Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

This study evaluated the photoactivation of hydrogen peroxide gels at different concentrations using blue or violet LED in terms of whitening efficacy and tooth sensitivity. Forty patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: HP6V (violet LED and 6% hydrogen peroxide), HP6B (blue LED and 6% hydrogen peroxide), HP35V (violet LED and 35% hydrogen peroxide), and HP35B (blue LED and 35% hydrogen peroxide). The L*, a* and b* values were measured before, 1 week and 3 months after treatment, and the ΔE and ΔW_ID values were calculated. Tooth sensitivity was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before, immediately after, and 24 h after bleaching. The ΔE, ΔW_ID and bleaching sensitivity values were subjected to the ANOVA test and Bonferroni post-test. HP35V and HP35B showed higher whitening efficacy than HP6VL, while HP6V did not show statistical differences compared to the other groups. Regarding bleaching-related sensitivity, the HP6V and HP6B groups presented the lowest values when compared to HP35V and HP35B. HP6V showed whitening efficacy comparable to HP35V and HP35B but with reduced tooth sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06165458; registration date: 12/09/2023.

Laser therapy has been widely used to treat port-wine stains (PWS) and other cutaneous vascular lesions via selective photothermolysis. Animal models are a valuable tool for investigating thermal responses beneath the skin. However, in previous animal experiments, such as the dorsal skin chamber model, one side of the skin was removed, resulting in the loss of mechanical support for the target blood vessel. In this study, the optical clearing technique was applied to the dorsal skin, allowing direct observation of real thermal responses within the tissue without removing the covering skin. The target blood vessels were irradiated with a pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser. The corresponding thermal responses were recorded using a CCD camera. Additionally, variations in skin reflectance spectra were measured before and after laser irradiation. Due to the optical clearing and reflectance spectra measurement, vessel responses such as contraction, reperfusion, and full occlusion were correlated with specific variation patterns in reflectance spectral signals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative properties of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on gingival fibroblasts obtained from calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Gingival fibroblasts of patients with GO were compared to healthy gingival fibroblasts (H). Both cells were exposed to LLLT (685 nm wavelength, 25mW power, diode laser) and compared to those not treated with LLLT. Cell proliferation and viability were measured with MTT assay at baseline and after 24 and 72 h. TGF-β1, CTGF, and collagen Type 1 levels were evaluated with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). LLLT significantly decreased the proliferation of GO fibroblasts (p < 0.05) while leading to a significantly higher proliferation in H fibroblasts compared to the untreated cells (p < 0.05). GO cells showed significantly higher CTGF, TGF-β, and collagen Type 1 expression than the H cells (p < 0.05). LLLT significantly reduced CTGF levels in GO cells compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In H cells, CTGF and TGF-β levels were also significantly decreased in response to LLLT compared to the control group (p < 0.05). While LLLT significantly reduced collagen expression in the H group (p < 0.05), it did not significantly impact the GO cells. LLLT significantly reduced the synthesis of the growth factors and collagen in both groups with an antiproliferative effect on the gingival fibroblasts from calcium channel blocker-induced GO, suggesting that it can offer a therapeutic approach in the clinical management of drug-induced GO, reversing the fibrotic changes.

During the first several weeks following lactation, nipple pain frequently prevents mothers from continuing breastfeeding. To evaluate the efficacy of using Photobiomodulation (PBM) versus anti-inflammatory topical cream, on inflamed nipple, and the effect on milk production. This study was carried-out on 50 breastfeeding women with nipple pain and fissure. Our patients were divided into two groups ; study group (Group I): 25 patients received 12 sessions of PBM using Diode laser for a period of 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week every alternative day, and controlled group (Group II): 25 patients used Anti-inflammatory topical cream. Regarding inflammatory signs in both groups, Group I showed a significant decrease in redness compared to Group II at the 3rd and 4th week, and a significant decrease in nipple fissure and pain at the 3rd week. There was a significant increase in milk amount reflected on the infant's weight. We concluded that PBM was more effective in decreasing nipple pain, inflammation and subsequently milk production and infant weight than topical anti-inflammatory creams.

This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of greenlight (PVP) and thulium laser vaporization (ThuVAP) in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) treatment. A systematic literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, Wangfang, and VIP in November 2023. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the primary outcomes of interest were performed. The review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42023491316. A total of 13 studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared to PVP, ThuVAP had a shorter operation time (MD: 8.56, 95% CI: 4.10 ~ 13.03, p = 0.0002), and higher postoperative transfusion (OR:0.26, 95% CI: 0.10 ~ 0.64, p = 0.004). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of length of stay (MD: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.78 ~ 0.14, p = 0.17), catherization time (MD: 0.03, 95% CI: -0.13 ~ 0.19, p = 0.73), international prostate symptom score improvement (MD: 0.23, 95% CI: -0.36 ~ 0.81, p = 0.45), quality of life improvement (MD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.04 ~ 0.12, p = 0.29), maximum urinary flow rate improvement (MD: -0.59, 95% CI: -1.42 ~ 0.24, p = 0.16), postvoid residual urine volume improvement (MD: 1.04, 95% CI: -6.63 ~ 8.71, p = 0.79), overall postoperative complications (OR:1.15, 95% CI: 0.65 ~ 2.03, p = 0.63), postoperative bleeding (OR:1.18, 95%  CI: 0.67 ~ 2.07, p = 0.56), re-peration (OR:0.55, 95% CI: 0.16 ~ 1.95, p = 0.35), urethral stricture (OR:0.90, 95% CI: 0.46 ~ 1.75, p = 0.75), and urinary incontinence (OR:1.07, 95% CI: 0.64 ~ 1.78, p = 0.80). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the results of comparing thulium vaporesection or vapoenucleation with PVP were consistent with the results of the pooled analysis. Both greenlight and thulium laser vaporization are effective and safe, with comparable surgical and functional outcomes. The choice between these methods should be based on patient-specific factors.

To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) in conjunction with an aerobic exercise program (AEP) on the level of pain and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial in which 51 participants with FM were allocated into 4 groups: control group (CG) (n = 12); active PBM group (APG) (n = 12); AEP and placebo PBM group (EPPG) (n = 13); AEP and active PBM group (EAPG) (n = 14). AEP was performed on an ergometric bicycle; and a PBM (with an increase dosage regime) [20 J, 32 J and 40 J] was applied using a cluster device. Both interventions were performed twice a week for 12 weeks. A mixed generalized model analysis was performed, evaluating the time (initial and final) and group (EAPG, EPPG, APG and CG) interaction. All analyses were based on intent-to-treat for a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

Results: The intra-group analysis demonstrated that all treated groups presented a significant improvement in the level of pain and quality of life comparing the initial and final evaluation (p < 0.05). Values for SF-36 and 6-minute walk test increased significant in intragroup analysis for EPPG comparing the initial and final evaluation. No intergroup differences were observed.

Conclusions: Both exercised and PBM irradiated volunteers present improvements in the variables analyzed. However, further studies should be performed, with other PBM parameters to determine the best regime of irradiation to optimize the positive effects of physical exercises in FM patients.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the subtypes of breast cancer characterized by a heterogeneous and aggressive nature. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn significant attention in cancer treatment. However, solubility of photosensitizer, penetration problems into a target tissue and insufficient oxygen concentration limit the effectiveness of PDT. To overcome these limitations and to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy, combination treatment modalities play an essential role in cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the combination efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)/PDT in TNBC cells and healthy breast cells in vitro. To determine the effect of the combination effects of cisplatin and 5-ALA/PDT on TNBC cells, two treatment protocols (simultaneous and sequential combination therapy) were evaluated compared with cisplatin and 5-ALA/PDT monotherapy and WST-1, Annexin V assay, acridine orange (AO) and mitochondrial staining were performed. Our findings showed that MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell viability was significantly decreased following simultaneous combination treatment compared to cisplatin and 5-ALA/PDT monotherapy. Additionally, simultaneous combination treatment was more effective than sequential combination treatment. The simultaneous combination treatment of 2.5 µM cisplatin and 5-ALA/PDT at 6 J/cm² and 9 J/cm² induced 46.78% and 53.6% total apoptotic death, respectively in TNBC cells compared with monotherapies (cisplatin (37.88%) and 5-ALA/PDT (6 J/cm²: 31.48% and 9 J/cm²: 37.78%). Additionally, cisplatin and 5-ALA/PDT combination treatment resulted in nuclear fragmentation and mitochondrial damage due to apoptosis. Our results suggest that cisplatin and 5-ALA/PDT simultaneous combination therapy could be a promising new alternative strategy for treating TNBC. However, further studies are required to assess the underlying molecular mechanisms of cisplatin and 5-ALA/PDT combination treatment at the molecular level.

En bloc resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) involves removing bladder tumors and their base. Laser resection has been used to reduce complications including bleeding and obturator nerve reflex (ONR). We developed a novel approach (rotatable bi-channel en bloc resection of bladder tumor (RBC-ERBT)) and assessed its efficacy in a pilot in-vivo study to enhance laser ERBT's applicability in challenging bladder regions. In the laser RBC-ERBT procedure, lesions were excised by inserting a holmium laser through the rotating external working channel, while forceps were inserted through the internal working channel provided traction on the tissue. Fifteen laser RBC-ERBT procedures were performed in five different bladder areas of three live pigs. The technical success rate (TSR), procedure time, lesion size, occurrence of complications (bleeding, perforation, ONR), and detrusor muscle (DM) presence rate and DM thickness were evaluated. All 15 procedures were performed with a 100% TSR. The resections were successful in all bladder regions (posterior, left, right and anterior walls and dome). Median procedure time was 20 min. The resected specimen size was 10 mm × 7 mm to 17 mm × 13 mm. Mild bleeding occurred in two procedures (13.3%) but was effectively managed. No incidents of ONR or perforation were observed. Histological examination confirmed presence of DM in all specimens with a median DM thickness of 1.26 mm. Our pilot in-vivo study suggested the feasibility and effectiveness of laser RBC-ERBT for bladder tumors in various locations. This technique offers effective traction, improved visualization, and enhanced laser accessibility. Further studies are required to validate its effectiveness in humans.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of toluidine blue (TB) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rat gingival fibroblasts through in vitro experiments. Rat gingival fibroblasts were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) LPS treatment, (3) laser treatment, (4) TB treatment (1.0 µg/mL), and (5) PDT treatment (TB plus laser irradiation at 320 mW/cm² for 240 s). After 24 h, cell growth activity was measured using MTT assay. The levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the cell culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear proteins were extracted and the phosphorylation levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB/p65 (p-p65) and phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (p-IκBα) were determined using Western Blot. MTT results showed no significant difference in cell viability between the groups (P > 0.05). After LPS induction, OPG expression decreased, RANKL expression increased, and the OPG/RANKL ratio decreased, which was different from the control group (P < 0.05). After PDT treatment, OPG expression increased, RANKL expression decreased (P < 0.05), and the OPG/RANKL ratio increased (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, there was no significant difference in OPG and RANKL expression or the OPG/RANKL ratio (P > 0.05). The activation of NF-κB was closely related to the phosphorylation levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα. LPS significantly up-regulated p-p65 and p-IκBα expression (P < 0.05), while PDT treatment decreased their phosphorylation levels (P < 0.05). TB-PDT treatment can inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway activation, decrease RANKL and OPG expression, and reduce the OPG/RANKL ratio, thereby reducing inflammation and playing a role in periodontitis treatment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current scientific evidence on the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunctive treatment to mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses was followed. A protocol was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO #CRD42022361684). The search was carried out in seven databases, with no restrictions regarding language or year of publication. Our work included studies that compared clinical periodontal parameters between individuals treated with mechanical debridement associated with aPDT and a control group of patients who had undergone mechanical debridement alone. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (RoB 2.0) were performed by two review authors. Meta-analysis was performed. The mean difference (MD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were provided. Four hundred and seven-four studies were identified, of which five studies were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that aPDT adjunctive to mechanical debridement in subjects with peri-implantitis resulted in greater reduction in probing depth 3 months after treatment than among subjects receiving treatment with mechanical debridement. Most of the included studies exhibit a low risk of bias. Adjunctive aPDT to mechanical debridement contributes to the improvement of peri-implant clinical parameters in individuals with peri-implantitis, in particular probing depth.