Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

Although laser irradiation is becoming a common practice in medicine and is now considered a preferred therapy for many challenging pain management issues, there is no clear understanding of its side effects on physiological and histological parameters. The current study aimed to determine the safety of home laser irradiation on liver and kidney tissues. Male Swiss albino rats were purchased from the Department of Biology at Thi-Qar University. The rats were randomly divided into two equivalent groups, each containing six rats: a control group that was left unexposed and a second group that was exposed to six pulses of radiation per day (with a pulse duration of 2-3 milliseconds) for two weeks. The results of the current study did not show any changes in the kidney and liver tissues of the group treated with the laser. We concluded that using a home laser has no effect on kidney and liver tissues.

This study explores the dose-dependent effects of 660-nm and 808-nm photobiomodulation (PBM) on mitochondrial oxygen respiration rate activity in MG-63 osteoblast cells using an innovative 3D in vitro spheroid model. MG-63 osteoblast cells were grown to 80% confluence and seeded in fish gelatin hydrogel (LunaGel™) to form 3D spheroids within 3-7 days. Spheroids were seeded on Seahorse microplates and incubated in a LunacrossLinker™ (visible light crosslinking system) for 2 min to give hydrogel a mid-stiffness of 3.5 kPa. Cells were exposed to PBM either 660-nm or 808-nm at panel setting of 5 J/cm² and 15 J/cm² and then assessed immediate (15 min before analysing) and 24 h time points. Mitochondrial activity was determined using an XFe96 Seahorse analyzer. Data distribution was assessed, and parametric or non-parametric tests and compared the mitochondrial respiratory capacity across different experimental conditions. The study indicated that 660-nm and 808-nm PBM could modulate mitochondrial functions in osteoblasts. The maximal respiratory rate for the fluency assessed at 808-nm wavelength was increased when cells were assessed immediate post. Interestingly, the 660-nm PBM-treated cells showed a decrease in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at the basal and maximal bioenergetic state at all time points (immediate and 24 h.) and fluency compared to the untreated control. The effects of 660-nm and 808-nm wavelengths on osteoblast mitochondrial function suggest that PBM demonstrates differential modulation of osteoblast metabolism and bioenergetics depending on the wavelength. These findings have practical implications in both research and clinical settings, offering insights into selecting specific wavelengths for therapeutic applications.

Stem cells (SC) based therapies are proving to be the mainstay of regenerative medicine. Despite the significant potential, direct grafting or implantation of SCs for regenerative therapy encounters various translational roadblocks such as paucity of implantable cells, decreased potency, cell death post-implantation, cell damage caused by the pre-existing inflammation and immune rejection. Hence, an emerging avenue is cell-free approach; use of SC secretome. Although priming approaches based on pharmacological molecules/chemicals, cytokines and growth factors are being explored to elicit enhanced secretome production, the potential concerns include the need for continuous replenishment and potential chemical contamination during secretome isolation. To alleviate these concerns, various non-pharmacological approaches for invigorating SCs are also being investigated and among these, use of photobiomodulation (PBM) has garnered considerable interest. Notwithstanding the positive outcomes, standardized parameters are yet to be established for reproducible results. Moreover, the mechanisms of PBM based SC stimulation and secretome production are poorly elucidated and significant knowledge gaps exist on influence of cell type, culture conditions on PBM. This review aims to provide insight into the current status of this emerging field emphasizing on novel avenues and potential challenges for clinical translation. We also summarize the studies on PBM based proliferation, differentiation and secretome production according to SC cell type and culture conditions. Further, as a fixed PBM based protocol for SC proliferation, differentiation and secretome is lacking, the knowledge on functional targets and pathways in PBM based SC stimulation needs upgradation. Consequently, putative mechanisms for PBM based SC secretome have been proposed.

Laser technology has affected the field of Periodontology in many ways. They help to manage periodontal disease. This investigation aimed to compare the clinical results of diode laser in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP) and SRP alone in treating periodontal pockets in Periodontitis patients. This randomized controlled clinical research utilized a split-mouth approach. It included 25 patients (11 females and 14 males, aged 20 to 65) presenting a moderate periodontal pocket with depths of 4-7 mm on both the right and left sides of the mouth. Two groups were utilized: the control group (SRP alone) on the right side of the mouth and the experimental group (SRP in conjunction with diode laser) on the left side of the mouth. The intervention comprised a single session of scaling and root planing (SRP) accompanied by 10-second administrations of a dual-wavelength diode laser Working within the wavelength range 810-980 nm on the left side. In contrast, the contralateral side received SRP only. Probing Pocket Depth, clinical attachment loss, Plaque Index, and Bleeding on Probing Index were assessed at baseline, 1.5 months, and 3 months post-treatment. The results indicate that both therapies enhanced periodontal parameters at 1.5 and 3 months compared to the baseline. SRP + diode laser, on the other hand, demonstrated a substantial enhancement in probing depth.(PD;4.92 ± 0.65-3.82 ± 0.87-3.55 ± 0.80 vs. 4.95 ± 0.67-4.14 ± 0.93-3.90 ± 0.93, p < 0.001) and BOP%(100.0%-43.2%-34.80% vs. 100.0%-54.8%-44.0%, P < 0.05) in contrast to SRP alone. No substantial differences were detected in CAL and plaque percentages between treatment groups (P > 0.05) at 1.5 and 3 months post-treatment. Conclusions indicate that within the limit of this study, the integration of scaling and root planing (SRP) with diode laser therapy resulted in a significant reduction in moderate periodontal pocket depth and bleeding on probing over the 3-month trial period in patients with Periodontitis.

Microfocused ultrasound (MFU) is a noninvasive treatment method that is widely used for skin tightening. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel MFU device for temporary eyebrow lifting and glabellar wrinkle reduction. In this prospective, single-center, single-arm, and open-label study, 38 patients were enrolled. Each patient was treated with MFU at the forehead and lateral eye areas. The treatment efficacy was measured at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 by calculating the average eyebrow height (AEH), maximal eyebrow height (MEH), patient satisfaction score, and glabellar Line Scale (GLS) score. Moreover, adverse events were recorded. The AEH was elevated with a mean difference of 1.99 mm at week 4 and remained elevated at week 16 with a mean difference of 1.57 mm. (P < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the mean MEH increased by 2.21 mm at week 4 and by 1.63 mm at week 16 (P < 0.0001, respectively). Glabellar wrinkles were temporarily alleviated in some patients, with 71.05% of patients showing an improvement of one point or more in their GLS score at week 4. No serious adverse events were reported. MFU is an effective and safe treatment for temporary eyebrow lifting and glabellar wrinkle reduction.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the therapeutics effects of photobiomodulation and high intensity laser therapy after a sciatic nerve crush injury. Following the crush injuries of sciatic nerve, 33 rats were randomly divided into three groups. The injured sciatic nerves of the rats in the control group were left to heal spontaneously, whereas HILT (120 J/session and 1064 nm) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) (2.4 J/session and 650 nm) were started immediately after surgery and performed once every 3 days (10 session in total) during the postoperative period. Electrophysiological evaluations were conducted before surgery and at the end of the healing period. The Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was assessed before surgery and at the end of the healing period. The ratio of the inner axonal diameter to the total outer axonal diameter (g-ratio) and schwann cells per square micrometer were histomorphometrically evaluated. At the end of the 30-day healing period, significantly better SFI scores were noted in the HILT group compared with PBM (p=0.002) and control (p < 0.001) groups. HILT exhibited positive effects on latency and duration values when compared PBM (p=0.002, p=0.014) and control (p=0.003, p < 0.001) groups. The number of nerves with an optimum g-ratio was higher in the HILT group which indicates a better rate of myelination. Functional, histomorphometric, and electrophysiological investigations of the present study revealed that HILT seems to be a superior treatment modality for peripheral nerve regeneration.

To compare the push-out bond strength of adhesive resin cement and glass fiber posts (GFP) at different root levels after exposure to Er: YAG laser irradiation compared to other conventional surface treatment procedures. A total of 24 mandibular premolars were decoronated, root canal treatment was done, post spaces were prepared, and roots were mounted in acrylic resin blocks. Fiber posts were divided into four groups (n = 6) according to surface treatment methods: (1) silane only (control group), (2) Er: YAG laser 1.5 W + silane, (3) 30% hydrogen peroxide + silane, (4) sandblasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide particles + silane. GFP were cemented using self-adhesive resin cement. Scanning electron microscope images with 500x magnification were taken for all groups. Push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine at different root levels. The difference between groups was statistically significant with laser group recording the highest mean ± SD value of push-out bond strength (5.668042 ± 1.16 MPa), followed by the H2O2 group, then the control group, meanwhile the lowest value was recorded with Sand-blasting group. There were no statistically significant differences between the Control group and Er: YAG group; Control group and sandblasted group. The difference between the radicular regions was not statistically significant, with the middle region recorded the highest push-out bond strength (4.746851 ± 0.73 MPa). GPF surface treatment using an Er: YAG laser is effective as it increases the retention to resin cement, while sandblasting decreases fiber post retention to resin cement. The hydrogen peroxide and the control groups give similar bond strength. The middle and apical regions of GFP have better retention to resin cement than the coronal one.

Radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) is a commonly used fractional device to treat skin laxity and rhytids. Several studies investigated its histological and clinical effects. However, the role of the applied energy per needle (EPN) and total energy in the outcome remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to analyze the correlation between applied energy and resulting histological and clinical volume effects of RFMN treatment for skin rejuvenation. Ex vivo porcine skin was treated with a RFMN system equipped with insulated needles. Histological measurements of coagulation volumes were correlated with the delivered EPN, ranging from 20 mJ to 100 mJ. For the clinical investigation, a cohort of patients received treatment on the lower face and submental area. Absolute volume changes were calculated using computer-aided three-dimensional analysis. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients r were determined. Histologic analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between EPN and coagulation volume (r = 0.976; p < 0.005). A total of 30 patients, with a mean age of 55.9 ± 8.7 years, were recruited and received 1.7 ± 0.8 sessions (1-3) with a total energy of 1518.2 ± 784.1 J. Three-dimensional imaging revealed a strong logistic correlation with the total energy applied across all sessions (r = 0.676; p < 0.001). Analysis showed a positive association between the number of sessions and volume change. Study findings indicate a very strong and strong correlation between the applied energy and the resulting histological and clinical outcome in RFMN treatment, respectively. The introduction of coagulation volume as a matrix in RFMN treatments enables medical doctors to tailor and adjust treatment plan to the individual patient.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 405 nm laser and two photosensitizers derived from silver nanoparticles, red onion extract, and shallot peel extract, comparing their effectiveness against Candida albicans. Candida albicans causes candidiasis, which requires effective, chemical-free treatment methods. PDT offers promise in this regard. The samples were divided into four groups: B1 (silver nanoparticles from red onion extract at concentrations of 1 mM, 1.5 mM, and 2 mM), A1 and A2 (fungus samples irradiated with a 405 nm laser at varying times and concentrations), and B2 (silver nanoparticles from shallot peel extract at the same concentrations). After each photosensitizer exposure, the fungi were subjected to radiation for 90-180 s. Following incubation, optical density (OD) was measured, and Tukey's Post Hoc Test (p < 0.05) and Two-Way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Silver nanoparticles from shallot and red onion peel extracts and 405 nm laser radiation dramatically decreased the viability of Candida albicans compared to controls. After 180 s of radiation, red onion extract nanoparticles showed reductions of 50.92% to 64.55%, and shallot peel extract nanoparticles showed reductions of 47.37% to 70.71%. Using an energy density of 3.44 J/cm², red onion and shallot peel extract nanoparticles effectively deactivated C. albicans, with red onion extract achieving up to 70.71% ± 1.99% reduction. The study highlights the potential of PDT with silver nanoparticles as an alternative treatment for Candida infections.