This study aimed to ascertain the anti-ulcerative, leukocyte mobilizing, haematologic, and antioxidant effect of methanol extract of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves (METGL) and ethyl acetate fraction of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves (EAFTGL) in rat models. Phytochemical analysis of T. globiferus leaves recorded substantial levels of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. The experimental design was categorized into three phases. Ulcer and inflammation were inflicted on phases I and II rats using indomethacin and inflammatory stimulus (1 mL of 3 % agar suspension), respectively, treatments with reference drug and different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) METGL and EAFTGL ensued. In phase III, group 1 (normal control) received 3 ml/kg bw 3 % tween 80, while groups 2-5 were administered with varied dosages (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) of METGL and EAFTGL, respectively. The results revealed that both METGL and EAFTGL effectively instituted gastro-protection, exerted a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hematological indices and antioxidant parameters, and caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in leukocyte infiltration. These suggest that T. globiferus leaves may be useful in managing ulcer and inflammatory conditions, validating its use in traditional medicine.
本研究旨在探讨金针叶甲醇提取物(METGL)和金针叶乙酸乙酯部位(EAFTGL)在大鼠模型中的抗溃疡、白细胞动员、血液学和抗氧化作用。植物化学分析记录了大量的酚类物质、类黄酮、生物碱、皂苷、类固醇、萜类和单宁。实验设计分为三个阶段。ⅰ期和ⅱ期大鼠分别用吲哚美辛和炎症刺激剂(1 mL 3%琼脂悬浮液)致溃疡和炎症，对照药物和不同浓度(100和200 mg/kg体重)METGL和EAFTGL处理。在第三阶段，第1组(正常对照)在80岁之间注射3 ml/kg bw，第2-5组分别注射不同剂量(100和200 mg/kg bw)的METGL和EAFTGL。结果显示，METGL和EAFTGL均能有效保护胃，显著(p<0.05)提高血液学指标和抗氧化指标，显著(p<0.05)降低白细胞浸润。这些结果表明，球芽孢杆菌的叶子可能在治疗溃疡和炎症方面有用，从而证实了其在传统医学中的用途。
{"title":"Assessment of the Aqueous Methanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Tapinanthus globiferus Leaves and their Effects on Ulceration and Leukocyte Mobilization in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.079","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to ascertain the anti-ulcerative, leukocyte mobilizing, haematologic, and antioxidant effect of methanol extract of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves (METGL) and ethyl acetate fraction of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves (EAFTGL) in rat models. Phytochemical analysis of T. globiferus leaves recorded substantial levels of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. The experimental design was categorized into three phases. Ulcer and inflammation were inflicted on phases I and II rats using indomethacin and inflammatory stimulus (1 mL of 3 % agar suspension), respectively, treatments with reference drug and different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) METGL and EAFTGL ensued. In phase III, group 1 (normal control) received 3 ml/kg bw 3 % tween 80, while groups 2-5 were administered with varied dosages (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) of METGL and EAFTGL, respectively. The results revealed that both METGL and EAFTGL effectively instituted gastro-protection, exerted a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hematological indices and antioxidant parameters, and caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in leukocyte infiltration. These suggest that T. globiferus leaves may be useful in managing ulcer and inflammatory conditions, validating its use in traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82886337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the Anton- Paar DSA 5000 M, the density and sound speed of polyethylene glycols (polyethylene glycol 400; polyethylene glycol 4000) in an entire range of concentrations (0.07, 0.08, and 0.09) mol.kg-1 aqueous solutions of vitamin B3 (niacin) were measured at constant experimental pressure 0.1 MPa and temperature ranges (288.15 K, 298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K). These experimental results were used to measure acoustic and thermodynamic parameters such as acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, Wada's constant, Rao's constant, and Vander Waal's constant, which provided insight into the intermolecular interactions within the ternary mixture of niacin and polyethylene glycols (PEG 400and 4000).
{"title":"Investigation of Volumetric and Acoustical Properties of Polyethylene Glycols in Niacin Solutions","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.081","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Anton- Paar DSA 5000 M, the density and sound speed of polyethylene glycols (polyethylene glycol 400; polyethylene glycol 4000) in an entire range of concentrations (0.07, 0.08, and 0.09) mol.kg-1 aqueous solutions of vitamin B3 (niacin) were measured at constant experimental pressure 0.1 MPa and temperature ranges (288.15 K, 298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K). These experimental results were used to measure acoustic and thermodynamic parameters such as acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, Wada's constant, Rao's constant, and Vander Waal's constant, which provided insight into the intermolecular interactions within the ternary mixture of niacin and polyethylene glycols (PEG 400and 4000).","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87973028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study firstly included the synthesis of aldehyde derivatives by reacting p-hydroxy benzaldehyde with ethyl chloroacetate to prepare compound (A), then producing the thiazolidine derivatives by condensing compound (A) with cysteine to obtain (AT). Thiazolidines possess two types of isomers (diastereomers) that are difficult to separate ( cis-(2R,4R) and trans-(2S,2R)). Due to the presence of chiral atoms, an isomer cis/ trans percentages were powerfully dependent on a solvent. The compound (AT) reacts with acetic anhydride for the synthesis of the compound (ATA), then it reacts with hydrazine hydrate to prepare the 3-acetyl-2-[4-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethoxy) phenyl]thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (ATAH), which is the basic unit in the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoes, as the compound (ATAH) reacts with carboxylic acid derivatives in the presence of phosphoryl chloride to synthesis 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (ATAO1-4) and interact a compound (ATAH) with potassium hydroxide and carbon disulfide to prepare a compound 3-acetyl-2-{4-[2-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)- 2-oxoethoxy] phenyl} thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (ATASO). All synthesis compounds were identified using Mass-EI, FT-IR, and (1H, 13C) NMR Spectra. Antibacterial activity of synthesis compounds was studied against two kinds of bacteria (E.coil and S.aureus) and studied as an antioxidant, as well the study of the compound with high efficacy in the direction of oxidation anticancer (MCF7) and determine an IC50.
{"title":"Synthesis of some new Thiazolidine and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derived from L-cysteine and Study of Their Biological Activity as Antioxidant and Breast Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.082","url":null,"abstract":"The study firstly included the synthesis of aldehyde derivatives by reacting p-hydroxy benzaldehyde with ethyl chloroacetate to prepare compound (A), then producing the thiazolidine derivatives by condensing compound (A) with cysteine to obtain (AT). Thiazolidines possess two types of isomers (diastereomers) that are difficult to separate ( cis-(2R,4R) and trans-(2S,2R)). Due to the presence of chiral atoms, an isomer cis/ trans percentages were powerfully dependent on a solvent. The compound (AT) reacts with acetic anhydride for the synthesis of the compound (ATA), then it reacts with hydrazine hydrate to prepare the 3-acetyl-2-[4-(2-hydrazinyl-2-oxoethoxy) phenyl]thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (ATAH), which is the basic unit in the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoes, as the compound (ATAH) reacts with carboxylic acid derivatives in the presence of phosphoryl chloride to synthesis 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (ATAO1-4) and interact a compound (ATAH) with potassium hydroxide and carbon disulfide to prepare a compound 3-acetyl-2-{4-[2-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)- 2-oxoethoxy] phenyl} thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (ATASO). All synthesis compounds were identified using Mass-EI, FT-IR, and (1H, 13C) NMR Spectra. Antibacterial activity of synthesis compounds was studied against two kinds of bacteria (E.coil and S.aureus) and studied as an antioxidant, as well the study of the compound with high efficacy in the direction of oxidation anticancer (MCF7) and determine an IC50.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89481714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural and biodegradable materials are becoming a trend in the food processing and packaging industries to reduce environmental problems and minimize toxic waste production. The development of natural edible coating and thin films is a research interest among scientists. Pectin, a natural polysaccharide used in the development of edible films and coating, increases the shelf life of perishable food items by protecting them from the outer environment, delaying loss of nutrition, and helping in maintaining physical and chemical properties for a longer duration. Pectin is commercially produced from Apple and Citrus fruits because of its phenomenal gelling quality. However, many other fruits and vegetables also contain a good amount of pectin, but pectin has structure variation, making it versatile for a wide range of applications. The Indigenous minor fruits and vegetables also serve as a good source of pectin, which may differ in structural and gelling properties from commercial pectin but may have the ability to use in making the edible coating. The development of edible thin film and coating from underutilized sources of pectin increases the demand and cultivation of these sources on an industrial level, which are limited to local and small-scale industries. The present review focuses on different types of underutilized sources of pectin to develop natural edible thin films and coatings.
{"title":"Underutilized Sources of Pectin as Edible Coating","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.083","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and biodegradable materials are becoming a trend in the food processing and packaging industries to reduce environmental problems and minimize toxic waste production. The development of natural edible coating and thin films is a research interest among scientists. Pectin, a natural polysaccharide used in the development of edible films and coating, increases the shelf life of perishable food items by protecting them from the outer environment, delaying loss of nutrition, and helping in maintaining physical and chemical properties for a longer duration. Pectin is commercially produced from Apple and Citrus fruits because of its phenomenal gelling quality. However, many other fruits and vegetables also contain a good amount of pectin, but pectin has structure variation, making it versatile for a wide range of applications. The Indigenous minor fruits and vegetables also serve as a good source of pectin, which may differ in structural and gelling properties from commercial pectin but may have the ability to use in making the edible coating. The development of edible thin film and coating from underutilized sources of pectin increases the demand and cultivation of these sources on an industrial level, which are limited to local and small-scale industries. The present review focuses on different types of underutilized sources of pectin to develop natural edible thin films and coatings.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73391624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria due to the plasmodium falciparum parasite is one of the major threats to millions of people worldwide, which is usually transmitted to humans by the bite of female anopheles mosquitoes. For this reason, the design of new chemotherapeutic drugs against this parasite infection is important; with this idea, a series of Thiazinoquinones have been used to generate 3D-QSAR models, and molecular docking was performed. In addition, Molecular Dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the selected complex systems during 2 ns using GROMACS. Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) methods were used to construct predictive 3D-QSAR models using the PLS method. The result shows high values of R2=0.96; Q2=0.81; R2pred=0.91 and R2= 0.97; Q2= 0.88; R2pred= 0.81 for CoMFA and CoMSIA models, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that the most active molecules have two hydrogen bonds with Ser 111, this type of bond is absent in the case of the less active molecule. To measure the stability, flexibility, and average distance between the target and compounds, root means square deviations (RMSD), root means square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of gyration (Rg) was calculated and showed a good result.
{"title":"Thiazinoquinones Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents: 3D-QSAR Studies, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.077","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria due to the plasmodium falciparum parasite is one of the major threats to millions of people worldwide, which is usually transmitted to humans by the bite of female anopheles mosquitoes. For this reason, the design of new chemotherapeutic drugs against this parasite infection is important; with this idea, a series of Thiazinoquinones have been used to generate 3D-QSAR models, and molecular docking was performed. In addition, Molecular Dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the selected complex systems during 2 ns using GROMACS. Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) methods were used to construct predictive 3D-QSAR models using the PLS method. The result shows high values of R2=0.96; Q2=0.81; R2pred=0.91 and R2= 0.97; Q2= 0.88; R2pred= 0.81 for CoMFA and CoMSIA models, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that the most active molecules have two hydrogen bonds with Ser 111, this type of bond is absent in the case of the less active molecule. To measure the stability, flexibility, and average distance between the target and compounds, root means square deviations (RMSD), root means square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of gyration (Rg) was calculated and showed a good result.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87122345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein we report the synthesis of Schiff base, 2-((E)-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)-5-fluorophenol (BTF) and its complexes A1 [Co(BTF)2Cl], A2 [Co(BTF)PhCl]Cl, A3 [Ni(BTF)2] and A4 [Ni(BTF)Ph]Cl. The synthesized compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H and 13C), UV-Visible, FT-IR, ESI-MS, TGA-DTA, magnetic data measurement, and molar conductivity studies. The prepared complexes were subjected to CT-DNA interaction and monitored using UV absorption, fluorescence emission probe, and viscosity measurements. The DNA binding properties were quantified by Kb and Ksv data, indicating that A2 and A4 showed promising DNA binding propensity index, mainly suggesting the groove mode of intercalation. The DNA incision property of the complex A2 and A4 was carried out by gel electrophoresis method, effectively confirming circular form conversion into nicked form. Further, the biological profile assay was also extended to antimicrobial studies against E.coli, B.subtilis, S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, C.albicans, and A. niger. The microbial inhibition property showed profound activity for A2 complex with an increase in hydrophobic nature. In addition, all the complexes were also screened for their antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Synthesis and Spectral Characterisation of new Benzothiazole-based Schiff Base Ligand and its Co(III) and Ni(II) Complexes as DNA Binding and DNA Cleavage Agents","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.076","url":null,"abstract":"Herein we report the synthesis of Schiff base, 2-((E)-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)-5-fluorophenol (BTF) and its complexes A1 [Co(BTF)2Cl], A2 [Co(BTF)PhCl]Cl, A3 [Ni(BTF)2] and A4 [Ni(BTF)Ph]Cl. The synthesized compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (1H and 13C), UV-Visible, FT-IR, ESI-MS, TGA-DTA, magnetic data measurement, and molar conductivity studies. The prepared complexes were subjected to CT-DNA interaction and monitored using UV absorption, fluorescence emission probe, and viscosity measurements. The DNA binding properties were quantified by Kb and Ksv data, indicating that A2 and A4 showed promising DNA binding propensity index, mainly suggesting the groove mode of intercalation. The DNA incision property of the complex A2 and A4 was carried out by gel electrophoresis method, effectively confirming circular form conversion into nicked form. Further, the biological profile assay was also extended to antimicrobial studies against E.coli, B.subtilis, S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, C.albicans, and A. niger. The microbial inhibition property showed profound activity for A2 complex with an increase in hydrophobic nature. In addition, all the complexes were also screened for their antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79784415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Balkanov, S. Trajkova, Aleksandra Pivkova-Veljanovska, D. Spasovski, N. Ridova, G. Kalcev, I. Stavridis
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignity associated with the proliferation and accumulation of bone marrow terminally differentiated plasma cells. The outcomes of patients with MM have dramatically improved over the past decade with the establishment of novel agents. Nonetheless, the disease presents considerable heterogeneity in clinical course, presentation, and survival. Molecular and chromosomal analyses were performed on 46 patients with MM. The survival time of patients with MM concerning molecular and chromosome stratification showed that 20% of them were with high risk [hypodiploid (gain1q, loss1p) Del17p, Del13q, t(11;14) t(4;14) and multiple mutations] who survived 60 months and the median survival time in these patients was 20.8 months. In patients with MM who had a standard risk, death outcome was not registered during the observation period. Taking into account, all MM patients included in our study, Bence Jones proteins in the urine wеre present in 35.8% of ММ patients, while in 64.2%, their presence was not observed. The percentage difference is statistically significant The utilization of these crucial biomarkers in the clinical background for this disease in the future can only be achieved through thorough evaluation and validation in clinical trials.
{"title":"Chromosomal Aberrations and Bence-Jones Proteins as a Significant Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma","authors":"S. Balkanov, S. Trajkova, Aleksandra Pivkova-Veljanovska, D. Spasovski, N. Ridova, G. Kalcev, I. Stavridis","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.074","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignity associated with the proliferation and accumulation of bone marrow terminally differentiated plasma cells. The outcomes of patients with MM have dramatically improved over the past decade with the establishment of novel agents. Nonetheless, the disease presents considerable heterogeneity in clinical course, presentation, and survival. Molecular and chromosomal analyses were performed on 46 patients with MM. The survival time of patients with MM concerning molecular and chromosome stratification showed that 20% of them were with high risk [hypodiploid (gain1q, loss1p) Del17p, Del13q, t(11;14) t(4;14) and multiple mutations] who survived 60 months and the median survival time in these patients was 20.8 months. In patients with MM who had a standard risk, death outcome was not registered during the observation period. Taking into account, all MM patients included in our study, Bence Jones proteins in the urine wеre present in 35.8% of ММ patients, while in 64.2%, their presence was not observed. The percentage difference is statistically significant The utilization of these crucial biomarkers in the clinical background for this disease in the future can only be achieved through thorough evaluation and validation in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74079931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essential oil-based and coconut oil nanoemulgels were formulated, and their anti-arthritic effect was evaluated. Nanoemulsions of lemon, ginger, turmeric, and coconut oil were formed by spontaneous emulsification. Nanoemulgels were obtained using 1 % of carboxymethylcellulose and carbopol. Characterizations included pH, transmittance, viscosity, conductivity, spreadability, and droplet size. Stability studies were performed. Arthritis was induced in Wister rats by injecting 0.1 ml formaldehyde (2 % v/v) into the sub plantar region. Paw volumes and thickness were measured for 28 days. Particles were nanosized with polydispersity indices ranging from 0.21 to 0.75. Formulations had pH of 4.96 to 6.81. Transmittances ranged from 0.02 to 95.6 %. Viscosities ranged from 308.3 to 1807 mPaS. Nanoemulgels were more stable at 25 ± 2 ºC. Anti-arthritic evaluations showed that ginger and lemon nanoemulgels exhibited higher and similar percentage inhibition patterns from days 7 to 28. Only ginger nanoemulgel reached basal paw values on day 28. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in results obtained on day 7 between Voltaren® and the lemon, turmeric, and coconut groups, while on day 21, there were also significant differences (p<0.05) between the Voltaren® group and the ginger and coconut groups. Ginger nanoemulgel was most effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
{"title":"Evaluating some Essential Oils-Based and Coconut Oil Nanoemulgels for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.075","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oil-based and coconut oil nanoemulgels were formulated, and their anti-arthritic effect was evaluated. Nanoemulsions of lemon, ginger, turmeric, and coconut oil were formed by spontaneous emulsification. Nanoemulgels were obtained using 1 % of carboxymethylcellulose and carbopol. Characterizations included pH, transmittance, viscosity, conductivity, spreadability, and droplet size. Stability studies were performed. Arthritis was induced in Wister rats by injecting 0.1 ml formaldehyde (2 % v/v) into the sub plantar region. Paw volumes and thickness were measured for 28 days. Particles were nanosized with polydispersity indices ranging from 0.21 to 0.75. Formulations had pH of 4.96 to 6.81. Transmittances ranged from 0.02 to 95.6 %. Viscosities ranged from 308.3 to 1807 mPaS. Nanoemulgels were more stable at 25 ± 2 ºC. Anti-arthritic evaluations showed that ginger and lemon nanoemulgels exhibited higher and similar percentage inhibition patterns from days 7 to 28. Only ginger nanoemulgel reached basal paw values on day 28. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in results obtained on day 7 between Voltaren® and the lemon, turmeric, and coconut groups, while on day 21, there were also significant differences (p<0.05) between the Voltaren® group and the ginger and coconut groups. Ginger nanoemulgel was most effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78761251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1-Aryl-2-mercapto-4-(phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles (Ia-1) were condensed with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole (II) in presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol to get 1-aryl-2-thiomethylene benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles (IIIa-1). These compounds (IIIa-1) were subsequently oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to get 1-aryl-2-sulphono-[benzimidazol-2-yl]-methyl-4 and (phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles (Iva-1). All the compounds (IIIa-1) and (Iva-1) exhibited central nervous system depressant action on albino mice. All the compounds are non-toxic and possess some sedative activity.
{"title":"Central Nervous System Activity of 1-aryl-2(thiomethylene benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles and 1-aryl-2-sulphono-[benzimidazol-2-yl]-methyl-4-(phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.073","url":null,"abstract":"1-Aryl-2-mercapto-4-(phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles (Ia-1) were condensed with 2-chloromethyl benzimidazole (II) in presence of sodium hydroxide in ethanol to get 1-aryl-2-thiomethylene benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles (IIIa-1). These compounds (IIIa-1) were subsequently oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to get 1-aryl-2-sulphono-[benzimidazol-2-yl]-methyl-4 and (phenyl/p-chlorophenyl)-imidazoles (Iva-1). All the compounds (IIIa-1) and (Iva-1) exhibited central nervous system depressant action on albino mice. All the compounds are non-toxic and possess some sedative activity.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77806007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essential oils have flavoring and biological properties such as insect repellency, pesticide properties, antifungal, and bactericidal action. A limiting factor in the application of essential oils in industrialized products is the volatility and thermosensitivity of their components. Microencapsulation is an alternative for using these compounds on a large scale, a technique widely used to protect bioactive compounds against environmental damage. Thus, the objective of the study was to encapsulate the essential oil of Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) in different wall materials through the spray drying technique. Three formulations of wall materials were evaluated using: Gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) powder with 60% protein and maltodextrin (MD), and concentrate whey protein (WPC) powder with 60% protein. The amount of oil in the emulsion was set at 10% (w/v) and the wall materials at 40% (w/v) in a 1:1 ratio. The emulsions were subjected to spray drying using inlet and outlet air temperatures of 120°C and 65-70°C, respectively. The highest microencapsulation efficiency was observed for microcapsules formed by gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD), which also showed good thermal properties, low humidity, and water activity, important parameters to maintain product stability.
{"title":"Microencapsulation of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon winterianus) with Different Wall Materials Using Spray Drying","authors":"","doi":"10.33263/lianbs123.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33263/lianbs123.071","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils have flavoring and biological properties such as insect repellency, pesticide properties, antifungal, and bactericidal action. A limiting factor in the application of essential oils in industrialized products is the volatility and thermosensitivity of their components. Microencapsulation is an alternative for using these compounds on a large scale, a technique widely used to protect bioactive compounds against environmental damage. Thus, the objective of the study was to encapsulate the essential oil of Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) in different wall materials through the spray drying technique. Three formulations of wall materials were evaluated using: Gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) powder with 60% protein and maltodextrin (MD), and concentrate whey protein (WPC) powder with 60% protein. The amount of oil in the emulsion was set at 10% (w/v) and the wall materials at 40% (w/v) in a 1:1 ratio. The emulsions were subjected to spray drying using inlet and outlet air temperatures of 120°C and 65-70°C, respectively. The highest microencapsulation efficiency was observed for microcapsules formed by gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD), which also showed good thermal properties, low humidity, and water activity, important parameters to maintain product stability.","PeriodicalId":18009,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79751738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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