of 8 months. Modeling of Alzheimer’s disease was carried out by intrahippocampal injection of 2 μl of a 1 mM solution of β-amyloid Aβ25-35. To assess cognitive deficits, a conditioned passive avoidance test using an aversive stimulus was used. The expression of LC3B, ZO1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, CD146, ICAM2, Dll4, Tie2 in the subventricular zone per 100 DAPI-positive cells was assessed. The test results were processed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher's test, the Mann–Whitney U test, the results were considered significant at p 0.05. RESULTS: On the 9th day after the administration of β-amyloid, before the application of the aversive stimulus, an increase in the expression level of LC3 (7.95±5.83%, p=0.045), CD146 (18.35±0.01%, p=0.045) was recorded, as well as VEGFR3 (17.13±5.05%, p=0.045), which continued to increase after the presentation of the stimulus (26.61±0.01%, p=0.045). By the beginning of registration of cognitive impairment (38th day of the experiment), the expression level of VEGFR2 (20.61±2.8%, p=0.045) and ICAM2 (126.61±41.28%, p=0.045) increased, the content of Dll4 (29.66±8.72%, p=0.045) and Tie2 (36.39±7.8%, p=0.045) decreased in animals with experimental Alzheimer’s disease. CONCLUSION: An aversive stimulus stimulates microvascular remodeling mechanisms in the subventricular zone of the animal’s brain, but when exposed to β-amyloid, these processes are significantly disrupted.
{"title":"Evaluation of angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling in the subventricular zone of the brain of mice with experimental Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"A. Averchuk, M. V. Ryazanova, A. Stavrovskaya, S. V. Novikova, A. B. Salmina","doi":"10.17816/kmj501749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj501749","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Under the influence of external factors (learning), processes of microvasculature remodeling occur in the neurogenic niche to meet the metabolic needs of activated cells. However, it remains unclear how these mechanisms of brain plasticity are disrupted during neurodegeneration. \u0000AIM: To study the expression features of markers of angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling in the subventricular zone of the brain during training of animals, including against the background of the development of Alzheimer’s-type neurodegeneration in them. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studies were carried out on C57BL/6 mice at the age of 8 months. Modeling of Alzheimer’s disease was carried out by intrahippocampal injection of 2 μl of a 1 mM solution of β-amyloid Aβ25-35. To assess cognitive deficits, a conditioned passive avoidance test using an aversive stimulus was used. The expression of LC3B, ZO1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, CD146, ICAM2, Dll4, Tie2 in the subventricular zone per 100 DAPI-positive cells was assessed. The test results were processed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher's test, the Mann–Whitney U test, the results were considered significant at p 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: On the 9th day after the administration of β-amyloid, before the application of the aversive stimulus, an increase in the expression level of LC3 (7.95±5.83%, p=0.045), CD146 (18.35±0.01%, p=0.045) was recorded, as well as VEGFR3 (17.13±5.05%, p=0.045), which continued to increase after the presentation of the stimulus (26.61±0.01%, p=0.045). By the beginning of registration of cognitive impairment (38th day of the experiment), the expression level of VEGFR2 (20.61±2.8%, p=0.045) and ICAM2 (126.61±41.28%, p=0.045) increased, the content of Dll4 (29.66±8.72%, p=0.045) and Tie2 (36.39±7.8%, p=0.045) decreased in animals with experimental Alzheimer’s disease. \u0000CONCLUSION: An aversive stimulus stimulates microvascular remodeling mechanisms in the subventricular zone of the animal’s brain, but when exposed to β-amyloid, these processes are significantly disrupted.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Nikitina, I. I. Semina, D. O. Nikitin, A. A. Vivolanec, D. V. Akhmedieva
BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing frequency of autism in the population, the complexity of behavioral symptoms, and the need for long-term therapy, it is important to find new safe drugs for the correction of behavioral disorders. AIM: Studying the possibility of correcting behavioral changes characteristic of autism in rats in the valproate model of autism using new derivatives of phosphorylated carboxylic acids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The possibility of correcting behavioral disorders in male and female rats in the valproate model of autism was studied with intraperitoneal administration (7 days) of new derivatives from the group of phosphorylated acetohydrazides (B2, C5) and thiosemicarbazide (T8) in doses of 1/100 LD50 on behavioral tests “Elevated Plus Maze”, “Burying Balls”, “Extended Open Field”. Statistical processing was carried out in the GraphPad prism 8.0.1 program using Student's t-test. RESULTS: It was found that the most pronounced anxiolytic effect on rats with autism was exerted by the compound 2-[(diphenylphosphoryl)acetyl]-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (T8), increasing by 4.8 times (p=0.033) in females and 4.4 times (p=0.036) in males, the time they spent in open arms in the “Elevated Plus Maze” test. The corrective effect on social behavior in rats with autism was most noted for T8 and B2 [2-ethoxy-2-oxoethanammonium salt (2-ethoxy-2-oxotyl) phenylphosphinic acid], which was characterized by an increase in the time spent with a social object (unfamiliar rat) 6.4 times (p=0.04) and 5.2 times (p=0.039), respectively, in the “Extended open field” method. When assessing the behavior of rats in the valproate model of autism in the “Burying Balls” test, it was found that the use of B2, T8 and C5 reduced the level of stereotypy, reducing the number of buried balls by 1.7 times (p=0.009), 1.5 times (p=0.046 ) and 1.7 times (p=0.011), respectively, compared to rats in the valproate model of autism without treatment. CONCLUSION: Derivatives of phosphorylated acetohydrazides and thiosemicarbazide have an anxiolytic effect, correct disturbances in social behavior and reduce the severity of stereotypic behavior in rats in the valproate model of autism.
{"title":"Study of the effect of phosphorylated carboxylic acids new derivatives on the main behavioral disorders in rats in the valproate model of autism","authors":"A. V. Nikitina, I. I. Semina, D. O. Nikitin, A. A. Vivolanec, D. V. Akhmedieva","doi":"10.17816/kmj119909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj119909","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing frequency of autism in the population, the complexity of behavioral symptoms, and the need for long-term therapy, it is important to find new safe drugs for the correction of behavioral disorders. \u0000AIM: Studying the possibility of correcting behavioral changes characteristic of autism in rats in the valproate model of autism using new derivatives of phosphorylated carboxylic acids. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The possibility of correcting behavioral disorders in male and female rats in the valproate model of autism was studied with intraperitoneal administration (7 days) of new derivatives from the group of phosphorylated acetohydrazides (B2, C5) and thiosemicarbazide (T8) in doses of 1/100 LD50 on behavioral tests “Elevated Plus Maze”, “Burying Balls”, “Extended Open Field”. Statistical processing was carried out in the GraphPad prism 8.0.1 program using Student's t-test. \u0000RESULTS: It was found that the most pronounced anxiolytic effect on rats with autism was exerted by the compound 2-[(diphenylphosphoryl)acetyl]-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (T8), increasing by 4.8 times (p=0.033) in females and 4.4 times (p=0.036) in males, the time they spent in open arms in the “Elevated Plus Maze” test. The corrective effect on social behavior in rats with autism was most noted for T8 and B2 [2-ethoxy-2-oxoethanammonium salt (2-ethoxy-2-oxotyl) phenylphosphinic acid], which was characterized by an increase in the time spent with a social object (unfamiliar rat) 6.4 times (p=0.04) and 5.2 times (p=0.039), respectively, in the “Extended open field” method. When assessing the behavior of rats in the valproate model of autism in the “Burying Balls” test, it was found that the use of B2, T8 and C5 reduced the level of stereotypy, reducing the number of buried balls by 1.7 times (p=0.009), 1.5 times (p=0.046 ) and 1.7 times (p=0.011), respectively, compared to rats in the valproate model of autism without treatment. \u0000CONCLUSION: Derivatives of phosphorylated acetohydrazides and thiosemicarbazide have an anxiolytic effect, correct disturbances in social behavior and reduce the severity of stereotypic behavior in rats in the valproate model of autism.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND:The process of formation of the intervertebral disc structure remains poorly understood. Therefore, evaluating the forecasts for the development of the disc’s fibrous component as the foundation of its strength and elastic properties in the postnatal period seems appropriate. AIM:To identify microstructural transformations of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in the fetal period and compare them with the ontogenetic orientation of the spinal motion segment. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study material included 150intervertebral discs obtained during autopsy of 50fetuses. The gestational age of 42fetuses was in the early fetal period, 8fetuses were in the late fetal period. Intervertebral discs СV–СVI, ThV–ThVI, LV–SIwere examined in each fetus. All histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, silver impregnation method, PAS reaction, Alcian blue (pH=1.0), Van Gieson and Weigert stains. For intergroup comparisons, the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Newman–Keuls tests were used. Differences were considered statistically significant atp≤0.05. RESULTS:Elastic fibers in the late fetal period were found in the annulus fibrosus and the peripheral zone of the nucleus pulposus. The intensity of staining of collagen and elastic fibers was more pronounced in the outer layers of the annulus fibrosus. Analysis of the parameters of the vascular-connective tissue formations showed an increase in their number (p=0.0368) and an increase in the number of vessels in the vascular-connective tissue formations of the intervertebral disc (p=0.0449) in the direction of the lower levels of the spinal motion segments. Differences in these two indicators were obtained between the СV–СVIand LV–SIdiscs, as well as between the СV–СVIand ThV–ThVIdiscs. In relation to all the studied morphometric parameters of the vascular-connective tissue formations in the cervical and thoracic spine, no statistically significant differences were obtained between the early and late fetal periods. CONCLUSION:The development of the intervertebral disc occurs from the peripheral parts to the center; the source for its further development is the fibrous ring.
{"title":"Dynamics of structural transformations of intervertebral discs in humans in the fetal period","authors":"L. V. Vikhareva, Viktoriya V. Makarova","doi":"10.17816/kmj569344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj569344","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND:The process of formation of the intervertebral disc structure remains poorly understood. Therefore, evaluating the forecasts for the development of the disc’s fibrous component as the foundation of its strength and elastic properties in the postnatal period seems appropriate. \u0000AIM:To identify microstructural transformations of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in the fetal period and compare them with the ontogenetic orientation of the spinal motion segment. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study material included 150intervertebral discs obtained during autopsy of 50fetuses. The gestational age of 42fetuses was in the early fetal period, 8fetuses were in the late fetal period. Intervertebral discs СV–СVI, ThV–ThVI, LV–SIwere examined in each fetus. All histological preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, silver impregnation method, PAS reaction, Alcian blue (pH=1.0), Van Gieson and Weigert stains. For intergroup comparisons, the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Newman–Keuls tests were used. Differences were considered statistically significant atp≤0.05. \u0000RESULTS:Elastic fibers in the late fetal period were found in the annulus fibrosus and the peripheral zone of the nucleus pulposus. The intensity of staining of collagen and elastic fibers was more pronounced in the outer layers of the annulus fibrosus. Analysis of the parameters of the vascular-connective tissue formations showed an increase in their number (p=0.0368) and an increase in the number of vessels in the vascular-connective tissue formations of the intervertebral disc (p=0.0449) in the direction of the lower levels of the spinal motion segments. Differences in these two indicators were obtained between the СV–СVIand LV–SIdiscs, as well as between the СV–СVIand ThV–ThVIdiscs. In relation to all the studied morphometric parameters of the vascular-connective tissue formations in the cervical and thoracic spine, no statistically significant differences were obtained between the early and late fetal periods. \u0000CONCLUSION:The development of the intervertebral disc occurs from the peripheral parts to the center; the source for its further development is the fibrous ring.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Bychkova, I. Chekmareva, Larisa M. Baranchugova, Irina L. Konorova, K. Abduvosidov
BACKROUND: The development of capillaries in human embryogenesis is a multi-stage process influenced by genetic factors and signaling pathways, which is of interest in studying the mechanisms of vascular bed formation in the prenatal period of human development. AIM: To study the development of capillaries in the embryonic and early fetal periods and determine the morphological prerequisites leading to the formation of developmental defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The biomaterial of 50 embryos and fetuses from 4 to 12 weeks was studied. A histological and electron microscopic examination of the specimens was performed in the axial plane at the level of both jaws and neck. The volume fraction of capillaries and muscle fibers in the structure of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was determined. Data on the volume fraction of each component were presented as median and interquartile range. Quantitative analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney methods with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: At the 4th week, a capillary network began to develop from the mesenchyme, which took on a complete form by the 8th–10th week. The proportion of capillaries increased from the 6th to the 10th week, and by the 12th week it decreased. A statistically significant pattern of changes in the ratio of the proportion of capillaries in muscles with the volume fraction of muscle fibers itself was revealed. As the mass of the muscle fibers themselves increased, the proportion of capillaries in it decreased significantly from 1.92 (1.77; 2)% at 4–6 weeks of embryogenesis to 0.25 (0.23; 0.26)% at 10–12 weeks. CONCLUSION: The critical period for the development of capillaries is the intrauterine period from the 4th to the 12th week of development, when in the structure of muscles as an organ, the vascular component first prevails over the muscular component itself, and then sharply decreases.
{"title":"Some features of intrauterine development of capillaries in the head and neck area","authors":"I. Bychkova, I. Chekmareva, Larisa M. Baranchugova, Irina L. Konorova, K. Abduvosidov","doi":"10.17816/kmj568905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj568905","url":null,"abstract":"BACKROUND: The development of capillaries in human embryogenesis is a multi-stage process influenced by genetic factors and signaling pathways, which is of interest in studying the mechanisms of vascular bed formation in the prenatal period of human development. \u0000AIM: To study the development of capillaries in the embryonic and early fetal periods and determine the morphological prerequisites leading to the formation of developmental defects. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: The biomaterial of 50 embryos and fetuses from 4 to 12 weeks was studied. A histological and electron microscopic examination of the specimens was performed in the axial plane at the level of both jaws and neck. The volume fraction of capillaries and muscle fibers in the structure of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was determined. Data on the volume fraction of each component were presented as median and interquartile range. Quantitative analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney methods with Bonferroni correction. \u0000RESULTS: At the 4th week, a capillary network began to develop from the mesenchyme, which took on a complete form by the 8th–10th week. The proportion of capillaries increased from the 6th to the 10th week, and by the 12th week it decreased. A statistically significant pattern of changes in the ratio of the proportion of capillaries in muscles with the volume fraction of muscle fibers itself was revealed. As the mass of the muscle fibers themselves increased, the proportion of capillaries in it decreased significantly from 1.92 (1.77; 2)% at 4–6 weeks of embryogenesis to 0.25 (0.23; 0.26)% at 10–12 weeks. \u0000CONCLUSION: The critical period for the development of capillaries is the intrauterine period from the 4th to the 12th week of development, when in the structure of muscles as an organ, the vascular component first prevails over the muscular component itself, and then sharply decreases.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"27 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evgeniya A. Sokolova, Otanazar K. Sadullaev, Barno S. Samandarova, O. Ilinskaya
BACKGROUND: The microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract ensures colonization resistance of the intestinal epithelium, produces enzymes, and participates in nutrient metabolism. Changes in its composition lead to pathological conditions of the intestines.AIM: To determine the structure of the incidence of acute intestinal infections in children living in the Southern Aral Sea region and to characterize the effect of bioimmune correction of changes in the intestinal microbiome in children with shigellosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period from 06.07.2020 to 05.10.2020, 179 children with intestinal infections aged 2 to 7 years living in an environmentally unfavorable zone of Southern Uzbekistan were examined. The children were divided into two groups: the first (32 children) received basic therapy (pathogenetic therapy, antibiotic therapy, diet), the second (11 children) received basic therapy with bioimmune correction with bifidobacteria bifidum (bifidumbacterin PL) and thymus peptides of sheep embryos and newborn lambs (immunomodulin). To characterize the microbiome, the material was screened on differential diagnostic media, identifying obligate, facultative and opportunistic microflora. To assess the statistical significance of differences between data groups, the Student's t test was used, taking p ≤0.05 as a significant level. RESULTS: Shigellosis was diagnosed in 43 sick children (24% of those examined), escherichiosis was diagnosed in 34 (19%), salmonellosis was diagnosed in 30 (16.3%), and diarrhea of other bacterial etiology was diagnosed in 23 (13%) patients. In all variants, changes in the intestinal microbiome were detected. Etiotropic therapy led to an improvement in the general condition of patients, but did not affect dysbiotic changes in the intestines and did not contribute to the restoration of the microbiome. Bioimmune correction of dysbiosis in shigellosis in 11 patients using preparations of bifidobacteria bifidum and fetal thymic peptides led to the restoration of intestinal microflora to normal values: the number of lactose-negative E. coli significantly decreased by more than 5 orders of magnitude (p=0.037), fungi of the genus Candida (p=0.030) and enterococci (p=0.019) by 3 orders of magnitude, and staphylococci by 2 orders of magnitude (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: The use of preparations of bifidobacteria bifidum and fetal thymus peptides as bioimmunocorrectors is a promising therapeutic strategy for shigellosis in children.
{"title":"The structure of the incidence of acute intestinal infections in children of the Southern Aral Sea region and bioimmune correction of intestinal microbiocenosis in shigellosis","authors":"Evgeniya A. Sokolova, Otanazar K. Sadullaev, Barno S. Samandarova, O. Ilinskaya","doi":"10.17816/kmj108941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj108941","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract ensures colonization resistance of the intestinal epithelium, produces enzymes, and participates in nutrient metabolism. Changes in its composition lead to pathological conditions of the intestines.AIM: To determine the structure of the incidence of acute intestinal infections in children living in the Southern Aral Sea region and to characterize the effect of bioimmune correction of changes in the intestinal microbiome in children with shigellosis. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period from 06.07.2020 to 05.10.2020, 179 children with intestinal infections aged 2 to 7 years living in an environmentally unfavorable zone of Southern Uzbekistan were examined. The children were divided into two groups: the first (32 children) received basic therapy (pathogenetic therapy, antibiotic therapy, diet), the second (11 children) received basic therapy with bioimmune correction with bifidobacteria bifidum (bifidumbacterin PL) and thymus peptides of sheep embryos and newborn lambs (immunomodulin). To characterize the microbiome, the material was screened on differential diagnostic media, identifying obligate, facultative and opportunistic microflora. To assess the statistical significance of differences between data groups, the Student's t test was used, taking p ≤0.05 as a significant level. \u0000RESULTS: Shigellosis was diagnosed in 43 sick children (24% of those examined), escherichiosis was diagnosed in 34 (19%), salmonellosis was diagnosed in 30 (16.3%), and diarrhea of other bacterial etiology was diagnosed in 23 (13%) patients. In all variants, changes in the intestinal microbiome were detected. Etiotropic therapy led to an improvement in the general condition of patients, but did not affect dysbiotic changes in the intestines and did not contribute to the restoration of the microbiome. Bioimmune correction of dysbiosis in shigellosis in 11 patients using preparations of bifidobacteria bifidum and fetal thymic peptides led to the restoration of intestinal microflora to normal values: the number of lactose-negative E. coli significantly decreased by more than 5 orders of magnitude (p=0.037), fungi of the genus Candida (p=0.030) and enterococci (p=0.019) by 3 orders of magnitude, and staphylococci by 2 orders of magnitude (p=0.048). \u0000CONCLUSION: The use of preparations of bifidobacteria bifidum and fetal thymus peptides as bioimmunocorrectors is a promising therapeutic strategy for shigellosis in children.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, the issues of recurrent course of cardiovascular diseases are given great importance. Today, there is a search for more and more new factors and causes, including genetic ones, that contribute to the increase in the incidence of circulatory system diseases. The study of polymorphic variants of hemostasis system genes made it possible to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the causes of cardiovascular complications. Polymorphism of theSERPINE-1gene, encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. This literature review examines the influence ofSERPINE-1gene polymorphism and the concentration of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 it encodes on the development and severity of circulatory system diseases; as well as the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as one of the indicators reflecting the antifibrinolytic potential of the blood. Taking into account the opinion of most authors, we can conclude that the polymorphism of theSERPINE-1gene and its homozygous variant 4G/4G, due to which the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is increased, is an unfavorable predictor of many pathological processes. However, most of the data have been obtained on the association of theSERPINE-1gene polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases, where, according to most authors, the 4G/4G genotype is a prognostically negative variant. However, a number of researchers believe that the heterozygous 5G/4G variant is likely associated with the occurrence of cerebral ischemia. The inconsistency of the data obtained, ofcourse, requires further study of the characteristics of theSERPINE-1gene polymorphism in various pathological conditions, which is an important prerequisite for understanding the mechanisms of a number of diseases. To prepare the review, a literature search method in PubMed databases for the period 2013–2023 was used.
{"title":"SERPINE-1 gene polymorphism in patients with cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Aigul F. Usmanova, S. Mayanskaya, O. A. Kravtsova","doi":"10.17816/kmj607419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj607419","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the issues of recurrent course of cardiovascular diseases are given great importance. Today, there is a search for more and more new factors and causes, including genetic ones, that contribute to the increase in the incidence of circulatory system diseases. The study of polymorphic variants of hemostasis system genes made it possible to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the causes of cardiovascular complications. Polymorphism of theSERPINE-1gene, encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. This literature review examines the influence ofSERPINE-1gene polymorphism and the concentration of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 it encodes on the development and severity of circulatory system diseases; as well as the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as one of the indicators reflecting the antifibrinolytic potential of the blood. Taking into account the opinion of most authors, we can conclude that the polymorphism of theSERPINE-1gene and its homozygous variant 4G/4G, due to which the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is increased, is an unfavorable predictor of many pathological processes. However, most of the data have been obtained on the association of theSERPINE-1gene polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases, where, according to most authors, the 4G/4G genotype is a prognostically negative variant. However, a number of researchers believe that the heterozygous 5G/4G variant is likely associated with the occurrence of cerebral ischemia. The inconsistency of the data obtained, ofcourse, requires further study of the characteristics of theSERPINE-1gene polymorphism in various pathological conditions, which is an important prerequisite for understanding the mechanisms of a number of diseases. To prepare the review, a literature search method in PubMed databases for the period 2013–2023 was used.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. R. Akramov, Aidar K. Zakirov, E. I. Khaertdinov, V. I. Morozov
There are many studies regarding treatment methods for bladder exstrophy, but it is impossible to single out the only correct one. When treating bladder exstrophy, all defects can be eliminated separately, but the effect of such interventions will be incomplete. When analyzing the anatomy of patients with this pathology, pronounced splitting and divergence of the pelvic muscles is noted due to dysplasia and the wide position of the iliac and pubic bones. Due to the inferiority of the pelvic bones, the functions of all its organs are disrupted. Modern methods of radiation research have made it possible to better understand the main causes of such changes: outwardly rotated iliac bones, retroversion of the acetabulum and femur, shortened branches of the pubic bones, a backward curved acetabulum and flabby sacroiliac joint, increased distance between the triradial cartilages. Such changes are difficult to eliminate with soft tissue plastic surgery, so specialists who use osteotomy of the pelvic bones in the treatment of this pathology have more positive results. Since 1958, in the treatment of children with exstrophy of the bladder, osteotomy has been used in various versions, which makes it possible to restore the pelvic ring, improve the results of soft tissue plastic surgery and urinary continence. The authors noted a high rate of continence success in patients who underwent primary bladder closure without complications such as wound infection, dehiscence, or any degree of bladder prolapse. Thus, correction of the skeletal system serves as a basic element in the correction of bladder exstrophy.
{"title":"Pathology of the pelvic bones and its correction in bladder exstrophy","authors":"N. R. Akramov, Aidar K. Zakirov, E. I. Khaertdinov, V. I. Morozov","doi":"10.17816/kmj607382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj607382","url":null,"abstract":"There are many studies regarding treatment methods for bladder exstrophy, but it is impossible to single out the only correct one. When treating bladder exstrophy, all defects can be eliminated separately, but the effect of such interventions will be incomplete. When analyzing the anatomy of patients with this pathology, pronounced splitting and divergence of the pelvic muscles is noted due to dysplasia and the wide position of the iliac and pubic bones. Due to the inferiority of the pelvic bones, the functions of all its organs are disrupted. Modern methods of radiation research have made it possible to better understand the main causes of such changes: outwardly rotated iliac bones, retroversion of the acetabulum and femur, shortened branches of the pubic bones, a backward curved acetabulum and flabby sacroiliac joint, increased distance between the triradial cartilages. Such changes are difficult to eliminate with soft tissue plastic surgery, so specialists who use osteotomy of the pelvic bones in the treatment of this pathology have more positive results. Since 1958, in the treatment of children with exstrophy of the bladder, osteotomy has been used in various versions, which makes it possible to restore the pelvic ring, improve the results of soft tissue plastic surgery and urinary continence. The authors noted a high rate of continence success in patients who underwent primary bladder closure without complications such as wound infection, dehiscence, or any degree of bladder prolapse. Thus, correction of the skeletal system serves as a basic element in the correction of bladder exstrophy.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"279 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolay S. Gorbunov, K. V. Kober, E. V. Kasparov, S. I. Rostovtsev, Darya N. Lebedeva
BACKGROUND: Studying the spatial arrangement of nerve bundles makes it possible to better understand the characteristics of the occurrence and mechanisms of injuries to peripheral nerves, to develop and perform new reconstructive operations. AIM: To identify the features of the route, spatial orientation and relationships of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along its entire length. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intrastem dissection of 121 thoracodorsal nerves was performed in the corpses of men and women aged 40–97 years. The obtained indicators of the length (mm) and angles of deviation (degrees) of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles at different levels of their entire path were checked for normality of distribution using the Shapiro–Wilk test. When describing the studied indicators, the median (Me) and quartile intervals (Q1, Q3) were determined, and the significance of intergroup differences was determined using the Mann–Whitney U test. RESULTS: Along the entire path, the bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve change their spatial position 6 times and their relationship with each other 1 time. The closer the bundles are to the spinal cord and spine, the more changes (85.7%); the further to the periphery, the fewer (14.3%). The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve are located twice in the horizontal plane, and in the proximal half of the C7 spinal nerve they are twisted relative to each other by 180° [170°; 190°], change places: the sensory ones move from the posterior position to the anterior one, and the motor one — from the anterior to the posterior one. The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve deviate downward 4 times in the frontal plane at a total angle of 105° [95°; 115°], and in the sagittal plane they change their position 2 times and move from an oblique-anterior (15° [5°; 25°]) to an oblique-posterior (20° [10°; 30°]) position. CONCLUSION: The route of passage of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along the entire path from the spinal cord to the latissimus dorsi muscle consists of eight levels of different lengths, 6 times they change their spatial orientation and 1 time their relationship with each other.
{"title":"Features of the spatial orientation of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles","authors":"Nikolay S. Gorbunov, K. V. Kober, E. V. Kasparov, S. I. Rostovtsev, Darya N. Lebedeva","doi":"10.17816/kmj516489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj516489","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Studying the spatial arrangement of nerve bundles makes it possible to better understand the characteristics of the occurrence and mechanisms of injuries to peripheral nerves, to develop and perform new reconstructive operations. \u0000AIM: To identify the features of the route, spatial orientation and relationships of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along its entire length. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intrastem dissection of 121 thoracodorsal nerves was performed in the corpses of men and women aged 40–97 years. The obtained indicators of the length (mm) and angles of deviation (degrees) of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles at different levels of their entire path were checked for normality of distribution using the Shapiro–Wilk test. When describing the studied indicators, the median (Me) and quartile intervals (Q1, Q3) were determined, and the significance of intergroup differences was determined using the Mann–Whitney U test. \u0000RESULTS: Along the entire path, the bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve change their spatial position 6 times and their relationship with each other 1 time. The closer the bundles are to the spinal cord and spine, the more changes (85.7%); the further to the periphery, the fewer (14.3%). The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve are located twice in the horizontal plane, and in the proximal half of the C7 spinal nerve they are twisted relative to each other by 180° [170°; 190°], change places: the sensory ones move from the posterior position to the anterior one, and the motor one — from the anterior to the posterior one. The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve deviate downward 4 times in the frontal plane at a total angle of 105° [95°; 115°], and in the sagittal plane they change their position 2 times and move from an oblique-anterior (15° [5°; 25°]) to an oblique-posterior (20° [10°; 30°]) position. \u0000CONCLUSION: The route of passage of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along the entire path from the spinal cord to the latissimus dorsi muscle consists of eight levels of different lengths, 6 times they change their spatial orientation and 1 time their relationship with each other.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2023, it was 85 years since the founding of the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine at Kazan State Medical University. The article describes the main stages of the history of the department, from its foundation to the present day. The first head of the department in 1938 was V.I. Popov. In addition to successful work in training specialists, the history of the department was marked by extensive scientific activity and work carried out in the direction of the infectious diseases prevention, including as part of eliminating outbreaks. Employees of the department have carried out scientific research devoted to improving the diagnosis of infectious diseases, improving epidemiological surveillance in order to further reduce the incidence and eliminate current infections, including diphtheria, typhus and typhoid fever, tuberculosis, smallpox, viral hepatitis, infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. A significant part of the scientific work carried out by the staff of the department concerned the study of post-infectious and post-vaccination immunity, as well as the study of the influence of environmental risk factors on the immunological reactivity of the body. The change in the paradigm of modern epidemiology and the epidemic situation has necessitated modification of the educational process with the inclusion in the program and expansion of teaching in such areas as clinical epidemiology, hospital epidemiology, and military epidemiology. In 2016, the department was renamed the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine.
{"title":"85 years of the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine of Kazan State Medical University: from history to modern times","authors":"G. Khasanova","doi":"10.17816/kmj623811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj623811","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, it was 85 years since the founding of the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine at Kazan State Medical University. The article describes the main stages of the history of the department, from its foundation to the present day. The first head of the department in 1938 was V.I. Popov. In addition to successful work in training specialists, the history of the department was marked by extensive scientific activity and work carried out in the direction of the infectious diseases prevention, including as part of eliminating outbreaks. Employees of the department have carried out scientific research devoted to improving the diagnosis of infectious diseases, improving epidemiological surveillance in order to further reduce the incidence and eliminate current infections, including diphtheria, typhus and typhoid fever, tuberculosis, smallpox, viral hepatitis, infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. A significant part of the scientific work carried out by the staff of the department concerned the study of post-infectious and post-vaccination immunity, as well as the study of the influence of environmental risk factors on the immunological reactivity of the body. The change in the paradigm of modern epidemiology and the epidemic situation has necessitated modification of the educational process with the inclusion in the program and expansion of teaching in such areas as clinical epidemiology, hospital epidemiology, and military epidemiology. In 2016, the department was renamed the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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