This study evaluated seasonal changes in various fruit quality attributes and the incidence of physiological disorders in the blocky and conical types of paprika cultivars using a simulated export system. The effects of three different pericarp colors were also investigated. ‘Scirocco’, ‘DSP 7054’, and ‘Volante’ cultivars were used as a blocky type, while ‘Raon red’, ‘Raon orange’, and ‘Raon yellow’ cultivars were used as a conical type with red, orange, and yellow pericarp color, respectively. The fruit was shipped at 10°C for two weeks, stored at 10°C for one week, and then transferred at 22°C for one week to simulate export by shipping. Storage temperatures and relative humidity levels greatly fluctuated in the winter season as compared to the summer season. Thus, fruit weight loss was higher in the winter season than in the summer season regardless of the cultivar type. However, the pericarp firmness was lower in the winter season. The soluble solids content and titratable acidity were higher in conical type than in the blocky type of paprika cultivar and highest in the ‘Raon red’ cultivar. The pericarp lightness and hue angle responded differently during the export season, depending on the pericarp color and fruit type. The incidence and severity of fruit shriveling were higher in the winter season than in the summer season, irrespective of the cultivar. Fruit shriveling was less severe in the conical type than in the blocky type, regardless of the pericarp color. Moreover, the incidence and severity of fruit softening, pedicel wilting, and pedicel browning were higher in the winter season than in the summer season. Therefore, the results indicate that the storage humidity levels likely play a pivotal role in the postharvest handling of paprika fruit quality during the seasonal export period. Thus, careful consideration of various techniques that are contingent upon the season of export and the specific type of fruit is required.
{"title":"Seasonal Difference of Fruit Quality Attributes and Physiological Disorders in Paprika Cultivars under a Simulated Export System","authors":"Si-Eun Byeon, Sangyo Jeong, Hnin Phyu Lwin, Jinhee Lee, Theint Thandar Latt, Hyowon Park, Yeo Eun Yun, Jung-Soo Lee, Jinwook Lee","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230038","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated seasonal changes in various fruit quality attributes and the incidence of physiological disorders in the blocky and conical types of paprika cultivars using a simulated export system. The effects of three different pericarp colors were also investigated. ‘Scirocco’, ‘DSP 7054’, and ‘Volante’ cultivars were used as a blocky type, while ‘Raon red’, ‘Raon orange’, and ‘Raon yellow’ cultivars were used as a conical type with red, orange, and yellow pericarp color, respectively. The fruit was shipped at 10°C for two weeks, stored at 10°C for one week, and then transferred at 22°C for one week to simulate export by shipping. Storage temperatures and relative humidity levels greatly fluctuated in the winter season as compared to the summer season. Thus, fruit weight loss was higher in the winter season than in the summer season regardless of the cultivar type. However, the pericarp firmness was lower in the winter season. The soluble solids content and titratable acidity were higher in conical type than in the blocky type of paprika cultivar and highest in the ‘Raon red’ cultivar. The pericarp lightness and hue angle responded differently during the export season, depending on the pericarp color and fruit type. The incidence and severity of fruit shriveling were higher in the winter season than in the summer season, irrespective of the cultivar. Fruit shriveling was less severe in the conical type than in the blocky type, regardless of the pericarp color. Moreover, the incidence and severity of fruit softening, pedicel wilting, and pedicel browning were higher in the winter season than in the summer season. Therefore, the results indicate that the storage humidity levels likely play a pivotal role in the postharvest handling of paprika fruit quality during the seasonal export period. Thus, careful consideration of various techniques that are contingent upon the season of export and the specific type of fruit is required.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135990547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun Young Choi, Myeong Whoon Seo, Sung Gi Yun, Jong Won Lee, Young Ae Jung, Hak Sun Kim, Kuen Woo Park, Yong Beom Lee
A meteorological survey of the northern region is conducted for a disaster-proof greenhouse design suitable for the northern region and a natural energy source analysis. According to survey results of 14 northern locations (five in North Korea, five in China, three in Mongolia, and one of Russia) over a 36-year period (1985–2020), Cheongjin in North Korea had the highest instantaneous wind speed of 42.2 m·sec-1 (2010), followed by Haeju at 35.9 m·sec-1 (2012) and Yangji in China at 34.2 m·sec-1 (2010). In the 30-year return period, North Korea's Cheongjin was highest at 36.7 m·sec-1, followed by Yangji in China at 31.8 m·sec-1, with Mongolia and Russia below 27 m·sec-1 and 30 m·sec-1, respectively. Based on the frequency of a 30-year return period, the snow depths at Hyesan in North Korea, at Yangji in China, and at Ussuriysk in Russia were 40cm in all cases. The snow depth of North Korea's Chongjin and Wonsan was 34 to 36 cm, and that of China's Shenyang and Jin was 30–32 cm, while other regions showed lower depths. The average wind power in the 14 northern regions was in the range of 2.77–4.57 m·sec-1, while China's Harbin was highest at 4.57. Harbin had the longest wind power generation time of 4,333 hours, which is 50% of 8,760 hours a year. However, the rated power of only 51 hours is considered to be economically low. Except for Hyesan and Chongjin in North Korea, and Ussuriysk in Russia, the average daily solar radiation for 36 years exceeded 4,000 w·m-2·day-1. In particular, Dalanzad in Mongolia showed the highest rate of 4,806 w·m-2·day-1. While the highest monthly solar radiation rate was 6,000 w·m-2 in North Korea and China during May and June, it was 7,000 w·m-2 in Mongolia during June and August with the longest sunshine duration in Dalanzadgad (2,836 hours per year). Integrating all of the results suggests that it is necessary to establish northern smart greenhouse models considering meteorological survey results and that it is more advantageous to use solar power than wind power as a natural energy source.
{"title":"Meteorological Survey for a Disaster-Proof Smart Farm Design Suitable for the Northern Region and a Natural Energy Source Analysis","authors":"Eun Young Choi, Myeong Whoon Seo, Sung Gi Yun, Jong Won Lee, Young Ae Jung, Hak Sun Kim, Kuen Woo Park, Yong Beom Lee","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230027","url":null,"abstract":"A meteorological survey of the northern region is conducted for a disaster-proof greenhouse design suitable for the northern region and a natural energy source analysis. According to survey results of 14 northern locations (five in North Korea, five in China, three in Mongolia, and one of Russia) over a 36-year period (1985–2020), Cheongjin in North Korea had the highest instantaneous wind speed of 42.2 m·sec-1 (2010), followed by Haeju at 35.9 m·sec-1 (2012) and Yangji in China at 34.2 m·sec-1 (2010). In the 30-year return period, North Korea's Cheongjin was highest at 36.7 m·sec-1, followed by Yangji in China at 31.8 m·sec-1, with Mongolia and Russia below 27 m·sec-1 and 30 m·sec-1, respectively. Based on the frequency of a 30-year return period, the snow depths at Hyesan in North Korea, at Yangji in China, and at Ussuriysk in Russia were 40cm in all cases. The snow depth of North Korea's Chongjin and Wonsan was 34 to 36 cm, and that of China's Shenyang and Jin was 30–32 cm, while other regions showed lower depths. The average wind power in the 14 northern regions was in the range of 2.77–4.57 m·sec-1, while China's Harbin was highest at 4.57. Harbin had the longest wind power generation time of 4,333 hours, which is 50% of 8,760 hours a year. However, the rated power of only 51 hours is considered to be economically low. Except for Hyesan and Chongjin in North Korea, and Ussuriysk in Russia, the average daily solar radiation for 36 years exceeded 4,000 w·m-2·day-1. In particular, Dalanzad in Mongolia showed the highest rate of 4,806 w·m-2·day-1. While the highest monthly solar radiation rate was 6,000 w·m-2 in North Korea and China during May and June, it was 7,000 w·m-2 in Mongolia during June and August with the longest sunshine duration in Dalanzadgad (2,836 hours per year). Integrating all of the results suggests that it is necessary to establish northern smart greenhouse models considering meteorological survey results and that it is more advantageous to use solar power than wind power as a natural energy source.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the antifungal effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on Botrytis cinerea, an agent that causes gray mold to appear on the cut rose flower of the type known as ‘Bubble Gum’. Petals were inoculated by spraying a spore suspension with 3 × 105 spores·mL-1 (1.2 mL per flower) which was then allowed to dry in air for an hour. The petal pulsing treatments used here were as follows: no treatment (NT, control) and HOCl treatments at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 µL·L-1 sprayed for three seconds. The treatment with 30 µL·L-1 HOCl (27.8%) reduced B. cinerea by 71% compared to NT (94.6%) and by 68% compared to the 0 µL·L-1 HOCl (87.9%). The vase life of cut rose flowers was lowest in the NT and highest with 30 µL·L-1 HOCl. The disease incidence rate according to the visual index of B. cinerea decreased as the HOCl concentration was increased. The petal color did not differ among the treatments in terms of the L*, a*, and b* values, except for NT compared to the corresponding value before the postharvest treatment. NT showed the highest rate of color change as measured by the ΔE* value compared to 0 days, and the petal color remained unchanged to the greatest degree in the HOCl treatments. Electrolyte leakage from the petals was highest in NT, and there was no petal tissue damage after the HOCl treatments. The flowering rate was lowest in NT, and there were few differences among the treatments. There were no differences among the treatments in terms of the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, and stomatal size change rate of the leaf, indicating that the quality of the leaf was not affected. Thus, an immediate petal pulsing treatment with slightly acidic electrolyzed water is recommended to inhibit gray mold on cut rose flowers at 30 µL·L-1 HOCl just before postharvest storage. This treatment did not cause any apparent damage to the petals or leaves.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed (HOCl) Water on Botrytis cinerea of Cut Rose Flowers","authors":"Ju Hwi Kim, Sang Wook Park, Young Boon Lee","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230028","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the antifungal effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on Botrytis cinerea, an agent that causes gray mold to appear on the cut rose flower of the type known as ‘Bubble Gum’. Petals were inoculated by spraying a spore suspension with 3 × 105 spores·mL-1 (1.2 mL per flower) which was then allowed to dry in air for an hour. The petal pulsing treatments used here were as follows: no treatment (NT, control) and HOCl treatments at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 µL·L-1 sprayed for three seconds. The treatment with 30 µL·L-1 HOCl (27.8%) reduced B. cinerea by 71% compared to NT (94.6%) and by 68% compared to the 0 µL·L-1 HOCl (87.9%). The vase life of cut rose flowers was lowest in the NT and highest with 30 µL·L-1 HOCl. The disease incidence rate according to the visual index of B. cinerea decreased as the HOCl concentration was increased. The petal color did not differ among the treatments in terms of the L*, a*, and b* values, except for NT compared to the corresponding value before the postharvest treatment. NT showed the highest rate of color change as measured by the ΔE* value compared to 0 days, and the petal color remained unchanged to the greatest degree in the HOCl treatments. Electrolyte leakage from the petals was highest in NT, and there was no petal tissue damage after the HOCl treatments. The flowering rate was lowest in NT, and there were few differences among the treatments. There were no differences among the treatments in terms of the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, and stomatal size change rate of the leaf, indicating that the quality of the leaf was not affected. Thus, an immediate petal pulsing treatment with slightly acidic electrolyzed water is recommended to inhibit gray mold on cut rose flowers at 30 µL·L-1 HOCl just before postharvest storage. This treatment did not cause any apparent damage to the petals or leaves.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owing to habitat modifications and climate change, Sphagnum moss has gradually disappeared from many tropical areas. In Thailand, Sphagnum cuspidatulum Müll. Hal., which was one of the most abundant species in the past, experienced a significant decline in 2022. The in vitro conservation of this species in an axenic culture in the laboratory has not been attempted, and therefore our work focused on the gametophytic cultivation of S. cuspidatulum using the tissue culture technique. After collecting samples in the field, a gametophyte of S. cuspidatulum was prepared by growing the moss in a growth chamber for three months to induce shoot tip elongation. The explants were cultured for six weeks in different formulas of culture media, initial pHs of the treatments, sugar types, and sugar concentrations. The results showed that the highest dry weight was produced with the 1/6MS treatment, followed by the 1/8MS and 1/4MS treatments. Different initial pHs did not affect the dry weight or total chlorophyll content. It was also found that the pHs of all of the treatments gradually declined during cultivation to less than 3.0. When we supplemented the media with sugar, the 1/4MS treatment supplemented with 1.5% to 2% glucose had the highest dry weight. This study was the first to use MS media for Sphagnum cultivation rather than traditional media such as Knop and B5. The results demonstrated the potential of using micropropagation for the mass production and ex situ conservation of S. cuspidatulum in Thailand.
{"title":"Effects of the Culture Medium, pH Level, and Type of Sugar on the Growth of Sphagnum cuspidatulum Müll. Hal.","authors":"Chulalack Sitthichoptham, Narong Wongkantrakorn, Ekaphan Kraichak, Nuttha Sanevas","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230030","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to habitat modifications and climate change, Sphagnum moss has gradually disappeared from many tropical areas. In Thailand, Sphagnum cuspidatulum Müll. Hal., which was one of the most abundant species in the past, experienced a significant decline in 2022. The in vitro conservation of this species in an axenic culture in the laboratory has not been attempted, and therefore our work focused on the gametophytic cultivation of S. cuspidatulum using the tissue culture technique. After collecting samples in the field, a gametophyte of S. cuspidatulum was prepared by growing the moss in a growth chamber for three months to induce shoot tip elongation. The explants were cultured for six weeks in different formulas of culture media, initial pHs of the treatments, sugar types, and sugar concentrations. The results showed that the highest dry weight was produced with the 1/6MS treatment, followed by the 1/8MS and 1/4MS treatments. Different initial pHs did not affect the dry weight or total chlorophyll content. It was also found that the pHs of all of the treatments gradually declined during cultivation to less than 3.0. When we supplemented the media with sugar, the 1/4MS treatment supplemented with 1.5% to 2% glucose had the highest dry weight. This study was the first to use MS media for Sphagnum cultivation rather than traditional media such as Knop and B5. The results demonstrated the potential of using micropropagation for the mass production and ex situ conservation of S. cuspidatulum in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eun-Jeong Kim, Yu-min Jeon, Geon-Sig Yun, Sol-Ji Noh, Hee-Doo Lee
There is a rapid change in the preference of watermelons from large-sized ones (6 kg or more) to small-sized ones (2–4 kg), however research on the cultivation techniques for small-sized watermelons is insufficient. In order to cultivate high-quality small-sized watermelons, this study was done to ascertain the planting density, stem number, and node number of fruit-setting methods. The ‘Banjeonmaeryuk’, a long and elliptical small-sized watermelon variety that grown in South Korea was grafted to ‘Bullojangsaeng (Lagenaria siceraria Standley)’ with its characteristics in growth, development and yield analyzed according to plant density and stem number. The results showed that the group cultivated at 1,333 plants/10a, three stem training sessions in planting density, and 130 leaves made a 2.6% increase in the marketable rate and 4.5% in the amount than the group cultivated at four stems under the same transplanting distance with the same fruit weight at 3.4 kg. As for the fruit- setting node order of small-sized watermelons, when two pieces of fruit were set in the third female flower (fruit-setting node: 19–20) of the second stem of three, it recorded an 85% fruit-setting rate, 11.5°Brix of sugar content, and 16–20 more in amount than other fruit-setting methods. In addition, the study examined three varieties of small-sized watermelons in fruit quality and amount to test the productivity of cultivation techniques for small-sized watermelons and found that one fruit per stem recorded as high as 97.5% average fruit-setting rate, an average fruit weight of 3.2 kg, and that two fruits per stem recorded 35.4–82.6% fruit-setting rate, which shows big differences among the different varieties. When two pieces of fruit were set per stem, the resulting fruit weight dropped down to an average of 1.8 kg. The three varieties recorded an average yield of 4,559 kg/10a, and a high sugar content of 11.6°Brix. These findings indicate that one can cultivate high-quality small-sized watermelons in large amounts by setting the transplanting distance at 30 cm, training three stems, and setting two pieces of fruit in the third female flower at the same time.
{"title":"The Characteristics of Small-Sized Watermelons in Quality and Yield according to Planting Density, Stem Number, and Node Number of Fruit-Setting","authors":"Eun-Jeong Kim, Yu-min Jeon, Geon-Sig Yun, Sol-Ji Noh, Hee-Doo Lee","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230023","url":null,"abstract":"There is a rapid change in the preference of watermelons from large-sized ones (6 kg or more) to small-sized ones (2–4 kg), however research on the cultivation techniques for small-sized watermelons is insufficient. In order to cultivate high-quality small-sized watermelons, this study was done to ascertain the planting density, stem number, and node number of fruit-setting methods. The ‘Banjeonmaeryuk’, a long and elliptical small-sized watermelon variety that grown in South Korea was grafted to ‘Bullojangsaeng (Lagenaria siceraria Standley)’ with its characteristics in growth, development and yield analyzed according to plant density and stem number. The results showed that the group cultivated at 1,333 plants/10a, three stem training sessions in planting density, and 130 leaves made a 2.6% increase in the marketable rate and 4.5% in the amount than the group cultivated at four stems under the same transplanting distance with the same fruit weight at 3.4 kg. As for the fruit- setting node order of small-sized watermelons, when two pieces of fruit were set in the third female flower (fruit-setting node: 19–20) of the second stem of three, it recorded an 85% fruit-setting rate, 11.5°Brix of sugar content, and 16–20 more in amount than other fruit-setting methods. In addition, the study examined three varieties of small-sized watermelons in fruit quality and amount to test the productivity of cultivation techniques for small-sized watermelons and found that one fruit per stem recorded as high as 97.5% average fruit-setting rate, an average fruit weight of 3.2 kg, and that two fruits per stem recorded 35.4–82.6% fruit-setting rate, which shows big differences among the different varieties. When two pieces of fruit were set per stem, the resulting fruit weight dropped down to an average of 1.8 kg. The three varieties recorded an average yield of 4,559 kg/10a, and a high sugar content of 11.6°Brix. These findings indicate that one can cultivate high-quality small-sized watermelons in large amounts by setting the transplanting distance at 30 cm, training three stems, and setting two pieces of fruit in the third female flower at the same time.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pachyphytum, a slow-growing succulent genus, is considered a high-value ornamental plant in high demand as a potted plant. To facilitate and enhance its vegetative propagation, different light-emitting diode (LED) light qualities were used on leaf cuttings. Different light spectrum qualities, i.e., red (peak at 630 nm), blue (peak at 450 nm), purple (peaks at 450 and 650 nm), 3000 K white LED (peaks at 455 and 600 nm), 4100 K white LED (peaks at 455 and 590 nm), and 6500 K white LED (peaks at 450 and 545 nm), were used as treatments for six Pachyphytum species or cultivar, specifically P. compactum, P. glutinicaule, P. machucae, P. oviferum, P. viride, and P. cv. Oviride (P. oviferum × P. viride). The results of this study suggest that the different light qualities studied here significantly affected the growth and development of the Pachyphytum species. The use of blue and 6500 K white LED lights increased survival rates, rooting, and shooting success, while the use of white lights significantly improved shoot and root growth as well as the corresponding fresh and dry weights. However, in terms of the percentage moisture content, the effects of monochromatic red and blue lights, as well as the composite spectral distribution of purple light, were significantly higher compared to the effect of white light. The improvement in root growth and development, and the fresh and dry weights of Pachyphytum species under different light spectra are evidence that the effects of the light quality vary among plant species even when they belong to the same genus. Similarly, the use of different light qualities may be beneficial at certain growth stages for leaf cuttings to promote the optimal development of plant organs. The results of this study provide improved vegetative propagation techniques for Pachyphytum species and other slow-growing succulents propagated through leaf cuttings.
{"title":"Vegetative Propagation of Six Pachyphytum Species as Influenced by Different LED Light Qualities","authors":"Jae Hwan Lee, Sang Yong Nam","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230022","url":null,"abstract":"Pachyphytum, a slow-growing succulent genus, is considered a high-value ornamental plant in high demand as a potted plant. To facilitate and enhance its vegetative propagation, different light-emitting diode (LED) light qualities were used on leaf cuttings. Different light spectrum qualities, i.e., red (peak at 630 nm), blue (peak at 450 nm), purple (peaks at 450 and 650 nm), 3000 K white LED (peaks at 455 and 600 nm), 4100 K white LED (peaks at 455 and 590 nm), and 6500 K white LED (peaks at 450 and 545 nm), were used as treatments for six Pachyphytum species or cultivar, specifically P. compactum, P. glutinicaule, P. machucae, P. oviferum, P. viride, and P. cv. Oviride (P. oviferum × P. viride). The results of this study suggest that the different light qualities studied here significantly affected the growth and development of the Pachyphytum species. The use of blue and 6500 K white LED lights increased survival rates, rooting, and shooting success, while the use of white lights significantly improved shoot and root growth as well as the corresponding fresh and dry weights. However, in terms of the percentage moisture content, the effects of monochromatic red and blue lights, as well as the composite spectral distribution of purple light, were significantly higher compared to the effect of white light. The improvement in root growth and development, and the fresh and dry weights of Pachyphytum species under different light spectra are evidence that the effects of the light quality vary among plant species even when they belong to the same genus. Similarly, the use of different light qualities may be beneficial at certain growth stages for leaf cuttings to promote the optimal development of plant organs. The results of this study provide improved vegetative propagation techniques for Pachyphytum species and other slow-growing succulents propagated through leaf cuttings.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135857623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chung-Sil Kim, Byeong-Ho Choi, Young-Ju Jung, Tae-Myung Yoon
The Shadow patterns of various apple planting systems, and tree height are tracked using Sketch Up (Trimble, Inc. 3D Design software). A Model of a tall spindle established by combining planting distances applicable to Korea. The row orientation was set to four directions: N-S, NW-SE, NE-SW, and E-W. Each planting system simulated hours without sunlight-interference by the adjacent row and the sunlight-interference percentage in the canopy according to the adjacent tree during the growing season. The hours without sunlight-interference by adjacent rows on June 21 were N-S rows at 3.98 to 7.20 hours, NW-SE rows at 5.30 to 9.27 hours, NE-SW rows at 5.27 to 9.02 hours, and E-W rows at 10.38 to 11.78 hours. Sunlight-interference percentages in the morning and afternoon were as follows: N-S rows at 14.8% and 14.8%, NW-SE rows at 32.2% and 21.1%, NE-SW rows at 31.5% and 41.8%, and E-W rows at 53.6% and 50.4%, respectively. For the N-S rows, the overall growing season was favorable. E-W rows were unfavorable among row orientations due high interference level by adjacent trees. As the tree height increased from 2.5 to 5.0 m regardless of the row orientation, the hours without interference by adjacent trees decreased. However, an empirical test for light transmittance and radiation in the planting systems not considered in this study is additionally required.
使用Sketch Up (Trimble, Inc. 3D设计软件)跟踪各种苹果种植系统的阴影模式和树木高度。结合种植距离建立了适用于韩国的高纺锤体模型。行向设置为N-S、NW-SE、NE-SW、E-W四个方向。每个种植系统模拟相邻行无光照干扰小时数，并根据生长季节相邻树的冠层日照干扰百分比。6月21日无相邻行日照干扰时数为南北向3.98 ~ 7.20小时，西北偏南5.30 ~ 9.27小时，东北偏南5.27 ~ 9.02小时，东西向10.38 ~ 11.78小时。上午和下午的光干扰率分别为:N-S行14.8%和14.8%，NW-SE行32.2%和21.1%，NE-SW行31.5%和41.8%，E-W行53.6%和50.4%。对于N-S行，整个生长季节是有利的。由于邻近树木的干扰程度高，东西向行对行向不利。无论行向如何，随着树高从2.5 m增加到5.0 m，不受相邻树干扰的时间减少。但是，还需要对本研究未考虑的种植系统的透光率和辐射率进行实证测试。
{"title":"Comparison of Light Utilization Efficiency in terms of the Planting Distance, Orientation, and Tree Height for a High-Density Apple Orchard","authors":"Chung-Sil Kim, Byeong-Ho Choi, Young-Ju Jung, Tae-Myung Yoon","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230024","url":null,"abstract":"The Shadow patterns of various apple planting systems, and tree height are tracked using Sketch Up (Trimble, Inc. 3D Design software). A Model of a tall spindle established by combining planting distances applicable to Korea. The row orientation was set to four directions: N-S, NW-SE, NE-SW, and E-W. Each planting system simulated hours without sunlight-interference by the adjacent row and the sunlight-interference percentage in the canopy according to the adjacent tree during the growing season. The hours without sunlight-interference by adjacent rows on June 21 were N-S rows at 3.98 to 7.20 hours, NW-SE rows at 5.30 to 9.27 hours, NE-SW rows at 5.27 to 9.02 hours, and E-W rows at 10.38 to 11.78 hours. Sunlight-interference percentages in the morning and afternoon were as follows: N-S rows at 14.8% and 14.8%, NW-SE rows at 32.2% and 21.1%, NE-SW rows at 31.5% and 41.8%, and E-W rows at 53.6% and 50.4%, respectively. For the N-S rows, the overall growing season was favorable. E-W rows were unfavorable among row orientations due high interference level by adjacent trees. As the tree height increased from 2.5 to 5.0 m regardless of the row orientation, the hours without interference by adjacent trees decreased. However, an empirical test for light transmittance and radiation in the planting systems not considered in this study is additionally required.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomatoes are widely used worldwide and are an economically important crop. Tomatoes contain important secondary metabolites, as well as lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin C, and flavonoids. The quality of tomato seedlings varies depending on certain environmental factors during the seedling growth season. In Korea, diniconazole (DIN), a triazole-based plant growth regulator (PGR), is widely used to prevent seedling overgrowth. Misapplication of a triazole-based PGR results in excessive growth inhibition. However, little is known about the prevention of side effects such as growth inhibition after a DIN treatment. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether growth inhibition could be resolved by treatment with GA3, a phytohormone, after a DIN treatment. This study compared the survival rates of seedlings after a DIN treatment and analyzed the growth of tomato seedlings treated with GA3 after a DIN treatment. To this end, DIN was diluted to a concentration of 250 mg∙L-1 to be treated at 3 mg per plant, and GA3 was diluted to a concentration of 5 mg∙L-1 and 10 mg∙L-1 to be treated at 2.5 mL per plant. GA3 was administered up to two times per concentration. In the foliar application of GA3 after the DIN treatment, no difference in growth was found between the treatments at different concentrations, but there was a significant difference between plants subjected to the single and double treatments. The results of this study suggest that a GA3 treatment at a higher frequency than a high-concentration treatment can more effectively address the growth inhibition issue associated with a DIN treatment.
{"title":"Exogenous Gibberellin Application in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Recovers Growth Inhibition Caused by Triazole Overuse","authors":"Mun Haeng Lee, Seungyong Hahm, Jongseok Park","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230026","url":null,"abstract":"Tomatoes are widely used worldwide and are an economically important crop. Tomatoes contain important secondary metabolites, as well as lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin C, and flavonoids. The quality of tomato seedlings varies depending on certain environmental factors during the seedling growth season. In Korea, diniconazole (DIN), a triazole-based plant growth regulator (PGR), is widely used to prevent seedling overgrowth. Misapplication of a triazole-based PGR results in excessive growth inhibition. However, little is known about the prevention of side effects such as growth inhibition after a DIN treatment. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether growth inhibition could be resolved by treatment with GA3, a phytohormone, after a DIN treatment. This study compared the survival rates of seedlings after a DIN treatment and analyzed the growth of tomato seedlings treated with GA3 after a DIN treatment. To this end, DIN was diluted to a concentration of 250 mg∙L-1 to be treated at 3 mg per plant, and GA3 was diluted to a concentration of 5 mg∙L-1 and 10 mg∙L-1 to be treated at 2.5 mL per plant. GA3 was administered up to two times per concentration. In the foliar application of GA3 after the DIN treatment, no difference in growth was found between the treatments at different concentrations, but there was a significant difference between plants subjected to the single and double treatments. The results of this study suggest that a GA3 treatment at a higher frequency than a high-concentration treatment can more effectively address the growth inhibition issue associated with a DIN treatment.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woo-Douk Jang, Shin-Jae Jeon, Ki-Young Choi, Jong-Kuk Na
Most sweet pepper cultivars cultivated in the northern region of South Korea are cultivars that were selected for winter harvesting (cropping) in the southern region despite differences in cultivation environments and growing periods between the two regions. This study aimed to investigate whether six domestic sweet pepper cultivars, three red (‘632’, ‘ARO-2’, and ‘HeraRed’), two yellow (‘719’ and ‘ARO-4’), and one orange (‘ARO-5’) cultivar, are suitable for summer harvesting in the northern region of Korea. One red (‘Nagano’), two yellow (‘WLS1380’ and ‘Allrounder’), and one orange (‘DSP7054’) cultivars were used as control cultivars. Marketable yields ranged from 3.3 to 5.0 kg/plant, and the yellow ‘Allrounder’ cultivar showed the highest marketable yield, followed by ‘WLS1380’ and ‘Nagano’ at 4.7 kg/plant. Among the red cultivars, ‘HeraRed’ and ‘632’ performed decently in terms of marketable yields compared to the control cultivar ‘Nagano’. Yellow ‘719’ underperformed compared to ‘Allrounder’ but performed comparably to ‘WLS1380’. Orange ‘ARO-5’ showed a higher total yield than the control ‘DSP7054’, but it produced a significantly higher nonmarketable yield. There were significant differences in various growth parameters at the early developmental stage, but such differences did not correlate with the marketable yield. A partial correlation analysis of fruit traits revealed a strong positive correlation between fruit weight and the number of locules, whereas the sugar content and pericarp thickness had a strong negative correlation. These relationships among fruit traits could be utilized as indicators when evaluating fruit qualities.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Growth and Yield Characteristics of Six Domestic Sweet Pepper Cultivars","authors":"Woo-Douk Jang, Shin-Jae Jeon, Ki-Young Choi, Jong-Kuk Na","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230025","url":null,"abstract":"Most sweet pepper cultivars cultivated in the northern region of South Korea are cultivars that were selected for winter harvesting (cropping) in the southern region despite differences in cultivation environments and growing periods between the two regions. This study aimed to investigate whether six domestic sweet pepper cultivars, three red (‘632’, ‘ARO-2’, and ‘HeraRed’), two yellow (‘719’ and ‘ARO-4’), and one orange (‘ARO-5’) cultivar, are suitable for summer harvesting in the northern region of Korea. One red (‘Nagano’), two yellow (‘WLS1380’ and ‘Allrounder’), and one orange (‘DSP7054’) cultivars were used as control cultivars. Marketable yields ranged from 3.3 to 5.0 kg/plant, and the yellow ‘Allrounder’ cultivar showed the highest marketable yield, followed by ‘WLS1380’ and ‘Nagano’ at 4.7 kg/plant. Among the red cultivars, ‘HeraRed’ and ‘632’ performed decently in terms of marketable yields compared to the control cultivar ‘Nagano’. Yellow ‘719’ underperformed compared to ‘Allrounder’ but performed comparably to ‘WLS1380’. Orange ‘ARO-5’ showed a higher total yield than the control ‘DSP7054’, but it produced a significantly higher nonmarketable yield. There were significant differences in various growth parameters at the early developmental stage, but such differences did not correlate with the marketable yield. A partial correlation analysis of fruit traits revealed a strong positive correlation between fruit weight and the number of locules, whereas the sugar content and pericarp thickness had a strong negative correlation. These relationships among fruit traits could be utilized as indicators when evaluating fruit qualities.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raisa Aone Cabahug-Braza, My Khanh Thi Ha Tran, Ki-Byung Lim, Yoon-Jung Hwang
Succulent plants are in high demand in the floriculture industry owing to their peculiar leaf arrangement, water-efficient characteristics, and wide color variation. In particular, the succulent genus Echeveria is preferred by many plant collectors and hobbyists. Therefore, continuous breeding programs for these succulents are underway to produce novel cultivars with new features, leading to higher market prices. As opposed to conventional breeding, chemical mutagenesis can achieve this goal. The use of oryzalin, an anti-microtubule drug, is effective to induce plant mutations and less hazardous to human health. Thus, in earlier work, we explored the use of oryzalin to induce mutant Echeveria cultivars, specifically the ‘Brave’, ‘Momotarou’, and ‘Sistar’. Briefly, different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%) and dipping durations (3, 6, 9, and 12 h) of oryzalin were employed for chemical mutagenesis. Oryzalin produced Echeveria mutants with fewer, larger, darker, and thicker leaves compared to control plants. A stomatal analysis revealed that the mutants exhibited larger but fewer stomata and a lower epidermal cell density, consistent with polyploidization. Future studies involving chromosome counting and flow cytometry of putative oryzalin-induced mutants and their next generations are warranted to identify whether these alternations are reversible. Our findings will be useful for the mutation breeding of closely related ornamentals or other potted plants and development of new cultivars with novel traits.
{"title":"Phenotypic Evaluation and Nuclear DNA Content Analysis of Oryzalin-Induced Echeveria Mutant Cultivars","authors":"Raisa Aone Cabahug-Braza, My Khanh Thi Ha Tran, Ki-Byung Lim, Yoon-Jung Hwang","doi":"10.7235/hort.20230029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.20230029","url":null,"abstract":"Succulent plants are in high demand in the floriculture industry owing to their peculiar leaf arrangement, water-efficient characteristics, and wide color variation. In particular, the succulent genus Echeveria is preferred by many plant collectors and hobbyists. Therefore, continuous breeding programs for these succulents are underway to produce novel cultivars with new features, leading to higher market prices. As opposed to conventional breeding, chemical mutagenesis can achieve this goal. The use of oryzalin, an anti-microtubule drug, is effective to induce plant mutations and less hazardous to human health. Thus, in earlier work, we explored the use of oryzalin to induce mutant Echeveria cultivars, specifically the ‘Brave’, ‘Momotarou’, and ‘Sistar’. Briefly, different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%) and dipping durations (3, 6, 9, and 12 h) of oryzalin were employed for chemical mutagenesis. Oryzalin produced Echeveria mutants with fewer, larger, darker, and thicker leaves compared to control plants. A stomatal analysis revealed that the mutants exhibited larger but fewer stomata and a lower epidermal cell density, consistent with polyploidization. Future studies involving chromosome counting and flow cytometry of putative oryzalin-induced mutants and their next generations are warranted to identify whether these alternations are reversible. Our findings will be useful for the mutation breeding of closely related ornamentals or other potted plants and development of new cultivars with novel traits.","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"125 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136364405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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