Laboratornoe delo最新文献

The author analyzes the principles and reviews the ranges of application of conductometric, filtration rapid method for studies of formed element aggregation in stabilized blood, hemostographic, photodynamic method for blood clotting registration, superfusion method for assessment of hemocoagulation tissue factor release reaction. He comes to a conclusion that the diagnosis may become objective, rapid, reliable, and accurate if biophysical characteristics of the hemostasis are investigated, their informative value assessed, and measuring equipment for hematologic laboratories designed and commercially produced.

Hess's method for measurement of the blood serum sialic acids has been adapted to measurements thereof in the urine and feces. The modification is based on ethanol sedimentation of urinary and fecal proteins. Sialic acids are measured in the protein precipitate by the unified Hess's procedure. The examinations have revealed differences in the levels and excretion of sialic acids with feces in healthy infants and those suffering from acute intestinal infections.

A method for measuring salivary nitrites, developed by the authors, is based on the Griess-Iloswai test. Salivary microflora was found to synthesize and transform nitrites to other substances, their concentration passing its peak. If salivary excretion is stimulated, nitrite synthesis is accelerated. Nitrites are recommended to be measured in stimulated saliva over the course of its incubation starting from the first and up to the thirtieth minutes.

Estimation of reticulocyte and polychromatophil counts has shown that only 28.7-44.9 percent of blood reticulocytes and 61.7 percent of bone marrow reticulocytes are polychromatophilic. Polychromatophil count is approximately equal to the sum of classes I and II reticulocytes. Bone marrow smears staining to detect reticulocytes, followed by staining according to Romanovsky-Giemsa has shown that only solitary erythrokaryocytes did not contain granular or filament reticular substance. The authors analyze the following suppositions: eliminate reticulocytes from the erythropoiesis scheme, denote the former normoblasts erythrokaryocytes but not normocytes, demonstrate the possibility of mature red cell production from oxyphilic erythrokaryocytes and from polychromophilic erythrokaryocytes via polychromatophilic red cells in the scheme.

Elevation of the carcinoembryonal antigen concentration in patients with pulmonary carcinoma is directly dependent on the tumor process dissemination. Measurements of mucinous cancer-associated antigen, neurospecific enolase, CA-125 improve the reliability of enzyme immunoassays of tumor markers of lung cancer. Measurements of carcinoembryonic antigen over the course of treatment may become a valuable test permitting an objective assessment of the treatment efficacy.

The author has investigated the possibility of using as the reference agent in estimation of the resorption rate from vascular bed of fatty emulsions the very agent that is introduced or the oil, one of the ingredients of this agent. Fatty emulsions for parenteral nutrition intralipid (Sweden), lipofundin-C (Finland), venolipid (Japan), lipidin and lipidin-2 (USSR), and specially purified sunflower oil were used to plot the calibration curve.

Cardiomyocyte membrane proteins (CMP) were isolated from the hearts of subjects dead from injuries or brain tumors by differentiated centrifugation in sucrose density gradient for the determination of anti-CMP antibodies in the blood serum samples of myocarditis patients. CMP preparation reactivity with blood serum antibodies of patients with myocarditis and other myocardial diseases, as well as with systemic lupus erythematosus, was assessed by the immune blotting technique. The findings evidence a high incidence of antibody interaction with CMP with a molecular mass of 67 kD. The method is highly specific and sensitive, its results are fairly well reproducible, and the technique is simple.

The authors suggest a variant of enzyme immunoassay for measuring IgA in the blood and other biologic fluids. This method is based on the use of polystyrene balls, made in the USSR, as the solid phase; the balls are placed in biochemical tubes with a conic bottom. The sensitivity of the method is approximately 40 times superior to the widely known radial diffusion in gel. Use of polystyrene balls presensitized with antispecies antibodies helps cut down the time of the assay. The method is recommended for clinical laboratories that are intended for unsophisticated investigations.

The authors review the present-day methods for the identification of gram-negative anaerobic nonsporogenous bacilli and cocci with the use of anaerodisks. Data are presented on the generic and species composition of obligate anaerobes of the gastric contents, proximal section of the jejunum, and the distal portion of the large intestine. Use of anaerodisks helped identify up to 90% of anaerobic cultures isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of man.

Rapid methods for anti-lysozyme activity measurements, developed by the author, permit reducing the time of investigation to 24 and 4 hrs. Both the modifications are based on the routine technique and are not inferior to it in sensitivity and specificity.