Yoon-Jeong Jang, T. Sim, J. Ryu, Sun-Ju Rhee, Yongjae Kim, G. Lee
Genic male sterility (GMS) is an important trait for watermelon breeding programs to produce F1 hybrids without the laborious steps of emasculation and hand pollination; however, the inheritance of GMS and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the causal genomic region for GMS in watermelon and develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to the trait. Two inbred lines harboring a male sterility gene were crossed to generate F2 and near-isogenic line (NIL) populations for mapping loci and evaluating SNP markers. Our study showed that the inheritance of GMS was controlled by a single recessive gene following Mendelian inheritance models in the segregation population. We applied bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and Illumina whole-genome resequencing (BSA-seq) to identify a candidate causal genomic region for GMS at 8.9–13.0 Mb on chromosome (Chr.) 6. Next, we selected seven high-resolution melting (HRM) markers by retrieving 1-Mb genomic sequences around SNPs located within the causal genomic region. The identified polymorphic SNPs were tested via HRM analysis in the F2 population. By further narrowing the putative causal region, we identified a deleted and frameshifted gene, Cla97C06G117840, at Chr. 6. As a result, we developed allele-specific PCR and HRM markers, which completely cosegregated with the male-sterility phenotype of the F2 and NIL populations. Overall, our results will help effectively use GMS in watermelon breeding programs and accelerate the production process of F1 hybrids. Additional key words: delta-SNP-index, GMS, HRM, linkage marker, NGS
{"title":"Identification of a Candidate Locus and Development of a Molecular Marker for Male Sterility in Watermelon","authors":"Yoon-Jeong Jang, T. Sim, J. Ryu, Sun-Ju Rhee, Yongjae Kim, G. Lee","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210060","url":null,"abstract":"Genic male sterility (GMS) is an important trait for watermelon breeding programs to produce F1 hybrids without the laborious steps of emasculation and hand pollination; however, the inheritance of GMS and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the causal genomic region for GMS in watermelon and develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to the trait. Two inbred lines harboring a male sterility gene were crossed to generate F2 and near-isogenic line (NIL) populations for mapping loci and evaluating SNP markers. Our study showed that the inheritance of GMS was controlled by a single recessive gene following Mendelian inheritance models in the segregation population. We applied bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and Illumina whole-genome resequencing (BSA-seq) to identify a candidate causal genomic region for GMS at 8.9–13.0 Mb on chromosome (Chr.) 6. Next, we selected seven high-resolution melting (HRM) markers by retrieving 1-Mb genomic sequences around SNPs located within the causal genomic region. The identified polymorphic SNPs were tested via HRM analysis in the F2 population. By further narrowing the putative causal region, we identified a deleted and frameshifted gene, Cla97C06G117840, at Chr. 6. As a result, we developed allele-specific PCR and HRM markers, which completely cosegregated with the male-sterility phenotype of the F2 and NIL populations. Overall, our results will help effectively use GMS in watermelon breeding programs and accelerate the production process of F1 hybrids. Additional key words: delta-SNP-index, GMS, HRM, linkage marker, NGS","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47591093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kim, Ho Bang Kim, K. Park, J. Hyun, C. Choi, J. Joa, S. Jin, Eun-Sil Kim, S. Han
Lemon (Citrus limon), an interspecific hybrid between sour orange and citron, has been widely used as a rootstock along with trifoliate orange. Though lemons are superior to trifoliate orange in terms of their high seed germination rate throughout the year, one of the obstacles to using lemons as rootstocks is the lack of reliable, lemon-specific molecular markers to discriminate buds of the micro-grafted scion from those of the lemon rootstock. In order to obtain lemon-specific molecular markers, we compared the whole-plastid genomes available from four citrus species (lemon, pummelo, sweet orange, and mandarin) and developed seven plastid insertion/deletion (InDel) markers. The plastid InDel markers were applied to 46 citrus accessions that included lemons (17 accessions), grapefruit, mandarin, pummelo, sour orange, orange, papeda, tangor, and tangelo groups. The resulting dendrogram revealed that the citrus accessions used in this analysis could be distinctly classified into seven clusters. Lemons formed a separate cluster and had identical allele sizes for each InDel locus among all accessions investigated. This set of InDel markers could be a useful molecular tool for the rapid and clear discrimination of micro-grafted scions and lemon rootstocks during the production of virus-free citrus trees. The plastid InDel markers with maternal inheritance features can also be used to analyze the phylogenetic origin of various citrus cultivars including lemons. Additional key words: Citrus limon, genotyping, maternal inheritance, organelle genome, rootstock, scion
{"title":"Development of Plastid InDel Markers to Discriminate Lemons from Other Citrus Groups","authors":"S. Kim, Ho Bang Kim, K. Park, J. Hyun, C. Choi, J. Joa, S. Jin, Eun-Sil Kim, S. Han","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210057","url":null,"abstract":"Lemon (Citrus limon), an interspecific hybrid between sour orange and citron, has been widely used as a rootstock along with trifoliate orange. Though lemons are superior to trifoliate orange in terms of their high seed germination rate throughout the year, one of the obstacles to using lemons as rootstocks is the lack of reliable, lemon-specific molecular markers to discriminate buds of the micro-grafted scion from those of the lemon rootstock. In order to obtain lemon-specific molecular markers, we compared the whole-plastid genomes available from four citrus species (lemon, pummelo, sweet orange, and mandarin) and developed seven plastid insertion/deletion (InDel) markers. The plastid InDel markers were applied to 46 citrus accessions that included lemons (17 accessions), grapefruit, mandarin, pummelo, sour orange, orange, papeda, tangor, and tangelo groups. The resulting dendrogram revealed that the citrus accessions used in this analysis could be distinctly classified into seven clusters. Lemons formed a separate cluster and had identical allele sizes for each InDel locus among all accessions investigated. This set of InDel markers could be a useful molecular tool for the rapid and clear discrimination of micro-grafted scions and lemon rootstocks during the production of virus-free citrus trees. The plastid InDel markers with maternal inheritance features can also be used to analyze the phylogenetic origin of various citrus cultivars including lemons. Additional key words: Citrus limon, genotyping, maternal inheritance, organelle genome, rootstock, scion","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43953205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the optimal temperature and light conditions for the germination rate, energy, and vigor of Artemisia dubia to enable the plant’s cultivation in a factory system for year-round growth and harvest. Seeds of A. dubia were obtained at the cultivation site (Hampyeong) over a 3-year period and were stored at either low temperature (3°C) or room temperature, and germination experiments were conducted under controlled growth conditions. Seeds were immersed in 15 mL of distilled water in filter paper-lined Petri dishes, and germination was monitored over the next 8 days. We observed that the percentage germination was highest at 30°C (97.7%), followed by that at 25°C (97.5%) and 20°C (94.5%). Whereas differences in percentage germination at 25°C and 30°C were found to be non-significant, germination at these temperatures was found to be significantly higher than that at 20°C. The germination energy determined 3 days after sowing at 20, 25, and 30°C was 0%, 33.4%, and 93.7%, respectively, thereby further indicating that 30°C is the optimum temperature for A. dubia seed germination. In the low-temperature dormancy breaking experiment, we detected no statistically significant difference between the 3-month seed vernalization and non-treatment groups, thereby indicating that supplemental dormancy breaking treatment is unnecessary. In experiments investigating seed longevity, in which the germination vigor of seeds was determined when stored at room temperature (25-27°C) for 1-3 years, we recorded a germination vigor of 1.4% after storage for 3 years, thus indicating the extremely low viability of these seeds. By contrast, the seeds stored for 2 years and 1 year were characterized by vigor of 88% and 97%, respectively. On the basis of these observations, we performed a germination energy experiment on seeds stored for 1 year at room temperature (2527°C) or low temperature (3°C). We detected a significant difference in the percentage germination of seeds subjected to room temperature and low-temperature treatments (83.7% and 95.6%, respectively), thereby indicating that germination viability can be enhanced by optimizing the storage conditions. However, we observed no significant difference between the germination of seeds subjected to light and dark treatments, with high germination vigor being observed under both conditions. Thus, illumination does not appear to be an essential factor for the germination of A. dubia seeds. Additional key words: Asteraceae, light treatment, seed storage, seed vernalization, wormwood
{"title":"Germination Conditions of Artemisia dubia Seeds for Factory Cultivation","authors":"Mi-Ja Kim, I. Sim, Ae-Yeon Kim, Kyung-Jin Kang","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210054","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the optimal temperature and light conditions for the germination rate, energy, and vigor of Artemisia dubia to enable the plant’s cultivation in a factory system for year-round growth and harvest. Seeds of A. dubia were obtained at the cultivation site (Hampyeong) over a 3-year period and were stored at either low temperature (3°C) or room temperature, and germination experiments were conducted under controlled growth conditions. Seeds were immersed in 15 mL of distilled water in filter paper-lined Petri dishes, and germination was monitored over the next 8 days. We observed that the percentage germination was highest at 30°C (97.7%), followed by that at 25°C (97.5%) and 20°C (94.5%). Whereas differences in percentage germination at 25°C and 30°C were found to be non-significant, germination at these temperatures was found to be significantly higher than that at 20°C. The germination energy determined 3 days after sowing at 20, 25, and 30°C was 0%, 33.4%, and 93.7%, respectively, thereby further indicating that 30°C is the optimum temperature for A. dubia seed germination. In the low-temperature dormancy breaking experiment, we detected no statistically significant difference between the 3-month seed vernalization and non-treatment groups, thereby indicating that supplemental dormancy breaking treatment is unnecessary. In experiments investigating seed longevity, in which the germination vigor of seeds was determined when stored at room temperature (25-27°C) for 1-3 years, we recorded a germination vigor of 1.4% after storage for 3 years, thus indicating the extremely low viability of these seeds. By contrast, the seeds stored for 2 years and 1 year were characterized by vigor of 88% and 97%, respectively. On the basis of these observations, we performed a germination energy experiment on seeds stored for 1 year at room temperature (2527°C) or low temperature (3°C). We detected a significant difference in the percentage germination of seeds subjected to room temperature and low-temperature treatments (83.7% and 95.6%, respectively), thereby indicating that germination viability can be enhanced by optimizing the storage conditions. However, we observed no significant difference between the germination of seeds subjected to light and dark treatments, with high germination vigor being observed under both conditions. Thus, illumination does not appear to be an essential factor for the germination of A. dubia seeds. Additional key words: Asteraceae, light treatment, seed storage, seed vernalization, wormwood","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45851116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Wang, Dongyang Dai, Xia Wu, Y. Sheng, P. Ji, Dandan Li, Fan Zhang, Di Wang
The male sterile plants have higher heterosis in the production of hybrid seeds. The ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) gene has been demonstrated to be a candidate gene for ms-5. However, the genetic mechanism underlying AMS-mediated male sterility (MS) regulatory networks in melon (Cucumis melo L.) is still not clearly understood. In the present study, we used transcriptome sequencing analysis, yeast hybridization technology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and bioinformatics analyzed to systematically investigate the AMS-mediated MS regulatory networks in melon. A set of 15 proteins interacting with AMS, including the C. melo L. Zinc Ribbon protein 1 (CmZR1) gene, was identified using the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) system and further confirmed using the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. The interaction of the CmZR1 protein with the C. melo L. Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor 1 (CmPMEI1) protein was identified and further verified by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down technique. Bioinformatics analyzed the physical and chemical properties, gene structure, and kinship of the melon PMEI family. We proposed a partial regulatory network for melon MS in which the interaction of CmPMEI1 protein with CmZR1 protein regulates the expression of the AMS gene for pollen abortion. These findings provide important information for increasing the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the MS regulatory network in melon. Additional key words: bioinformatics analysis, gene-protein interaction, pectin methylesterase inhibitor, yeast system, zinc ribbon protein
{"title":"Genes Regulating the ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS)-Mediated Male Sterility Networks in Melon (Cucumis melo L.)","authors":"Ling Wang, Dongyang Dai, Xia Wu, Y. Sheng, P. Ji, Dandan Li, Fan Zhang, Di Wang","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210058","url":null,"abstract":"The male sterile plants have higher heterosis in the production of hybrid seeds. The ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) gene has been demonstrated to be a candidate gene for ms-5. However, the genetic mechanism underlying AMS-mediated male sterility (MS) regulatory networks in melon (Cucumis melo L.) is still not clearly understood. In the present study, we used transcriptome sequencing analysis, yeast hybridization technology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and bioinformatics analyzed to systematically investigate the AMS-mediated MS regulatory networks in melon. A set of 15 proteins interacting with AMS, including the C. melo L. Zinc Ribbon protein 1 (CmZR1) gene, was identified using the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) system and further confirmed using the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. The interaction of the CmZR1 protein with the C. melo L. Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor 1 (CmPMEI1) protein was identified and further verified by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down technique. Bioinformatics analyzed the physical and chemical properties, gene structure, and kinship of the melon PMEI family. We proposed a partial regulatory network for melon MS in which the interaction of CmPMEI1 protein with CmZR1 protein regulates the expression of the AMS gene for pollen abortion. These findings provide important information for increasing the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the MS regulatory network in melon. Additional key words: bioinformatics analysis, gene-protein interaction, pectin methylesterase inhibitor, yeast system, zinc ribbon protein","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44024848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Wang, Li Liu, Yu Shuyi, Tianshu Guan, Baihong Li, Qi Wang, Changyuan Liu
Pepper blight is the most significant soil-borne disease affecting the continuous cropping of peppers. To identify the effect of Phytophthora capsici infection on microbial flora, we isolated and counted the microorganisms collected from the rhizosphere soil of P. capsici-affected farms that continuously cropped pepper for 3, 6, and 9 years in Liaoning Province, China. The colony and cell morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria and actinomycetes were documented. In addition, colony and microscopic morphology of fungi and the rDNA-ITS sequence were analysed for classification. We observed that healthy and diseased peppers had the largest number of bacteria in the rhizosphere followed by actinomycetes and fungi. After infection, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased with a corresponding increase in the number of fungi, leading to a reduction in the ratio of bacteria/fungi to actinomycetes/fungi. We identified 15 dominant bacterial strains, of which Bacillus represented the most abundant genus consisting of 7 strains followed by Flavobacterium and Staphylococcus. Furthermore, 15 of the 17 actinomycetes strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Among the six fungal strains, we found P. infestans, Fusarium, and Penicillium consisting of two strains each. This study elucidated the impact of pathogenic P. capsici on the composition of soil microbes over time and characterized several cultivatable dominant bacterial groups, which can provide a basis for practical intervention strategies to improve soil conditions for continuous cropping. Additional key words: continuous cropping, dominant microorganism, microbial community, pepper, Phytophthora capsica
{"title":"Identification of Dominant Microbial Community and Diversity in Continuously Cropped Pepper Fields","authors":"Hui Wang, Li Liu, Yu Shuyi, Tianshu Guan, Baihong Li, Qi Wang, Changyuan Liu","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210039","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper blight is the most significant soil-borne disease affecting the continuous cropping of peppers. To identify the effect of Phytophthora capsici infection on microbial flora, we isolated and counted the microorganisms collected from the rhizosphere soil of P. capsici-affected farms that continuously cropped pepper for 3, 6, and 9 years in Liaoning Province, China. The colony and cell morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria and actinomycetes were documented. In addition, colony and microscopic morphology of fungi and the rDNA-ITS sequence were analysed for classification. We observed that healthy and diseased peppers had the largest number of bacteria in the rhizosphere followed by actinomycetes and fungi. After infection, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased with a corresponding increase in the number of fungi, leading to a reduction in the ratio of bacteria/fungi to actinomycetes/fungi. We identified 15 dominant bacterial strains, of which Bacillus represented the most abundant genus consisting of 7 strains followed by Flavobacterium and Staphylococcus. Furthermore, 15 of the 17 actinomycetes strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Among the six fungal strains, we found P. infestans, Fusarium, and Penicillium consisting of two strains each. This study elucidated the impact of pathogenic P. capsici on the composition of soil microbes over time and characterized several cultivatable dominant bacterial groups, which can provide a basis for practical intervention strategies to improve soil conditions for continuous cropping. Additional key words: continuous cropping, dominant microorganism, microbial community, pepper, Phytophthora capsica","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42302119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pinellia ternata is an important medicinal herb in Northeast Asia, but its propagation rate is quite low in nature. This study was performed to develop a simple and rapid micropropagation method for applying to a plant factory system. In the regeneration process for the sustainable production of in vitro leaf explants, callus induction and propagation from leaf explants of P. ternata were excellent in MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L -1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg·L -1 BA. The highest number of shoots (8.8 per callus) was regenerated from calluses cultured on a medium containing 2.0 mg·L -1 NAA and 0.2 mg·L -1 KIN. The callus proliferation with subsequent plant regeneration was achieved at the same time in regeneration medium, and the year-round production of in vitro leaf explants was possible in the regeneration cycle. The direct microtuberization from in vitro whole leaf explants was also achieved through the one-step culture without medium renewal. The highest frequency of microtuber formation (93.0%) as well as the highest number of microtubers per explant (6.1) was observed by one-step culture in MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L -1 NAA and 0.2 mg·L -1 BA. Thus, the direct microtuberization from in vitro leaf explants was successfully achieved by the one-step culture protocol without medium renewal from microtuber induction to harvest. The adequately dried microtubers were well grown like an artificial seed in the pot culture containing a commercial soil. Accordingly, the in vitro microtubers through one-step culture could be commercially used as seed tubers for a plant factory system. Additional key words: callus induction, growth regulators, plant regeneration, seed tubers, soil cultivation
{"title":"High-frequency Microtuberization by One-step Culture without Medium Renewal from Leaf Explants of Pinellia ternata, a Medicinal Plant","authors":"Jeong Ho Ahn, Seung Yeob Lee","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210044","url":null,"abstract":"Pinellia ternata is an important medicinal herb in Northeast Asia, but its propagation rate is quite low in nature. This study was performed to develop a simple and rapid micropropagation method for applying to a plant factory system. In the regeneration process for the sustainable production of in vitro leaf explants, callus induction and propagation from leaf explants of P. ternata were excellent in MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L -1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg·L -1 BA. The highest number of shoots (8.8 per callus) was regenerated from calluses cultured on a medium containing 2.0 mg·L -1 NAA and 0.2 mg·L -1 KIN. The callus proliferation with subsequent plant regeneration was achieved at the same time in regeneration medium, and the year-round production of in vitro leaf explants was possible in the regeneration cycle. The direct microtuberization from in vitro whole leaf explants was also achieved through the one-step culture without medium renewal. The highest frequency of microtuber formation (93.0%) as well as the highest number of microtubers per explant (6.1) was observed by one-step culture in MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L -1 NAA and 0.2 mg·L -1 BA. Thus, the direct microtuberization from in vitro leaf explants was successfully achieved by the one-step culture protocol without medium renewal from microtuber induction to harvest. The adequately dried microtubers were well grown like an artificial seed in the pot culture containing a commercial soil. Accordingly, the in vitro microtubers through one-step culture could be commercially used as seed tubers for a plant factory system. Additional key words: callus induction, growth regulators, plant regeneration, seed tubers, soil cultivation","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48194941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José A Hernández-Díaz, J. J. O. Garza-García, Víctor García-Gaytán, J. León-Morales, A. Zamudio-Ojeda, S. García-Morales
In this study, the effects of different concentrations of vanadium (V), selenium (Se), cerium (Ce), and iodine (I) on the growth parameters, biomass accumulation, and content of photosynthetic pigments during the seedling stage of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) were evaluated. The beneficial elements V (3, 5, or 10 μM), Se (5, 10, or 20 μM), Ce (25, 50, or 100 μM), and I (5 or 10 μM) were applied once a week along with 50% Hoagland nutritive solution. Four applications were applied to the roots. Doses of 5 μM V and 50 μM Ce improved plant height, while 5 μM I promoted root growth. Leaf area and number of leaves increased with the application of 20 μM Se and 5 μM I, respectively. High concentrations of Se and Ce improved leaf dry weight, while 10 μM V increased the photosynthetic pigment content. The application of these elements contributed to the development and production of marigold seedlings during nursery growth. Additional key words: cerium, iodine, marigold, selenite, vanadium
{"title":"Beneficial Elements Improve the Growth, Biomass Production, and Photosynthetic Pigments of Calendula officinalis L. Seedlings","authors":"José A Hernández-Díaz, J. J. O. Garza-García, Víctor García-Gaytán, J. León-Morales, A. Zamudio-Ojeda, S. García-Morales","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210037","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of different concentrations of vanadium (V), selenium (Se), cerium (Ce), and iodine (I) on the growth parameters, biomass accumulation, and content of photosynthetic pigments during the seedling stage of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) were evaluated. The beneficial elements V (3, 5, or 10 μM), Se (5, 10, or 20 μM), Ce (25, 50, or 100 μM), and I (5 or 10 μM) were applied once a week along with 50% Hoagland nutritive solution. Four applications were applied to the roots. Doses of 5 μM V and 50 μM Ce improved plant height, while 5 μM I promoted root growth. Leaf area and number of leaves increased with the application of 20 μM Se and 5 μM I, respectively. High concentrations of Se and Ce improved leaf dry weight, while 10 μM V increased the photosynthetic pigment content. The application of these elements contributed to the development and production of marigold seedlings during nursery growth. Additional key words: cerium, iodine, marigold, selenite, vanadium","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46178127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong Hyuk Kim, J. Nam, Min Ju Lee, H. Jeong, I. Rho
This study developed an antimicrobial paper against major putrefactive pathogens in strawberry through integrating Rubus coreanus leaf extract and silver nitrate (AgNO3). The R. coreanus extract and silver nitrate were synthesized and then assayed by spectrophotometry. A peak was found around 400 nm, the wavelength of silver particle absorption. Synthesis of R. coreanus extract-silver nitrate was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that R. coreanus extract was combined with round nanosilver particles 100 nm or smaller, along with some triangular, polygon, and stick forms. Nanosilver synthesis was developed using the R. coreanus extract as a reducing agent and then the developed antimicrobial paper was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanosilver particles of nanometer level were also found in the antimicrobial paper. Ag was found to be evenly distributed through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and R. coreanus extract was also contained in the antimicrobial paper. The developed antimicrobial paper showed antimicrobial effects against all three putrefactive pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria tenuissima, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Compared with general paper, the antimicrobial paper also minimally changed postharvest strawberry weight and hardness, helping to maintain fruit quality and lengthen the storage period. Additional key words: fruit quality, natural extracts, postharvest, putrefactive microorganisms, silver nitrate
{"title":"Development of Antimicrobial Paper with Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Rubus coreanus Leaf Extract to Extend the Storage Period for Strawberry","authors":"Jong Hyuk Kim, J. Nam, Min Ju Lee, H. Jeong, I. Rho","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210041","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed an antimicrobial paper against major putrefactive pathogens in strawberry through integrating Rubus coreanus leaf extract and silver nitrate (AgNO3). The R. coreanus extract and silver nitrate were synthesized and then assayed by spectrophotometry. A peak was found around 400 nm, the wavelength of silver particle absorption. Synthesis of R. coreanus extract-silver nitrate was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that R. coreanus extract was combined with round nanosilver particles 100 nm or smaller, along with some triangular, polygon, and stick forms. Nanosilver synthesis was developed using the R. coreanus extract as a reducing agent and then the developed antimicrobial paper was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanosilver particles of nanometer level were also found in the antimicrobial paper. Ag was found to be evenly distributed through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and R. coreanus extract was also contained in the antimicrobial paper. The developed antimicrobial paper showed antimicrobial effects against all three putrefactive pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria tenuissima, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Compared with general paper, the antimicrobial paper also minimally changed postharvest strawberry weight and hardness, helping to maintain fruit quality and lengthen the storage period. Additional key words: fruit quality, natural extracts, postharvest, putrefactive microorganisms, silver nitrate","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45092306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nam Hyun Im, Hyeon-Woo Kang, Jun Seo Mun, Hyo Beom Lee, S. An, Ki Sun Kim
This study was conducted to investigate the photoperiodic flowering response of Elsholtzia angustifolia. Plants were grown under 9/15 h (day/night) (short day, SD), 16/8 h (long day, LD), and night interruption (NI, 4 h around midnight) conditions. Supplemental lighting with a light intensity of 4 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 was applied for the LD and NI treatments. Plants under continuous SD conditions developed the first floral bud at 5 weeks after sowing during the seedling stage and showed 100% flowering at 9 weeks. Under continuous LD and NI conditions, there was no flowering, and plants continued vegetative growth only. Early flowering under continuous SD conditions showed a small number of flowers. It was not desirable for marketable potted plant production, indicating that there is a need for a certain period of vegetative growth before flowering. Among plants under LD and NI conditions, transfer to SD conditions was performed at 3 or 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) to manipulate the flowering time. The percent flowering was 100% when plants were transferred to SDs. On average, there were approximately 36 days to flowering from transfer to SD conditions at 3 and 6 WAT, and there was no significant difference between the photoperiod and transfer treatments. The number of inflorescences significantly increased as the transfer date was delayed. The number of leaves and branches was also significantly increased by the delayed transfer date. These results indicate that E. angustifolia is an obligate SD plant and that non-forcing conditions, such as LD or NI, effectively inhibit early flowering. Additional key words: floral induction, inductive photoperiod, night break, photoperiodism, qualitative short-day plants
{"title":"Flowering Control of Elsholtzia angustifolia (Loes.) Kitag., a Short-Day Plant","authors":"Nam Hyun Im, Hyeon-Woo Kang, Jun Seo Mun, Hyo Beom Lee, S. An, Ki Sun Kim","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210038","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the photoperiodic flowering response of Elsholtzia angustifolia. Plants were grown under 9/15 h (day/night) (short day, SD), 16/8 h (long day, LD), and night interruption (NI, 4 h around midnight) conditions. Supplemental lighting with a light intensity of 4 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 was applied for the LD and NI treatments. Plants under continuous SD conditions developed the first floral bud at 5 weeks after sowing during the seedling stage and showed 100% flowering at 9 weeks. Under continuous LD and NI conditions, there was no flowering, and plants continued vegetative growth only. Early flowering under continuous SD conditions showed a small number of flowers. It was not desirable for marketable potted plant production, indicating that there is a need for a certain period of vegetative growth before flowering. Among plants under LD and NI conditions, transfer to SD conditions was performed at 3 or 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) to manipulate the flowering time. The percent flowering was 100% when plants were transferred to SDs. On average, there were approximately 36 days to flowering from transfer to SD conditions at 3 and 6 WAT, and there was no significant difference between the photoperiod and transfer treatments. The number of inflorescences significantly increased as the transfer date was delayed. The number of leaves and branches was also significantly increased by the delayed transfer date. These results indicate that E. angustifolia is an obligate SD plant and that non-forcing conditions, such as LD or NI, effectively inhibit early flowering. Additional key words: floral induction, inductive photoperiod, night break, photoperiodism, qualitative short-day plants","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49300296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a large fluctuation in the production and price of garlic (Allium sativum L.) because it is grown mainly in the open field and is vulnerable to weather conditions. Accurate forecasting is needed to manage production. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of production forecasting by developing a model that estimates the weight of garlic bulbs at harvest based on growth and meteorological data. For this study, a two-level multilevel model was used to reflect the hierarchical data characteristics consisting of individual unit data that represented the above-ground growth conditions at the end of April and the lot unit data that represented the meteorological conditions from the end of April to harvest time. It was determined that the weight of the garlic bulb increased as the growth of the sheath diameter and the plant height increased at the end of April. As for the meteorological factors, it was estimated that precipitation had negative effects on the garlic bulb weight, while the pre-harvest precipitation, duration of sunshine, evapotranspiration, and the optimal temperature days had positive effects on the weight. Additional key words: Allium sativum L., fixed effect, growth observation survey, hierarchical data, supply-demand management
{"title":"Estimation of Garlic’s Bulb Weight at Harvest Using a Multi-level Model Based on Growth and Meteorological Data","authors":"S. Choi, Jun Hong Kim, Hongseok Seo","doi":"10.7235/HORT.20210047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210047","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large fluctuation in the production and price of garlic (Allium sativum L.) because it is grown mainly in the open field and is vulnerable to weather conditions. Accurate forecasting is needed to manage production. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of production forecasting by developing a model that estimates the weight of garlic bulbs at harvest based on growth and meteorological data. For this study, a two-level multilevel model was used to reflect the hierarchical data characteristics consisting of individual unit data that represented the above-ground growth conditions at the end of April and the lot unit data that represented the meteorological conditions from the end of April to harvest time. It was determined that the weight of the garlic bulb increased as the growth of the sheath diameter and the plant height increased at the end of April. As for the meteorological factors, it was estimated that precipitation had negative effects on the garlic bulb weight, while the pre-harvest precipitation, duration of sunshine, evapotranspiration, and the optimal temperature days had positive effects on the weight. Additional key words: Allium sativum L., fixed effect, growth observation survey, hierarchical data, supply-demand management","PeriodicalId":17858,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41697738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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