Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p16
F. Andiarna, E. Agustina, M. Hadi, F. Rahayu, I. Hidayati
Semakin banyak jenis limbah yang masuk dalam perairan mengakibatkan pencemaran. Pencemaran lingkungan berasal dari senyawa organik dan anorganik, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan air limbah. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi pencemaran yang terdapat di perairan dengan teknik fitoremediasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi LAS pada perairan yang tercemar dengan agen fitoremidiasi tanaman jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius). Cemaran yang digunakan ada 3 macam yaitu LAS dan LAS dengan kombinasi zat pencemar lain seperti logam berat Pb dan Cd. Konsentrasi masing-masing zat pencemar adalah 0,5 ppm dengan waktu perlakuan 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan Jeruju mampu mengabsorbsi LAS sebanyak 25% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS, 50% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS+Pb, 75% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS + Cd, sedangkan 95% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS+Pb+Cd. Tumbuhan Jeruju tidak mati setelah mengadsorp LAS dan logam berat sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa tumbuhan Jeruju merupakan tumbuhan hiperakumulator.
{"title":"FITOREMEDIASI LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate) PADA PERAIRAN YANG TERCEMAR MENGGUNAKAN TUMBUHAN JERUJU (Acanthus ilicifolius)","authors":"F. Andiarna, E. Agustina, M. Hadi, F. Rahayu, I. Hidayati","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p16","url":null,"abstract":"Semakin banyak jenis limbah yang masuk dalam perairan mengakibatkan pencemaran. Pencemaran lingkungan berasal dari senyawa organik dan anorganik, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan air limbah. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi pencemaran yang terdapat di perairan dengan teknik fitoremediasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi LAS pada perairan yang tercemar dengan agen fitoremidiasi tanaman jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius). Cemaran yang digunakan ada 3 macam yaitu LAS dan LAS dengan kombinasi zat pencemar lain seperti logam berat Pb dan Cd. Konsentrasi masing-masing zat pencemar adalah 0,5 ppm dengan waktu perlakuan 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan Jeruju mampu mengabsorbsi LAS sebanyak 25% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS, 50% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS+Pb, 75% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS + Cd, sedangkan 95% pada perairan dengan pencemar LAS+Pb+Cd. Tumbuhan Jeruju tidak mati setelah mengadsorp LAS dan logam berat sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa tumbuhan Jeruju merupakan tumbuhan hiperakumulator.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85389406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p10
I. Widihati, G. S. U. Mahaputra, I. W. Suarsa
One way to reduce phosphate levels in water is by adsorption. Adsorption is considered as the best wastewater treatment method because the main material, namely adsorbent, is abundant and easy to use. This research was conducted to determine the ability of zeolite combined with bentonite to adsorb phosphate in water, the optimum time, the pattern of adsorption isotherms and the adsorption capacity. The studies included the characterization of the adsorbent as well as its application to adsorb phosphate with various contact times and concentrations. The surface area of the adsorbents was characterized by the methylene blue adsorption method and the active site by acid-base titration. The specific surface area of ??each adsorbent had almost the same value, but the largest was the combination of zeolite: bentonite (1:1) which was 45.9637 m2/g. The largest active site of the adsorbent was the combination of zeolite: bentonite (1:1) adsorbent, which is 1.2842×1024 sites/g adsorbent. All the zeolite : bentonite combination adsorbents had the same optimum contact time of 24 hours. The zeolite: bentonite (5:0) followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm pattern, while the zeolite : bentonite (1:1) followed the Freundlich isotherm pattern. Zeolite : bentonite (5:0), (1:1), and (0:5) had the optimum adsorption capacity at the concentration of 100 ppm with the percentage of phosphate adsorbed of 96.66; 97.67; 97.02%, respectively, so it showed that the zeolite : bentonite (1:1) adsorbed the most phosphate. Keywords: adsorption, bentonite, phosphate, zeolite.
{"title":"PEMANFAATAN ZEOLIT-BENTONIT SEBAGAI ADSORBEN FOSFAT DALAM AIR","authors":"I. Widihati, G. S. U. Mahaputra, I. W. Suarsa","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p10","url":null,"abstract":"One way to reduce phosphate levels in water is by adsorption. Adsorption is considered as the best wastewater treatment method because the main material, namely adsorbent, is abundant and easy to use. This research was conducted to determine the ability of zeolite combined with bentonite to adsorb phosphate in water, the optimum time, the pattern of adsorption isotherms and the adsorption capacity. The studies included the characterization of the adsorbent as well as its application to adsorb phosphate with various contact times and concentrations. The surface area of the adsorbents was characterized by the methylene blue adsorption method and the active site by acid-base titration. The specific surface area of ??each adsorbent had almost the same value, but the largest was the combination of zeolite: bentonite (1:1) which was 45.9637 m2/g. The largest active site of the adsorbent was the combination of zeolite: bentonite (1:1) adsorbent, which is 1.2842×1024 sites/g adsorbent. All the zeolite : bentonite combination adsorbents had the same optimum contact time of 24 hours. The zeolite: bentonite (5:0) followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm pattern, while the zeolite : bentonite (1:1) followed the Freundlich isotherm pattern. Zeolite : bentonite (5:0), (1:1), and (0:5) had the optimum adsorption capacity at the concentration of 100 ppm with the percentage of phosphate adsorbed of 96.66; 97.67; 97.02%, respectively, so it showed that the zeolite : bentonite (1:1) adsorbed the most phosphate. \u0000Keywords: adsorption, bentonite, phosphate, zeolite.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89085574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p07
J. B. Butler, I. B. Budiarsa Suyasa, I. Negara
Slaughterhouses produce wastewater containing high organic matter, which has the effect of polluting water and the surrounding environment. Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment can be done biologically, namely biofiltration, by utilizing microorganisms and chlorination. Efforts in wastewater treatment continue to be developed. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of biofiltration processing techniques with an Aerobic Fixed-Bed Reactor (AFBR) with pumice stone media combined with chlorination to reduce the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, ammonia, and coliform bacteria. The method applied was to use biofilms from the seedings on pumice with variations of with or without the addition of active suspension, aeration system treatment with time variations, and the addition of chlorine with variations of active chlorine doses. The results showed that the addition of active suspension in the process produced the best biofilm, and was effective in reducing the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, and ammonia. The best reduction of COD levels was at the 36th hour at 81.60 mg/L with an efficiency of 57.45%, BOD at the 36th hour was 24.67 mg/L with an efficiency of 65.74%, TSS at the 42nd hour was 54.0 mg/L with an efficiency of 85.66%, and ammonia at the 42nd hour of 1.5539 mg/L with an efficiency of 88.29%. Chlorination after the treatment with AFBR resulted in a decreased number of coliform bacteria from 1,100 MPN/100 mL to 0 MPN/100 mL with 100% efficiency. The chlorination process resulted in the optimum chlorine dose of 165 ppm with a chlorine residual of 28.80 mg/L. Thus, the treatment for 36-42 hours on AFBR followed by chlorination with a chlorine dose of 165 ppm was relatively effective in reducing COD, BOD, TSS, ammonia, and coliform levels of bacteria in slaughterhouses wastewater. Keywords: ammonia, biofiltration, chlorination, coliform.
{"title":"PENURUNAN COD, BOD, TSS, AMONIA DAN KOLIFORM AIR LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN DENGAN BIOFILTER AEROBIC FIXED-BED REACTOR DAN KLORINASI","authors":"J. B. Butler, I. B. Budiarsa Suyasa, I. Negara","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p07","url":null,"abstract":"Slaughterhouses produce wastewater containing high organic matter, which has the effect of polluting water and the surrounding environment. Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment can be done biologically, namely biofiltration, by utilizing microorganisms and chlorination. Efforts in wastewater treatment continue to be developed. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of biofiltration processing techniques with an Aerobic Fixed-Bed Reactor (AFBR) with pumice stone media combined with chlorination to reduce the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, ammonia, and coliform bacteria. The method applied was to use biofilms from the seedings on pumice with variations of with or without the addition of active suspension, aeration system treatment with time variations, and the addition of chlorine with variations of active chlorine doses. The results showed that the addition of active suspension in the process produced the best biofilm, and was effective in reducing the levels of COD, BOD, TSS, and ammonia. The best reduction of COD levels was at the 36th hour at 81.60 mg/L with an efficiency of 57.45%, BOD at the 36th hour was 24.67 mg/L with an efficiency of 65.74%, TSS at the 42nd hour was 54.0 mg/L with an efficiency of 85.66%, and ammonia at the 42nd hour of 1.5539 mg/L with an efficiency of 88.29%. Chlorination after the treatment with AFBR resulted in a decreased number of coliform bacteria from 1,100 MPN/100 mL to 0 MPN/100 mL with 100% efficiency. The chlorination process resulted in the optimum chlorine dose of 165 ppm with a chlorine residual of 28.80 mg/L. Thus, the treatment for 36-42 hours on AFBR followed by chlorination with a chlorine dose of 165 ppm was relatively effective in reducing COD, BOD, TSS, ammonia, and coliform levels of bacteria in slaughterhouses wastewater. \u0000Keywords: ammonia, biofiltration, chlorination, coliform.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90550470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p09
I. W. Suarsa, I. Simpen, M. W. Prayani
This research was conducted to determine the ability of TiO2/natural zeolite in adsorbing free fatty acids in used cooking oil. The studies included the synthesis of TiO2/natural zeolite adsorbent, characterization, and its application to adsorb free fatty acids with variations of contact time, oil volume, and adsorbent mass. The adsorbents’ functional groups were characterized by FTIR, active site by acid-base titration, and surface area by adsorption of methylene blue. The best character of adsorbent was TiO2/natural zeolite 9:100 which had a basicity active site of 11.6048 x 1020 sites/g and a surface area of ??45.6979 m2/g. The results showed that the optimum adsorption process occurred at a contact time of 60 minutes with an oil volume of 100 mL and an adsorbent mass of 0.30 grams resulting in an adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency (%EE) of (1,00 ± 0.00) mg/g and (79.57 ± 0.17)%, respectively. The type of adsorption isotherm that occurred was Freundlich isotherm with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9910 and Gibbs free energy (?G0) of -3.5571 kJ/mol, which indicated the adsorption process occurred spontaneously and it was a physical adsorption (heterogeneous and multilayers pores). Keywords: adsorption, adsorption isotherm, free fatty acids, TiO2/natural zeolite, used cooking oil.
{"title":"ADSORPSI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS PADA MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN TiO2/ZEOLIT ALAM","authors":"I. W. Suarsa, I. Simpen, M. W. Prayani","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p09","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to determine the ability of TiO2/natural zeolite in adsorbing free fatty acids in used cooking oil. The studies included the synthesis of TiO2/natural zeolite adsorbent, characterization, and its application to adsorb free fatty acids with variations of contact time, oil volume, and adsorbent mass. The adsorbents’ functional groups were characterized by FTIR, active site by acid-base titration, and surface area by adsorption of methylene blue. The best character of adsorbent was TiO2/natural zeolite 9:100 which had a basicity active site of 11.6048 x 1020 sites/g and a surface area of ??45.6979 m2/g. The results showed that the optimum adsorption process occurred at a contact time of 60 minutes with an oil volume of 100 mL and an adsorbent mass of 0.30 grams resulting in an adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency (%EE) of (1,00 ± 0.00) mg/g and (79.57 ± 0.17)%, respectively. The type of adsorption isotherm that occurred was Freundlich isotherm with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9910 and Gibbs free energy (?G0) of -3.5571 kJ/mol, which indicated the adsorption process occurred spontaneously and it was a physical adsorption (heterogeneous and multilayers pores). \u0000Keywords: adsorption, adsorption isotherm, free fatty acids, TiO2/natural zeolite, used cooking oil.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88323956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p08
R. Adu, R. Roto, A. Kuncaka
The formation of borate ester catalyzed by acid for spectrophotometric analysis of boron was investigated. It was conducted to improve the sensitivity of the boron analysis method by optimizing the type and concentration of acid catalyst that can increase the quantity of esterified boric acid. Boron was separated from the sample matrices by dissolving the boric acid in alcohols, then dehydrated into curcumin followed by spectrophotometric determination at ? 555 nm. The influence of the type and concentration of acid catalyst against the esterification rate was observed by using acetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2.5; 4.5; 6.5; 8.5, and 10.5%. Method validation was carried out under the optimal conditions and used to measure boron and its derivatives in the crackers sample. Maximum absorbance of the boron-curcumin complex was obtained by using an H2SO4 catalyst at the concentration of 2.5%. Spectrophotometric analysis of boron through borate ester distillation gave a good recovery in the range of 99.98-104.62% and acceptable repeatability of ? 2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was found to be 0.316 and 1.056 mg L-1, respectively. This method has a high sensitivity level with a molar absorptivity value of 4.7x105 Lmol-1cm-1. Boron content in the cracker sample ranged from 2.936 to 4.912 mgkg-1. Keywords: acid catalyst, boron, borate ester, distillation, spectrophotometry.
{"title":"PEMBENTUKAN ESTER BORAT TERKATALISIS ASAM UNTUK ANALISIS BORON SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI","authors":"R. Adu, R. Roto, A. Kuncaka","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p08","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of borate ester catalyzed by acid for spectrophotometric analysis of boron was investigated. It was conducted to improve the sensitivity of the boron analysis method by optimizing the type and concentration of acid catalyst that can increase the quantity of esterified boric acid. Boron was separated from the sample matrices by dissolving the boric acid in alcohols, then dehydrated into curcumin followed by spectrophotometric determination at ? 555 nm. The influence of the type and concentration of acid catalyst against the esterification rate was observed by using acetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2.5; 4.5; 6.5; 8.5, and 10.5%. Method validation was carried out under the optimal conditions and used to measure boron and its derivatives in the crackers sample. Maximum absorbance of the boron-curcumin complex was obtained by using an H2SO4 catalyst at the concentration of 2.5%. Spectrophotometric analysis of boron through borate ester distillation gave a good recovery in the range of 99.98-104.62% and acceptable repeatability of ? 2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was found to be 0.316 and 1.056 mg L-1, respectively. This method has a high sensitivity level with a molar absorptivity value of 4.7x105 Lmol-1cm-1. Boron content in the cracker sample ranged from 2.936 to 4.912 mgkg-1. \u0000Keywords: acid catalyst, boron, borate ester, distillation, spectrophotometry.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82587816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p06
I. Suprihatin, R. Suat, I. S. Negara
The textile industry is one of the producers of liquid waste that contains many synthetic dyes and difficult to decompose such as methylene blue (MB). Approximately 15-20% of the MB products that cannot be reused will go into the wastewater which eventually be drained into the catchment waters. This causes a variety of negative impacts, especially in the water environment. One way to prevent this problem is by decomposing the dye using UV light and accelerating the decomposition process with the photocatalysts, namely silver nanoparticles. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for the photodegradation process of MB dyes, and the effectiveness of the degradation of MB dye under optimal conditions. The search was conducted by firstly finding the optimal conditions of the photocatalyst / NPAg volume, irradiation time, and pH. The optimal condition was then applied to photodegrade various concentrations of MB to determine the effectiveness of the process. The results showed the optimal condition of MB photodegradation was 10 mL of photocatalyst / NPAg, 60 minute irradiation time at pH 4. Under such condition, the method effectively degraded 98.21% of100 ppm MB. The method used is also effective for MB up to 150 ppm because it is able to degrade almost 100%. Keywords: photocatalyst, photodegradation, NPAg, methylene blue, plumeria rubra.
{"title":"FOTODEGRADASI ZAT WARNA METHYLENE BLUE DENGAN SINAR UV DAN FOTOKATALIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK","authors":"I. Suprihatin, R. Suat, I. S. Negara","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p06","url":null,"abstract":"The textile industry is one of the producers of liquid waste that contains many synthetic dyes and difficult to decompose such as methylene blue (MB). Approximately 15-20% of the MB products that cannot be reused will go into the wastewater which eventually be drained into the catchment waters. This causes a variety of negative impacts, especially in the water environment. One way to prevent this problem is by decomposing the dye using UV light and accelerating the decomposition process with the photocatalysts, namely silver nanoparticles. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for the photodegradation process of MB dyes, and the effectiveness of the degradation of MB dye under optimal conditions. The search was conducted by firstly finding the optimal conditions of the photocatalyst / NPAg volume, irradiation time, and pH. The optimal condition was then applied to photodegrade various concentrations of MB to determine the effectiveness of the process. The results showed the optimal condition of MB photodegradation was 10 mL of photocatalyst / NPAg, 60 minute irradiation time at pH 4. Under such condition, the method effectively degraded 98.21% of100 ppm MB. The method used is also effective for MB up to 150 ppm because it is able to degrade almost 100%. \u0000Keywords: photocatalyst, photodegradation, NPAg, methylene blue, plumeria rubra.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"61 2-3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78452397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p04
D. A. I. Pramitha, P. A. Suantari, P. D. Gmelina, I. G. M. Suradnyana, P. E. S. K. Yuda
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been widely used as a raw material for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. In this study, the innovation for developing the VCO product variations was done by making preparations using a combination of VCO with cloves. The production of rub oil through a combination of VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. & L.M. Perry) was carried out by extraction and digestion method with variations of heating temperatures of 40, 50, and 60ºC. The testing parameters for the quality of the oil included organoleptic analysis, water content, acid number, peroxide number, and iodine number. The results showed that the quality of clove-VCO oil using various heating temperatures of 40ºC (S1), 50ºC (S2), and 60ºC (S3) had a yellow color and a characteristic clove smell. Samples S1, S2, and S3 had the water content of (0.020±0.002)%, (0.031±0.002)% and (0.024±0.003)%, respectively. Based on the statistics, the water content obtained was not significantly different with p value> 0.057. It was found that there was a significant difference in the value of the acid number of (2.604 ± 0.117), (2.885 ± 0.071) and (3.572 ± 0.072) mg NaOH/10g for S1, S2, and S3, respectively, peroxide value of (0.466±0.057), (0.633±0.058), (0.733±0.058) meq/kg for S1, S2, and S3, respectively, and the iodine number of (9.167 ± 0.129), (8.437 ± 0.065), (8,162 ± 0.032) g iodine/100g oil for S1, S2, and S3, respectively, with p < 0.05. The results of this study indicated that the higher the heating temperature in the clove-VCO rub oil manufacturing process, the lower the oil quality. Keywords: clove, oil quality, rub oil, temperature, VCO.
{"title":"KUALITAS MINYAK OLES YANG DIPRODUKSI DARI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DAN BUNGA CENGKEH DENGAN VARIASI SUHU PEMANASAN","authors":"D. A. I. Pramitha, P. A. Suantari, P. D. Gmelina, I. G. M. Suradnyana, P. E. S. K. Yuda","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p04","url":null,"abstract":"Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been widely used as a raw material for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. In this study, the innovation for developing the VCO product variations was done by making preparations using a combination of VCO with cloves. The production of rub oil through a combination of VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. & L.M. Perry) was carried out by extraction and digestion method with variations of heating temperatures of 40, 50, and 60ºC. The testing parameters for the quality of the oil included organoleptic analysis, water content, acid number, peroxide number, and iodine number. The results showed that the quality of clove-VCO oil using various heating temperatures of 40ºC (S1), 50ºC (S2), and 60ºC (S3) had a yellow color and a characteristic clove smell. Samples S1, S2, and S3 had the water content of (0.020±0.002)%, (0.031±0.002)% and (0.024±0.003)%, respectively. Based on the statistics, the water content obtained was not significantly different with p value> 0.057. It was found that there was a significant difference in the value of the acid number of (2.604 ± 0.117), (2.885 ± 0.071) and (3.572 ± 0.072) mg NaOH/10g for S1, S2, and S3, respectively, peroxide value of (0.466±0.057), (0.633±0.058), (0.733±0.058) meq/kg for S1, S2, and S3, respectively, and the iodine number of (9.167 ± 0.129), (8.437 ± 0.065), (8,162 ± 0.032) g iodine/100g oil for S1, S2, and S3, respectively, with p < 0.05. The results of this study indicated that the higher the heating temperature in the clove-VCO rub oil manufacturing process, the lower the oil quality. \u0000Keywords: clove, oil quality, rub oil, temperature, VCO.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79363794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p05
I. K. S. P. Dewi, N. L. G. A. Sunariani, I. E. Suprihatin
Lead (Pb) is a common pollutant found in agricultural soils and often contaminates the plants growing on the soil. One way to reduce the content of heavy metal contamination such as Pb in agricultural soil is through phytoremediation. The purpose of this study was to reduce the content of Pb in agricultural soils. The method used was remediation by planting gumitir (Tagetes erecta L.) plants on the soil added with various concentrations of Pb2+. The results showed that before planting with gumitir, the soil A, B, C added with Pb of 100; 200; and 400 mg Pb/kg soil, respectively, having the concentration of 108,97±2,25; 214,18±5,47; and 447,04±4.89 mg/kg, respectively, while on the harvesting time the concentration of Pb was 100,52±1,66; 170,04±2,88; and 397,98±2,24 mg/kg, respectively. The part of the plant that absorbed the highest Pb was the root, which was 47,01±4,52 mg/kg. The effectiveness of Pb absorption by gumitir plants in A, B, and C soils were <50% with TF and BCF values ??< 1, so the mechanism in accumulating lead metal is less effective or called phytostabilization. Keywords: adsorption, effectiveness, lead, remediation, Tagetes erecta L.
{"title":"REMEDIASI TANAH TERCEMAR TIMBAL (Pb) DAN AKUMULASINYA PADA TANAMAN GUMITIR (Tagetes erecta L.)","authors":"I. K. S. P. Dewi, N. L. G. A. Sunariani, I. E. Suprihatin","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p05","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb) is a common pollutant found in agricultural soils and often contaminates the plants growing on the soil. One way to reduce the content of heavy metal contamination such as Pb in agricultural soil is through phytoremediation. The purpose of this study was to reduce the content of Pb in agricultural soils. The method used was remediation by planting gumitir (Tagetes erecta L.) plants on the soil added with various concentrations of Pb2+. The results showed that before planting with gumitir, the soil A, B, C added with Pb of 100; 200; and 400 mg Pb/kg soil, respectively, having the concentration of 108,97±2,25; 214,18±5,47; and 447,04±4.89 mg/kg, respectively, while on the harvesting time the concentration of Pb was 100,52±1,66; 170,04±2,88; and 397,98±2,24 mg/kg, respectively. The part of the plant that absorbed the highest Pb was the root, which was 47,01±4,52 mg/kg. The effectiveness of Pb absorption by gumitir plants in A, B, and C soils were <50% with TF and BCF values ??< 1, so the mechanism in accumulating lead metal is less effective or called phytostabilization. \u0000Keywords: adsorption, effectiveness, lead, remediation, Tagetes erecta L.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78617664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p03
I. A. Bawa, N. Pebriani, I. W. Sudiarta
The use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can trigger the presence of heavy metals that can pollute agricultural land. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailability of Pb and Cu metals in cayenne pepper farms in the Subak Sembung plantation in Denpasar as well as the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cu metals in each part of the cayenne pepper plant. The method used to determine the fractions and bioavailability of Pb and Cu was a squential extraction method, while the bioaccumulation was by the destruction method quantified using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results showed that the agricultural land in Subak Sembung Denpasar both before planting and at harvesting contained Pb and Cu metals of 103.2-188.4 mg/kg and 38.3-59.3 mg/kg, respectively. The bioavailability of Pb and Cu in soil was dominated by potentially bioavailable metals (49.67-88.56% for Pb and 51.49-64.18% for Cu), then non-bioavailable (8.40-18.67% for Pb and 33.65-46.94% for Cu) and the smallest was bioavailable (1.95-12.40% for Pb and 0.41-3.31% for Cu). Metal content distributed to each part of the plants, such as Pb in the roots, stems and fruits ranged from 3.05-12.61%, 15.41-16.49%, 41.73-47.91% and 30.26-35.25%, respectively, and for Cu ranged from 42.87-47.91%, 19.13-33.76%, 17.98-26.12%, 4.54-6.84%, respectively. The edible part of cayenne pepper is classified as contaminated with Pb because it exceeds the value set by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency, which is 0.2 mg/kg. Keywords: Bioavailability, Cu, Pb, cayenne pepper.
{"title":"BIOAVAILABILITAS DAN BIOAKUMULASI LOGAM Pb DAN Cu PADA CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum annuum L.) DI SUBAK SEMBUNG DENPASAR","authors":"I. A. Bawa, N. Pebriani, I. W. Sudiarta","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p03","url":null,"abstract":"The use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can trigger the presence of heavy metals that can pollute agricultural land. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioavailability of Pb and Cu metals in cayenne pepper farms in the Subak Sembung plantation in Denpasar as well as the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cu metals in each part of the cayenne pepper plant. The method used to determine the fractions and bioavailability of Pb and Cu was a squential extraction method, while the bioaccumulation was by the destruction method quantified using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results showed that the agricultural land in Subak Sembung Denpasar both before planting and at harvesting contained Pb and Cu metals of 103.2-188.4 mg/kg and 38.3-59.3 mg/kg, respectively. The bioavailability of Pb and Cu in soil was dominated by potentially bioavailable metals (49.67-88.56% for Pb and 51.49-64.18% for Cu), then non-bioavailable (8.40-18.67% for Pb and 33.65-46.94% for Cu) and the smallest was bioavailable (1.95-12.40% for Pb and 0.41-3.31% for Cu). Metal content distributed to each part of the plants, such as Pb in the roots, stems and fruits ranged from 3.05-12.61%, 15.41-16.49%, 41.73-47.91% and 30.26-35.25%, respectively, and for Cu ranged from 42.87-47.91%, 19.13-33.76%, 17.98-26.12%, 4.54-6.84%, respectively. The edible part of cayenne pepper is classified as contaminated with Pb because it exceeds the value set by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency, which is 0.2 mg/kg. \u0000Keywords: Bioavailability, Cu, Pb, cayenne pepper.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85025869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p01
I. M. O. A. Parwata, N. M. D. Devanthi, I. Dewi
The use of herbal medicines as antioxidants has increased recently. One of them is gaharu leaf (Gyrinops versteegii). Gaharu plants have been widely used by people to treat various types of diseases. Papuan people have used the roots, bark and leaves of gaharu as malaria medicine and skin treatment. This research intended to ascertain the total content of flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of the n-hexane fraction in gaharu leaves’ extract. A total amount of 100 g dry powders of gaharu leaves, with water content of 8.59%, macerated with 96% ethanol, resulted in 10 g of concentrated extract obtained by evaporation using vacuum rotary evaporator. This extract then proceeded to the fractionation stage using solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The results obtained were 5.66 g of n-hexane, 2.23 g of chloroform, 0.85 g of ethyl acetate and 1.14 g of the remaining water extract. Phytochemical screening showed that the n-hexane extract positively contained flavonoids with the highest total flavonoid contents of 1557.66 mg QE/100 g. In-vitro test for the antioxidant activity of the n-hexane fraction utilizing the procedure of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) showed the IC50 value of 126.76 ppm. These results indicate that the n-Hexane fraction of gaharu leaves’ extract has a high total flavonoid contents and consists of active antioxidant compounds with medium capacity. Keywords: oxidative stress, flavonoids, fraction n-Hexane, DPPH and antioxidant
{"title":"KADAR TOTAL FLAVONOID DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI n-HEKSANA DAUN GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii)","authors":"I. M. O. A. Parwata, N. M. D. Devanthi, I. Dewi","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p01","url":null,"abstract":"The use of herbal medicines as antioxidants has increased recently. One of them is gaharu leaf (Gyrinops versteegii). Gaharu plants have been widely used by people to treat various types of diseases. Papuan people have used the roots, bark and leaves of gaharu as malaria medicine and skin treatment. This research intended to ascertain the total content of flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of the n-hexane fraction in gaharu leaves’ extract. A total amount of 100 g dry powders of gaharu leaves, with water content of 8.59%, macerated with 96% ethanol, resulted in 10 g of concentrated extract obtained by evaporation using vacuum rotary evaporator. This extract then proceeded to the fractionation stage using solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The results obtained were 5.66 g of n-hexane, 2.23 g of chloroform, 0.85 g of ethyl acetate and 1.14 g of the remaining water extract. Phytochemical screening showed that the n-hexane extract positively contained flavonoids with the highest total flavonoid contents of 1557.66 mg QE/100 g. In-vitro test for the antioxidant activity of the n-hexane fraction utilizing the procedure of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) showed the IC50 value of 126.76 ppm. These results indicate that the n-Hexane fraction of gaharu leaves’ extract has a high total flavonoid contents and consists of active antioxidant compounds with medium capacity. \u0000Keywords: oxidative stress, flavonoids, fraction n-Hexane, DPPH and antioxidant \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77883125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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