Jurnal Kimia最新文献

{"title":"SPESIASI DAN BIOAVAILABILITAS LOGAM BERAT Pb DAN Cu DALAM TANAH PERTANIAN DI DESA SUKAWANA, KINTAMANI","authors":"K. Putra, I. M. Siaka, I. E. Suprihatin, K. Wardani","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p09","url":null,"abstract":"         Tanah pertanian yang sering diberi pupuk anorganik maupun organik cenderung tercemar oleh logam berat yang terkandung dalam pupuk tersebut. Logam berat dalam tanah, terutama yang bersifat bioavailable dapat terserap dan masuk ke bagian tanaman yang tumbuh di tanah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan logam Pb dan Cu total serta bioavailabilitas kedua logam tersebut dalam tanah pertanian untuk berbagai jenis sayuran di Desa Sukawana, Kintamani, Bali-Indonesia. Metode ekstraksi bertahap digunakan untuk melakukan spesiasi Cu dan Pb dan teknik Atomic Absorption Spectrometry digunakan untuk pengukuran absorbansi kedua logam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam Pb dan Cu total dalam sampel tanah pertanian berturut-turut (40,3607-167,4051) mg/kg dan (26,7679-35,7764) mg/kg. Hasil spesiasi menunjukkan bahwa fraksi labil (F1) paling rendah untuk kedua logam, fraksi reducable  (F2) lebih kecil dari fraksi oxidicable (F3) baik untuk logam Pb maupun Cu, sedangkan fraksi terbesar adalah fraksi inert (F4) untuk Pb dan fraksi oxidicable (F3) untuk Cu dengan kata lain: F4>F3>F2>F1 untuk Pb dan  F3>F2>F4>F1 untuk Cu. Logam Pb dan Cu yang bioavailable (F1) jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan jumlah logam yang berpotensi bioavailable (F2 dan F3). Persentase logam Pb dan Cu yang berpotensi bioavailable berturut-turut berkisar antara (47,57-53,38)% dan (88,29-95,70)%. Persentase logam Pb dan Cu yang rendah pada fraksi bioavailable mengindikasikan bahwa sayuran yang ditanam di area tanah pertanian tersebut aman dari cemaran kedua logam. \u0000Kata kunci: bioavailabilitas, Cu, Pb, spesiasi \u0000                    Agricultural soils which are frequently given inorganic or organic fertilizers tend to be polluted by heavy metals contained in the fertilizers. Heavy metals in the soil, especially those being bioavailable, can be absorbed and enter all the parts of the plant growing on the soil. This study aimed to determine the total contents of Pb and Cu as well as the bioavailability of the metals in agricultural soil used for vegetables cultivating in Sukawana Village, Kintamani, Bali-Indonesia. The sequential extraction method was used to perform the speciation of Cu and Pb and the Atomic Absorption Spectrometric technique was used to measure the two metals. The results showed that the total metal contents of Pb and Cu in agricultural soil samples were (40.3607-167.4051) mg/kg and (26.7679-35.7764) mg/kg, respectively. The speciation results showed that the labile fraction (F1) was the lowest for both metals, the reducable fraction (F2) was smaller than the oxidicable fraction (F3) for both Pb and Cu, while the largest fraction was the inert fraction (F4) for Pb and the oxidicable fraction (F3) for Cu, in other words: F4>F3>F2>F1 for Pb and F3>F2>F4>F1 for Cu. The bioavailable Pb and Cu (F1) were much smaller than the amount of metals being potentially bioavailable (F2 and F3). The percentages of potentially bioavailable Pb and ","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"450 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76738636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI DARI FRAKSI EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BATANG KESAMBI (Shleichera Oleosa)","authors":"B. Situmeang, I. Ilham, A. M. Ibrahim, F. Amin, M. Mahardika, N. Bialangi, W. J. Musa","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p07","url":null,"abstract":"Tumbuhan kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang termasuk dalam family Sapindaceae, yang banyak tersebar di wilayah Asia seperti India, Nepal, Malaysia, dan Indonesia. Di Indonesia tumbuhan kesambi dapat ditemukan di pulau Jawa dan Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri serta skrining fitokimia fraksi dari ekstrak metanol kulit batang kesambi (Schleichera oleosa). Ektraksi sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi, sedangkan pemisahan dan analisis fraksi menggunakan metode kromatografi. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode DPPH dengan kontrol positif vitamin C. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococus aureus dilaksanakan menggunakan metode optical density dengan kontrol positif yaitu ciprofloxacin. Rendemen ekstrak kental metanol diperoleh sebesar 15,5 %. Dari pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom diperoleh sebanyak 7 fraksi. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan fraksi 3 memiliki % inhibisi 69,66 % dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 3,78 ppm. Sedangkan hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 5 dan 7 memiliki penghambatan terhadap  bakteri S.aureus yang paling tinggi dengan inhibisi sebesar 59,76 %. Hasil skrinig fitokimia fraksi 3, 5, dan 7 menunjukkan positif golongan senyawa flavanoid dan fenolik. \u0000Kata kunci: antibakteri, antioksidan, kesambi, Schleichera oleosa, Staphylococcus aureus. \u0000Kesambi plant (Schleichera oleosa) is a medicinal plant belongs to family Sapindaceae, commonly found in Asian like India, Nepal, Malaysia and Indonesia. In Indonesia, kesambi plants can be found in Java and Bali islands. The purpose of this research was to do antioxidant and antibacterial activity tests, as well as phytochemical screening of kesambi steam bark. The extraction was done using maceration method while the purification and analysis of the fractions was carried out using chromatography thin lawyer. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH method with vitamin C as positive control. Antibacterial activity test against Staphylococus aureus was done using optical density method with ciprofloxacin as positive control. The recovery of methanol extraction was 15.5%. Purification of the methanol extract resulted in 7 fractions. The antioxidant activity test showed that fraction 3 had the highest inhibition valueof 69.66% with IC50 value of 3.78 ppm. Antibacterial activity test against S.aureus indicated that fraction 5 and 7 had the highest inhibition value of 59.76%. The result of phytochemical screening showed that fraction 3, 5 and 7 contained flavonoid and phenolic compounds. \u0000Keywords: antibacterial, antioxidant, kesambi, Schleichera oleosa, Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"232 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73249932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KADAR TOTAL FLAVONOID DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT DAUN GAHARU (Gyrinops versteegii)","authors":"I. M. O. A. Parwata, I. A. Kusuma, I. Dewi","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p03","url":null,"abstract":"Antioksidan alami yang berasal dari kelompok senyawa flavonoid pada tumbuhan sebagai antioksidan alternatif terus meningkat penggunaan, pengembangan dan penelitiannya. Salah satu diantaranya adalah tanaman gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii). Tanaman gaharu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dimana zat yang diduga bertanggung jawab adalah senyawa flavonoid. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar total flavonoid pada fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu dan aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan. Penentuan kadar total flavonoid fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu ditentukan berdasarkan nilai absorbansi yang diukur pada panjang gelombang sinar tampak 415 nm dengan menggunakan pembanding kuersetin. Uji aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etilasetat daun gaharu dilakukan dengan mengukur aktivitas peredaman terhadap radikal DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) secara spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Sebanyak 100 gram serbuk kering daun gaharu dimaserasi dengan 2L aqua DM (70oC – 80oC) dan didapatkan ekstrak pekat sebanyak 400 mL. Partisi selanjutnya dengan pelarut n-heksana, kloroform dan etil asetat diperoleh fraksi kental berturut-turut 5,58 gram, 4,05 gram, dan 8,27 gram. Analisis kualitatif dengan uji fitokimia menunjukkan fraksi etil asetat positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid dengan intensitas perubahan warnanya yang paling tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar total yang diperoleh dari fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu adalah sebesar 840,12 mg QE /100 gram dan IC50 60,40 ppm. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii) memiliki kadar total flavonoid yang tinggi dan mempunyai aktivitas \u0000Antioksidan alami yang berasal dari kelompok senyawa flavonoid pada tumbuhan sebagai antioksidan alternatif terus meningkat penggunaan, pengembangan dan penelitiannya. Salah satu diantaranya adalah tanaman gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii), yang banyak dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan sebagai obat tradisional, dimana senyawa yang diduga bertanggung jawab adalah golongan flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar total flavonoid pada fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu dan aktivitasnya sebagai antioksidan.  Penentuan kadar total flavonoid fraksi etil asetat daun gaharu ditentukan dengan cara mengukur nilai absorbansi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 415 dengan kuersetin sebagai pembanding. Uji aktivitas antioksidan fraksi etilasetat daun gaharu dilakukan dengan cara mengukur aktivitas peredaman menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm terhadap radikal DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Sebanyak 100 gram serbuk kering daun gaharu yang dimaserasi dengan 2L aqua DM (70oC – 80oC) menghasilkan ekstrak pekat sebanyak 400 mL. Hasil partisi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, kloroform dan heksanadiperoleh fraksi kental berturut-turut 8,27 gram, 4,05 gram, dan 5,58 gram. Analisis kualitatif dengan uji fitokimia menunjukkan fraksi eti","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77307761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALISIS KAFEIN DALAM KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) PADA BERBAGAI SUHU PENYANGRAIAN DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETER UV-VIS DAN GC-MS","authors":"N. M. Suaniti, A. Saraswati, A. Putra","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p15","url":null,"abstract":"              Proses roasting (penyangraian) saat preparasi biji kopi menyebabkan perubahan pada kandungan kafein pada kopi sehingga dihasilkan kualitas kopi berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar kafein yang terdapat pada kopi pada berbagai suhu serta untuk menentukan gugus fungsi yang terkandung di dalam kopi. Kadar kafein pada sampel kopi arabika dari Desa Ulian Kintamani yang diproduksi dengan variasi suhu penyangraian dan dianalisis dengan spektrofotometri Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Vis), sedangkan strukturnya dianalisis dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Sampel biji kopi tersebut memiliki variasi suhu penyangrai yaitu 195?C, 205?C, dan 215?C.  Kadar rata-rata kafein pada kopi pada suhu penyangraian 195?C, 205?C, dan 215?C berturut-turut adalah 0,28 x 10-3; 0,13 x 10-3; dan 0,10 x 10-3 % (b/v). Dari data perhitungan tersebut menggambarkan penurunan pada kadar kafein seiring bertambahnya suhu sangrai. Namun struktur senyawa kafein tidak berubah dilihat dari hasil data GC-MS. \u0000Kata Kunci: Kopi arabika, penyangrai, suhu, kadar kafein, struktur kafein. \u0000               Roasting process for the coffee beans preparation has changed the content of the caffeine in the coffee which influences the quality of the coffee. In this study, caffeine analysis at various roasting temperatures was carried out to determine the caffeine content in coffee and to know the functional groups contained in the coffee. Caffeine levels in Arabica coffee samples from Ulian Village, Kintamani was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the structure the structure of caffeine compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The samples of coffee beans have a variety of roasting temperatures, namely 195?C, 205?C, and 215?C. The mean levels of caffeine in coffee at the roasting temperatures of 195?C, 205?C, and 215?C, were 0,28 x 10-3; 0,13 x 10-3; and 0,10 x 10-3 % (w/v), respectively.  From the data calculation, it illustrated the decrease in levels of caffeine with increasing the roasing temperature. However, the structure of the caffeine compound did not change as seen from the GC-MS data.  \u0000Keywords: Arabica coffee, roasting, temperature, caffeine content, caffeine structure.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83318828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW: POTENSI TANAMAN MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta ) SEBAGAI FITOREMEDIATOR","authors":"E. Sahara","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p14","url":null,"abstract":"             Fitoremediasi adalah salah satu tehnik alternatif dalam usaha pemulihan lingkungan tanah, air maupun udara yang telah tercemar oleh berbagai macam polutan menggunakan tanaman hijau dalam keadaan hidup. Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai pemanfatan tanaman marigold spesies Tagetes erecta sebagai suatu fitoremediator. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan dan menelaah bahan review adalah studi literatur yang sistematis dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya researchgate, google schoolar, sciensedirect serta sumber lainnya. Dari telaah yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa tanaman Tagetes erecta dapat digunakan sebagai fitoremediator lingkungan yang tercemar berbagai macam polutan. \u0000Kata kunci: fitoremediator, marigold, Tagetes erecta. \u0000                    Phytoremediation is an alternative technique which is used to restore the soil, water as well as the air contaminated by heavy metals and other pollutants using live green plants. The purpose of the writing of this paper is to provide a comprehensive picture of the use of marigold plant species of Tagetes erecta as a phytoremediator. The method applied to collect and review the materials was a systematic literature study using various sources, including researchgate, google schoolar, sciencedirect and other sources. From the study carried out, it can be seen that Tagetes erecta can be used as a phytoremediator in an environment contaminated with various pollutants. \u0000Keywords: marigold, phytoremediator, Tagetes erecta.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82487575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POTENSI KULIT PISANG SEBAGAI INHIBITOR RESEPTOR ANDROGEN PADA ACNE VULGARIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE IN SILICO","authors":"M. Shodiq, S. Khaerunnisa, Y. Setiawati, A. S. Veterini, N. M. Rehatta","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p04","url":null,"abstract":"Acne vulgaris merupakan gangguan kulit yang umum terjadi pada manusia. Acne vulgaris merupakan penyakit yang terjadi akibat peradangan kronis dari kelenjar pilosebasea dengan prevalensi puncak terjadi pada usia remaja. Dalam patogenesis Acne vulgaris, androgen berperan penting terhadap timbulnya Acne vulgaris. Androgen merangsang sintesis lemak dan diferensiasi dari sebosit sehingga timbulah Acne vulgaris. Selama ini, kulit pisang telah dipercaya secara tradisional bagus untuk sel kulit sehingga dapat berpotensi sebagai terapi untuk Acne vulgaris. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk memprediksi potensi kulit pisang sebagai penghambat reseptor androgen pada Acne vulgaris dengan metode in silico. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahapan persiapan struktur 3D ligand senyawa fenolik kulit pisang dan molekul protein reseptor androgen, optimasi struktur ligand, preparasi struktur protein, penentuan grid box, molecular docking, dan visualisasi hasil docking.  Dari hasil docking senyawa fenolik kulit pisang: ferulic acid, sinapic acid, (+)-catechin, dan (-)-Epicatechin, didapatkan energi ikatan masing-masing yaitu sebesar -3,99, -3,67, -5,62, -5,14 kkal/mol sehingga berpotensi menghambat  reseptor androgen pada patogeneis Acne vulgaris. Walaupun hasil docking senyawa fenolik kulit pisang lebih besar dari spironolactone dan flutamide yang memiliki energi ikatan sebesar -6,29 dan -5,94 kkal/mol,  namun (+)-catechin dan (-)-Epicatechin mempunyai energi ikatan yang tidak jauh berbeda dan mempunyai konstanta inhibisi lebih kecil dari kedua obat Acne vulgaris tersebut. \u0000Kata Kunci: Acne vulgaris, fenolik, in silico, kulit pisang, reseptor androgen. \u0000Acne vulgaris is a common skin diseaseamong human. Acne vulgaris occurs due to chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous glands with peak prevalence during adolescence. It is well-known, androgen plays important role in the development of Acne vulgaris. Androgen stimulates fat synthesis and differentiation from sebocytes, causing Acne vulgaris. So far, banana peels is empirically believed to have beneficial effect for skin cells, hence it potential as a therapy for Acne vulgaris is yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of banana peels as an inhibitor of androgen receptors in Acne vulgaris with computer model. This research was conducted with the stages of preparing the 3D ligand structure of phenolic compounds of banana peel and androgen receptor protein molecules, optimization of ligand structures, preparation of protein structures, determination of grid boxes, molecular docking, and visualization of docking results. Based on docking result, banana peel phenolic compounds, ferulic acid, synapic acid, (+)-catechin, and (-)-Epicatechin, the respective bond energies were -3.99, -3.67, -5.62, -5.14 kcal/mol. Therefore, banana peels potentially inhibits androgen receptors. Although the docking results of banana peel phenolic compounds were greater than spironolactone and flutami","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83753377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TEMPERATURE OPTIMIZATION AGAINST P-METHOXYCINAMIC ACID SYNTHESIS THROUGH ULTRASONIC WAVE-ASSISTED KNOEVENAGEL CONDENSATION","authors":"E. Indriyanti, M. Suryaning P, Y. Purwaningsih, F. X. Sulistiyanto","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p13","url":null,"abstract":"               Cinnamic acid derivative compounds are found in almost all plants but the quantity is very small that it cannot only rely on the results collected from the extraction method or the isolation of plant parts alone. Increasing amount of production of cinnamic acid derivatives can be done by chemical synthesis. One of the cinnamic acid derivatives that can be synthesized is p-methoxycinamic acid. It is a derivative of cinnamic acid that is substituted by a methoxy group at para position. The synthesis of this cinnamic derivative was obtained through the knoevenagel condensation reaction with the sonochemical method by reacting 6.61 mmol anisaldehyde, 16.8 mmol malonic acid, and 1.12 mmol ?-alanine dissolved in 37.1 mmol pyridine in an Erlenmeyer flask, then sonicated for 60 minutes at temperatures (400C, 500C, 600C). The synthesized compound was tested organoleptically and its melting point was measured. The result structure was elucidated using FTIR and GC-MS. The synthesized compound in the form of shiny white fine crystals had a distinctive odor and an optimum temperature of 600C and produces % yield of 92.71%. The results of the structural elucidation test of the synthesized compound using FTIR-ATR showed the presence of an OH carboxylate group, C=O carboxylate, C=C, an aromatic group, C=C conjugated aromatic group, and aromatic substitution in the para position. Testing by GC-MS found that the compound has a purity of 100% with a retention time of 11.71 minutes, with a base peak of 178 m/z with a relative abundance of 100%. \u0000Keywords: elucidation, knoevenagel, p-methoxycinamic acid, synthesis, sonochemical. \u0000               Senyawa-senyawa turunan asam sinamat terdapat hampir di semua tanaman namun kuantitasnya sangat kecil sehingga tidak bisa hanya mengandalkan hasil-hasil yang dikumpulkan dari metode ekstraksi ataupun isolasi bagian tanaman saja. Peningkatan jumlah produksi dari senyawa-senyawa turunan asam sinamat dapat dilakukan dengan sintesis kimia. Salah satu turunan asam sinamat yang dapat disintesis adalah asam p-metoksisinamat. Senyawa asam p-metoksisinamat merupakan senyawa turunan dari asam sinamat yang tersubstitusi gugus metoksi pada posisi para. Sintesis turunan sinamat ini didapatkan melalui reaksi kondensasi knoevenagel dengan metode sonokimia dengan mereaksikan 6,61 mmol anisaldehid, asam malonat 16,8 mmol, dan ?-alanine 1,12 mmol dilarutkan dalam piridin 37,1 mmol dalam labu Erlenmeyer, kemudian disonikasi selama 60 menit pada suhu (400C, 500C, 600C). Senyawa hasil sintesis diuji organoleptis dan diukur titik leburnya. Struktur hasil dielusidasi menggunakan  FT-IR dan GC-MS. Senyawa hasil sintesis berupa Kristal halus berwarna putih mengkilap memiliki bau khas dan  suhu optimum 60oC dan menghasilkan % yield sebesar 92,71%. Hasil Uji elusidasi struktur menggunakan FTIR-ATR dari senyawa hasil sintesis menunjukkan adanya gugus  OH karboksilat, C=O karboksilat, C=C, gugus aromatik, C=C terkonjugasi gugus aromatik, da","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84261847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF KCL CONCENTRATION ON ENCAPSULATION EFFICIENCY OF YACON-TUBERS EXTRACT’S CHLOROGENIC ACID","authors":"S. Oktaviyanti, I. Sanjaya","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2021.v15.i02.p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2021.v15.i02.p10","url":null,"abstract":"Enkapsulasi asam klorogenat ekstrak umbi yakon merupakan salah satu cara untuk melindungi senyawa-senyawa aktif menggunakan paduan polimer alam kappa karagenan-locust bean gum dengan penggunaan ion K+ sebagai pengikat matriks melalui metode gelasi ionik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembentukan gel dari kappa karagenan dan locust bean gum dengan bantuan larutan KCl. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan KCl pada pembentukan gel serta efektifitas enkapsulasinya. Bertambahnya konsentrasi larutan KCl juga membuat gel menjadi lebih kaku. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan larutan KCl 0,3M dapat menghasilkan nilai efisiensi enkapsulasi sebesar 79,44%. Kemiripan spektra IR antara gel kappa karagenan-locust bean gum, asam klorogenat murni dan asam klorogenat terenkapsulasi menunjukkan bahwa asam klorogenat hanya terperangkap secara fisik dalam matriks kappa karagenan-locust bean gum dan perubahan spektra karakteristik dari kappa karagenan dari 1018 cm-1 menjadi 1023,62 cm-1 pada sampel hasil enkapsulasi menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara gugus OH dari locust bean gum dan kappa karagenan. \u0000Kata kunci: asam klorogenat; enkapsulasi; kappa karagenan, locust bean gum, Yakon \u0000The encapsulation of chlorogenic acid of yacon tuber extract is one way to protect the active compounds using naturals polymers kappa carrageenan-locust bean gum with K+ ions as a matrix binder through the ionic gelation method. This process was carried out by forming a gel from kappa carrageenan and locust bean gum with the help of KCl solution. This encapsulation process has purposes to determine the effect of the concentration of KCl solution on gel formation and the effectiveness of its encapsulation. The test results indicated that the use of 0.3M KCl solution resulted in an encapsulation efficiency value of 79.44%. The bonding between the two polymers and the K+ cation was thought to result in a higher encapsulation effectiveness. The similarity of IR spectra among kappa carrageenan-locust bean gum gel, pure chlorogenic acid and encapsulated chlorogenic acid showed that chlorogenic acid was only trapped physically in the kappa carrageenan-locust bean gum matrix and the shift of kappa carrageenan peak from 1018 cm-1 to 1023,62 cm-1 of the encapsulated sample had shown an interaction between OH groups from locust bean gum and kappa carrageenan. \u0000Keywords: chlorogenic acid; encapsulation; kappa carrageenan, locust bean gum, Yacon","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78821874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN TENGGULUN (Protium javanicum Burm. F) DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)","authors":"N. M. Puspawati, I. K. D. Yasa, I. A. R. A. Asih","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2021.v15.i02.p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2021.v15.i02.p15","url":null,"abstract":"Tumbuhan tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm F.) secara tradisional telah digunakan untuk mengatasi berbagai macam penyakit seperti batuk, perut nyeri, diare, dan radang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan toksisitas ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol daun tenggulun terhadap larva Artemia salina L dan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktifnya. Toksisitas ekstrak ditentukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan identifikasi senyawa aktifnya dengan LCMS/MS (Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry). Maserasi 1000 g daun tenggulun dengan metanol menghasilkan 116,9936 g ekstrak kasar metanol. Partisi ekstrak kasar metanol memakai pelarut n-heksana,  etil asetat, dan n-butanol masing-masing menghasilkan ekstrak kental n-heksana,  etil asetat, dan n-butanol. Hasil uji toksisitas terhadap ektrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan n-butanol diperoleh nilai LC50 sebesar 218,78; 134,90; dan 223,87 ppm. Ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan toksisitas yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak lainnya. Pemisahan senyawa aktif pada ektrak etil asetat dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi vakum cair (KVC) dengan fase diam silika gel dan fase gerak (n-heksana 100% sampai metanol 100 %) menghasilkan 5 fraksi (FA, FB, FC, FD, dan FE). Toksisitas tertinggi pada konsentrasi uji 100 ppm ditunjukkan oleh FA dengan persentase kematian larva 83,33%. Hasil analisis spectra LC-MS/MS dari fraksi aktif ekstrak etil asetat daun tenggulun FA menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa aktif yang diduga sebagai benzodioxepin-7-yl-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one dan 10-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-9H-[2]benzofuro[6,5-g][1,3]benzodioxol-7-one. \u0000Kata kunci: Tenggulun (Protium javaniccum Burm F), toksisitas, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, LC-MS/MS \u0000Tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm F.) plant has traditionally been used to treat various diseases such as coughing, stomach aches, diarrhea, and inflammation. This studyaims to determine the toxicity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol of the tenggulun leaves extracts against Artemia salina L larvae and identify its active compounds. Toxicity test was performed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method and identification with LCMS/MS (Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry. Maceration of 1000 g of tenggulun leaves powder with methanol produced 116.9936 g of crude methanol extract. The crude methanol extract was then partitioned inton-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts respectively. The toxicitytest resultsexpressed as LC50 value for the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extractswere 218.78, 134.90, and 223.87 ppm respectively. This result suggested that the ethyl acetate extract showed relatively higher toxicity than the others. The separation of the active compound in the ethyl acetate extract was carried out by the vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) method producing 5 combined fractions (FA, FB, FC, FD, and FE).The highest toxicity at 100 ppm was s","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90392053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIA KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO-BASE DAN PEMANFAATANNYA UNTUK KONVERSI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS SECARA SINAMBUNG MENJADI BIODIESEL","authors":"I. Simpen, I. S. Negara, O. Ratnayani","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2021.v15.i02.p09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2021.v15.i02.p09","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian tentang katalis heterogen berbasis CaO dari cangkang kepiting sebagai support yang dimodifikasi dengan K2CO3 dan TiO2 serta pemanfaatnnya untuk konversi minyak goreng bekas secara sinambung menjadi biodiesel telah dilakukan. CaO hasil preparasi dicampurkan dengan K2CO3 dan TiO2 dengan variasi rasio secara reaksi fasa padat. Katalis heterogen yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi luas permukaan spesifik BET dan rerata ukuran partikelnya dengan N2 gas sorption analyzer, keasaman dan kebasaan permukaannya dengan metode titrasi asam basa, serta kristalinitasnya dengan XRD. Katalis dengan karakteristik terbaik diuji aktivitas katalitiknya terhadap yield biodiesel dalam mengonversi minyak goreng bekas dan kandungannya dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik fisiko-kimia katalis optimum diperoleh pada CaO/K2O:TiO2 rasio massa 3:1. Uji aktivitas katalitik untuk konversi minyak goreng bekas menjadi biodiesel diperoleh yield 88,24%, lebih tinggi dari CaO/K2O (65,03%) dan CaO (64,09%). Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa komposisi biodiesel yang dominan adalah metil ester, yaitu metil laurat, metil meristat, metil palmitoleat, dan metil linoleat. \u0000Kata kunci: biodiesel, CaO/K2O:TiO2, katalis heterogen, karakteristik fisiko-kimia, minyak goreng bekas \u0000Research about heterogeneous catalyst prepared from CaO of crab shells as support modified with K2CO3 and TiO2 as well as its utilization for converting used cooking oil (UCO) into biodiesel simultaneously has been carried out. Prepared CaO was mixed with K2CO3 and TiO2 with various ratios by using solid state reaction. The BET spesific surface area and the mean particle size of the resulting heterogenous catalyst were characterized by N2 gas sorption analyzer, surface acidity and basicity by base-acid titration method, and crystallinity by XRD. The activity of the catalyst with the best characteristics for converting UCO into biodiesel yield was tested and the chemical contents were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum physico-chemical characteristics of the heterogeneous catalyst was CaO/K2O:TiO2 with mass ratio of 3:1. The catalytic activity of the CaO/K2O/TiO2 catalyst in converting UCO into biodiesel was 88.24%, higher than CaO/K2O catalyst (65.03%) and CaO (64.09%). The results of GC-MS analysis indicated that the chemical contents of biodiesel were dominantly methyl esters, such as methyl laurate, methyl meristate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl linoleate. \u0000Keywords: biodiesel, CaO/K2O:TiO2, heterogeneous catalyst, physico-chemical characteristics, used cooking oil","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83852523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}