Su-Hyun Choi, Young-Hoe Woo, Dong-Cheol Jang, Young-Ae Jeong, Dae-Hyun Kim, Ho-Seok Seo, Eun-Young Choi
This study aimed to calculate ventilated carbon dioxide (CO2) and CO2 absorption by plants in a carbon dioxide (CO2) supplemental greenhouse for tomato cultivation during the winter season using a model equation in order to predict the current CO2 concentration and next CO2 supply. A targeted CO2 concentration (600 μmol·mol-1) was supplied from 10 a.m. to 13 p.m. from January 18, 2022 to March 12, 2022 using a CO2 type of fertilizer operated with LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The ventilation rate ranged from 9.66 to 26.49 m3·m-2·h-1 at greenhouse temperature of 16 to 34°C and relative humidity (RH) of 65 to 93%. The external temperature was in the range of 3 to 20°C and external RH was 42 to 95%. The calculated net assimilation rate was in the range of 5.6 to 11.1 g·m-2·h-1, and the amount of ventilated CO2 ranged from 1.35 to 3.88 g·m-2·h-1. When the CO2 concentration (Ci) was lower than the target CO2 concentration (Cg) at the starting time of CO2 fertilization, the calculated first CO2 supply was in the range of 17.79 to 28.18 g·m-2·h-1. When the CO2 concentration at a certain time (Ct) was lower than the targeted CO2 concentration (Cg) after t hours of supply, the next CO2 supply was between 3.0 and 32.6 g·m-2·h-1. The photosynthesis rate measured at the 83 DAT showed the maximum increase with the 600 µmol·mol-1 of CO2 supplement under the 400 µmol·m-2·s-1 of PPFD, whereas the 800 µmol·mol-1 of CO2 supplement results into its maximum increase under all the PPFD levels higher than 600 µmol·m-2·s-1. Integrating all of the results suggests that during the winter season given the low light intensity, a CO2 supply exceeding 800μmol·mol-1 does not proportionally increase the net assimilation rate; thus, the CO2 supply efficiency appears to be affected more by the ventilated CO2 loss than by the net assimilation rate. These model equations can be used to control the CO2 fertilization in order to improve the yields of fruit vegetables in greenhouses.
{"title":"Model-based Calculations of Ventilation Rate, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Absorption Rate by Plants, and Amounts of Ventilated and Supplied CO2 for Tomato Hydroponic Greenhouse during a Winter Season","authors":"Su-Hyun Choi, Young-Hoe Woo, Dong-Cheol Jang, Young-Ae Jeong, Dae-Hyun Kim, Ho-Seok Seo, Eun-Young Choi","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230035","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to calculate ventilated carbon dioxide (CO2) and CO2 absorption by plants in a carbon dioxide (CO2) supplemental greenhouse for tomato cultivation during the winter season using a model equation in order to predict the current CO2 concentration and next CO2 supply. A targeted CO2 concentration (600 μmol·mol-1) was supplied from 10 a.m. to 13 p.m. from January 18, 2022 to March 12, 2022 using a CO2 type of fertilizer operated with LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The ventilation rate ranged from 9.66 to 26.49 m3·m-2·h-1 at greenhouse temperature of 16 to 34°C and relative humidity (RH) of 65 to 93%. The external temperature was in the range of 3 to 20°C and external RH was 42 to 95%. The calculated net assimilation rate was in the range of 5.6 to 11.1 g·m-2·h-1, and the amount of ventilated CO2 ranged from 1.35 to 3.88 g·m-2·h-1. When the CO2 concentration (Ci) was lower than the target CO2 concentration (Cg) at the starting time of CO2 fertilization, the calculated first CO2 supply was in the range of 17.79 to 28.18 g·m-2·h-1. When the CO2 concentration at a certain time (Ct) was lower than the targeted CO2 concentration (Cg) after t hours of supply, the next CO2 supply was between 3.0 and 32.6 g·m-2·h-1. The photosynthesis rate measured at the 83 DAT showed the maximum increase with the 600 µmol·mol-1 of CO2 supplement under the 400 µmol·m-2·s-1 of PPFD, whereas the 800 µmol·mol-1 of CO2 supplement results into its maximum increase under all the PPFD levels higher than 600 µmol·m-2·s-1. Integrating all of the results suggests that during the winter season given the low light intensity, a CO2 supply exceeding 800μmol·mol-1 does not proportionally increase the net assimilation rate; thus, the CO2 supply efficiency appears to be affected more by the ventilated CO2 loss than by the net assimilation rate. These model equations can be used to control the CO2 fertilization in order to improve the yields of fruit vegetables in greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peiyun Wang, Chengyi Su, Jiaojiao Wu, Yuxin Xie, Jiangtao Fan, Jingyan Wang, Wenkai Hui, Hua Yang, Wei Gong
Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae) is an important spice and a traditional medicinal plant in southwest China. Owing to its shallow root system, it is highly susceptible to waterlogging stress. To evaluate how an exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application reduces photosynthetic damage in Z. armatum under waterlogging stress conditions, the content of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied under different SA concentrations (0, 1 and 2 mM) and different numbers of waterlogging days (1, 2 and 3 d) to identify the mechanisms underlying the seedlings’ waterlogging response. The results showed that waterlogging significantly affects the photosynthetic characteristics in leaves. An exogenous SA application increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments as well as the transpiration rate (Tr), net leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), actual quantum efficiency (ΦPSII), photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII photochemical efficiency in light (Fv'/Fm'), and electron transport rate (ETR), whereas the treatment decreased the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) and minimum fluorescence (Fo). Therefore, the SA application helps improve the photosynthetic efficiency and reduce photodamage to Z. armatum in the event of waterlogging stress.
{"title":"Response of Photosynthetic Characteristics to Different Salicylic Acid Concentrations in Relation to Waterlogging Resistance in Zanthoxylum armatum","authors":"Peiyun Wang, Chengyi Su, Jiaojiao Wu, Yuxin Xie, Jiangtao Fan, Jingyan Wang, Wenkai Hui, Hua Yang, Wei Gong","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230032","url":null,"abstract":"Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae) is an important spice and a traditional medicinal plant in southwest China. Owing to its shallow root system, it is highly susceptible to waterlogging stress. To evaluate how an exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application reduces photosynthetic damage in Z. armatum under waterlogging stress conditions, the content of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied under different SA concentrations (0, 1 and 2 mM) and different numbers of waterlogging days (1, 2 and 3 d) to identify the mechanisms underlying the seedlings’ waterlogging response. The results showed that waterlogging significantly affects the photosynthetic characteristics in leaves. An exogenous SA application increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments as well as the transpiration rate (Tr), net leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), actual quantum efficiency (ΦPSII), photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII photochemical efficiency in light (Fv'/Fm'), and electron transport rate (ETR), whereas the treatment decreased the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) and minimum fluorescence (Fo). Therefore, the SA application helps improve the photosynthetic efficiency and reduce photodamage to Z. armatum in the event of waterlogging stress.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sun Woo Chung, Yeon Jin Jang, Chan Kyu Lim, Seolah Kim, Seong Choel Kim
Excessive vegetative growth of mangoes inhibits reproductive growth during greenhouse cultivation, resulting in a loss of fruit production. To investigate the effect of a 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment, two concentrations (30 and 70 mg·L-1) were applied to the shoot apices of ‘Irwin’ mango cultivars. With changes in greenhouse temperatures, the characteristics of the reproductive organs were determined at BBCH (Biologische, Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, and Chemische Industrie) scales of 615 and 809. During flower bud initiation, the maximum temperature reached 35°C, and the minimum temperature dropped to 5°C; the daily difference ranged from 1.3 to 23.9°C. The NAA treatment induced increased panicle emergence rates and reduced panicle malformation. In the flowering pattern, the flowering time was reduced, especially with 70 mg·L-1 NAA. The relative panicle quality index indicated that trees treated with 30 mg·L-1 NAA had the highest value, followed by the control and those treated with 70 mg·L-1 NAA. Additionally, the NAA treatment significantly increased fruit diameters and weights compared to the control. However, firmness decreased after the NAA treatment. Overall, this study highlights the potential of a NAA treatment as a tool for improving the yield and quality of mango crops, particularly under challenging environmental conditions.
{"title":"Effects of 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid on the Panicle and Fruit Characteristics of ‘Irwin’ Mango Trees","authors":"Sun Woo Chung, Yeon Jin Jang, Chan Kyu Lim, Seolah Kim, Seong Choel Kim","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230033","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive vegetative growth of mangoes inhibits reproductive growth during greenhouse cultivation, resulting in a loss of fruit production. To investigate the effect of a 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment, two concentrations (30 and 70 mg·L-1) were applied to the shoot apices of ‘Irwin’ mango cultivars. With changes in greenhouse temperatures, the characteristics of the reproductive organs were determined at BBCH (Biologische, Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, and Chemische Industrie) scales of 615 and 809. During flower bud initiation, the maximum temperature reached 35°C, and the minimum temperature dropped to 5°C; the daily difference ranged from 1.3 to 23.9°C. The NAA treatment induced increased panicle emergence rates and reduced panicle malformation. In the flowering pattern, the flowering time was reduced, especially with 70 mg·L-1 NAA. The relative panicle quality index indicated that trees treated with 30 mg·L-1 NAA had the highest value, followed by the control and those treated with 70 mg·L-1 NAA. Additionally, the NAA treatment significantly increased fruit diameters and weights compared to the control. However, firmness decreased after the NAA treatment. Overall, this study highlights the potential of a NAA treatment as a tool for improving the yield and quality of mango crops, particularly under challenging environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maca, Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae), has been the subject of much research due to its unique biological activity. Maca is widely distributed in Yunnan Province, China, but is not well recognized in the market. In this study, through a chemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and principal component analysis (PCA), the nutritional and bioactive components of different varieties, processing methods, harvesting times, and storage periods of maca were determined and analyzed. The results indicated that whole maca when dried at 35°C, harvested around the winter solstice and planted at an altitude of about 3,000 meters was favorable for the production of nutrients and bioactive components. Compared to black maca, yellow maca had higher levels of glucosinolates, flavonoids, alkaloids and macamides. In addition, a shorter storage period (less than one year) of maca leads to a higher content of bioactive components. The findings here provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and origin processing of maca.
{"title":"Effect of Different Varieties, Processing Methods, Harvesting Times, and Storage Periods on the Quality of Maca","authors":"Tingting Xu, Xiaoya Chen, Xiuming Cui, Chengxiao Wang, Lisha Qiu","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230041","url":null,"abstract":"Maca, Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae), has been the subject of much research due to its unique biological activity. Maca is widely distributed in Yunnan Province, China, but is not well recognized in the market. In this study, through a chemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and principal component analysis (PCA), the nutritional and bioactive components of different varieties, processing methods, harvesting times, and storage periods of maca were determined and analyzed. The results indicated that whole maca when dried at 35°C, harvested around the winter solstice and planted at an altitude of about 3,000 meters was favorable for the production of nutrients and bioactive components. Compared to black maca, yellow maca had higher levels of glucosinolates, flavonoids, alkaloids and macamides. In addition, a shorter storage period (less than one year) of maca leads to a higher content of bioactive components. The findings here provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and origin processing of maca.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of a preemptive response to ensure a stable supply and demand policy for garlic (Allium sativum L.), the Korean government strives to determine the final yield of garlic by observing its growth status by season. In particular, estimation of the bulb weight of garlic is one of the main steps in estimating garlic production, conducting observational work on spherical weight prediction is getting more important is getting more important. The observation data on garlic can be viewed as data for predicting the final weight, but since root growth occurs intensively at a specific time, there is a limit to predicting the final bulb weight only by the bulb weight corresponding to each observation time point. In addition, since the factors affecting the final bulb weight of garlic may be different for each growing stage, an estimation is required for each stage to predict the final bulb weight at each time point. In this study, garlic bulb weight estimation analysis, which reflects the characteristics of Korean garlic grown in an outfield, is performed using growth survey data. A stage-by-stage model for predicting the bulb weight of garlic at each time point is established, based on the fact that the factors influencing the bulb weight of garlic may differ according to the growth stage. In the process, LASSO regression is used for variable selection and coefficient estimation of the bulb weight of garlic. As a result of the estimation, significant factors regarding growth, lot and environment were identified stage by stage, providing indicators for forecasting final bulb weight of garlic at each stage.
{"title":"Analysis of Predictions of Garlic Bulb Weight using LASSO Regression Model","authors":"Junki Kim, Hyungyong Lee, Tongjoo Suh","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230040","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a preemptive response to ensure a stable supply and demand policy for garlic (Allium sativum L.), the Korean government strives to determine the final yield of garlic by observing its growth status by season. In particular, estimation of the bulb weight of garlic is one of the main steps in estimating garlic production, conducting observational work on spherical weight prediction is getting more important is getting more important. The observation data on garlic can be viewed as data for predicting the final weight, but since root growth occurs intensively at a specific time, there is a limit to predicting the final bulb weight only by the bulb weight corresponding to each observation time point. In addition, since the factors affecting the final bulb weight of garlic may be different for each growing stage, an estimation is required for each stage to predict the final bulb weight at each time point. In this study, garlic bulb weight estimation analysis, which reflects the characteristics of Korean garlic grown in an outfield, is performed using growth survey data. A stage-by-stage model for predicting the bulb weight of garlic at each time point is established, based on the fact that the factors influencing the bulb weight of garlic may differ according to the growth stage. In the process, LASSO regression is used for variable selection and coefficient estimation of the bulb weight of garlic. As a result of the estimation, significant factors regarding growth, lot and environment were identified stage by stage, providing indicators for forecasting final bulb weight of garlic at each stage.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nayoung Kim, Won-Hee Kang, Ji-Su Kwon, Hyo-Jin Kim, Boseul Park, Seon-In Yeom
Ralstonia solanacearum (R. sol), a pathogen that causes wilt symptoms, is widely distributed in many regions. Breeding plants resistant against this pathogen is well known as the most effective control method. To this end, it is necessary to reveal the function of resistance genes, and virus- induced gene-silencing (VIGS) technology is one of the most widely used methods for analyzing gene functions. However, the problem with functional analysis of bacterial wilt resistance genes based on VIGS is the conflicting temperature environments of inoculated strains. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify optimal plant size and temperature conditions for experiments using two srains considering a less complicated functional analysis of R. sol resistant candidate genes. We applied five different temperatures and then assessed the disease progress of R. sol inoculated tomatoes. The plants with the highest VIGS efficiency were those treated at 22°C for four weeks (4L), three weeks at a low temperature and one week at 30°C (3L1H), and two weeks at 22°C and two weeks at 30°C (2L2H). Also, we confirmed the most suitable temperature for identifying candidate genes against R. sol was found to be 22°C for plants grown for three weeks, followed by 30°C for one week. The results of this study can provide useful data to those seeking to establish a foundation for functional analysis research focusing on genes related to tomato bacterial wilt resistance.
茄枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum, R. sol)是一种引起青枯病的病原菌，广泛分布在许多地区。培育对该病菌具有抗性的植物是众所周知的最有效的防治方法。为此，有必要揭示抗性基因的功能，而病毒诱导基因沉默(VIGS)技术是目前应用最广泛的基因功能分析方法之一。然而，基于VIGS的抗青枯病基因功能分析存在接种菌株温度环境冲突的问题。因此，本研究的目的是考虑到对土壤抗性候选基因不太复杂的功能分析，确定两个菌株实验的最佳植株大小和温度条件。采用5种不同温度对接种番茄进行了病害防治。VIGS效率最高的植物是在22°C条件下处理4周(4L)，在30°C条件下处理3周(3L1H)，在22°C和30°C条件下处理2周(2L2H)。结果表明，22°C是培养3周的最佳温度，30°C是培养1周的最佳温度。本研究结果可为番茄抗青枯病相关基因的功能分析研究奠定基础。
{"title":"Optimization of the TRV-based Gene Silencing Efficiency and Growth Condition on Solanum lycopersicum var. ‘Hawaii7996’ Resistant to Bacterial Wilt Disease","authors":"Nayoung Kim, Won-Hee Kang, Ji-Su Kwon, Hyo-Jin Kim, Boseul Park, Seon-In Yeom","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230039","url":null,"abstract":"Ralstonia solanacearum (R. sol), a pathogen that causes wilt symptoms, is widely distributed in many regions. Breeding plants resistant against this pathogen is well known as the most effective control method. To this end, it is necessary to reveal the function of resistance genes, and virus- induced gene-silencing (VIGS) technology is one of the most widely used methods for analyzing gene functions. However, the problem with functional analysis of bacterial wilt resistance genes based on VIGS is the conflicting temperature environments of inoculated strains. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify optimal plant size and temperature conditions for experiments using two srains considering a less complicated functional analysis of R. sol resistant candidate genes. We applied five different temperatures and then assessed the disease progress of R. sol inoculated tomatoes. The plants with the highest VIGS efficiency were those treated at 22°C for four weeks (4L), three weeks at a low temperature and one week at 30°C (3L1H), and two weeks at 22°C and two weeks at 30°C (2L2H). Also, we confirmed the most suitable temperature for identifying candidate genes against R. sol was found to be 22°C for plants grown for three weeks, followed by 30°C for one week. The results of this study can provide useful data to those seeking to establish a foundation for functional analysis research focusing on genes related to tomato bacterial wilt resistance.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Hye Kang, Yu Mi Han, Yun Ji Lee, Yun-Jeong Ji, Hyun-A Seong, Hyung Don Kim
Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ; Jeju-Joritdae) is an endemic species in Korea distributed on Jeju Island. This plant, which is typically used as a type of herbal tea, has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-melanogenic effects. We investigated variations in the chemical compositions of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of SQ leaves based on the harvest time and assessed its radical scavenging abilities using 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, while also assessing its ability to inhibit cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The levels of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaf water extract (SQW) differed by season. SQW collected in the spring, in which the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest, also contained the highest levels of vanillic acid and isoorientin (6-C-glycosylflavone) among the different extracts collected. This extract exhibited the second highest radical scavenging activity and the highest cellular ROS inhibitory ability in PC12 neuronal cells. Thus, spring is the most appropriate season for the collection of SQ leaves from the wild and for the harvesting of SQ leaves in the field for industrial use. SQ leaves harvested in the spring, with high levels of neuroprotective bioactive compounds, including vanillic acid and isoorientin, may be a promising material for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ;济州鸟属(Jeju- joritdae)是韩国特有种，分布于济州岛。这种植物通常被用作一种草药茶，具有抗炎、抗癌、抗氧化和抗黑素生成的作用。利用2,2′-氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS+)和2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶酰肼(DPPH)测定法测定了其清除自由基的能力，同时测定了其抑制细胞活性氧(ROS)的能力。夏草叶水提物(SQW)的生物活性化合物含量和抗氧化活性随季节而变化。春季采收的黄芪总酚和类黄酮含量最高，其中香草酸和异荭草苷(6- c -糖基黄酮)含量也最高。该提取物在PC12神经元细胞中具有第二高的自由基清除活性和最高的细胞ROS抑制能力。因此，春季是采集野生南方英叶和在田间收获工业用南方英叶的最适宜季节。春天收获的SQ叶含有高水平的神经保护生物活性化合物，包括香草酸和异荭草苷，可能是预防神经退行性疾病的有希望的材料。
{"title":"Seasonal Variations in Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in the Leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis","authors":"Min Hye Kang, Yu Mi Han, Yun Ji Lee, Yun-Jeong Ji, Hyun-A Seong, Hyung Don Kim","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230037","url":null,"abstract":"Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ; Jeju-Joritdae) is an endemic species in Korea distributed on Jeju Island. This plant, which is typically used as a type of herbal tea, has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-melanogenic effects. We investigated variations in the chemical compositions of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of SQ leaves based on the harvest time and assessed its radical scavenging abilities using 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, while also assessing its ability to inhibit cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The levels of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaf water extract (SQW) differed by season. SQW collected in the spring, in which the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest, also contained the highest levels of vanillic acid and isoorientin (6-C-glycosylflavone) among the different extracts collected. This extract exhibited the second highest radical scavenging activity and the highest cellular ROS inhibitory ability in PC12 neuronal cells. Thus, spring is the most appropriate season for the collection of SQ leaves from the wild and for the harvesting of SQ leaves in the field for industrial use. SQ leaves harvested in the spring, with high levels of neuroprotective bioactive compounds, including vanillic acid and isoorientin, may be a promising material for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dae-Hwa Yang, Ok-Cheol Jeong, Yu-Ryang Kim, Mi-Jeong Kang, Yang-Ji Kim, Ji-Hi Son, Seong-Seop Han, Mi-Young Park, Il-Doo Jin, In-Ja Song, Min-Ji Hong, Hyeon-Jin Sun, Hong-Gyu Kang, Hyo-Yeon Lee
In this study, zoysiagrasses found in a major province of the Korean peninsula were collected and identified by molecular techniques. The zoysiagrasses used in this study were collected from mountainous national parks; ‘oreum’ areas; and from inland, coastal and island areas, including marine and coastal national parks on the west, east, and south coasts. Molecular identification was done by means of a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker analysis based on the nrDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) method established by our research team. Additionally, in this study the ITS-based TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay was developed and used to perform molecular identification more rapidly and accurately. In total, 450 collected zoysiagrass plants were classified into three lines (234 Zoysia japonica plants, 62 Zoysia sinica plants, and 154 Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants) by molecular identification based on the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis and ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. The results of the ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assay were consistent with those of the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis. Both the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis and the ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assay were found to be efficient molecular methods to identify the three species of zoysiagrasses. Specifically, the ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assay method developed in this study produced results more rapidly compared to the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis method. The habitat distributions of each of the molecularly identified zoysiagrass plants investigated in this study were also assessed. The Z. japonica plants were mainly distributed in mountainous national parks and oreum areas as well as inland and coastal areas. The Z. sinica plants were distributed along the coast and on rocks and stones frequently submerged in seawater. The Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants were distributed more in the inland, coastal, and island areas than in the mountainous national parks and oreum areas. Findings related to the leaf blade width as a main external morphological classification characteristic of the molecularly identified 450 zoysiagrass plants are described below. The leaf blade width ranged from 4 to 5 mm for the Z. japonica plants, from 2 to 4 mm for the Z. sinica plants, and from 3 to 4 mm for the Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants. Additionally, some Z. japonica and Z. sinica plants and Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants with leaf blade widths of 2 to 3, 4 to 5, and from 2 to 3 and 4 to 5 mm, respectively, were also present. Because the ranges of the leaf blade width of each species overlapped, it was difficult to identify the hybrid lines using this metric. The feasibility of the developed molecular identification method for these three species of zoysiagrasses was confirmed in this study.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis between the ITS TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay and CAPS for the Rapid Molecular Identification of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia sinica, Related Hybrid Lines, and the Habitat Distribution of Each Species","authors":"Dae-Hwa Yang, Ok-Cheol Jeong, Yu-Ryang Kim, Mi-Jeong Kang, Yang-Ji Kim, Ji-Hi Son, Seong-Seop Han, Mi-Young Park, Il-Doo Jin, In-Ja Song, Min-Ji Hong, Hyeon-Jin Sun, Hong-Gyu Kang, Hyo-Yeon Lee","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230042","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, zoysiagrasses found in a major province of the Korean peninsula were collected and identified by molecular techniques. The zoysiagrasses used in this study were collected from mountainous national parks; ‘oreum’ areas; and from inland, coastal and island areas, including marine and coastal national parks on the west, east, and south coasts. Molecular identification was done by means of a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker analysis based on the nrDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) method established by our research team. Additionally, in this study the ITS-based TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay was developed and used to perform molecular identification more rapidly and accurately. In total, 450 collected zoysiagrass plants were classified into three lines (234 Zoysia japonica plants, 62 Zoysia sinica plants, and 154 Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants) by molecular identification based on the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis and ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. The results of the ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assay were consistent with those of the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis. Both the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis and the ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assay were found to be efficient molecular methods to identify the three species of zoysiagrasses. Specifically, the ITS-based TaqMan SNP genotyping assay method developed in this study produced results more rapidly compared to the ITS-based CAPS marker analysis method. The habitat distributions of each of the molecularly identified zoysiagrass plants investigated in this study were also assessed. The Z. japonica plants were mainly distributed in mountainous national parks and oreum areas as well as inland and coastal areas. The Z. sinica plants were distributed along the coast and on rocks and stones frequently submerged in seawater. The Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants were distributed more in the inland, coastal, and island areas than in the mountainous national parks and oreum areas. Findings related to the leaf blade width as a main external morphological classification characteristic of the molecularly identified 450 zoysiagrass plants are described below. The leaf blade width ranged from 4 to 5 mm for the Z. japonica plants, from 2 to 4 mm for the Z. sinica plants, and from 3 to 4 mm for the Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants. Additionally, some Z. japonica and Z. sinica plants and Z. japonica and Z. sinica hybrid plants with leaf blade widths of 2 to 3, 4 to 5, and from 2 to 3 and 4 to 5 mm, respectively, were also present. Because the ranges of the leaf blade width of each species overlapped, it was difficult to identify the hybrid lines using this metric. The feasibility of the developed molecular identification method for these three species of zoysiagrasses was confirmed in this study.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung Eun Bae, Hae Keun Yun, Kyung il Park, Sang Gon Suh
This study was conducted for investigate the effect of Starfish and Lacquer Tree by-product Fertilizer on Growth of Tomato Plants. When starfish and lacquer fertilizers were applied to tomatoes, the results of the root survival rate after transplanting tomatoes showed 93% root survival rate both in the control group and 10% starfish treatment, whereas 100% survival rate from 10% lacquer treatment, and 5% starfish with 5% lacquer mix. After transplanting, plant height was 173.0cm in10% lacquer treatment, and 191.13cm in 5% starfish with 5% lacquer mix were significantly higher than those of 144.5cm in 10% starfish single treatment. Chlorophyll content was significantly higher at 1.90 mg/g in the 5% mixed treatment group of starfish and lacquer compared to those of 1.47 mg/g in control. Among dry matter, 10% of starfish and 10% of lacquer treatments showed 13.69 g, which was 1.73 times higher compared to 7.92 g in control. Calcium content was significantly higher at 14.68 mg/L in the 5% mixture of starfish and lacquer compared to 11.41 mg/L in control. The higher the calcium content and hardness during storage, the lower the blossom-end rot incidence. The hardness of the fruit was the best in the mixed treatment of 5% starfish and 5% lacquer, and the shelf life was maintained over 60% even on December 8th. The highest tomato weight and marketable yield showed in the mixed fertilizer of 5% starfish and 5% lacquer. Therefore, the mixed 5% starfish with 5% lacquer tree by-product fertilizer can be used to promote the production and to improve the quality of tomato fruits preferred in markets
{"title":"Effects of Starfish and Lacquer Tree By-product Fertilizer on Growth of Tomato Plants","authors":"Jung Eun Bae, Hae Keun Yun, Kyung il Park, Sang Gon Suh","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230034","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted for investigate the effect of Starfish and Lacquer Tree by-product Fertilizer on Growth of Tomato Plants. When starfish and lacquer fertilizers were applied to tomatoes, the results of the root survival rate after transplanting tomatoes showed 93% root survival rate both in the control group and 10% starfish treatment, whereas 100% survival rate from 10% lacquer treatment, and 5% starfish with 5% lacquer mix. After transplanting, plant height was 173.0cm in10% lacquer treatment, and 191.13cm in 5% starfish with 5% lacquer mix were significantly higher than those of 144.5cm in 10% starfish single treatment. Chlorophyll content was significantly higher at 1.90 mg/g in the 5% mixed treatment group of starfish and lacquer compared to those of 1.47 mg/g in control. Among dry matter, 10% of starfish and 10% of lacquer treatments showed 13.69 g, which was 1.73 times higher compared to 7.92 g in control. Calcium content was significantly higher at 14.68 mg/L in the 5% mixture of starfish and lacquer compared to 11.41 mg/L in control. The higher the calcium content and hardness during storage, the lower the blossom-end rot incidence. The hardness of the fruit was the best in the mixed treatment of 5% starfish and 5% lacquer, and the shelf life was maintained over 60% even on December 8th. The highest tomato weight and marketable yield showed in the mixed fertilizer of 5% starfish and 5% lacquer. Therefore, the mixed 5% starfish with 5% lacquer tree by-product fertilizer can be used to promote the production and to improve the quality of tomato fruits preferred in markets","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se Hun Ju, Beom Seon Lee, Eun Ji Kim, Yoon Go, Jin Sub Park, Haeyoung Na
In this study, experiments were conducted to develop an efficient method of the early cultivation of tomatoes by implementing temperature control in the root zone. The greenhouse air temperature was maintained at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C during the daytime (12 hours) and at 18°C during the nighttime (12 hours). The experiment was conducted by setting the root zone temperature to 15, 20, 25, and 30°C for each air temperature. The growth of seedlings was found to be optimal when the root zone temperature was adjusted to 25 and 30°C for an air temperature of 30°C and the root zone temperature was adjusted to 20 and 25°C for an air temperature of 35°C. Regarding the root length, overall growth was favorable when the root zone temperature was adjusted to 20°C across all air temperature conditions. The leaf area and number of leaves showed the best growth when treated with a combination of an air temperature of 35°C and a root zone temperature of 25°C. The T/R ratio reached its high point at a root zone temperature 15°C due to the inhibited root growth. The compactness of tomato seedlings was high in the treatment with a root zone temperature of 20 in all air temperature treatment. The CGR (crop growth rate) and RGR (relative growth rate) were favorable at the root zone temperature of 20°C at all air temperature treatments. Based on the overall experimental results, it can be concluded that setting the root zone temperature to 20 or 25°C is effective for the early growth of tomatoes at air temperatures of 25, 30, and 35°C. The results of this study can help when regulating the early growth of crops in high and low air temperature conditions.
{"title":"Effects of the Air Temperature and Root Zone Temperature in Greenhouses on the Early Growth of Tomatoes","authors":"Se Hun Ju, Beom Seon Lee, Eun Ji Kim, Yoon Go, Jin Sub Park, Haeyoung Na","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230036","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, experiments were conducted to develop an efficient method of the early cultivation of tomatoes by implementing temperature control in the root zone. The greenhouse air temperature was maintained at 20, 25, 30, and 35°C during the daytime (12 hours) and at 18°C during the nighttime (12 hours). The experiment was conducted by setting the root zone temperature to 15, 20, 25, and 30°C for each air temperature. The growth of seedlings was found to be optimal when the root zone temperature was adjusted to 25 and 30°C for an air temperature of 30°C and the root zone temperature was adjusted to 20 and 25°C for an air temperature of 35°C. Regarding the root length, overall growth was favorable when the root zone temperature was adjusted to 20°C across all air temperature conditions. The leaf area and number of leaves showed the best growth when treated with a combination of an air temperature of 35°C and a root zone temperature of 25°C. The T/R ratio reached its high point at a root zone temperature 15°C due to the inhibited root growth. The compactness of tomato seedlings was high in the treatment with a root zone temperature of 20 in all air temperature treatment. The CGR (crop growth rate) and RGR (relative growth rate) were favorable at the root zone temperature of 20°C at all air temperature treatments. Based on the overall experimental results, it can be concluded that setting the root zone temperature to 20 or 25°C is effective for the early growth of tomatoes at air temperatures of 25, 30, and 35°C. The results of this study can help when regulating the early growth of crops in high and low air temperature conditions.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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