Jurnal Kimia最新文献

{"title":"ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF THE GLYCOSIDE EXTRACT OF THE FRUIT Eggplant (Solanum betaceum Cav.) AGAINST Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"I. A. R. A. Asih, V. R. Sari, I. A. Bawa","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p09","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000            Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dapat ditangani dengan antibiotik. Terong belanda merupakan tanaman yang kaya nutrisi serta bermanfaat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak glikosida buah terong belanda terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus serta mengidentifikasi senyawa aktifnya. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi, pemisahan dan pemurnian dengan KLT, pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode sumur difusi, dan identifikasi senyawa aktif menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan FTIR. Maserasi 2000 gram sampel dengan etanol menghasilkan 121,90 gram ekstrak kental. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi hasil kolom (fraksi FI-V) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli berturut-turut adalah 25,00 mm, 18,75 mm, 23,00 mm, 16,25 mm, dan 9,50 mm. Sedangkan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus masing-masing sebesar 29,00 mm, 20,00 mm, 28,00 mm, 18,00 mm dan 11,00 mm. Hasil identifikasi fraksi paling aktif (fraksi I) dengan UV-Vis, pereaksi geser dan FTIR  diduga merupakan senyawa flavonoid golongan flavon yang mengandung  gugus prenil pada C-6, gugus OH pada C-5,3’,4’ dan mengikat gula pada C-7, serta mengandung gugus fungsi -OH bebas, C-H aromatik, C-O eter, C-O alkohol, C=C aromatic, dan C=O alkohol. \u0000Kata kunci : Antibakteri, Escherichia coli, flavon, Staphylococcus aureus, terong belanda \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000            Infectious diseases caused by the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus can be treated with antibiotics. Dutch eggplant is a plant that is rich in nutrients and is useful for inhibiting the growth of bacteria. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the glycoside extract of Dutch eggplant against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and identify the active compounds of the eggplant.. Extraction was carried out by maceration, while separation and purification by TLC. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion well method, and the identification of the active compounds done by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FTIR. Maceration of 2000 grams of sample with ethanol produced 121.90 grams of thick extract. The antibacterial activity test resulted in the column yield fraction (FI-V) against Escherichia coli bacteria of 25.00 mm, 18.75 mm, 23.00 mm, 16.25 mm, and 9.50 mm, respectively, while the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria of 29.00 mm, 20.00 mm, 28.00 mm, 18.00 mm and 11.00 mm, respectively. The identification of the most active fraction (fraction I) with UV-Vis, shear reagent and FTIR indicated the flavonoid compounds of the flavone group containing prenyl groups at C-6, OH groups at C-5,3',4' and binding sugars at C -7, and contains a free -OH functional group, aromatic CH, CO ether, CO alcohol, C = C aromatic, and C = O alcohol. \u0000Keywords: Antibacterial, Escherichia coli, flavones, Staphylococcus aureus, S","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82555190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERBANDINGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI ASAM LEMAK PADA AMPAS KOPI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOXHLET DAN MASERASI","authors":"N. T. Berghuis, P. Maulana","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p06","url":null,"abstract":"            Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi asam lemak pada bubuk kopi dengan metode sokhletasi (S) dan maserasi (M) terhadap ampas serta bubuk kopi sehingga menghasilkan minyak kopi. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah membandingkan prosentase kelimpahan asam lemak di dalam bubuk kopi melalui perbandingan metode ekstraksi. Perhitungan yang dilakukan diantaranya adalah %rendemen, %Asam lemak bebas (ALB). Sedangkan karakterisasi produk hasil ekstraksi dilakukan dengan analisis KLT, spektroskopi FTIR serta analisis GC-MS. Hasil rendemen yang didapatkan pada sampel S (sokletasi ampas kopi), M1 (maserasi ampas kopi , dan M2 (maserasi bubuk kopi) berurutan adalah 18,69%; 5,62%; 5,95%. Sedangkan hasil analisis GC-MS didapatkan % kelimpahan asam lemak oleat dan palmitat secara berurutan pada sampel M1 adalah 18%; 82%. Untuk sampel M2 adalah 71,7%; 16,6%. Untuk sampel S adalah 54,6%; 45,4%. Sedangkan %ALB pada sampel M1, M2, dan S secara berturut adalah 29,3%; 1,1%; 3,2%. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan interaksi vibrasi yang muncul pada semua sampel adalah vibrasi tekuk ikatan C=C alkena (722 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C-O alkohol tersier (1163 cm-1), vibrasi tekuk ikatan CH alkana (1460 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C=O karboksilat (1744 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan CH alkana (2926 cm-1), dan vibrasi Streching ikatan O-H asam karboksilat (3007 cm-1). \u0000Kata Kunci: ekstraksi, bubuk kopi, GC-MS, maserasi, soklet. \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000        In this study, the extraction of fatty acids in coffee powder by soxhlet (S) and maceration (M) methods was carried out to produce coffee oil. The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage of fatty acid abundance in coffee grounds through a comparison of extraction methods. The calculations performed including % yield and % free fatty acids (ALB). Meanwhile, the characterization of the extracted product was carried out by TLC analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis. The yield obtained for the samples S, M1, and M2 was 18.69%; 5.62%; 5.95%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis results showed that the percentage of abundance of the oleic and palmitic fatty acids in the sample M1 was 18% and 82%, in the sample M2 was 71.7% and 16.6%, as well as in the sample S was 54.6% and 45.4% , respectively. While the percentage of ALB on samples M1, M2, and S was 29.3%; 1.1%; 3.2%, respectively. FTIR characterization showed that the vibrational interaction appeared in all samples were the bending vibration of the C=C alkene bond (722 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the tertiary CO alcohol bond (1163 cm-1), the bending vibration of the CH alkane bond (1460 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the C=O carboxylate bond (1744 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the CH alkane bond (2926 cm-1), and the stretching vibration of the OH bond of the carboxylic acid (3007 cm-1). \u0000Keywords: extraction, coffee powder, GC-MS, maceration, soxhlet.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75370874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KONSENTRASI LOGAM Pb DAN Cd DALAM BUAH JERUK SERTA BIOAVAILABILITASNYA DALAM TANAH PERKEBUNAN JERUK DI DAERAH KINTAMANI","authors":"I. M. Siaka, N. Ermin, M. Manurung","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p02","url":null,"abstract":"Kintamani dikenal sebagai pusat penghasil buah jeruk siam di Bali. Berbagai usaha dilakukan oleh para petani untuk meningkatkan produksi buah jeruk siam tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan mengaplikasikan agrokimia. Akan tetapi, penggunaan agrokimia secara intensif tanpa kontrol yang memadai, dapat meningkatkan kandungan logam-logam berat dalam tanah pertanian, seperti yang telah dilaporkan oleh beberapa peneliti. Keadaan ini tentu dapat juga terjadi pada tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani-Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah dan buah jeruk siam serta tingkat bioavailabilitas logam berat tersebut dalam tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani. Metode ekstraksi bertahap digunakan untuk penentuan konsentrasi logam total Pb dan Cd serta bioavailabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga berturut-turut pada kisaran 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg dan 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg. Akan tetapi, konsentrasi logam Pb dalam tanah saat panen jeruk mengalami kenaikan menjadi 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, sedangkan logam Cd mengalami penurunan menjadi 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. Dalam buah jeruk ditemukan bahwa konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd berturut-turut: 18,3048-24,2205 mg/kg dan 12,3983-15,9922 mg/kg. Konsentrasi ini melebihi ambang batas menurut Peraturan BPOM No. 5 Tahun 2018. Bioavailabilitas logam Pb pada tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga di setiap lahan sebagian besar berpotensi bioavailable dengan persentase rata-rata sebesar 49,35%. Berbeda dengan Pb, bioavailabilitas logam Cd yang ditemukan dalam tanah di lahan 1 dan 3 adalah Cd yang bioavailable yaitu sebesar 43,57% dan 39,09%, sedangkan di lahan 2 adalah non bioavailable dengan persentase sebesar 41,33%. \u0000Kata Kunci: bioavailabilitas, jeruk siam, logam berat. \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000Kintamani is known as the center of Siamese citrus production in Bali. Various efforts have been made by farmers to increase the production of Siamese citrus fruits, one of which is by applying agrochemicals. However, intensive use of agrochemicals without adequate control can increase the content of heavy metals in agricultural soils, as has been reported by several researchers. This situation can certainly also occur in the soil of citrus plantations in the area of Kintamani-Bali. This study aimed to determine the concentration of total Pb and Cd metals in the soil and citrus fruits as well as the level of bioavailability of these heavy metals in the soil. The sequential extraction method was used to determine the total metal concentrations of Pb and Cd and their bioavailability. The results showed that the total Pb and Cd concentrations in the soil before flowering citrus plants were in the range of 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg and 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg, respectively. However, the concentration of Pb in the soil during citrus harvest increased to 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, while Cd decreased to 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. In ci","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80199801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GREEN SINTESIS OKSIDA GRAFENA TEREDUKSI DARI ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN KAYU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN REDUKTOR RAMAH LINGKUNGAN ASAM L-ASKORBAT","authors":"N. A. Putri, U. Hikmah, A. Prasetyo","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p12","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000Material oksida grafena tereduksi (rGO) dilaporkan mempunyai beberapa sifat menarik dan salah satu metode sintesisnya adalah metode kimia yang dapat menggunakan prekursor bahan alam yaitu arang. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis rGO dari bahan arang tempurung kelapa dan arang kayu dengan menggunakan metode Hummer termodifikasi dengan menggunakan osidator kuat KMnO4, campuran H2SO4/H3PO4 (9:1) dan asam L-askorbat sebagai reduktor. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan spektroskopi Raman dan infra merah, sedangkan sifat fisis yang diukur adalah konduktivitas listriknya. Spektra Raman prekursor arang tempurung kelapa, arang kayu dan produk rGO menunjukkan puncak khas dari pita D (modus vibrasi yang berkaitan dengan defek pada struktur grafitik) pada bilangan gelombang ~1340 cm-1 dan G (modus vibrasi berkaitan dengan struktur normal grafit) pada bilangan gelombang ~1590 cm-1. Spektra Raman produk rGO mempunyai kesesuaian dengan pola spektra Raman yang telah dilaporkan oleh peneliti lain yang menindikasikan bahwa rGO sudah terbentuk. Nilai rasio intensitas vibrasi Raman pita D dan pita G (ID/IG) produk rGO dari (a) arang tempurung kelapa sebesar 2,471dan (b) arang kayu sebesar 2,001. Rasio ID/IG yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa struktur produk rGO mempunyai defek yang besar yang disebabkan karena kandungan pengotor (senyawa karbon berstrukur grafitik) masih banyak. Spektrum IR arang tempurung kelapa, arang kayu, produk rGO menunjukkan puncak IR pada bilangan gelombang ~1060 (modus vibrasi C-O), ~1502 (modus vibrasi C=C), ~1702 (modus vibrasi C=O), dan ~3244 (modus vibrasi O-H) cm-1. Modus vibrasi IR yang teridentifikasi merupakan gugus fungsi dari produk rGO. Hasil pengukuran konduktivitas listrik menunjukkan bahwa nilai konduktivitas listrik dari rGO arang tempurung kelapa, dan rGO arang kayu masing-masing adalah 2,148x10-7 dan 1,806x10-5 S/cm. Nilai konduktivitas yang diperoleh masih rendah yang dimungkinkan karena sampel yang diperoleh masih banyak mengandung pengotor. \u0000  \u0000Kata kunci:   arang tempurung kelapa, arang kayu, rGO, asam L-askorbat. \u0000  \u0000  \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000  \u0000Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) material is reported to have several interesting properties and one of the synthesis methods is a chemical method that can use natural material precursors, i.e. charcoal. In this study, the synthesis of rGO from the coconut shell charcoal and the wood charcoal via the modified Hummer method using a strong oxidizing agent of KMnO4, a mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4 (9:1) and L-ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The results of the synthesis were characterized using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, while one of the physical properties measured was the electrical conductivity. The Raman spectra of coconut shell charcoal, wood charcoal, and rGO products showed the D band (the vibration mode corresponds to defects in the graphic structure) at a wavenumber of 1340 cm-1), G band (the vibrational mode corresponds to the normal structure of graphite) a","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74224498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL DENGAN EKSTRAK JAMUR Aspergillus niger SERTA UJI ANTIBAKTERI VCO DENGAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"I. W. Suirta, I. A. R. A. Asih","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p05","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000  \u0000Telah dilakukan pembuatan virgin coconut oil (VCO) dengan ekstrak jamur Aspergillus niger serta uji antibakteri VCO dengan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kualitas VCO ditentukan dengan uji kadar air, angka asam, angka penyabunan, angka iod, uji organoleptik, dan analisis GC-MS. Ekstraksi VCO tanpa menggunakan ekstrak jamur hanya mendapatkan VCO sebanyak 5,859 g. Penambahan ekstrak jamur A. niger 0,5% b/v  menghasilkan VCO sebanyak 8,832 g, menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan yang sangat signifikan (p<0,05). Hasil uji kadar air, angka asam, angka penyabunan, dan angka iod masing-masing diperoleh: 0,1958; 0,2929; 5,0487; dan 0,2781, hasil ini sesuai dengan baku mutu VCO yang ditetapkan. Hasil uji organoleptik memberikan VCO yang tidak berwarna dan tidak berbau, dan hasil analisis GC-MS diperoleh kandungan asam lemak rantai medium dengan kandungan asam laurat sebagai komponen terbanyak. Hasil uji antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan kemampuan VCO dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan zona hambat 13,5 mm. \u0000  \u0000Kata kunci: antibakteri, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, virgin coconut oil. \u0000 ABSTRACT                    Preparation of virgin coconut oil (VCO) with Aspergillus niger fungi extract and the antibacterial test of the VCO with Staphylococcus aureus has been carried out. The quality test of the VCO included water content, acid number, saponification number, iodine value, organoleptic test, and GC-MS analysis. VCO extraction without using fungi extract only got 5.859 g of VCO. The addition of 0.5% w/v of A. niger fungi extracts produced 8.832 g of VCO, indicating a very significant increase (p <0.05). The water content, acid number, saponification number, and iodine value obtained were 0.158; 0.2929; 5.0487; and 0.2781 respectively, which met the VCO quality standard. The organoleptic test proved that the VCO was colourless and odourless. Meanwhile, the GC-MS analysis showed the content of medium-chain fatty acids with lauric acid as the largest component. The antibacterial test against Staphylococcus aureus indicated the ability of VCO to inhibit the growth of bacteria with an inhibition zone of 13.5 mm. Keywords: antibacterial, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, virgin coconut oil.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81245325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA KATALIS BENTONIT-ZnO","authors":"I. Widihati, M. Manurung, N. G. D. A. Suastuti, N. P. A. J. S. Putri","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p13","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bentonite clay as a catalyst has been reported by many studies. The catalytic activity of clays is generally not very high. Therefore, the clay must be modified before use. Synthesis and characterization of ZnO (Bentonite-ZnO) modified clay was carried out. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical properties of modified Bentonite with ZnO. Bentonite was dipped first and then intercalated with ZnO which was expected to form pillars. The synthesized Bentonite-ZnO was characterized according to the benefits of Bentonite-ZnO as a catalyst using X-Ray Diffraction, SEM-EDS, FTIR, surface area using Methylene Blue adsorption method, and surface acid sites using an acid-base titration method. The characterization results showed that the intercalation of ZnO into bentonite did not increase the distance between layers, the catalyst became more homogeneous and there was an increase in the number of Zn elements, the appearance of absorption bands in the 3600; 1600 – 1650; 2900-2850 and 450 cm-1 regions which identified the functional group characteristics of Bentonite-ZnO and surface area and acid sites of 46.357 m2/g and 5.887 x 1022 sites/g, respectively. \u0000Keywords: bentonite, catalyst, characterization, pillared, ZnO.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87016693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EXSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG ANDONG MERAH (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A Chev) PADA UDEMA KAKI TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN","authors":"N. W. Bogoriani, E. P. Siregar, I. W. Suirta","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p11","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizome of red andong (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev) is a medicinal plant that contains saponins known to be anti-inflammatory. The research aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the rhizome ethanol extract of red andong. Phytochemical analysis was done qualitatively by using phytochemical reagents. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using 25 Sprague Dawley male rats which had been divided into five groups: negative control (P1), positive control (P2), and group P3, P4, and P5 given extract at doses of 125; 250; and 500 mg/kgBW, respectively. A phytochemical study revealed that the rhizome ethanol extract consisted of alkaloids, steroids, phenolic, flavonoids and saponins compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity test showed that the administration of the extract at a dose of 125 mg/kgBW resulted in an inflammatory inhibition of using 65,876%, on the other hand, a dose of 250 mg/kgBW could inhibit inflammation by 59,994%, and a dose of 500 mg/kgBW had the inflammatory inhibition of 3,908% for 360 minutes of observation. The results of the probit analysis gave an ED50 value of 158,48 mg/kgBW. \u0000Keywords: anti-inflammatory activity, extract, rhizome, red andong.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80236219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODIFIKASI SILIKA GEL DARI ABU LIMBAH HASIL PROSES PEMBAKARAN INDUSTRI BATU BATA DENGAN DIFENILKARBAZON SEBAGAI ADSORBEN SERTA UJI DAYA SERAP TERHADAP ION LOGAM Cr(III) DAN Cu(II)","authors":"I. Sudiarta, I. D. Saputra, P. Suarya","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p14","url":null,"abstract":"The modification of silica gel, from the waste of the bricks burning process, with diphenylcarbazone has been done. The silica gel modified by diphenylcarbazone (Si-DPZon) was obtained by boiling the ash with NaOH solution to create sodium silicate and neutralized with HCl to get the silica gel, then physically modified with diphenylcarbazone ligand. The study included the determination of the adsorbent functional groups by spectrophotometer IR, surface acidity by acid-base titration method, specific surface area by absorption of methylene blue method, the optimum conditions (pH, contact time) of the adsorption of Cr(III) and Cu(II). FTIR analysis showed that the Si-DPZon contained amide (N-H), carbonyl (C=O), silanol (Si-OH), siloxane (Si-O-Si) and aromatic (C-H) functional groups. The results showed that Si-DPZon had a surface acidity (Kal) of 5.8384 ± 0.2466 mmol/g with the number of active sites of 12.3945x1020 atom/g with a specific surface area of 12.6886 m2/g. Si-ABB had a surface acidity (Kal) of 4.5568±0,2453 mmol/g with the number of active sites of 27.4410x1020 atom/g and with a specific surface area of 11.6712 m2/g. The optimum conditions for adsorption of chromium (III), both Si-DPZon and Si-ABB occurred at pH 5 and 15 minutes. The adsorption ability of Cr(III) by Si-DPZon at the pH and contact time optimum conditions was 34.6927 mg/g with an adsorption percentage of 86.7317% and Si-ABB was obtained at 34.5445 mg/g with the adsorption percentage of 86.3611%. Adsorption ability of Cu(II) by Si-DPZon at the pH and contact time optimum conditions was 26.49672 mg/g with the adsorption percentage of 66.2418% and Si- ABB was obtained at 24.93210 mg/g with the adsorption percentage of 62.3302%. \u0000Keywords:  adsorptions, chromium (III), copper (II), diphenilcarbazone ligand, synthesis of silica gel.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75822872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KONVERSI ASAM OLEAT MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO CANGKANG KEPITING TEREMBANKAN ?-Al2O3","authors":"Y. Handayani, I. Simpen, I. S. Negara","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p15","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneous catalysts are commonly used in biodiesel production. The CaO heterogeneous catalyst can be prepared by calcination process from one source of CaCO3 prepared from crab shell. The preparation of heterogeneous catalyst was successfully carried out by activation with KOH and doped with ?-Al2O3. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the CaO/?-Al2O3heterogeneous catalyst and the performance of the catalyst for converting oleic acid into biodiesel. The results of this study that the best characteristics of catalyst were shown by CaO/?-Al2O3 100:7, which has a surface basicity was 20,9532 mmol g-1 with active sites 12,6181x1019atom g-1, and specific surface area of ??42.0979 m2/g. The results of using CaO /?-Al2O3 catalyst for converting oleic acid into biodiesel with the optimum concentration was 5%, the optimum oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:9, and the optimum reaction time of 120 minutes for converting oleic acid into biodiesel with the yield of 89.80%. The characteristics of the final biodiesel obtained had met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182-2015) with density (at 40oC), kinematic viscosity (at 40oC), water content, iodine value were 863 kg/m3; 4.8 cSt; 0.039%, and 35.3562 g I2/100g, respectively. \u0000Keywords: CaO/?-Al2O3, oleic acid,biodiesel, heterogeneous catalyst.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90032724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGARUH PRETREATMENT MAKROALGA ULVA RETICULATA MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE IRRADIATION UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL","authors":"S. M. Kolo, N. Obenu, M. Y. C. Tuas","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p12","url":null,"abstract":"The production of fossil fuels every year until now has decreased significantly. This is in line with the significant increase in energy consumption as a result of increasing population, economic growth, industrial and transportation activities. Alternative energy that can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels is the use of macroalgae Ulva reticulata into bioethanol. The lignocellulosic content of Ulva reticulata can be converted into ethanol through a pretreatment process and dilute acid hydrolysis using microwave irradiation, which is then followed by a fermentation and distillation process. Surface morphology of Ulva reticulata macroalgae samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Reducing sugars were analyzed using the Dinitrosalicylate (DNS) method. Ethanol content was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results showed that the pretreatment and hydrolysis of dilute acid using microwave irradiation reached the optimum hydraulic time and temperature of 50 minutes and 150, with a reducing sugar concentration of 27.97 g/L and a hydrolysis efficiency of 69.93%. The results of the analysis of the ethanol content of Ulva reticulata fermentation using GC was 7.76%. Bioethanol production from the macroalga Ulva reticulata is expected to be a potential new source of renewable energy because it is not used as food. The results of this study serve as a new source of information for the industry to increase the economic value of the macroalga Ulva reticulata. \u0000Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, microwave irradiation, pretreatment, ulva reticulata.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78761391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}