Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

Cutaneous aging is characterized by gradual structural and functional alterations, including collagen breakdown and reduced elasticity. In recent years, several energy-based modalities have been introduced to address these changes. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 675 nm laser and microfocused ultrasound (MFU), applied individually or in combination, for the treatment of facial aging. This retrospective analysis included 115 patients, allocated into three groups: Group A (675 nm laser), Group B (MFU), and Group C (combined protocol). Efficacy was evaluated through the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (FWS), the Baker Gravitational Ptosis Classification (BGP), and standardized photographic assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months following treatment. At the 6-month evaluation, individuals treated with the combined protocol exhibited a more pronounced improvement in wrinkle reduction (FWS: from 1.88 to 1.13) and laxity reduction (BGP: from 2.78 to 1.55) compared with either single-treatment group. No major side effects were observed. The combined application of the 675 nm laser and MFU appears to potentiate collagen remodeling and skin tightening more effectively than monotherapy. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results and further clarify the molecular pathways involved.

Several parameters influence the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in improving skin flap viability, yet the role of the number of treatment sessions remains underexplored. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different numbers of laser PBMT sessions on skin flap viability. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: G1 (PBMT simulation), G2 (PBMT for 2 consecutive days), G3 (PBMT for 5 days), and G4 (PBMT for 7 consecutive days). Treatment began immediately after surgery with the following parameters: GaAlAs diode laser, 660 nm wavelength, continuous mode, spot size of 0.04 cm² (probe in contact with the skin), 90 J/cm² fluence, 40 mW output power, 90 s application time, and 3.6 J of energy per point with irradiation at three points and 24-hour intervals between sessions according to each group's protocol. On the 7th postoperative day, tissue was collected from the irradiated area for analysis of necrotic area, vessel and mast cell morphometry and immunohistochemistry for angiogenesis markers. G2 showed the smallest necrotic area and a higher percentage of VEGF- and HIF-1α-positive cells compared to G1. Short PBMT protocols improved flap viability versus controls and produced outcomes comparable to extended regimens, supporting relevance for translational research.

This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) on anxiety levels and vital signs in patients undergoing third molar extraction. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 26 patients who underwent mandibular third molar extraction. Participants were allocated to either the placebo group (n = 13) or the ILIB group (n = 13). ILIB was applied via transcutaneous over the radial artery for 30 min before the surgical procedure. Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y, state subscale) at baseline and four minutes after local anesthesia. Vital signs, including heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, were also recorded at these two time points. There was no significant difference in anxiety status between the ILIB and placebo groups. However, the ILIB group demonstrated a statistically significant HR stability after local anesthesia compared to the placebo group. All parameters remained within normal limits throughout the procedure. Despite its pilot nature and small sample size, this study indicates that ILIB is feasible in routine clinical practice. Although it did not reduce anxiety compared to a placebo, ILIB helped stabilize HR after local anesthesia, suggesting a potential physiological benefit. Further research is needed to assess its clinical relevance, especially in patients with severe anxiety or systemic conditions. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry - REBEC no. RBR-9ycg67p. Registration, March 10^th, 2023.

To explore the effect of manual linear array technology (MLAT) of ultra-pulsed CO₂ laser on keloids:a randomized self-control clinical trial 20 patients with 80 keloids in the outpatient department of dermatology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were recruited for a randomized self-control study. Some skin lesions were randomly selected as observation lesions by MLAT of ultra-pulsed CO₂ laser, and the other skin lesions with similar size were selected as control lesions by manual fiction technology (MFT) in the same patient. Comparison of the effects between the two treatment methods was performed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score between the two methods was analyzed by two sample t-test and paired sample t-test. remarked effective rate in the observation lesions was 82.5% higher than that 57.5% in the control lesions (χ2 = 6.975),which has statistical difference (P= 0.008). The recurrence rate in the observation lesions was 2.5% lower than that 15.0% in the control lesions (χ2 = 5.563), which has statistical difference (P= 0.018). The VSS score of the observation lesions was 2.45± 1.22 lower than that 4.80± 1.68 of the control lesions (t= 7.155) after the treatment, which has statistically significant（P=0.000）. The difference of the VSS score between before and after treatment in observation lesions was 9.70± 2.15 higher than that 7.83± 2.24 in the control lesions (t= 3.818), which has statistically significant (P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two methods (χ2 =0.157,P=0.692). MALT is effective in the treatment of keloids, which may be worthy of clinical reference or application.

To evaluate the cutting accuracy and thermal damage in oral soft tissue using different cutting techniques. Sixty specimens of sheep oral mucosa tissue, with the dimensions of 2.0 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width were prepared and divided into six groups (n = 10) representing different cutting technique. Incisions were made by sectioning each specimen using the 2000 nm continuous-wave (CW) silica based thulium-doped fibre (TDF) laser (Group A), the 1550 nm CW silica based Erbium/Ytterbium-doped fibre (EYDF) laser (Group B), electrosurgery (Group C), 980 nm diode laser (Group D), 2000 nm ultrashort-pulsed (USP) silica based TDF laser (Group E), and the scalpel (Group F or control group). Each specimen was measured for average roughness value (Ra) and thermal damage, reported as mean and standard deviation. A one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's HSD test was performed to determine significant differences among six groups, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Among the energy-based groups, the 2000 nm USP silica based TDF laser (Group E) exhibited the lowest Ra (1.22 ± 0.71 μm) and minimal thermal damage (9.85 ± 4.01%). In contrast, the highest Ra (4.82 ± 1.36 μm) was observed in the electrosurgery (Group C), while the highest thermal damage (16.73 ± 4.57%) was recorded in the 1550 nm CW silica based EYDF laser (Group B). One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences among the groups in both average roughness (F = 45.45, p < 0.001) and thermal damage (F = 11.84, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that the 2000 nm USP silica based TDF laser offers superior cutting accuracy with minimal impact of thermal damage, supporting its potential adoption into clinical protocols for oral soft tissue surgery.

This study systematically reviewed the effect of photon induced Photo-Acoustic Streaming (PIPS), compared to Conventional Syringe Irrigation (CSI), on the removal of smear layer and/or debris from root canals. Searches and screening were conducted by two independent reviewers in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE up to August 2025. Eligible studies were in vitro investigations on extracted human teeth evaluating smear layer and/or debris removal using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A descriptive analysis was performed, and the quality of the studies was assessed by an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Of 911 screened studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. PIPS generally showed superior smear layer removal compared with CSI. One study attributed the effect to 20% EDTA rather than the activation technique. Regardless of the irrigant used (distilled water, saline, NaOCl or EDTA), PIPS enhanced smear layer reduction. Removal was more effective in the cervical and middle root thirds than in the apical third. Risk of bias assessment classified 9 articles as medium, 4 as high and 1 as low risk. PIPS appears more effective than CSI in reducing smear layer on root canal walls and can be considered an alternative irrigant activation method. However, heterogeneity among studies limits direct comparisons, highlighting the need for standardized experimental protocols to clarify the effectiveness of PIPS and other techniques. Enhancing smear layer and/or debris removal is critical for disinfection and sealing in endodontics. PIPS shows potential to improve root canal cleanliness compared with CSI.

Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a noninvasive method for decreasing fat without surgery. It functions by breaking down fat cells, resulting in a noticeable reduction in body circumference. This study aimed to assess the effects of LLLT in reducing body circumferences.

Methods: A search of four databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) up to September 30, 2025, identified three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria, in which the outcome was the reduction in body circumferences measured by tape. Quality assessment was done using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2).

Results: The trials included 160 participants and found that LLLT significantly lowered waist circumference by 2.48 cm compared with 0.635 cm in controls. Follow-up assessments performed 2 weeks post-intervention in two studies confirmed sustained improvements. Moreover, in two studies, hip circumference decreased by 4.09 cm versus 0.86 cm in controls, an effects size of -2.2 cm (mean difference = 2.7 cm). Effect size on waist circumference was - 1.9 cm indicating an average decrease in measurement by1.9 cm (mean difference = 2.5 cm). Reduction was also observed in the abdomen and thigh circumferences. Effect sizes across the RCTs ranged from - 0.4 cm to -8.7 cm (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: LLLT promises to achieve localized fat reduction with minimal adverse effects and high patient satisfaction. However, varying treatment protocols and follow-up durations make it challenging to determine optimal parameters and long-term efficacy.

Registration number: CRD42025645438. 19 September 2025.

This study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of transurethral blue laser prostate vaporization (BVP) for elderly patients (≥80 years) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), focusing on clinical outcomes, recovery, and complications. A retrospective analysis was performed on 157 BPH patients aged ≥ 80 years who underwent BVP at a single center between May 2023 and May 2025. The patients' general condition was assessed through comorbidities and concurrent surgeries, postoperative outcomes were evaluated through the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and surgical safety was evaluated based on operative time and postoperative blood tests. The mean age was 83.97 ± 3.63 years, with an average prostate volume of 63.34 ± 34.95 ml. Patients had an average of 2.5 comorbidities, and 26.1% required additional surgical interventions. The average procedure time was 28.2 ± 12.1 min, with a median hospital stay of 9 days. Postoperative IPSS scores decreased significantly to 4.3 ± 3.5. Mild red blood cell loss (hemoglobin decreased by 6.1%, p < 0.001) and a significant inflammatory response (neutrophils increased by 26.5%, p < 0.001) were observed, but no transfusion was needed. Transurethral blue laser prostate vaporization is a safe and effective option for elderly BPH patients with multiple comorbidities, offering significant symptom improvement with minimal postoperative complications.