Hyun-Woo Shin, Jingi Yoo, Woo-Sung Kim, Jung-Geun Kwon, Myo Win Nay, In-Kyu Kang
This study was investigated the effect of fatty alcohol (FA) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) thinning treatments on the fruit set and fruit quality attributes of ‘Fuji/M.9’ apples. Trees were treated with FA (single, ×500 dilution), FA (double), 6-BA (×1,000 dilution), 6-BA (×500 dilution), FA (single) + 6-BA (×1,000 dilution), FA (double) + 6-BA (×500 dilution), and carbaryl. FA (80.5% a.i.) treatment was applied at 80% blossom of terminal flowers and 60–80% blossom of lateral flowers, and 6-BA (7.4% a.i.) and carbaryl treatments were applied at 8-mm size of central fruit. The total fruit set rate per cluster was observed 61.0% for terminal flowers and 37.3% for lateral flowers in the control but it was decreased to 35.2–50.6% for terminal flowers and 9.7–23.8% for lateral flowers in the thinning treatments, respectively. The rate of central fruit per terminal flower cluster was observed 92.6% in the control but it was 65.2–94.4% in FA and 6-BA treatments. However, the rate of non-fruit set per terminal flower cluster was observed 2.9% in the control but it was increased to 7.5–14.2% in the thinning treatments, and the rate of one fruit set per terminal flower cluster was 14.1% in the control but it was increased to 20.6–33.9% in the thinning treatments. In addition, the rate of non-fruit set per lateral flower cluster was observed 19.6% in the control but it was decreased to 32.2–69.0% in the thinning treatments. The fruit quality attributes were not different in all treatment groups at harvest, except fruit weight. Therefore, our results reveal that FA and 6-BA treatments have the significant effects in reducing the fruit rate in ‘Fuji’ apple.
{"title":"Effect of Fatty Alcohol and 6-Benzyladenine on Fruit Set and Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’ Apples","authors":"Hyun-Woo Shin, Jingi Yoo, Woo-Sung Kim, Jung-Geun Kwon, Myo Win Nay, In-Kyu Kang","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230004","url":null,"abstract":"This study was investigated the effect of fatty alcohol (FA) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) thinning treatments on the fruit set and fruit quality attributes of ‘Fuji/M.9’ apples. Trees were treated with FA (single, ×500 dilution), FA (double), 6-BA (×1,000 dilution), 6-BA (×500 dilution), FA (single) + 6-BA (×1,000 dilution), FA (double) + 6-BA (×500 dilution), and carbaryl. FA (80.5% a.i.) treatment was applied at 80% blossom of terminal flowers and 60–80% blossom of lateral flowers, and 6-BA (7.4% a.i.) and carbaryl treatments were applied at 8-mm size of central fruit. The total fruit set rate per cluster was observed 61.0% for terminal flowers and 37.3% for lateral flowers in the control but it was decreased to 35.2–50.6% for terminal flowers and 9.7–23.8% for lateral flowers in the thinning treatments, respectively. The rate of central fruit per terminal flower cluster was observed 92.6% in the control but it was 65.2–94.4% in FA and 6-BA treatments. However, the rate of non-fruit set per terminal flower cluster was observed 2.9% in the control but it was increased to 7.5–14.2% in the thinning treatments, and the rate of one fruit set per terminal flower cluster was 14.1% in the control but it was increased to 20.6–33.9% in the thinning treatments. In addition, the rate of non-fruit set per lateral flower cluster was observed 19.6% in the control but it was decreased to 32.2–69.0% in the thinning treatments. The fruit quality attributes were not different in all treatment groups at harvest, except fruit weight. Therefore, our results reveal that FA and 6-BA treatments have the significant effects in reducing the fruit rate in ‘Fuji’ apple.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135827877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to evaluate the starch loss pattern and to estimate the maturity indices and harvest time of the five Korean apple cultivars (‘RubyS’, ‘Arisoo’, ‘Hwangok’, ‘Picnic’, and ‘Colorpple’) in association with the changes of fruit quality attributes using a Cornell starch pattern index (SPI) analysis method (1-8 scores) and SPI chart development for domestic use. In 5 apple cultivars, the increase in SPI was directly related with the increase in fruit weight and soluble solids content and the decrease in flesh firmness and titratable acidity. For fruit peel coloration, the decrease in L* (indicator for brightness) and b* (indicator for yellowness) was strongly associated with the increase in SPI. In addition, the increase in a* (indicator for redness) was associated with the increase in SPI in all apple cultivars, except ‘Hwangok’, a yellow apple cultivar. A slight increase in internal ethylene concentration was also observed in all cultivars while the SPI was increased. Interestingly, the changes of SPI were different depending on each apple cultivar. Averagely, ‘RubyS’, ‘Arisoo’, ‘Hwangok’, and ‘Picnic’ apples took 3, 4, 5, and 7 days, and 7, 5, 7, and 7 days to change the SPI from 6 to 7 and from 7 to 8 scores, respectively. However, ‘Colorpple’ apple took about 10 days each to change the SPI from 6 to 7 and from 7 to 8 scores. Therefore, this study suggested that the development of SPI chart could be used as basic data to estimate the fruit maturity and harvest time of domestic apple cultivars.
{"title":"Prediction of Fruit Maturity with Starch Pattern Index in Korean Apple Cultivars","authors":"Jingi Yoo, Jung-Geun Kwon, In-Kyu Kang","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230003","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the starch loss pattern and to estimate the maturity indices and harvest time of the five Korean apple cultivars (‘RubyS’, ‘Arisoo’, ‘Hwangok’, ‘Picnic’, and ‘Colorpple’) in association with the changes of fruit quality attributes using a Cornell starch pattern index (SPI) analysis method (1-8 scores) and SPI chart development for domestic use. In 5 apple cultivars, the increase in SPI was directly related with the increase in fruit weight and soluble solids content and the decrease in flesh firmness and titratable acidity. For fruit peel coloration, the decrease in L* (indicator for brightness) and b* (indicator for yellowness) was strongly associated with the increase in SPI. In addition, the increase in a* (indicator for redness) was associated with the increase in SPI in all apple cultivars, except ‘Hwangok’, a yellow apple cultivar. A slight increase in internal ethylene concentration was also observed in all cultivars while the SPI was increased. Interestingly, the changes of SPI were different depending on each apple cultivar. Averagely, ‘RubyS’, ‘Arisoo’, ‘Hwangok’, and ‘Picnic’ apples took 3, 4, 5, and 7 days, and 7, 5, 7, and 7 days to change the SPI from 6 to 7 and from 7 to 8 scores, respectively. However, ‘Colorpple’ apple took about 10 days each to change the SPI from 6 to 7 and from 7 to 8 scores. Therefore, this study suggested that the development of SPI chart could be used as basic data to estimate the fruit maturity and harvest time of domestic apple cultivars.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"520 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135827743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To protect and identify the varieties of tree peony, DNA fingerprints were constructed and genetic diversity was analyzed with simple sequence repeat markers with tailed primer M13 (TP-M13-SSR) technology in 18 local tree peony varieties in Hunan Province of China. Twenty-four out of 131 pairs of polymorphic primers showing stable amplification and good capillary electrophoresis peaks were selected. The Shannon information indexes (I), polymorphism information contents (PICs), and differentiation rates of eight primer pairs were higher than average. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrograms indicated that the genetic similarity coefficients of the 18 Hunan tree peony varieties ranged from 0.57 to 0.86, and Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Ning Xiang Hong’ (0.57) was classified as a separate group. The 18 varieties could be completely distinguished with two pairs of primers. The variety names, flower types, fingerprinting codes, and other information were included in the quick response (QR) code, which provides a basis for the molecular identification of Hunan tree peony varieties. The construction of DNA fingerprinting of tree peony varieties in Hunan is important for its protection. Additional key words: capillary electrophoresis, molecular markers, quick response (QR) code, simple sequence repeat with tailed primer M13 (TP-M13-SSR), unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA)
{"title":"Fingerprint Construction and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Tree Peony Collected from Hunan Province Based on SSR Markers","authors":"Zhen-Yu Yang, Yang Shi, Jiaqi Shuai, Yanlin Li, Tian-Yong Sun, Mengjie Chen, Changping Lv","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210061","url":null,"abstract":"To protect and identify the varieties of tree peony, DNA fingerprints were constructed and genetic diversity was analyzed with simple sequence repeat markers with tailed primer M13 (TP-M13-SSR) technology in 18 local tree peony varieties in Hunan Province of China. Twenty-four out of 131 pairs of polymorphic primers showing stable amplification and good capillary electrophoresis peaks were selected. The Shannon information indexes (I), polymorphism information contents (PICs), and differentiation rates of eight primer pairs were higher than average. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrograms indicated that the genetic similarity coefficients of the 18 Hunan tree peony varieties ranged from 0.57 to 0.86, and Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Ning Xiang Hong’ (0.57) was classified as a separate group. The 18 varieties could be completely distinguished with two pairs of primers. The variety names, flower types, fingerprinting codes, and other information were included in the quick response (QR) code, which provides a basis for the molecular identification of Hunan tree peony varieties. The construction of DNA fingerprinting of tree peony varieties in Hunan is important for its protection. Additional key words: capillary electrophoresis, molecular markers, quick response (QR) code, simple sequence repeat with tailed primer M13 (TP-M13-SSR), unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA)","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48761866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Hyoung Lee, Heesoo Lee, S. Wi, I. Yu, K. Yeo, S. An, Y. Jang, S. Jang
Melatonin, an indoleamine molecule, regulates a wide range of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis, and response of plants to abiotic stresses. We examined the effect of exogenous melatonin application (5, 10, and 20 mg·L -1 ) on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of Kimchi cabbage under high temperature (air temperature 32/26°C) and drought stress (soil moisture 20–24%) conditions. Application of 10 mg·L -1 melatonin alleviated stress-induced growth inhibition and increased the shoot fresh weight and the leaf surface area of seedlings by 22.7% and 13.9%, respectively, compared to the control under the stress condition. Indeed, foliar application of melatonin at 10 mg·L -1 caused an increase of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate under the stress condition. The lowest level of H2O2 content was also observed at 10 mg·L -1 concentration of melatonin treatment, while no significant alterations in lipid peroxidation or concentrations of malondialdehyde were detected by treatment with different concentrations of melatonin. In addition, significantly elevated activity levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at 10 mg·L -1 melatonin treatment without significant changes in ascorbic acid (AsA) and proline contents under the stress condition. These results suggest that foliar application of 10 mg·L -1 melatonin ameliorates physiological damages caused by the combination of water deficit and heat stress and enhances the activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as APX and SOD, thereby improving tolerance against the water deficit and heat stress in Kimchi cabbage. Additional key words: antioxidant enzyme, Brassica rapa L, foliar application, photosynthesis, superoxide dismutase
{"title":"Enhancement of Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities on Kimchi Cabbage by Melatonin Foliar Application under High Temperature and Drought Stress Conditions","authors":"Jin Hyoung Lee, Heesoo Lee, S. Wi, I. Yu, K. Yeo, S. An, Y. Jang, S. Jang","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210052","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin, an indoleamine molecule, regulates a wide range of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis, and response of plants to abiotic stresses. We examined the effect of exogenous melatonin application (5, 10, and 20 mg·L -1 ) on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of Kimchi cabbage under high temperature (air temperature 32/26°C) and drought stress (soil moisture 20–24%) conditions. Application of 10 mg·L -1 melatonin alleviated stress-induced growth inhibition and increased the shoot fresh weight and the leaf surface area of seedlings by 22.7% and 13.9%, respectively, compared to the control under the stress condition. Indeed, foliar application of melatonin at 10 mg·L -1 caused an increase of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate under the stress condition. The lowest level of H2O2 content was also observed at 10 mg·L -1 concentration of melatonin treatment, while no significant alterations in lipid peroxidation or concentrations of malondialdehyde were detected by treatment with different concentrations of melatonin. In addition, significantly elevated activity levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at 10 mg·L -1 melatonin treatment without significant changes in ascorbic acid (AsA) and proline contents under the stress condition. These results suggest that foliar application of 10 mg·L -1 melatonin ameliorates physiological damages caused by the combination of water deficit and heat stress and enhances the activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as APX and SOD, thereby improving tolerance against the water deficit and heat stress in Kimchi cabbage. Additional key words: antioxidant enzyme, Brassica rapa L, foliar application, photosynthesis, superoxide dismutase","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48857603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reclaimed land contains a large amount of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil, so it is necessary to select and cultivate tolerant crops that are resistant against salt stress. Chinese cabbage, a staple ingredient in kimchi, is an important vegetable that accounts for most of the production area of leafy vegetables in Korea, but no cases have been reported of growing cabbages in reclaimed land to examine growth and glucosinolate content. The objective of this study was to analyze the growth, nutrient absorption characteristics, and glucosinolate content of Chinese cabbages grown in spring and autumn on reclaimed land with irrigation water with different salt concentrations. The salt concentrations of the irrigation water were 0, 2, and 4 dS∙m -1 . Growth of spring and autumn Chinese cabbages did not change according to the salt concentration of the irrigation water, and only autumn Chinese cabbages showed an increase of Na content according to the salt concentration of the irrigation water. The total glucosinolate content tended to decrease when the salt concentration of irrigation water increased. The increase in salt concentration of irrigation water may reduce the bitterness of autumn Chinese cabbage. Here, it was confirmed that Chinese cabbage cultivation is possible even if the salt concentration of irrigation water reaches 4dS·m -1 on reclaimed land, and the glucosinolate content of autumn Chinese cabbage decreases when salt concentration increases. Additional key words: macronutrient, micronutrient, salt stress, secondary metabolite, sodium chloride
{"title":"Analysis of Changes in Growth, Nutrient Absorption Characteristics, and Glucosinolate Contents of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis) Grown in Reclaimed Land according to Irrigation with Different Salt Concentrations","authors":"I. Lee, D. Jung, P. Yi, Jun Gu Lee, S. Bhandari","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210051","url":null,"abstract":"Reclaimed land contains a large amount of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil, so it is necessary to select and cultivate tolerant crops that are resistant against salt stress. Chinese cabbage, a staple ingredient in kimchi, is an important vegetable that accounts for most of the production area of leafy vegetables in Korea, but no cases have been reported of growing cabbages in reclaimed land to examine growth and glucosinolate content. The objective of this study was to analyze the growth, nutrient absorption characteristics, and glucosinolate content of Chinese cabbages grown in spring and autumn on reclaimed land with irrigation water with different salt concentrations. The salt concentrations of the irrigation water were 0, 2, and 4 dS∙m -1 . Growth of spring and autumn Chinese cabbages did not change according to the salt concentration of the irrigation water, and only autumn Chinese cabbages showed an increase of Na content according to the salt concentration of the irrigation water. The total glucosinolate content tended to decrease when the salt concentration of irrigation water increased. The increase in salt concentration of irrigation water may reduce the bitterness of autumn Chinese cabbage. Here, it was confirmed that Chinese cabbage cultivation is possible even if the salt concentration of irrigation water reaches 4dS·m -1 on reclaimed land, and the glucosinolate content of autumn Chinese cabbage decreases when salt concentration increases. Additional key words: macronutrient, micronutrient, salt stress, secondary metabolite, sodium chloride","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46255763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine the exposure dose of gamma radiation on stem cuttings of chrysanthemum cultivars. Explants of 11 cultivars (‘Eldora’, ‘Rania’, ‘Aileen’, ‘Olga pink’, ‘Sevda’, ‘Heimish’, ‘Rania’, ‘Attirance’, ‘White Plume’, ‘Coral King’, and ‘Leporem’) were subjected to different levels of gamma irradiation (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, and 150 Gy). The results revealed that variation in vegetative growth parameters, viz., plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, total number of flowers, flower diameter, number of petals, petal length and width, and number of buds occurred in the M1V1 generation compared to the control (0 Gy). The survival rates of the gamma-irradiated cultivars changed dramatically. The number of surviving plantlets based on 50% lethal dose (LD50) was found in 100 and 150 Gy treated plants 60 days after radiation. In addition, the highest percentage of plant survival was observed in the control, while the lowest percentage was observed in plants irradiated with 100 Gy and 150 Gy, along with delayed bud initiation and flowering. The number of days from planting to flowering was low in all of the control cultivars, even though the flowering percentage was high in the control compared to the treatments. The highest number of branches was observed in plants that were subjected to 100 and 150 Gy treatment, while 10, 30, and 50 Gy gamma irradiation revealed similar vegetative characteristics to all the control cultivars. Maximum leaf abnormality and leaf color variation were observed in the 70, 100, and 150 Gy treatments. Mutant varieties were produced from those treated with 10, 30, 50, 70, and 150 Gy, in which a higher number of mutants and mutation frequency were found in the 30 and 70 Gy treatments. The results showed that more flower color mutations occurred due to higher exposure to irradiation with minimum alteration in the vegetative growth in all cultivars. These results establish a standard to identify the gamma radiation dose that can induce mutations in chrysanthemum. Additional key words: flower color, growth parameter, lethal dose, mutation frequency, stem cutting, vegetative growth
{"title":"Variability of Chrysanthemum Cultivars Induced by Gamma Irradiation","authors":"Saika Anne, Jin Hee Lim","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210059","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the exposure dose of gamma radiation on stem cuttings of chrysanthemum cultivars. Explants of 11 cultivars (‘Eldora’, ‘Rania’, ‘Aileen’, ‘Olga pink’, ‘Sevda’, ‘Heimish’, ‘Rania’, ‘Attirance’, ‘White Plume’, ‘Coral King’, and ‘Leporem’) were subjected to different levels of gamma irradiation (0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 100, and 150 Gy). The results revealed that variation in vegetative growth parameters, viz., plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, total number of flowers, flower diameter, number of petals, petal length and width, and number of buds occurred in the M1V1 generation compared to the control (0 Gy). The survival rates of the gamma-irradiated cultivars changed dramatically. The number of surviving plantlets based on 50% lethal dose (LD50) was found in 100 and 150 Gy treated plants 60 days after radiation. In addition, the highest percentage of plant survival was observed in the control, while the lowest percentage was observed in plants irradiated with 100 Gy and 150 Gy, along with delayed bud initiation and flowering. The number of days from planting to flowering was low in all of the control cultivars, even though the flowering percentage was high in the control compared to the treatments. The highest number of branches was observed in plants that were subjected to 100 and 150 Gy treatment, while 10, 30, and 50 Gy gamma irradiation revealed similar vegetative characteristics to all the control cultivars. Maximum leaf abnormality and leaf color variation were observed in the 70, 100, and 150 Gy treatments. Mutant varieties were produced from those treated with 10, 30, 50, 70, and 150 Gy, in which a higher number of mutants and mutation frequency were found in the 30 and 70 Gy treatments. The results showed that more flower color mutations occurred due to higher exposure to irradiation with minimum alteration in the vegetative growth in all cultivars. These results establish a standard to identify the gamma radiation dose that can induce mutations in chrysanthemum. Additional key words: flower color, growth parameter, lethal dose, mutation frequency, stem cutting, vegetative growth","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the first commercial vegetable seedling production business was established in the Republic of Korea in 1992, technologies for the production of vegetable grafted seedlings have been developed. Commercial grafting nurseries have promoted the efficiency of grafted seedling production by the selection and concentration strategy. At present, most scions and rootstocks are concentrated on one or two cultivars and all grafted seedlings are made by the splice grafting method. To overcome the disadvantages of the splice grafting method, such as delayed formation of the grafted union and delayed rooting, light-emitting diode (LED) healing chambers (LHCs) have been developed for enhancing grafted union formation, and are currently used in 20% of commercial grafting nurseries. The commercial grafting nurseries in Korea have been facing highly difficult situations because of climate change, increased seedling production cost and labor shortage. To confront this challengeable circumstance, it is essential to optimize grafted seedling production practices to produce high-quality seedlings at lower cost and low impact on the environment, and to ensure a consistent supply to vegetable growers year round. Here, we explored several practices to improve productivity and reduce the environmental impact of grafted seedling production, including the development of disease resistant or abiotic stress tolerant rootstock cultivars, the development of more precise and efficient facilities and cultivation systems such as a grafting robot, the application of a plant factory with artificial lighting, the improvement of light condition in LHCs, and wastewater reuse. Additional key words: LED healing chamber (LHC), plug tray, rootstock, scion, splice grafting
{"title":"Production of Grafted Vegetable Seedlings in the Republic of Korea: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives","authors":"S. An, J. Bae, Ho Cheol Kim, Y. Kwack","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210049","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first commercial vegetable seedling production business was established in the Republic of Korea in 1992, technologies for the production of vegetable grafted seedlings have been developed. Commercial grafting nurseries have promoted the efficiency of grafted seedling production by the selection and concentration strategy. At present, most scions and rootstocks are concentrated on one or two cultivars and all grafted seedlings are made by the splice grafting method. To overcome the disadvantages of the splice grafting method, such as delayed formation of the grafted union and delayed rooting, light-emitting diode (LED) healing chambers (LHCs) have been developed for enhancing grafted union formation, and are currently used in 20% of commercial grafting nurseries. The commercial grafting nurseries in Korea have been facing highly difficult situations because of climate change, increased seedling production cost and labor shortage. To confront this challengeable circumstance, it is essential to optimize grafted seedling production practices to produce high-quality seedlings at lower cost and low impact on the environment, and to ensure a consistent supply to vegetable growers year round. Here, we explored several practices to improve productivity and reduce the environmental impact of grafted seedling production, including the development of disease resistant or abiotic stress tolerant rootstock cultivars, the development of more precise and efficient facilities and cultivation systems such as a grafting robot, the application of a plant factory with artificial lighting, the improvement of light condition in LHCs, and wastewater reuse. Additional key words: LED healing chamber (LHC), plug tray, rootstock, scion, splice grafting","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46271891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Min Kim, Jun Young Park, M. Jung, Hee-Seung Park
‘Shine Muscat’ grape production is challenged by the frequent occurrence of empty branches that do not exhibit flowers on the shoot. Therefore, in this study, axillary bud development was investigated by treating with plant growth regulators [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and spermidine (SPD)] and an environmental factor (long-day treatment) during ecodormancy and the growth stage to reduce the occurrence of empty branches in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevine. Treatments with growth regulators and light during ecodormancy did not affect bud size, but flower primordium formation and flower cluster appearance rates were the highest after BAP treatment. Flower primordium formation rate was the most efficient when 200 ppm BAP was applied after endodormancy break. When plants were treated with growth regulators in the growth stage, SPD treatment promoted the growth of shoots and buds but reduced the flower primordium formation rate. In contrast, BAP treatment inhibited bud growth but increased the flower primordium formation rate. In the case of long-day treatment, the formation of the flower primordium was also delayed as in an in vitro experiment. The whole bud necrosis rate was markedly low, and no significant difference was observed after all treatments. The flower primordium formation rates of the first and second buds that are mainly used for the cultivation of ‘Shine Muscat’ were remarkably low. Although BAP treatment promoted the flower primordium formation rate of the first and second buds, it was confirmed that the rate of cluster appearance in the following year was similar to the untreated group. Therefore, we suggest that 200 ppm BAP treatment during ecodormancy is the most efficient approach to reducing the occurrence of empty branches in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevine. Additional key words: 6-benzylaminopurine, ecodormancy, empty branches, inflorescence primordium, short pruning
{"title":"Axillary Bud Development of ‘Shine Muscat’ Grapevine by Treatment of 6-benzylaminopurine, Spermidine, and Light","authors":"Bo Min Kim, Jun Young Park, M. Jung, Hee-Seung Park","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210053","url":null,"abstract":"‘Shine Muscat’ grape production is challenged by the frequent occurrence of empty branches that do not exhibit flowers on the shoot. Therefore, in this study, axillary bud development was investigated by treating with plant growth regulators [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and spermidine (SPD)] and an environmental factor (long-day treatment) during ecodormancy and the growth stage to reduce the occurrence of empty branches in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevine. Treatments with growth regulators and light during ecodormancy did not affect bud size, but flower primordium formation and flower cluster appearance rates were the highest after BAP treatment. Flower primordium formation rate was the most efficient when 200 ppm BAP was applied after endodormancy break. When plants were treated with growth regulators in the growth stage, SPD treatment promoted the growth of shoots and buds but reduced the flower primordium formation rate. In contrast, BAP treatment inhibited bud growth but increased the flower primordium formation rate. In the case of long-day treatment, the formation of the flower primordium was also delayed as in an in vitro experiment. The whole bud necrosis rate was markedly low, and no significant difference was observed after all treatments. The flower primordium formation rates of the first and second buds that are mainly used for the cultivation of ‘Shine Muscat’ were remarkably low. Although BAP treatment promoted the flower primordium formation rate of the first and second buds, it was confirmed that the rate of cluster appearance in the following year was similar to the untreated group. Therefore, we suggest that 200 ppm BAP treatment during ecodormancy is the most efficient approach to reducing the occurrence of empty branches in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevine. Additional key words: 6-benzylaminopurine, ecodormancy, empty branches, inflorescence primordium, short pruning","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41435531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Cho, Ung Yang, S. Wi, Bok-Rye Lee, Se-Keung Oh, Minsoo Kim, Sang Hyun Lee
The impacts of climate change on crop yields and fruit quality are projected to accelerate with increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels; however, few studies have focused on the impacts of climate change on the accumulation pattern and content of soluble sugars in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit. We compared the soluble sugars content and accumulation patterns during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons throughout the developmental stages of pear fruit with climate data collected over the same period. Between the two years, we observed differences in the fructose and sucrose contents at the maturation stage of the pear fruit, resulting from differences in sugar accumulation following 132 days after full bloom (DAFB). Differences were also found in the meteorological data measured over the two years. In particular, the daily average temperatures from late-June to mid-August (73 to 132 DAFB) were all higher in 2018 than in 2019, and differences in the cumulative amounts of both fructose and sucrose were observed since 132 DAFB. Notable differences were confirmed in the comparison of the meteorological variables for each time interval. Among the meteorological variables, those related to temperature showed clear differences between the two years. Correlation coefficient matrices showed that sucrose and fructose accumulation responded differently depending on the meteorological variables over the two years. Furthermore, only accumulated temperature and air temperature were correlated with changes in the sucrose and fructose content in 2018, unlike in 2019. Taken together, our results indicate that temperature differences may have contributed to differences in the fructose and sucrose contents and their accumulation patterns over the two years. Additional key words: annual, comparisons, environmental, extreme, maturity, summer
{"title":"Potential Effects of Temperature Differences on the Soluble Sugar Content in Pear Fruit during the Growing Seasons of 2018 and 2019","authors":"J. Cho, Ung Yang, S. Wi, Bok-Rye Lee, Se-Keung Oh, Minsoo Kim, Sang Hyun Lee","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210050","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of climate change on crop yields and fruit quality are projected to accelerate with increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels; however, few studies have focused on the impacts of climate change on the accumulation pattern and content of soluble sugars in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruit. We compared the soluble sugars content and accumulation patterns during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons throughout the developmental stages of pear fruit with climate data collected over the same period. Between the two years, we observed differences in the fructose and sucrose contents at the maturation stage of the pear fruit, resulting from differences in sugar accumulation following 132 days after full bloom (DAFB). Differences were also found in the meteorological data measured over the two years. In particular, the daily average temperatures from late-June to mid-August (73 to 132 DAFB) were all higher in 2018 than in 2019, and differences in the cumulative amounts of both fructose and sucrose were observed since 132 DAFB. Notable differences were confirmed in the comparison of the meteorological variables for each time interval. Among the meteorological variables, those related to temperature showed clear differences between the two years. Correlation coefficient matrices showed that sucrose and fructose accumulation responded differently depending on the meteorological variables over the two years. Furthermore, only accumulated temperature and air temperature were correlated with changes in the sucrose and fructose content in 2018, unlike in 2019. Taken together, our results indicate that temperature differences may have contributed to differences in the fructose and sucrose contents and their accumulation patterns over the two years. Additional key words: annual, comparisons, environmental, extreme, maturity, summer","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47504754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woo-Young Cho, D. M. Deepo, Md. Mazharul Islam, Si-Chun Nam, Hong-Yul Kim, Jeungsul Han, Chang-kil Kim, M. Chung, K. Lim
This study explored the effects of oryzalin on the polyploidization of a new cultivar, Cucumis melo ‘Chammel’. 58 diploid seedlings of ‘Chammel’ were treated with oryzalin. Their ploidy levels were checked by flow cytometry and number of 5S and 18S rDNA loci were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Twelve among 58 plants were identified as tetraploids. The tetraploids were self-crossed, and their seeds were harvested. The seeds and seedlings of the tetraploids were compared to the corresponding diploids using morphology and cytogenetic analyses. The seed width, the cotyledon width, and the leaf thickness of the tetraploids increased significantly over those of the diploids. However, the length of the petiole of the tetraploids was shorter than that of the corresponding diploids. The stomata length and width of the guard cells in the tetraploids were longer than in diploids, but the number of stomata per area decreased in the tetraploids. The number of chromosomes was 24 and 48 for the diploids and tetraploids, respectively. Moreover, the chromosomal changes induced by oryzalin were confirmed; the diploids had one pair of 5S rDNA loci and two pairs of 18S rDNA loci, the corresponding numbers were doubled in the tetraploids. These results will help to generate new seedless oriental melon cultivars via polyploidization. Additional key words: 5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, FISH, oryzalin, tetraploid
{"title":"Induction of Polyploidy in Cucumis melo ‘Chammel’ and Evaluation of Morphological and Cytogenetic Changes","authors":"Woo-Young Cho, D. M. Deepo, Md. Mazharul Islam, Si-Chun Nam, Hong-Yul Kim, Jeungsul Han, Chang-kil Kim, M. Chung, K. Lim","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210056","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the effects of oryzalin on the polyploidization of a new cultivar, Cucumis melo ‘Chammel’. 58 diploid seedlings of ‘Chammel’ were treated with oryzalin. Their ploidy levels were checked by flow cytometry and number of 5S and 18S rDNA loci were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Twelve among 58 plants were identified as tetraploids. The tetraploids were self-crossed, and their seeds were harvested. The seeds and seedlings of the tetraploids were compared to the corresponding diploids using morphology and cytogenetic analyses. The seed width, the cotyledon width, and the leaf thickness of the tetraploids increased significantly over those of the diploids. However, the length of the petiole of the tetraploids was shorter than that of the corresponding diploids. The stomata length and width of the guard cells in the tetraploids were longer than in diploids, but the number of stomata per area decreased in the tetraploids. The number of chromosomes was 24 and 48 for the diploids and tetraploids, respectively. Moreover, the chromosomal changes induced by oryzalin were confirmed; the diploids had one pair of 5S rDNA loci and two pairs of 18S rDNA loci, the corresponding numbers were doubled in the tetraploids. These results will help to generate new seedless oriental melon cultivars via polyploidization. Additional key words: 5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, FISH, oryzalin, tetraploid","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48335662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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