This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: PrietoJA, MurphyCL, StewartF, FaderM. Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021. Issue10. Art. No.: CD006008. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006008.pub5.
{"title":"Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions","authors":"-","doi":"10.17816/kmj626241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj626241","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: PrietoJA, MurphyCL, StewartF, FaderM. Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021. Issue10. Art. No.: CD006008. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006008.pub5.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: PrietoJA, MurphyCL, StewartF, FaderM. Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021. Issue10. Art. No.: CD006008. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006008.pub5.
{"title":"Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions","authors":"-","doi":"10.17816/kmj626241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj626241","url":null,"abstract":"This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: PrietoJA, MurphyCL, StewartF, FaderM. Intermittent catheter techniques, strategies and designs for managing long‐term bladder conditions.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021. Issue10. Art. No.: CD006008. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006008.pub5.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"83 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolay S. Gorbunov, K. V. Kober, E. V. Kasparov, S. I. Rostovtsev, Darya N. Lebedeva
BACKGROUND: Studying the spatial arrangement of nerve bundles makes it possible to better understand the characteristics of the occurrence and mechanisms of injuries to peripheral nerves, to develop and perform new reconstructive operations. AIM: To identify the features of the route, spatial orientation and relationships of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along its entire length. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intrastem dissection of 121 thoracodorsal nerves was performed in the corpses of men and women aged 40–97 years. The obtained indicators of the length (mm) and angles of deviation (degrees) of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles at different levels of their entire path were checked for normality of distribution using the Shapiro–Wilk test. When describing the studied indicators, the median (Me) and quartile intervals (Q1, Q3) were determined, and the significance of intergroup differences was determined using the Mann–Whitney U test. RESULTS: Along the entire path, the bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve change their spatial position 6 times and their relationship with each other 1 time. The closer the bundles are to the spinal cord and spine, the more changes (85.7%); the further to the periphery, the fewer (14.3%). The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve are located twice in the horizontal plane, and in the proximal half of the C7 spinal nerve they are twisted relative to each other by 180° [170°; 190°], change places: the sensory ones move from the posterior position to the anterior one, and the motor one — from the anterior to the posterior one. The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve deviate downward 4 times in the frontal plane at a total angle of 105° [95°; 115°], and in the sagittal plane they change their position 2 times and move from an oblique-anterior (15° [5°; 25°]) to an oblique-posterior (20° [10°; 30°]) position. CONCLUSION: The route of passage of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along the entire path from the spinal cord to the latissimus dorsi muscle consists of eight levels of different lengths, 6 times they change their spatial orientation and 1 time their relationship with each other.
{"title":"Features of the spatial orientation of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles","authors":"Nikolay S. Gorbunov, K. V. Kober, E. V. Kasparov, S. I. Rostovtsev, Darya N. Lebedeva","doi":"10.17816/kmj516489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj516489","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Studying the spatial arrangement of nerve bundles makes it possible to better understand the characteristics of the occurrence and mechanisms of injuries to peripheral nerves, to develop and perform new reconstructive operations. \u0000AIM: To identify the features of the route, spatial orientation and relationships of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along its entire length. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intrastem dissection of 121 thoracodorsal nerves was performed in the corpses of men and women aged 40–97 years. The obtained indicators of the length (mm) and angles of deviation (degrees) of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles at different levels of their entire path were checked for normality of distribution using the Shapiro–Wilk test. When describing the studied indicators, the median (Me) and quartile intervals (Q1, Q3) were determined, and the significance of intergroup differences was determined using the Mann–Whitney U test. \u0000RESULTS: Along the entire path, the bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve change their spatial position 6 times and their relationship with each other 1 time. The closer the bundles are to the spinal cord and spine, the more changes (85.7%); the further to the periphery, the fewer (14.3%). The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve are located twice in the horizontal plane, and in the proximal half of the C7 spinal nerve they are twisted relative to each other by 180° [170°; 190°], change places: the sensory ones move from the posterior position to the anterior one, and the motor one — from the anterior to the posterior one. The bundles of the thoracodorsal nerve deviate downward 4 times in the frontal plane at a total angle of 105° [95°; 115°], and in the sagittal plane they change their position 2 times and move from an oblique-anterior (15° [5°; 25°]) to an oblique-posterior (20° [10°; 30°]) position. \u0000CONCLUSION: The route of passage of the thoracodorsal nerve bundles along the entire path from the spinal cord to the latissimus dorsi muscle consists of eight levels of different lengths, 6 times they change their spatial orientation and 1 time their relationship with each other.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the second half of the 20th century in the USSR there were two influential schools of medical historians, competing with each other: the school of B.D. Petrov (Department of the History of Medicine of the Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and History of Medicine named after N.A. Semashko) and the school of F.R. Borodulin [Department of the History of Medicine of the First Moscow Medical Institute (Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov)]. With the end of the Soviet era in the history of the country, the influence of these schools also ended. In the 21st century, according to the author, there are also two scientific schools of medical historians functioning in Russia, they were created respectively by Academician A.M. Stochik and Professor V.I.Borodulin. Both schools have no genetic connection with the schools of the twentieth century and successfully continue the development of the scientific history of medicine, interrupted in the 20s of the twentieth century. In his research, the author uses the criteria for the viability of scientific schools proposed by V.I. Borodulin in relation to clinical schools. The decisive criterion is the presence of an original scientific direction developed by the teacher and his students. The author highlights such directions in the work of scientific teams headed by A.M. Stochik and V.I. Borodulin and indicates the leading representatives of these schools. The issues of “registration” of each student in a given school, partial “adjacent” to the school, and affiliated schools are also considered.
{"title":"On modern Russian scientific schools in the history of medicine and the criteria for their validity","authors":"Valerii Y. Albitskiy","doi":"10.17816/kmj626239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj626239","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the 20th century in the USSR there were two influential schools of medical historians, competing with each other: the school of B.D. Petrov (Department of the History of Medicine of the Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and History of Medicine named after N.A. Semashko) and the school of F.R. Borodulin [Department of the History of Medicine of the First Moscow Medical Institute (Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov)]. With the end of the Soviet era in the history of the country, the influence of these schools also ended. In the 21st century, according to the author, there are also two scientific schools of medical historians functioning in Russia, they were created respectively by Academician A.M. Stochik and Professor V.I.Borodulin. Both schools have no genetic connection with the schools of the twentieth century and successfully continue the development of the scientific history of medicine, interrupted in the 20s of the twentieth century. In his research, the author uses the criteria for the viability of scientific schools proposed by V.I. Borodulin in relation to clinical schools. The decisive criterion is the presence of an original scientific direction developed by the teacher and his students. The author highlights such directions in the work of scientific teams headed by A.M. Stochik and V.I. Borodulin and indicates the leading representatives of these schools. The issues of “registration” of each student in a given school, partial “adjacent” to the school, and affiliated schools are also considered.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2023, it was 85 years since the founding of the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine at Kazan State Medical University. The article describes the main stages of the history of the department, from its foundation to the present day. The first head of the department in 1938 was V.I. Popov. In addition to successful work in training specialists, the history of the department was marked by extensive scientific activity and work carried out in the direction of the infectious diseases prevention, including as part of eliminating outbreaks. Employees of the department have carried out scientific research devoted to improving the diagnosis of infectious diseases, improving epidemiological surveillance in order to further reduce the incidence and eliminate current infections, including diphtheria, typhus and typhoid fever, tuberculosis, smallpox, viral hepatitis, infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. A significant part of the scientific work carried out by the staff of the department concerned the study of post-infectious and post-vaccination immunity, as well as the study of the influence of environmental risk factors on the immunological reactivity of the body. The change in the paradigm of modern epidemiology and the epidemic situation has necessitated modification of the educational process with the inclusion in the program and expansion of teaching in such areas as clinical epidemiology, hospital epidemiology, and military epidemiology. In 2016, the department was renamed the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine.
{"title":"85 years of the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine of Kazan State Medical University: from history to modern times","authors":"G. Khasanova","doi":"10.17816/kmj623811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj623811","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, it was 85 years since the founding of the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine at Kazan State Medical University. The article describes the main stages of the history of the department, from its foundation to the present day. The first head of the department in 1938 was V.I. Popov. In addition to successful work in training specialists, the history of the department was marked by extensive scientific activity and work carried out in the direction of the infectious diseases prevention, including as part of eliminating outbreaks. Employees of the department have carried out scientific research devoted to improving the diagnosis of infectious diseases, improving epidemiological surveillance in order to further reduce the incidence and eliminate current infections, including diphtheria, typhus and typhoid fever, tuberculosis, smallpox, viral hepatitis, infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. A significant part of the scientific work carried out by the staff of the department concerned the study of post-infectious and post-vaccination immunity, as well as the study of the influence of environmental risk factors on the immunological reactivity of the body. The change in the paradigm of modern epidemiology and the epidemic situation has necessitated modification of the educational process with the inclusion in the program and expansion of teaching in such areas as clinical epidemiology, hospital epidemiology, and military epidemiology. In 2016, the department was renamed the Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the second half of the 20th century in the USSR there were two influential schools of medical historians, competing with each other: the school of B.D. Petrov (Department of the History of Medicine of the Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and History of Medicine named after N.A. Semashko) and the school of F.R. Borodulin [Department of the History of Medicine of the First Moscow Medical Institute (Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov)]. With the end of the Soviet era in the history of the country, the influence of these schools also ended. In the 21st century, according to the author, there are also two scientific schools of medical historians functioning in Russia, they were created respectively by Academician A.M. Stochik and Professor V.I.Borodulin. Both schools have no genetic connection with the schools of the twentieth century and successfully continue the development of the scientific history of medicine, interrupted in the 20s of the twentieth century. In his research, the author uses the criteria for the viability of scientific schools proposed by V.I. Borodulin in relation to clinical schools. The decisive criterion is the presence of an original scientific direction developed by the teacher and his students. The author highlights such directions in the work of scientific teams headed by A.M. Stochik and V.I. Borodulin and indicates the leading representatives of these schools. The issues of “registration” of each student in a given school, partial “adjacent” to the school, and affiliated schools are also considered.
{"title":"On modern Russian scientific schools in the history of medicine and the criteria for their validity","authors":"Valerii Y. Albitskiy","doi":"10.17816/kmj626239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj626239","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the 20th century in the USSR there were two influential schools of medical historians, competing with each other: the school of B.D. Petrov (Department of the History of Medicine of the Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and History of Medicine named after N.A. Semashko) and the school of F.R. Borodulin [Department of the History of Medicine of the First Moscow Medical Institute (Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov)]. With the end of the Soviet era in the history of the country, the influence of these schools also ended. In the 21st century, according to the author, there are also two scientific schools of medical historians functioning in Russia, they were created respectively by Academician A.M. Stochik and Professor V.I.Borodulin. Both schools have no genetic connection with the schools of the twentieth century and successfully continue the development of the scientific history of medicine, interrupted in the 20s of the twentieth century. In his research, the author uses the criteria for the viability of scientific schools proposed by V.I. Borodulin in relation to clinical schools. The decisive criterion is the presence of an original scientific direction developed by the teacher and his students. The author highlights such directions in the work of scientific teams headed by A.M. Stochik and V.I. Borodulin and indicates the leading representatives of these schools. The issues of “registration” of each student in a given school, partial “adjacent” to the school, and affiliated schools are also considered.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. R. Akramov, Aidar K. Zakirov, E. I. Khaertdinov, V. I. Morozov
There are many studies regarding treatment methods for bladder exstrophy, but it is impossible to single out the only correct one. When treating bladder exstrophy, all defects can be eliminated separately, but the effect of such interventions will be incomplete. When analyzing the anatomy of patients with this pathology, pronounced splitting and divergence of the pelvic muscles is noted due to dysplasia and the wide position of the iliac and pubic bones. Due to the inferiority of the pelvic bones, the functions of all its organs are disrupted. Modern methods of radiation research have made it possible to better understand the main causes of such changes: outwardly rotated iliac bones, retroversion of the acetabulum and femur, shortened branches of the pubic bones, a backward curved acetabulum and flabby sacroiliac joint, increased distance between the triradial cartilages. Such changes are difficult to eliminate with soft tissue plastic surgery, so specialists who use osteotomy of the pelvic bones in the treatment of this pathology have more positive results. Since 1958, in the treatment of children with exstrophy of the bladder, osteotomy has been used in various versions, which makes it possible to restore the pelvic ring, improve the results of soft tissue plastic surgery and urinary continence. The authors noted a high rate of continence success in patients who underwent primary bladder closure without complications such as wound infection, dehiscence, or any degree of bladder prolapse. Thus, correction of the skeletal system serves as a basic element in the correction of bladder exstrophy.
{"title":"Pathology of the pelvic bones and its correction in bladder exstrophy","authors":"N. R. Akramov, Aidar K. Zakirov, E. I. Khaertdinov, V. I. Morozov","doi":"10.17816/kmj607382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj607382","url":null,"abstract":"There are many studies regarding treatment methods for bladder exstrophy, but it is impossible to single out the only correct one. When treating bladder exstrophy, all defects can be eliminated separately, but the effect of such interventions will be incomplete. When analyzing the anatomy of patients with this pathology, pronounced splitting and divergence of the pelvic muscles is noted due to dysplasia and the wide position of the iliac and pubic bones. Due to the inferiority of the pelvic bones, the functions of all its organs are disrupted. Modern methods of radiation research have made it possible to better understand the main causes of such changes: outwardly rotated iliac bones, retroversion of the acetabulum and femur, shortened branches of the pubic bones, a backward curved acetabulum and flabby sacroiliac joint, increased distance between the triradial cartilages. Such changes are difficult to eliminate with soft tissue plastic surgery, so specialists who use osteotomy of the pelvic bones in the treatment of this pathology have more positive results. Since 1958, in the treatment of children with exstrophy of the bladder, osteotomy has been used in various versions, which makes it possible to restore the pelvic ring, improve the results of soft tissue plastic surgery and urinary continence. The authors noted a high rate of continence success in patients who underwent primary bladder closure without complications such as wound infection, dehiscence, or any degree of bladder prolapse. Thus, correction of the skeletal system serves as a basic element in the correction of bladder exstrophy.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Abduvosidov, V. I. Chernyavskii, A. D. Smirnova, O. Belenkaya, L. V. Vihareva
Background. Intravital study of the parotid salivary gland individual characteristics using radiation research methods can be used by clinicians for more accurate diagnosis and planning of surgical treatment of the parotid salivary gland diseases. Aim. Study of the parotid salivary glands’ morphometric parameters in people with different shapes of the facial and cerebral skull using radiation research methods. Material and methods. An analysis of the database of studies performed using magnetic resonance and computed tomography of 120 patients of different ages was carried out. Based on computed tomography data, cranial diameters were measured and cranial indices were calculated, according to which the studied material was divided into groups depending on the shape of the facial (leptena, mesena, eurienae) and cerebral (brachycranes, dolichocranes and mesocranes) parts of the skull. Based on magnetic resonance imaging data of the same patients, the morphometric parameters of the parotid salivary glands were analyzed in three planes. Groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis method, followed by pairwise comparisons using the Mann–Whitney method with the Bonferroni correction. Results. In the leptene group, the frontal size of the gland was statistically significantly smaller compared to similar sizes in the group of euriens (right p 0.0001, left p 0.0001) and mesenes (right p=0.0057, left p=0.012). The sagittal size of the gland was statistically significantly different between the brachy-, meso- and dolichocranial groups (p 0.0001 on the right and left). A significant tendency was revealed for a decrease in the sagittal size of the parotid salivary glands from 4.27 (3.77; 4.66) cm (right) and 4 (3.8; 4.6) cm (left) in dolichocraniform individuals to 3.57 (3.22; 3.86) cm (right) and 3.37 (3.16; 3.99) cm (left) in individuals with a brachiocranial skull shape. When measuring the frontal size in people with different skull shapes, a statistically significant difference in gland thickness between groups was found (p 0.0001 on the right and left). Conclusion. In people with different forms of the facial skull, there is a difference in the vertical and frontal sizes of the parotid salivary glands, and with different forms of the brain skull, there is a difference in the sagittal and frontal sizes of the glands.
{"title":"Morphometric features of the human parotid salivary gland depending on the shape of the skull according to radiation research methods","authors":"K. Abduvosidov, V. I. Chernyavskii, A. D. Smirnova, O. Belenkaya, L. V. Vihareva","doi":"10.17816/kmj546014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj546014","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Intravital study of the parotid salivary gland individual characteristics using radiation research methods can be used by clinicians for more accurate diagnosis and planning of surgical treatment of the parotid salivary gland diseases. \u0000Aim. Study of the parotid salivary glands’ morphometric parameters in people with different shapes of the facial and cerebral skull using radiation research methods. \u0000Material and methods. An analysis of the database of studies performed using magnetic resonance and computed tomography of 120 patients of different ages was carried out. Based on computed tomography data, cranial diameters were measured and cranial indices were calculated, according to which the studied material was divided into groups depending on the shape of the facial (leptena, mesena, eurienae) and cerebral (brachycranes, dolichocranes and mesocranes) parts of the skull. Based on magnetic resonance imaging data of the same patients, the morphometric parameters of the parotid salivary glands were analyzed in three planes. Groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis method, followed by pairwise comparisons using the Mann–Whitney method with the Bonferroni correction. \u0000Results. In the leptene group, the frontal size of the gland was statistically significantly smaller compared to similar sizes in the group of euriens (right p 0.0001, left p 0.0001) and mesenes (right p=0.0057, left p=0.012). The sagittal size of the gland was statistically significantly different between the brachy-, meso- and dolichocranial groups (p 0.0001 on the right and left). A significant tendency was revealed for a decrease in the sagittal size of the parotid salivary glands from 4.27 (3.77; 4.66) cm (right) and 4 (3.8; 4.6) cm (left) in dolichocraniform individuals to 3.57 (3.22; 3.86) cm (right) and 3.37 (3.16; 3.99) cm (left) in individuals with a brachiocranial skull shape. When measuring the frontal size in people with different skull shapes, a statistically significant difference in gland thickness between groups was found (p 0.0001 on the right and left). \u0000Conclusion. In people with different forms of the facial skull, there is a difference in the vertical and frontal sizes of the parotid salivary glands, and with different forms of the brain skull, there is a difference in the sagittal and frontal sizes of the glands.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. The likelihood of developing cataracts is influenced by many factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, the presence of somatic pathology (diabetes mellitus, hypertension), dietary habits and lifestyle (obesity, level of education), etc. Aim. To study the risk of developing cataracts in exposed people in the long term after chronic radiation exposure, taking into account the influence of radiation dose and non-radiation factors. Material and methods. The total study group consisted of 14,751 people examined in the hospital of the Ural Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine from 1955 to 2019. Cataracts were diagnosed in 4,658 people. The statistical methods were based on case-control. To assess the association of the studied factors with the risk of developing cataracts, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Morbidity rates were calculated using medical statistics methods per 1000 people. When studying the incidence of cataracts, individualized indicators of radiation dose to the lens of the eye were used. Results. The study revealed an increase in the incidence of cataracts as the cohort ages. There was a tendency for the risk of cataracts to increase (OR=1.10; 95% CI=1.00–1.21) with increasing radiation dose. The incidence of cataracts was associated with the presence of arterial hypertension (OR=2.01; 95% CI=1.81–2.22), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.17–1.58), cerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.03–1.26), increased body mass index (OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.45–1.78), as well as belonging to Turkic group (OR=1.58; 95% CI=1.44–1.71), living in the city (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.15–1.38), having no family (OR=1.72; 95% CI=1.63–1.97), employment primarily in mental work (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.22–1.48). Conclusion. A tendency for the influence of radiation dose on an increase in the risk of cataracts has been established, medical and social factors that increase the likelihood of developing senile cataracts have been identified.
{"title":"Study of risk factors for cataracts in a chronically exposed population cohort","authors":"Ludmila D. Mikryukova","doi":"10.17816/kmj569399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj569399","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The likelihood of developing cataracts is influenced by many factors, such as age, gender, ethnicity, the presence of somatic pathology (diabetes mellitus, hypertension), dietary habits and lifestyle (obesity, level of education), etc. Aim. To study the risk of developing cataracts in exposed people in the long term after chronic radiation exposure, taking into account the influence of radiation dose and non-radiation factors. Material and methods. The total study group consisted of 14,751 people examined in the hospital of the Ural Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine from 1955 to 2019. Cataracts were diagnosed in 4,658 people. The statistical methods were based on case-control. To assess the association of the studied factors with the risk of developing cataracts, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Morbidity rates were calculated using medical statistics methods per 1000 people. When studying the incidence of cataracts, individualized indicators of radiation dose to the lens of the eye were used. Results. The study revealed an increase in the incidence of cataracts as the cohort ages. There was a tendency for the risk of cataracts to increase (OR=1.10; 95% CI=1.00–1.21) with increasing radiation dose. The incidence of cataracts was associated with the presence of arterial hypertension (OR=2.01; 95% CI=1.81–2.22), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.17–1.58), cerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.03–1.26), increased body mass index (OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.45–1.78), as well as belonging to Turkic group (OR=1.58; 95% CI=1.44–1.71), living in the city (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.15–1.38), having no family (OR=1.72; 95% CI=1.63–1.97), employment primarily in mental work (OR=1.34; 95% CI=1.22–1.48). Conclusion. A tendency for the influence of radiation dose on an increase in the risk of cataracts has been established, medical and social factors that increase the likelihood of developing senile cataracts have been identified.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thrombosis becomes the cause and complication of many cardiovascular diseases, and their prevalence remains a leader in the structure of morbidity and mortality in Russia and throughout the world. Modern fundamental and clinical research has significantly supplemented traditional ideas about the mechanisms of thrombus formation. First of all, Virchow's triad has been rethought, in which, according to new data, the leading role is assigned to vascular damage, and slowing down blood flow plays a primary role in the formation of only venous, but not arterial, blood clots. In recent years, the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction underlying thrombosis associated with inflammatory (immunothrombosis) and atherosclerotic (atherothrombosis) damage to the vascular wall have been studied in detail. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of acquired hypercoagulability and hereditary thrombophilia have been deciphered. The traditional concept of dividing blood clots into “red” (venous, consisting of fibrin and red blood cells) and “white” (arterial, platelet) is being revised. It has been shown that red blood cells can occupy most of the volume of not only venous, but also arterial thrombi, and play an important role in thrombus formation reactions. The process of compression (contraction, retraction) of blood clots, caused by contraction of activated platelets, changing the structure of the blood clot and affecting the course and outcome of thrombosis, is being actively studied. A deep understanding of the pathogenesis of thrombosis, taking into account modern concepts, is necessary for effective prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic conditions.
{"title":"Modern concepts about the pathogenesis of thrombosis of various etiologies","authors":"R. R. Khismatullin, R. I. Litvinov","doi":"10.17816/kmj497349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj497349","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombosis becomes the cause and complication of many cardiovascular diseases, and their prevalence remains a leader in the structure of morbidity and mortality in Russia and throughout the world. Modern fundamental and clinical research has significantly supplemented traditional ideas about the mechanisms of thrombus formation. First of all, Virchow's triad has been rethought, in which, according to new data, the leading role is assigned to vascular damage, and slowing down blood flow plays a primary role in the formation of only venous, but not arterial, blood clots. In recent years, the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction underlying thrombosis associated with inflammatory (immunothrombosis) and atherosclerotic (atherothrombosis) damage to the vascular wall have been studied in detail. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of acquired hypercoagulability and hereditary thrombophilia have been deciphered. The traditional concept of dividing blood clots into “red” (venous, consisting of fibrin and red blood cells) and “white” (arterial, platelet) is being revised. It has been shown that red blood cells can occupy most of the volume of not only venous, but also arterial thrombi, and play an important role in thrombus formation reactions. The process of compression (contraction, retraction) of blood clots, caused by contraction of activated platelets, changing the structure of the blood clot and affecting the course and outcome of thrombosis, is being actively studied. A deep understanding of the pathogenesis of thrombosis, taking into account modern concepts, is necessary for effective prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic conditions.","PeriodicalId":17750,"journal":{"name":"Kazan medical journal","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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