Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p02
M. Afthoni, R. Alfanaar, E. Monica, R. Rollando, W. Swastika, P. N. Alfiyandri
Albuminuria is a condition of the presence of albumin in the urine. The presence of albumin can be an indicator of kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Albumin can be detected based on the change of color from blue to brownish using a silver iodide – methylene blue sensor. This rapid test was developed to detect albuminuria in the urine by utilizing silver iodide (AgI) and methylene blue reagents. The chemical sensor was a colorimetric sensor immobilized with paper and detected by scannometric methods. The analysis of the sensor color changes for albumin was carried out using ImageJ software. The proposed silver iodide - methylene blue-based albumin sensor had a response time of 7 minutes with a linear range from 200 to 500 ppm and the detection limit of 83,039 ppm qualification limit. The sensor had reproducibility (RSD = 2.6917%) with a service life of more than 5 months with an accuracy value of 100.662%. Keywords: albuminuria, chemical sensor, rapid test.
{"title":"TES CEPAT UNTUK DETEKSI ALBUMINURIA BERBASIS PERAK IODIDA(AgI) dan METILEN BIRU","authors":"M. Afthoni, R. Alfanaar, E. Monica, R. Rollando, W. Swastika, P. N. Alfiyandri","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i02.p02","url":null,"abstract":"Albuminuria is a condition of the presence of albumin in the urine. The presence of albumin can be an indicator of kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Albumin can be detected based on the change of color from blue to brownish using a silver iodide – methylene blue sensor. This rapid test was developed to detect albuminuria in the urine by utilizing silver iodide (AgI) and methylene blue reagents. The chemical sensor was a colorimetric sensor immobilized with paper and detected by scannometric methods. The analysis of the sensor color changes for albumin was carried out using ImageJ software. The proposed silver iodide - methylene blue-based albumin sensor had a response time of 7 minutes with a linear range from 200 to 500 ppm and the detection limit of 83,039 ppm qualification limit. The sensor had reproducibility (RSD = 2.6917%) with a service life of more than 5 months with an accuracy value of 100.662%. \u0000Keywords: albuminuria, chemical sensor, rapid test.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73370925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p08
Y. Purwaningsih, E. S. Hanhadyanaputri, E. Mutiara, D. I. Dewi, Y. A. Muthohar
Amides have important biological activities in medicine and agriculture. Amides can be synthesized in various ways, one of which is the direct reaction of carboxylic acid compounds and amines using boric acid as a catalyst. The purpose of this study was to synthesize N, N-diethyl cinnamamide compounds through direct amidation of cinnamic acid by diethylamine. The catalyst used was 5% mol of boric acid. The reaction process took place in a sonicator bath at 50oC within 40 minutes. The characterization of the compound was carried out by ATR-FTIR and 1H-NMR Spectrometry. The product of the synthesis was a 20,47% yellowish-white solid with a yield of a sapodilla fruit aroma. Identification using ATR-FTIR spectrometry showed several functional groups characteristic for Cinnamamide derivative, namely the C=O amide, C=C, C-N, aliphatic CH groups, monosubstituted benzene which were conjugated by a double bond. Characterization using 1H-NMR showed several chemical shifts for the compound N,N-diethyl cinnamamide. Based on these reason, it could be concluded that the compounds N, N-diethyl cinnamamide can be synthesized with good yields in a short time. Keywords: amidation, boric acid, cinnamic acid, irradiation ultrasound, and N,N-diethyl cinnamamide. Senyawa amida memiliki aktivitas biologi yang penting dalam bidang pengobatan dan juga pertanian. Amida dapat disintesis dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan reaksi langsung senyawa asam karboksilat dan amina menggunakan katalis asam borat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis senyawa N,N-dietil sinamamida melalui amidasi langsung asam sinnamat oleh dietilamina. Katalis yang digunakan adalah asam borat 5% mol. Proses reaksi berlangsung dalam sonikator pada suhu 50oC dalam waktu 40 menit. Karakterisasi senyawa dilakukan dengan spektrometri ATR-FTIR dan 1H-NMR. Hasil sintesis berupa padatan putih kekuningan sebanyak 20,47% dengan aroma buah sawo. Identifikasi menggunakan spektrometri ATR menunjukkan beberapa gugus fungsi yang karakteristik untuk turunan sinamamida yaitu gugus C=O amida, C=C, C-N, CH alifatik, benzena monosubstitusi yang terkonjugasi oleh ikatan rangkap. Karakterisasi dengan 1H-NMR menunjukkan beberapa pergeseran kimia untuk senyawa N,N-dietil sinamamida. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil amidasi asam sinamat oleh dietilamina adalah N,N-dietil sinamamida dengan rendemen yang baik dalam waktu yang singkat. Kata kunci: amidasi, asam borat, asam sinnamat, iradiasi ultrasonik dan N,N-dietil sinnamamida.
酰胺类化合物在医学和农业中具有重要的生物活性。酰胺的合成方法多种多样，其中一种是羧酸类化合物与胺类化合物以硼酸为催化剂直接反应。本研究的目的是通过二乙胺将肉桂酸直接酰胺化，合成N, N-二乙基肉桂酰胺化合物。催化剂用量为5% mol硼酸。反应过程在50℃的声纳浴中进行，耗时40分钟。通过ATR-FTIR和1H-NMR对化合物进行了表征。合成产物为20.47%的黄白色固体，产率为皂角果香味。ATR-FTIR光谱法鉴定了肉桂酰胺衍生物的几个官能团特征，即C=O酰胺，C=C, C- n，脂肪族CH基团，单取代苯，它们被双键偶联。1H-NMR表征表明化合物N,N-二乙基肉桂酰胺发生了几个化学变化。综上所述，可以在短时间内以较好的收率合成N, N-二乙基肉桂酰胺。关键词:酰胺化，硼酸，肉桂酸，辐照超声，N,N-二乙基肉桂酰胺。仙川学、记忆、活动、生物学、杨鹏平、达伦、比当、鹏、巴丹、古、古、古、古。阿门达帕特拉斯特拉斯，阿门达斯特拉斯特拉斯，阿门达斯特拉斯，阿门达斯特拉斯，阿门达斯特拉斯，阿门达斯特拉斯。Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis senyawa N,N- ditil sinamamida melalui amidasi langsung asam sinnamat oleh dietilamina。Katalis yang digunakan adalah asam borat 5% mol. Proses reaksi berlangsung dalam sonikator pada suhu 50oC dalam waktu 40 min。光谱分析。ATR-FTIR和1H-NMR。Hasil sintesis berupa padatan putih与kekuningan和sebanyak 20,47%登甘香气buah sawo。用ATR光谱法鉴定赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群，赤霉病菌群氢核磁共振(nmr):核磁共振，核磁共振，核磁共振，核磁共振，核磁共振，核磁共振，核磁共振，核磁共振。Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut dapat dispulkan bahwa hasil amidasi asam sinamat oleh dietilamida adalah N,N-dietil sinamamida dengan rendemen yang baik dalam waktu yang singkat。Kata kunci:阿米达西，阿萨姆波拉特，阿萨姆sinnamat，阿萨姆波拉特，阿萨姆波拉特，阿萨姆波拉特，阿萨姆波拉特，阿萨姆波拉特，阿萨姆波拉特，阿萨姆波拉特。
{"title":"AMIDATION CINNAMIC ACID BY DIETHYLAMINE WITH BORIC ACID AS CATALYST USING ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION","authors":"Y. Purwaningsih, E. S. Hanhadyanaputri, E. Mutiara, D. I. Dewi, Y. A. Muthohar","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p08","url":null,"abstract":"Amides have important biological activities in medicine and agriculture. Amides can be synthesized in various ways, one of which is the direct reaction of carboxylic acid compounds and amines using boric acid as a catalyst. The purpose of this study was to synthesize N, N-diethyl cinnamamide compounds through direct amidation of cinnamic acid by diethylamine. The catalyst used was 5% mol of boric acid. The reaction process took place in a sonicator bath at 50oC within 40 minutes. The characterization of the compound was carried out by ATR-FTIR and 1H-NMR Spectrometry. The product of the synthesis was a 20,47% yellowish-white solid with a yield of a sapodilla fruit aroma. Identification using ATR-FTIR spectrometry showed several functional groups characteristic for Cinnamamide derivative, namely the C=O amide, C=C, C-N, aliphatic CH groups, monosubstituted benzene which were conjugated by a double bond. Characterization using 1H-NMR showed several chemical shifts for the compound N,N-diethyl cinnamamide. Based on these reason, it could be concluded that the compounds N, N-diethyl cinnamamide can be synthesized with good yields in a short time. \u0000Keywords: amidation, boric acid, cinnamic acid, irradiation ultrasound, and N,N-diethyl cinnamamide. \u0000Senyawa amida memiliki aktivitas biologi yang penting dalam bidang pengobatan dan juga pertanian. Amida dapat disintesis dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan reaksi langsung senyawa asam karboksilat dan amina menggunakan katalis asam borat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis senyawa N,N-dietil sinamamida melalui amidasi langsung asam sinnamat oleh dietilamina. Katalis yang digunakan adalah asam borat 5% mol. Proses reaksi berlangsung dalam sonikator pada suhu 50oC dalam waktu 40 menit. Karakterisasi senyawa dilakukan dengan spektrometri ATR-FTIR dan 1H-NMR. Hasil sintesis berupa padatan putih kekuningan sebanyak 20,47% dengan aroma buah sawo. Identifikasi menggunakan spektrometri ATR menunjukkan beberapa gugus fungsi yang karakteristik untuk turunan sinamamida yaitu gugus C=O amida, C=C, C-N, CH alifatik, benzena monosubstitusi yang terkonjugasi oleh ikatan rangkap. Karakterisasi dengan 1H-NMR menunjukkan beberapa pergeseran kimia untuk senyawa N,N-dietil sinamamida. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil amidasi asam sinamat oleh dietilamina adalah N,N-dietil sinamamida dengan rendemen yang baik dalam waktu yang singkat. \u0000Kata kunci: amidasi, asam borat, asam sinnamat, iradiasi ultrasonik dan N,N-dietil sinnamamida.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88887345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p01
I. E. Suprihatin, P. Limbong, N. K. Ariati
Pelabuhan Padang Bai yang melayani penyebrangan dari Bali menuju Lombok dan sebaliknya berpotensi mengalami pencemaran akibat aktivitas pelayaran. Salah satu pencemar yang biasa ditemukan adalah logam berat. Konsentrasi logam total yang biasa dilaporkan dalam berbagai artikel tidak memberikan informasi yang akurat mengenai tingkat pencemaran.Untuk itu diperlukan informasi mengenai bioavailabilitas logam agar dapat diketahui informasi mengenai toksisitas logam tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat total Fe dan Pb dalam air laut dan sedimen serta bioavailabilitas mereka pada sedimen di perairan Pelabuhan Padang Bai.Preparasi sampelair dilakukan dengan pemanasan sampel pada 140?C selama 45 menit, sedangkan sedimen dengan memanaskan dalam campuran HNO3 dan HCl (3:1) dalam ultrasonic bath pada 60?C selama 45 menit dilanjutkan pemanasan pada 140?C selama 45 menit. Spesiasi untuk menentukan bioavailabilitas dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi bertahap. Konsentrasi Fe dan Pb dianalisis dengan metode kurva kalibrasi menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi logam total dalam air adalah 0,12-0,18 mg/L untuk logam Fe dan 0,02-0,21 mg/L untuk logam Pb. Sementara konsentrasi Fe dan Pb total dalam sedimen berturut-turut adalah 8314,68-27787,05 mg/kg dan 20,34-31,44 mg/kg. Hasil spesiasi yang diperoleh adalah Fe bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 0,03% dan Pb bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 8,82%. Logam yang berpotensi bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 49,11% untuk logam Fe dan 66,70% untuk logam Pb, sedangkan logam Fe dan Pb yang non-bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 67,47% dan 41,02%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa air dan sedimen perairan di kawasan Pelabuhan Padang Bai telah tercemar oleh logam Pb karena telah melewati ambang batas. Kata kunci: bioavailabilitas, Fe, Pb, spesiasi. Padang Bai Harbour is a port that serves shipping from Bali to Lombok and vice versa. The port is potentially contaminated with heavy metals due to the shipping activities. Total metal concentrations in seawater and sediments do not provide accurate information about the level of pollution. Bioavailability of the metals is needed to indicate the toxicity.This study aims to determine the total heavy metal content of Fe and Pb in seawater and sediments and their bioavailability in sediments of Padang Bai Harbour. Water samples were prepared by heating at 140ºC for 45 minutes, while sediment samples were wet-digested using a mixture of HNO3 and HCl (3:1) in an ultrasonic bath at 60ºC for 45 minutes followed by heating at 140ºC for 45 minutes. Speciation was conducted by four stages sequential extraction method. The concentration of Fe and Pb were analyzed by calibration curve using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The results showed that the total metal concentrations of Fe and Pb in water were 0.12-0.18 mg/L and 0.02-0.21 mg/L, respectively, while in the sediments were 8314.68-2778
{"title":"KANDUNGAN LOGAM Fe DAN Pb TOTAL DALAM AIR DAN SEDIMEN DI KAWASAN PELABUHAN PADANG BAI SERTA BIOAVAILABILITASNYA","authors":"I. E. Suprihatin, P. Limbong, N. K. Ariati","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p01","url":null,"abstract":"Pelabuhan Padang Bai yang melayani penyebrangan dari Bali menuju Lombok dan sebaliknya berpotensi mengalami pencemaran akibat aktivitas pelayaran. Salah satu pencemar yang biasa ditemukan adalah logam berat. Konsentrasi logam total yang biasa dilaporkan dalam berbagai artikel tidak memberikan informasi yang akurat mengenai tingkat pencemaran.Untuk itu diperlukan informasi mengenai bioavailabilitas logam agar dapat diketahui informasi mengenai toksisitas logam tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat total Fe dan Pb dalam air laut dan sedimen serta bioavailabilitas mereka pada sedimen di perairan Pelabuhan Padang Bai.Preparasi sampelair dilakukan dengan pemanasan sampel pada 140?C selama 45 menit, sedangkan sedimen dengan memanaskan dalam campuran HNO3 dan HCl (3:1) dalam ultrasonic bath pada 60?C selama 45 menit dilanjutkan pemanasan pada 140?C selama 45 menit. Spesiasi untuk menentukan bioavailabilitas dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi bertahap. Konsentrasi Fe dan Pb dianalisis dengan metode kurva kalibrasi menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi logam total dalam air adalah 0,12-0,18 mg/L untuk logam Fe dan 0,02-0,21 mg/L untuk logam Pb. Sementara konsentrasi Fe dan Pb total dalam sedimen berturut-turut adalah 8314,68-27787,05 mg/kg dan 20,34-31,44 mg/kg. Hasil spesiasi yang diperoleh adalah Fe bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 0,03% dan Pb bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 8,82%. Logam yang berpotensi bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 49,11% untuk logam Fe dan 66,70% untuk logam Pb, sedangkan logam Fe dan Pb yang non-bioavailable tertinggi sebesar 67,47% dan 41,02%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa air dan sedimen perairan di kawasan Pelabuhan Padang Bai telah tercemar oleh logam Pb karena telah melewati ambang batas. \u0000Kata kunci: bioavailabilitas, Fe, Pb, spesiasi. \u0000Padang Bai Harbour is a port that serves shipping from Bali to Lombok and vice versa. The port is potentially contaminated with heavy metals due to the shipping activities. Total metal concentrations in seawater and sediments do not provide accurate information about the level of pollution. Bioavailability of the metals is needed to indicate the toxicity.This study aims to determine the total heavy metal content of Fe and Pb in seawater and sediments and their bioavailability in sediments of Padang Bai Harbour. Water samples were prepared by heating at 140ºC for 45 minutes, while sediment samples were wet-digested using a mixture of HNO3 and HCl (3:1) in an ultrasonic bath at 60ºC for 45 minutes followed by heating at 140ºC for 45 minutes. Speciation was conducted by four stages sequential extraction method. The concentration of Fe and Pb were analyzed by calibration curve using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The results showed that the total metal concentrations of Fe and Pb in water were 0.12-0.18 mg/L and 0.02-0.21 mg/L, respectively, while in the sediments were 8314.68-2778","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90512457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p11
A. Pujamada, D. Suhendra, E. Gunawan
Sintesis Asam Lemak Hidroksamik (ALH) telah dilakukan dengan mereaksikan minyak inti buah ketapang dan hidroksilamina secara enzimatis menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi (Lipozyme TL IM). ALH yang didapatkan masih berupa campuran asam-asam lemak penyusun trigliserida minyak inti buah ketapang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pemisahan campuran ALH menjadi komponen tunggalnya serta persentase komposisinya menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Kolom, detektor, dan panjang gelombang yang digunakan saat analisis masing-masing adalah kolom fase terbalik (reverse phase) SunFire C18 5 µm 4,6 x 150 mm, detektor Ultra Violet (UV), dan panjang gelombang 213 nm. Kondisi optimum pemisahan ALH yang diperoleh yaitu fase gerak metanol 100%, laju alir 0,25 mL/menit, konsentrasi sampel 10.000 ppm dan volume injeksi sampel 20 µL. Komposisi asam-asam lemak hidroksamik yang berhasil dipisahkan adalah asam palmitil hidroksamik (13-14%), asam stearil hidroksamik (3-4%), asam oleil hidroksamik (25-26%), dan asam linoleil hidroksamik (59-60%). Kata Kunci: asam lemak hidroksamik, minyak ketapang, KCKT, lipozyme. Fatty Hydroxamic Acid (FHA) synthesis was carried out by reacting ketapang kernel oil and hydroxilamine enzymatically using immobilized lipase enzymes (Lipozyme TL IM). The FHA obtained is still in the form of a mixture of fatty acids that make up the triglycerides of the ketapang kernel oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the separation of FHA mixture into its single component and the percentage of its composition using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Column, detector, and wavelength used in the analysis were SunFire C18 5µm 4.6 x 150 mm reverse phase column, Ultra Violet (UV) detector, and 213 nm wavelength. The optimum conditions for FHA separation were 100% methanol mobile phase, 0.25 mL/minutes flow rate, 10.000 ppm sample concentration, and 20 µL sample injection volume. The composition of the hydroxamic fatty acids that were successfully separated were palmithyl hydroxamic acid (13-14%), stearyl hydroxamic acid (3-4%), oleyl hydroxamic acid (25-26%), and linoleyl hydroxamic acid (59-60%). Keywords: fatty hydroxamic acid, ketapang oil, HPLC, lipozyme.
{"title":"PENENTUAN KONDISI OPTIMUM KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI UNTUK PEMISAHAN ASAM LEMAK HIDROKSAMIK BERBASIS MINYAK INTI BUAH KETAPANG","authors":"A. Pujamada, D. Suhendra, E. Gunawan","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p11","url":null,"abstract":" Sintesis Asam Lemak Hidroksamik (ALH) telah dilakukan dengan mereaksikan minyak inti buah ketapang dan hidroksilamina secara enzimatis menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi (Lipozyme TL IM). ALH yang didapatkan masih berupa campuran asam-asam lemak penyusun trigliserida minyak inti buah ketapang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pemisahan campuran ALH menjadi komponen tunggalnya serta persentase komposisinya menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Kolom, detektor, dan panjang gelombang yang digunakan saat analisis masing-masing adalah kolom fase terbalik (reverse phase) SunFire C18 5 µm 4,6 x 150 mm, detektor Ultra Violet (UV), dan panjang gelombang 213 nm. Kondisi optimum pemisahan ALH yang diperoleh yaitu fase gerak metanol 100%, laju alir 0,25 mL/menit, konsentrasi sampel 10.000 ppm dan volume injeksi sampel 20 µL. Komposisi asam-asam lemak hidroksamik yang berhasil dipisahkan adalah asam palmitil hidroksamik (13-14%), asam stearil hidroksamik (3-4%), asam oleil hidroksamik (25-26%), dan asam linoleil hidroksamik (59-60%). \u0000Kata Kunci: asam lemak hidroksamik, minyak ketapang, KCKT, lipozyme. \u0000 Fatty Hydroxamic Acid (FHA) synthesis was carried out by reacting ketapang kernel oil and hydroxilamine enzymatically using immobilized lipase enzymes (Lipozyme TL IM). The FHA obtained is still in the form of a mixture of fatty acids that make up the triglycerides of the ketapang kernel oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the separation of FHA mixture into its single component and the percentage of its composition using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Column, detector, and wavelength used in the analysis were SunFire C18 5µm 4.6 x 150 mm reverse phase column, Ultra Violet (UV) detector, and 213 nm wavelength. The optimum conditions for FHA separation were 100% methanol mobile phase, 0.25 mL/minutes flow rate, 10.000 ppm sample concentration, and 20 µL sample injection volume. The composition of the hydroxamic fatty acids that were successfully separated were palmithyl hydroxamic acid (13-14%), stearyl hydroxamic acid (3-4%), oleyl hydroxamic acid (25-26%), and linoleyl hydroxamic acid (59-60%). \u0000Keywords: fatty hydroxamic acid, ketapang oil, HPLC, lipozyme.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73261190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p10
I. Hartanti, A. A. Putri, N. N. Auliya AS, A. L. Triadenda, E. Laelasari, C. Suhandi, M. Muchtaridi
Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 disebabkan oleh ekspresi PTP1B yang tinggi dan mempengaruhi aktivitas PTKs, yang menyebabkan insulin gagal berikatan dengan reseptor insulin dan menginduksi resistensi insulin. Senyawa xanton dan benzofenon merupakan senyawa yang telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antidiabetes. Salah satu tanaman dengan kandungan senyawa tersebut adalah Garcinia cowa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui afinitas dan mekanisme inhibisi PTP1B oleh senyawa turunan xanton, benzofeno, dan triterpenoid dalam Garcinia cowa antara lain garcinia cowone K, guttiferone I, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, 1-hydroxyl-7-methoxyxanthone, mangostinone, ?-mangostin, cowanol, gacibiphenyl C, friedelin, ?-friedelinol, dan oleanane-12-ol secara in silico dengan molecular docking serta melakukan studi pre-ADMET terhadap senyawa tersebut. Molecular docking dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap diantaranya preparasi dan optimasi struktur 3D senyawa uji, preparasi struktur 3D reseptor PTP1B, validasi metode, dan docking senyawa uji dengan PTP1B. Hasil yang diperoleh dari docking senyawa uji dengan reseptor PTP1B berupa energi ikatan, konstanta inhibisi (KI), dan ikatan hidrogen. Semakin rendah nilai energi ikatan menunjukkan ikatan antara protein dan ligan yang dihasilkan semakin stabil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan energi ikatan dan KI PTP1B dengan native ligand berturut-turut sebesar -10,07 kkal/mol dan 0,0417 ?M. Sementara dengan senyawa ?-mangostin berturut-turut sebesar -8,91 kkal/mol dan 0.29317 ?M. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa senyawa ?-mangostin memiliki potensi sebagai antidiabetes mellitus tipe 2 dengan menghambat PTP1B. Selain itu, senyawa ?-mangostin juga memiliki profil ADMET yang baik. Kata kunci: antidiabetes, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, penambatan molekuler, PTP1B, Xanton Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by high PTP1B expression and affects the activity of PTKs, which causes insulin to fail to bind to insulin receptors, and induces insulin resistance. Xanthones and benzophenones are compounds that have been known to have pharmacological activity as antidiabetic. One of the plants containing these compounds is Garcinia cowa. This study aims to know the affinity and inhibition mechanism of PTP1B by xanthones, benzophenones, and triterpenoid in Garcinia cowa, including garcinia cowone K, guttiferone I, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, 1-hydroxyl-7 methoxyxanthone, mangostinone, ?-mangostin, cowanol, gacibiphenyl C, friedelin, ?-friedelinol, and oleanane-12-ol in silico by molecular docking and conducted a pre-ADMET study of these compounds. Molecular docking is carried out in several steps including preparation and optimization of the 3D structure of the compound, preparation of the PTP1B receptor 3D structure, method validation, and docking of the compound with PTP1B. The results obtained from the docking of the compound with the PTP1B receptor appears in the form of bond energies, inhibition constant (IC)
{"title":"MOLECULAR DOCKING SENYAWA XANTON, BENZOFENON, DAN TRITERPENOID SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES DARI EKSTRAK TUMBUHAN GARCINIA COWA","authors":"I. Hartanti, A. A. Putri, N. N. Auliya AS, A. L. Triadenda, E. Laelasari, C. Suhandi, M. Muchtaridi","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p10","url":null,"abstract":" Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 disebabkan oleh ekspresi PTP1B yang tinggi dan mempengaruhi aktivitas PTKs, yang menyebabkan insulin gagal berikatan dengan reseptor insulin dan menginduksi resistensi insulin. Senyawa xanton dan benzofenon merupakan senyawa yang telah diketahui memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antidiabetes. Salah satu tanaman dengan kandungan senyawa tersebut adalah Garcinia cowa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui afinitas dan mekanisme inhibisi PTP1B oleh senyawa turunan xanton, benzofeno, dan triterpenoid dalam Garcinia cowa antara lain garcinia cowone K, guttiferone I, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, 1-hydroxyl-7-methoxyxanthone, mangostinone, ?-mangostin, cowanol, gacibiphenyl C, friedelin, ?-friedelinol, dan oleanane-12-ol secara in silico dengan molecular docking serta melakukan studi pre-ADMET terhadap senyawa tersebut. Molecular docking dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap diantaranya preparasi dan optimasi struktur 3D senyawa uji, preparasi struktur 3D reseptor PTP1B, validasi metode, dan docking senyawa uji dengan PTP1B. Hasil yang diperoleh dari docking senyawa uji dengan reseptor PTP1B berupa energi ikatan, konstanta inhibisi (KI), dan ikatan hidrogen. Semakin rendah nilai energi ikatan menunjukkan ikatan antara protein dan ligan yang dihasilkan semakin stabil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan energi ikatan dan KI PTP1B dengan native ligand berturut-turut sebesar -10,07 kkal/mol dan 0,0417 ?M. Sementara dengan senyawa ?-mangostin berturut-turut sebesar -8,91 kkal/mol dan 0.29317 ?M. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa senyawa ?-mangostin memiliki potensi sebagai antidiabetes mellitus tipe 2 dengan menghambat PTP1B. Selain itu, senyawa ?-mangostin juga memiliki profil ADMET yang baik. \u0000Kata kunci: antidiabetes, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, penambatan molekuler, PTP1B, Xanton \u0000 Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by high PTP1B expression and affects the activity of PTKs, which causes insulin to fail to bind to insulin receptors, and induces insulin resistance. Xanthones and benzophenones are compounds that have been known to have pharmacological activity as antidiabetic. One of the plants containing these compounds is Garcinia cowa. This study aims to know the affinity and inhibition mechanism of PTP1B by xanthones, benzophenones, and triterpenoid in Garcinia cowa, including garcinia cowone K, guttiferone I, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, 1-hydroxyl-7 methoxyxanthone, mangostinone, ?-mangostin, cowanol, gacibiphenyl C, friedelin, ?-friedelinol, and oleanane-12-ol in silico by molecular docking and conducted a pre-ADMET study of these compounds. Molecular docking is carried out in several steps including preparation and optimization of the 3D structure of the compound, preparation of the PTP1B receptor 3D structure, method validation, and docking of the compound with PTP1B. The results obtained from the docking of the compound with the PTP1B receptor appears in the form of bond energies, inhibition constant (IC)","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78444803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p05
M. Latief, M. Meriyanti, N. Fadhilah, I. L. Tarigan, A. N. Ayu, R. Maharani, E. Aulia, D. Siregar
Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiacoli merupakan mikroba patogen penyebab infeksi kulit dan diare. Infeksi bisa diatasi dengan penggunaan antibiotik alami. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan A. ilicifoliusberpotensi sebagai antibiotik alami karena beberapa bagian tanaman ini memiliki antimikroba aktif.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengisolasi senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak etanol daun A. ilicifolius dan menguji bioaktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dan E.coli. Isolasi senyawa dengan Kromatografi Vakum Cair (KVC). Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakterinya dengan menggunakan metode disc-diffusion. Hasilnya diperoleh 12 fraksi menggunakan KVC dimana fraksi 3 (F3) didapatkan kristal. Kristal tersebut direkristalisasi dengan n-heksana, untuk mendapatkan isolat F3. Kemurnian isolat diuji dengan tiga eluen Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi dan uji antibakteri. Interpretasi skrining fitokimia dan analisis dengan UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat F3 merupakan senyawa triterpenoid, yang diperkuat dengan hasil Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) bahwa terdapat gugus fungsi -OH (3321,96 cm-1), -CH alifatik (2954,95 cm-1), -C = C (1661,16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378,11cm-1), -CO (1050,54 cm-1), -C = C alkena (881,11 cm-1). Hasil spektrum UV-Vis mengindikasikan isolat F3 memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum (? max) pada 208 nm dan 230 nm yang menunjukkan adanya gugus C=C terkonjugasi. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri didapatkan bahwa isolat F3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus. Kata kunci: antibakteri, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are pathogenic microbes cause of skin infection and diarrhoea. Infections can be resolved with use of natural antibiotics. Previous research has shown A. ilicifolius has potential as a natural antibiotic because some parts of this plant have antimicrobial actives. This study aimed to isolate the bioactive compound from the ethanol extract of A. ilicifolius leaf and test the antibacterial bioactivity against S. aureus and E. coli. The isolation of the compounds was carried out by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and the antibacterial activity was tested using disc diffusion method. Twelve fractions were obtained from the VLC, where crystals were gained for the fraction 3 (F3). The crystals are recrystallized with n-hexane to obtain F3 isolates. The purity of the isolates was tested by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) by using 3 eluents followed by characterization and antibacterial assay. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) interpretation indicated that F3 isolate was triterpenoid compound having -OH group (3321.96 cm-1), -CH aliphatic (2954.95 cm-1), -C=C (1661.16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378.11cm-1), -CO (1050.54 cm-1), -C=C alkenes (881.11 cm-1). UV-Vis spectrum showed that the F3 isolate had a maximum wavelength (? max) at 208 nm and 230 nm which ind
葡萄球菌和Escherichiacoli是导致皮肤感染和腹泻的微生物病原体。感染可以通过使用天然抗生素来治疗。之前的研究表明，植物的某些部分具有活性抗菌素，因此可能是一种天然抗生素。本研究的目的是从叶藻中提取乙醇活性化合物，并对奥雷乌斯和大肠杆菌进行抗菌检测。分离液体真空色谱法的化合物。然后用分离衍射方法测试抗菌活性。结果是使用KVC获得12个部分，其中3个部分获得晶体。晶体经过n-heksana的重新结晶，得到F3分离物。分离物纯度测试了三种薄层色谱仪，然后进行了描述和抗菌测试。解释植物化学和分析筛选UV-Vis显示隔离的F3是triterpenoid化合物,用Fourier-Transform红外线(FTIR),结果有加固功能哦(3321.96星团cm-1), -CH alifatik (2954.95 cm-1), - C = C (1661.16 cm-1)、-CH(1447。93 cm-1 1378,11cm-1)、-CO (1050.54 cm-1), C - C = alkena (881.11 cm-1)。UV-Vis光谱结果表明F3同位素的最大波长(?最大)208 nm和230 nm表示有C=C向位。从抗菌活性测试中发现F3异化在大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌中具有较弱的抗菌活性。关键词:抗菌、大肠杆菌、jeruju (A. ilicifolius)、S. aureus、triterpenoid。葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌是由于皮肤感染和腹泻引起的病变微症。这些废料可以用天然抗生素来解决。普里维奥斯的研究表明，这种植物的某些部分具有天然抗菌素的潜力。这项研究表明，将生物活性化合物从叶酸留存处分离出来，并测试对aureus和E。补偿学(VLC)和防尘行为研究采用了光盘衍化方法，对化合物的溶解进行了研究。我们从VLC中获得了12帧，其中的晶体被压缩为截图3 (F3)。这些晶体正在与f - 3分离物的n-hexane进行再结晶。孤立的本质是由由性格与抗细菌微生物所遵循的3种不同的技术(TLC)测试的。furier - transform Infrared解释说，F3异化的是triter抢劫犯compound der der der der der deruv维斯频谱显示F3孤立有最大的变量(?max) 208 nm和230 nm分别是C=C组。抗菌活动的结果表明，F3异化对大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌的耐药性较低。消毒，大肠杆菌，jeruju (A. ilicifolius)， S. aureus, triterpenoid。
{"title":"ISOLASI SENYAWA TRITERPENOID EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JERUJU (ACHANTUS ILICIFOLIUS) DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA TERHADAP S. AUREUS DAN E. COLI","authors":"M. Latief, M. Meriyanti, N. Fadhilah, I. L. Tarigan, A. N. Ayu, R. Maharani, E. Aulia, D. Siregar","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p05","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichiacoli merupakan mikroba patogen penyebab infeksi kulit dan diare. Infeksi bisa diatasi dengan penggunaan antibiotik alami. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan A. ilicifoliusberpotensi sebagai antibiotik alami karena beberapa bagian tanaman ini memiliki antimikroba aktif.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengisolasi senyawa bioaktif dari ekstrak etanol daun A. ilicifolius dan menguji bioaktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dan E.coli. Isolasi senyawa dengan Kromatografi Vakum Cair (KVC). Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakterinya dengan menggunakan metode disc-diffusion. Hasilnya diperoleh 12 fraksi menggunakan KVC dimana fraksi 3 (F3) didapatkan kristal. Kristal tersebut direkristalisasi dengan n-heksana, untuk mendapatkan isolat F3. Kemurnian isolat diuji dengan tiga eluen Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan karakterisasi dan uji antibakteri. Interpretasi skrining fitokimia dan analisis dengan UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat F3 merupakan senyawa triterpenoid, yang diperkuat dengan hasil Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) bahwa terdapat gugus fungsi -OH (3321,96 cm-1), -CH alifatik (2954,95 cm-1), -C = C (1661,16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378,11cm-1), -CO (1050,54 cm-1), -C = C alkena (881,11 cm-1). Hasil spektrum UV-Vis mengindikasikan isolat F3 memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum (? max) pada 208 nm dan 230 nm yang menunjukkan adanya gugus C=C terkonjugasi. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri didapatkan bahwa isolat F3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus. \u0000Kata kunci: antibakteri, E. coli, jeruju (A. ilicifolius), S. aureus, triterpenoid. \u0000Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are pathogenic microbes cause of skin infection and diarrhoea. Infections can be resolved with use of natural antibiotics. Previous research has shown A. ilicifolius has potential as a natural antibiotic because some parts of this plant have antimicrobial actives. This study aimed to isolate the bioactive compound from the ethanol extract of A. ilicifolius leaf and test the antibacterial bioactivity against S. aureus and E. coli. The isolation of the compounds was carried out by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and the antibacterial activity was tested using disc diffusion method. Twelve fractions were obtained from the VLC, where crystals were gained for the fraction 3 (F3). The crystals are recrystallized with n-hexane to obtain F3 isolates. The purity of the isolates was tested by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) by using 3 eluents followed by characterization and antibacterial assay. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) interpretation indicated that F3 isolate was triterpenoid compound having -OH group (3321.96 cm-1), -CH aliphatic (2954.95 cm-1), -C=C (1661.16 cm-1), -CH (1447.93 cm-1, 1378.11cm-1), -CO (1050.54 cm-1), -C=C alkenes (881.11 cm-1). UV-Vis spectrum showed that the F3 isolate had a maximum wavelength (? max) at 208 nm and 230 nm which ind","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91307259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p16
G. D. Lestari, K. D. Cahyadi, N. K. Esati, I. E. Suprihatin, B. Ankamwar
Metode baru untuk mensintesis nanopartikel emas yaitu metode green synthesis adalah metode yang sangat ramah lingkungan, murah, mudah dilakukan dan menggunakan pelarut yang aman bagi lingkungan. Aplikasi NPAu bagi kehidupan sangat luas seperti antioksidan, antibakteri, biosensor, antikanker dan lain-lain sehingga para ilmuwan berlomba untuk mencoba mensintesis NPAu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis NPAu menggunakan prekursor HAuCl4 0,5 mM dan ekstrak air biji cengkeh 1%. Proses pembuatan NPAu ini dilakukan dengan mencampur larutan HAuCl4 dan ekstrak air biji cengkeh kemudian dipanaskan pada suhu 40?C dan 80?C. Karakterisasi NPAu dilakukan dengan beberapa metode yaitu spektrofotometer UV-Vis dimana didapat ?maks dari NPAu 540 nm (40?C) dan 542 nm (80?C), particle size analyzer menunjukkan ukuran partikel terkecil dari NPAu 116,8 nm dan hasil dari SEM EDS menunjukkan bentuk morfologi dari nanopartikel emas ini berupa kristal bulat dengan kandungan utamanya adalah emas murni. Kata kunci: biji cengkeh, green synthesis, karakterisasi, nanopartikel emas. A new method to synthesize gold nanoparticles, namely the green synthesis method, is a method that is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, easy to do and uses solvents that are safe for the environment. The application of AuNPs for life is very wide, such as antioxidants, antibacterials, biosensors, anticancer and others, so scientists are competing to try to synthesize AuNPs. This study aims to synthesize AuNPs using 0.5 mM HAuCl4 precursor and 1% water extract of clove seeds. The process of making AuNPs is carried out by mixing HAuCl4 solution and water extract of clove seeds then heating it at 40 ?C and 80 ?C. The characterization of AuNPs was carried out by several methods, namely UV-Vis spectrophotometer where the maximum wavelengths of AuNPs were 540 nm (40?C) and 542 nm (80?C), particle size analyzer showed that the smallest particle size of the AuNPs was 116.8 nm and the SEM EDS results showed that the morphological shape of the gold nanoparticles was in the form of sprerical crystals with the main content being pure gold. Keywords: characterization, clove seeds, gold nanoparticles, green synthesis.
合成黄金纳米粒子的新方法是绿色合成方法，非常环保，便宜，使用安全的溶剂。NPAu对生命的广泛应用，如抗氧化剂、抗菌、生物传感器、抗癌药物等，使科学家们争相合成NPAu。本研究的目的是用HAuCl4 . 5毫米前体和1。这种NPAu的制作是混合了HAuCl4的溶液和丁香籽的提取物，然后在40度加热?C和80?NPAu描述通过一些方法,即远UV-Vis获得在哪里? max从NPAu 540 nm (40 C C)和80 542 nm(?)的最小粒子,粒子大小尺寸分析仪显示NPAu 116.8 nm和EDS闪的结果展示了这个nanopartikel黄金的形态学的形状是圆的晶体和主要是纯金含量。关键词:丁香籽，绿色合成物，特性，黄金纳米粒子。一种新的合成金纳米颗粒的方法，生命的阿姨的应用非常广泛，所以科学家们被迫尝试合成阿姨。这个由0.5毫米的春药4毫米的春药和1%的水以丁香种子流出。制造阿姨的过程被雾雾4种解决方案和水排泄的海藻溶解然后在40 ?C和80 ?C中加热。AuNPs之characterization carried out是由好几个方法,namely UV-Vis spectrophotometer AuNPs之最高wavelengths哪里是540 nm (40 C)和542 nm (80 ? C),粒子大小分析仪那里那个《AuNPs smallest粒子大小是116。8 nm和EDS闪results那里的《黄金nanoparticles morphological形状是in The form of sprerical crystals with The玩内容身为纯黄金。字谜:characterization，丁香种子，金纳米粒子，绿色合成物。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p06
I. M. D. Swantara, P. A. Damayanti, I. W. Suirta
One of the plants containing flavonoid compounds, commonly used as traditional medicine in Indonesia, is srikaya (Annona squamosa Linn). Isolation, identification and antibacterial activity test of flavonoid compounds from srikaya leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using diffusion well method have been done in this research. Srikaya leaf powder with 8% moisture content was macerated with methanol then evaporated until concentrated extract of 113.85 grams was obtained. The extract was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents and produced 3.43 grams of n-hexane extract, 2.30 grams of ethyl acetate extract and 3.85 grams of n-butanol extract. The phytochemical test showed that the ethyl acetate extract positively contained flavonoids with the highest total flavonoid levels of 26,117.4 mg QE/100 grams. Isolate F5, as the result of separation and purification of ethyl acetate extract, was positive containing flavonoids and resulting relatively pure isolate, analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Identification of isolate F5 using spectrophotometer UV-Visible and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed two absorption bands at ? max of 376.40 nm (band I) and 256.40 nm (band II) as well as contained functional groups of flavonoid which was OH, C=C aromatic, C-H aliphatic, C-H aromatic, C-O ether and C-O alcohol. These isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the concentration of 15% (w/v) with inhibitory diameter of 7.75 and 7.25 mm, respectively. These results indicated that flavonoids isolated from srikaya leaf extract were suspected 5,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavonol and had antibacterial activity with moderate inhibitory ability. Keywords: antibacterial, flavonoid isolation, srikaya leaf (Annona squamosa Linn),5,3’,4'-trihydroxyflavonol.
{"title":"IDENTIFIKASI SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA FLAVONOID EKSTRAK DAUN SRIKAYA (Annona squamosa Linn)","authors":"I. M. D. Swantara, P. A. Damayanti, I. W. Suirta","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p06","url":null,"abstract":"One of the plants containing flavonoid compounds, commonly used as traditional medicine in Indonesia, is srikaya (Annona squamosa Linn). Isolation, identification and antibacterial activity test of flavonoid compounds from srikaya leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using diffusion well method have been done in this research. Srikaya leaf powder with 8% moisture content was macerated with methanol then evaporated until concentrated extract of 113.85 grams was obtained. The extract was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents and produced 3.43 grams of n-hexane extract, 2.30 grams of ethyl acetate extract and 3.85 grams of n-butanol extract. The phytochemical test showed that the ethyl acetate extract positively contained flavonoids with the highest total flavonoid levels of 26,117.4 mg QE/100 grams. Isolate F5, as the result of separation and purification of ethyl acetate extract, was positive containing flavonoids and resulting relatively pure isolate, analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Identification of isolate F5 using spectrophotometer UV-Visible and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed two absorption bands at ? max of 376.40 nm (band I) and 256.40 nm (band II) as well as contained functional groups of flavonoid which was OH, C=C aromatic, C-H aliphatic, C-H aromatic, C-O ether and C-O alcohol. These isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the concentration of 15% (w/v) with inhibitory diameter of 7.75 and 7.25 mm, respectively. These results indicated that flavonoids isolated from srikaya leaf extract were suspected 5,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavonol and had antibacterial activity with moderate inhibitory ability. \u0000Keywords: antibacterial, flavonoid isolation, srikaya leaf (Annona squamosa Linn),5,3’,4'-trihydroxyflavonol.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73873996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p02
U. Mardiana, S. Nuraisyah
Dalam beberapa kompetisi cabang olahraga, obat golongan antihipertensi seperti atenolol sering disalahgunakan penggunaannya oleh atlet yang membutuhkan ketenangan dan konsentrasi penuh sebagai doping. Saat ini teknik pemisahan yang banyak dilakukan untuk identifikasi atenolol salah satunya menggunakan sorben Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensisntesis MIP menggunakan molekul cetakan atenolol dan monomer akrilamid. Pelepasan molekul cetakan dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut methanol. Identifikasi kadarnya diukur menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dan dilakukan sampai dengan konsentrasi yang terukur di bawah nilai LOD. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kadar atenolol hasil pelepasan kembali sebesar 8,88 ppm. Sementara nilai LOD dan LOQ yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 11,184 ppm dan 37,282 ppm. MIP dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan spektrum NIP (Non Imprinted Polymer) dan MIP yang dihasilkan memiliki pola yang sama dan diidentifikasi pada daerah bilangan gelombang 1500-500cm1. Kekuatan desorpsi antara MIP dan NIP telah diidentifikasi dan diperoleh data bahwa nilai AUC MIP lebih besar daripada nilai AUC NIP dengan nilai % terelusi sebesar 733,74%. MIP tersebut diaplikasikan pada tablet atenolol yang beredar di pasaran menggunakan eluen klorofom dan nilai perolehan kembali sebesar 53,33%. Kata kunci: atenolol, doping, FTIR, HPLC, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP). Antihypertensive drugs like atenolol are frequently used as doping in many sports competitions by athletes who require calmness and full of concentration. Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) sorbent is currently the most widely used separation technique for atenolol identification because of its high selectivity for atenolol adsorption. The aim of this research was to synthesize MIP using atenolol molecules and acrylamide monomer. The extraction using methanol was applied to release the imprinted molecules. The concentration of etenolol was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) that was carried out until the atenolol concentration was below the detection limit (LOD). The results showed that the concentration of atenolol released was 8.88 ppm. Meanwhile, the LOD and LOQ values ??were 11,184 ppm and 37.282 ppm, respectively. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the MIP. The FTIR spectrum of NIP (Non Imprinted Polymer) and MIP showed the same pattern at the wave number range of 1500-500cm-1. The strength of desorption of MIP and NIP was determined, and data was gathered showing that the AUC MIP value was bigger than the AUC NIP one, with a percentage eluted value of 733.74 %. The MIP was applied to the commercially available atenolol tablets using chloroform eluent resulted in a recovery value of 53.33 %. Keywords: atenolol, doping, FTIR, HPLC, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP).
{"title":"PENGGUNAAN MOLEKUL CETAKAN ATENOLOL DAN MONOMER AKRILAMID PADA SINTESIS MOLECULAR IMPRINTING POLYMER","authors":"U. Mardiana, S. Nuraisyah","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p02","url":null,"abstract":"Dalam beberapa kompetisi cabang olahraga, obat golongan antihipertensi seperti atenolol sering disalahgunakan penggunaannya oleh atlet yang membutuhkan ketenangan dan konsentrasi penuh sebagai doping. Saat ini teknik pemisahan yang banyak dilakukan untuk identifikasi atenolol salah satunya menggunakan sorben Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensisntesis MIP menggunakan molekul cetakan atenolol dan monomer akrilamid. Pelepasan molekul cetakan dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut methanol. Identifikasi kadarnya diukur menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dan dilakukan sampai dengan konsentrasi yang terukur di bawah nilai LOD. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kadar atenolol hasil pelepasan kembali sebesar 8,88 ppm. Sementara nilai LOD dan LOQ yang dihasilkan masing-masing sebesar 11,184 ppm dan 37,282 ppm. MIP dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan spektrum NIP (Non Imprinted Polymer) dan MIP yang dihasilkan memiliki pola yang sama dan diidentifikasi pada daerah bilangan gelombang 1500-500cm1. Kekuatan desorpsi antara MIP dan NIP telah diidentifikasi dan diperoleh data bahwa nilai AUC MIP lebih besar daripada nilai AUC NIP dengan nilai % terelusi sebesar 733,74%. MIP tersebut diaplikasikan pada tablet atenolol yang beredar di pasaran menggunakan eluen klorofom dan nilai perolehan kembali sebesar 53,33%. \u0000Kata kunci: atenolol, doping, FTIR, HPLC, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP). \u0000 Antihypertensive drugs like atenolol are frequently used as doping in many sports competitions by athletes who require calmness and full of concentration. Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) sorbent is currently the most widely used separation technique for atenolol identification because of its high selectivity for atenolol adsorption. The aim of this research was to synthesize MIP using atenolol molecules and acrylamide monomer. The extraction using methanol was applied to release the imprinted molecules. The concentration of etenolol was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) that was carried out until the atenolol concentration was below the detection limit (LOD). The results showed that the concentration of atenolol released was 8.88 ppm. Meanwhile, the LOD and LOQ values ??were 11,184 ppm and 37.282 ppm, respectively. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the MIP. The FTIR spectrum of NIP (Non Imprinted Polymer) and MIP showed the same pattern at the wave number range of 1500-500cm-1. The strength of desorption of MIP and NIP was determined, and data was gathered showing that the AUC MIP value was bigger than the AUC NIP one, with a percentage eluted value of 733.74 %. The MIP was applied to the commercially available atenolol tablets using chloroform eluent resulted in a recovery value of 53.33 %. \u0000Keywords: atenolol, doping, FTIR, HPLC, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP).","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"743 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76895075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p12
I. W. Sudiarta, A. D. A. Prameswari, I. M. S. Negara
Kulit buah kapuk (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) merupakan limbah pertanian yang kurang dimanfaatkan. Kulit buah kapuk mengandung senyawa organik seperti selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin yang cukup tinggi. Komponen tersebut mengandung gugus hidroksil (-OH), karbonil (-C=O), dan karboksil (-COOH) yang dapat digunakan dalam proses biosorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biosorben kulit kapuk teraktivasi HNO3, kondisi optimum biosorpsi ion logam Cr (III), dan kapasitas biosorpsi biosorben kulit kapuk. Parameter yang dipelajari dalam penentuan karakteristik biosorben meliputi keasaman permukaan, jumlah situs akif, luas permukaan, dan gugus fungsi yang berperan dalam biosorpsi. Optimasi kondisi biosorpsi ion logam Cr (III) dilakukan dengan menentukan pH, waktu kontak, dan konsentrasi awal larutan Cr (III). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biosorben teraktivasi HNO3 0,02 M (BAN3) memiliki karakteristik keasaman permukaan, jumlah situs aktif, dan luas permukaan berturut-turut sebesar 17,79490,5999 mmol/g, 1,07160,0361×1022 molekul/gram, dan 36,941470,00158 m2/g. Kondisi optimum biosorpsi ion logam Cr (III) pada pH 5, waktu kontak 90 menit, konsentrasi awal larutan Cr (III) 1800 mg/L. Proses biosorpsi mengikuti pola isoterm Langmuir dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,975 dan kapasitas biosorpsi sebesar 59,28 mg/g. Karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa biosorben mengandung gugus fungsi seperti –OH, C=O, C-O-H, dan C-O-C yang berperan dalam proses biosorpsi. Kata kunci: Biosorpsi,biosorben, Cr (III), kulit buah kapuk. Kapok husk (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) is an under-utilized agricultural waste. Kapok husk contains quite high percentage of organic compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Those compounds contain hydroxyl groups (-OH), carbonyl group (-C=O), and carboxyl group (-COOH) that can be used in the biosorptions process. This study aimed to determine the characteristic of the biosorbent activated by HNO3, the optimum conditions of the Cr (III) biosorption, and the biosorption capacity of the biosorbent. The parameters studied for determining characteristics of the biosorbent were surface acidity, number of active sites, surface specific area, and functional groups that play a role in the biosorption. Optimation condition of the Cr (III) biosorption was carried out by determining the pH, contact time, and initial concentration of Cr (III). The result showed that the activated kapok husk powder with HNO3 0,02 M (BAN3) has characteristics of surface acidity, the number of active site and surface specific area of 17,79490,5999 mmol/g, 1,07160,0361×1022 molecule/gram and 36,941470,00158 m2/g respectively. The optimum conditions of the Cr (III) biosorption were obtained at pH 5, contact time 90 minutes, and initial concentration of Cr (III) at 1800 mg/L. Isotherm biosorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with R2 value of 0,975 and biosorption capacity of 59,28 mg/g. Char
果壳(Ceiba pentandra, L)Gaertn)这是一种农业废料，没有得到充分利用。kapuk含有相当高的有机化合物，如纤维素、血红素和褐煤。这些部件包括氢-哦，碳-C (O)，碳水化合物(-COOH)，可用于生物测定过程。本研究旨在确定HNO3活化皮肤生物鞍本的特征、金属离子离子优生学条件和kapuk皮肤培养能力。生物索本特征确定研究中的参数包括表面酸化、数量、表面积和在生物吊索中起作用的功能簇。优化条件biosorpsi金属Cr (III)离子通过确定溶液pH、接触时间和注意力开始Cr (III)被激活。研究结果表明,biosorben HNO3 0.005 M (BAN3)表面酸度的特点,网站数量连续活跃,表面积大17,79490,5999 mmol / g, 1,07160,0361×1022分子克,36,941470,00158 m2 / g。pH 5的最佳金属离子生物电环境，90分钟的接触时间，初始溶液浓度为1800毫克/L。生物sorpsi过程遵循的是朗木中分数为R2 0.975的异位，生物处理能力为59.28 mg/g。FTIR的特点是，biosorben含有一些功能簇，如——哦，C=O, C-O- h，和C-O-C——它们在生物排析过程中起着作用。关键词:生物sorpsi,biosorben, Cr (III)， kapuk皮肤。Kapok husk (Ceiba pentandra (L)这是一种农业上的浪费。并非并非如此那些化合物氢xyl groups(哦)、碳化集团(c =O)和碳化集团(-COOH)都可以在生产过程中使用。这项研究将确定由HNO3组织所产生的生物控制特性、Cr (III)的生物识别条件和biosorbent的生态环境。这些生物具有决定性的特征特征是磨损、活跃的细胞数量、特定的表面区域以及在生物识别领域扮演角色的有趣群体。Cr (III) biosorption Optimation雾》是carried out by determining the pH、接触时间和最初Cr (III)的双臀。《激活不再husk论点那里那个粉末和HNO3 0.005 M (BAN3)有characteristics of地面acidity当家》,有源site和地面非常具体的区域17,79490,5999 mmol / g, 1,07160,0361×1022分子克和36,941470,00158 m2 / g respectively。Cr的优化期是pH 5，接触时间90分钟，最初集中在1800 mg/L。异构体以0.975值和59.28 mg/g为模型跟随Langmuir Isotherm的生物降解。用FTIR那里那个biosorbent Characterization有趣- C = O, C-O-H, C-O-C functional集团《biosorption哪种玩一个角色的过程。密码:biosorbent, biosorbent, Cr (III)， kapok husk。
{"title":"BIOSORPSI Cr(III) OLEH BIOSORBEN KULIT KAPUK (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) TERAKTIVASI ASAM NITRAT","authors":"I. W. Sudiarta, A. D. A. Prameswari, I. M. S. Negara","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2022.v16.i01.p12","url":null,"abstract":" Kulit buah kapuk (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) merupakan limbah pertanian yang kurang dimanfaatkan. Kulit buah kapuk mengandung senyawa organik seperti selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin yang cukup tinggi. Komponen tersebut mengandung gugus hidroksil (-OH), karbonil (-C=O), dan karboksil (-COOH) yang dapat digunakan dalam proses biosorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik biosorben kulit kapuk teraktivasi HNO3, kondisi optimum biosorpsi ion logam Cr (III), dan kapasitas biosorpsi biosorben kulit kapuk. Parameter yang dipelajari dalam penentuan karakteristik biosorben meliputi keasaman permukaan, jumlah situs akif, luas permukaan, dan gugus fungsi yang berperan dalam biosorpsi. Optimasi kondisi biosorpsi ion logam Cr (III) dilakukan dengan menentukan pH, waktu kontak, dan konsentrasi awal larutan Cr (III). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biosorben teraktivasi HNO3 0,02 M (BAN3) memiliki karakteristik keasaman permukaan, jumlah situs aktif, dan luas permukaan berturut-turut sebesar 17,79490,5999 mmol/g, 1,07160,0361×1022 molekul/gram, dan 36,941470,00158 m2/g. Kondisi optimum biosorpsi ion logam Cr (III) pada pH 5, waktu kontak 90 menit, konsentrasi awal larutan Cr (III) 1800 mg/L. Proses biosorpsi mengikuti pola isoterm Langmuir dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,975 dan kapasitas biosorpsi sebesar 59,28 mg/g. Karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa biosorben mengandung gugus fungsi seperti –OH, C=O, C-O-H, dan C-O-C yang berperan dalam proses biosorpsi. \u0000Kata kunci: Biosorpsi,biosorben, Cr (III), kulit buah kapuk. \u0000 Kapok husk (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) is an under-utilized agricultural waste. Kapok husk contains quite high percentage of organic compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Those compounds contain hydroxyl groups (-OH), carbonyl group (-C=O), and carboxyl group (-COOH) that can be used in the biosorptions process. This study aimed to determine the characteristic of the biosorbent activated by HNO3, the optimum conditions of the Cr (III) biosorption, and the biosorption capacity of the biosorbent. The parameters studied for determining characteristics of the biosorbent were surface acidity, number of active sites, surface specific area, and functional groups that play a role in the biosorption. Optimation condition of the Cr (III) biosorption was carried out by determining the pH, contact time, and initial concentration of Cr (III). The result showed that the activated kapok husk powder with HNO3 0,02 M (BAN3) has characteristics of surface acidity, the number of active site and surface specific area of 17,79490,5999 mmol/g, 1,07160,0361×1022 molecule/gram and 36,941470,00158 m2/g respectively. The optimum conditions of the Cr (III) biosorption were obtained at pH 5, contact time 90 minutes, and initial concentration of Cr (III) at 1800 mg/L. Isotherm biosorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with R2 value of 0,975 and biosorption capacity of 59,28 mg/g. Char","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74539599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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