The double stranded Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is stated as one of the idyllic targets for cancer and other various diseases. The in-depth investigation of DNA-drug interaction plays a crucial role for the recognition of drug mechanism action as well as in advance scheming of more proficient drugs with minor aftermath. Imidazoles and molecules possessing them are well known for their antimicrobial action and also possess different therapeutic properties. With the intention to improve a computational protocol towards the development of novel improvised antimicrobial agent, di-cationic molecules. Primarily, four diarylfuran derivatives having varied substituted groups have been proposed, analysed and compared for antimicrobial potential by studying their binding strength and steady complex formation with DNA. Molecular docking analysis was used to forecast the binding mode involved for DNA-drug complex and molecular dynamics was employed for studying the kinetics of interaction. The docking investigation revealed AT rich region binding for all the proposed ligands which is the preferred location for DNA minor groove binders establishing Mol-1 and Mol-3 as lead molecules. The stability of drug-DNA complexes was inferred from an analysis of the data from Molecular dynamics (MD) analysis, which showed that ligands remained coupled to the preferred binding locations of DNA without experiencing any significant changes in the minor groove.
{"title":"Free energy calculations reveal the interaction and stability of ligands in the vicinity of B-DNA dodecamer","authors":"Anwesh Pandey, Anupriya Adhikari","doi":"10.3233/mgc-230031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-230031","url":null,"abstract":"The double stranded Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is stated as one of the idyllic targets for cancer and other various diseases. The in-depth investigation of DNA-drug interaction plays a crucial role for the recognition of drug mechanism action as well as in advance scheming of more proficient drugs with minor aftermath. Imidazoles and molecules possessing them are well known for their antimicrobial action and also possess different therapeutic properties. With the intention to improve a computational protocol towards the development of novel improvised antimicrobial agent, di-cationic molecules. Primarily, four diarylfuran derivatives having varied substituted groups have been proposed, analysed and compared for antimicrobial potential by studying their binding strength and steady complex formation with DNA. Molecular docking analysis was used to forecast the binding mode involved for DNA-drug complex and molecular dynamics was employed for studying the kinetics of interaction. The docking investigation revealed AT rich region binding for all the proposed ligands which is the preferred location for DNA minor groove binders establishing Mol-1 and Mol-3 as lead molecules. The stability of drug-DNA complexes was inferred from an analysis of the data from Molecular dynamics (MD) analysis, which showed that ligands remained coupled to the preferred binding locations of DNA without experiencing any significant changes in the minor groove.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79302795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neetu Singh, H. S. Sohal, M. Verma, R. Sharma, Manvinder Kaur
Formazans are well-known complexing agents and form highly stable complexes with verity of metals that are useful for number of pharmaceutical applications. The activity profile of formazans and their complexes are huge that include antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-fertility, anti-tubercular, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, and anti-proliferative are among the biological activities covered by the formazans. The structures, synthesis, reactions, and spectral properties of formazans have been studied to highlight their potential applications in a variety of bioactive phenomena and analytical applications. The biological potential of the compounds will be greatly enhanced when substitution is carried out at R and R2. We observed that electron withdrawing groups at para position (if R, R1 & R2 = phenyl ring) are the best substitutions to achieve potent pharmacological activities.
{"title":"Synthesis and bio-activity of complex azo compounds: A review on formazans and its complexes","authors":"Neetu Singh, H. S. Sohal, M. Verma, R. Sharma, Manvinder Kaur","doi":"10.3233/mgc-230014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-230014","url":null,"abstract":"Formazans are well-known complexing agents and form highly stable complexes with verity of metals that are useful for number of pharmaceutical applications. The activity profile of formazans and their complexes are huge that include antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-fertility, anti-tubercular, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, and anti-proliferative are among the biological activities covered by the formazans. The structures, synthesis, reactions, and spectral properties of formazans have been studied to highlight their potential applications in a variety of bioactive phenomena and analytical applications. The biological potential of the compounds will be greatly enhanced when substitution is carried out at R and R2. We observed that electron withdrawing groups at para position (if R, R1 & R2 = phenyl ring) are the best substitutions to achieve potent pharmacological activities.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80494873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have been listed as hazardous substances by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. Edible oils are one of the important food sources of PAHs, which are created during the processes of drying oil seeds or refining edible oils. The aim of this research was to evaluate PAHs (Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo[a]pyrene, and Benz[a]anthracene) in industrially produced edible oils (sunflower, corn, canola, olive and sesame) and traditional oils (press) (yellow animal oil, olive, sesame and sunflower oil) in Iran, and these samples were randomly prepared, sampled and analyzed from the stores of West Azarbaijan province (Urmia, Iran). PAHs were extracted from oily samples by solid phase microextraction method and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-FID. The highest concentration of PAHs (μg/L) were related to different oils as the follow: naphthalene (4.61 in animal yellow oil), Fluorene (0.75 in canola), Phenanthrene (0.21 in canola), Anthracene (0.01 in animal yellow oil), Fluoranthene (2.53 in canola), pyrene (2.67 in canola), Benz[a]anthracene (0.44 in corn) and Benzo[a]pyrene (0.45 in canola). The concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene was compared with the European Union (EU) limit value (μ>2) using one-sample t-test. In industrial canola oil, with an average concentration of 2.593μg/kg, Benzo[a]pyrene was higher than the European Union standard of 2μg/kg. Some of the studied aromatic hydrocarbons could not be detected in some oils.
{"title":"Application of solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography method for extraction, identification, and comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from industrial and traditional edible oils","authors":"Isa Fathollahy, Babak Baglari, S. Pirsa","doi":"10.3233/mgc-220139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-220139","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have been listed as hazardous substances by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. Edible oils are one of the important food sources of PAHs, which are created during the processes of drying oil seeds or refining edible oils. The aim of this research was to evaluate PAHs (Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo[a]pyrene, and Benz[a]anthracene) in industrially produced edible oils (sunflower, corn, canola, olive and sesame) and traditional oils (press) (yellow animal oil, olive, sesame and sunflower oil) in Iran, and these samples were randomly prepared, sampled and analyzed from the stores of West Azarbaijan province (Urmia, Iran). PAHs were extracted from oily samples by solid phase microextraction method and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-FID. The highest concentration of PAHs (μg/L) were related to different oils as the follow: naphthalene (4.61 in animal yellow oil), Fluorene (0.75 in canola), Phenanthrene (0.21 in canola), Anthracene (0.01 in animal yellow oil), Fluoranthene (2.53 in canola), pyrene (2.67 in canola), Benz[a]anthracene (0.44 in corn) and Benzo[a]pyrene (0.45 in canola). The concentration of Benzo[a]pyrene was compared with the European Union (EU) limit value (μ>2) using one-sample t-test. In industrial canola oil, with an average concentration of 2.593μg/kg, Benzo[a]pyrene was higher than the European Union standard of 2μg/kg. Some of the studied aromatic hydrocarbons could not be detected in some oils.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89018214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satyam Singh, R. Yadav, P. Pande, T. W. Kim, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Chandani Singh, Jin‐Ook Baeg
4-hydroxynitrobenzene (4-HNB) is a highly effective industrial pollutant that causes adverse effects to human beings. In this regard, detoxification of noxious water is utmost indispensable. Highly efficient metal-free photocatalytic degradation and reduction of 4-HNB with and without reducing agent still challenge. Additionally, for this role, largely expensive reagents that can create inauspicious impacts on the environment are utilized. Herein, we developed a ‘1’ photocatalyst that has the excellent ability for the H2O2-mediated degradation and reductant-free reduction of 4-HNB. The ‘1’ photocatalyst has an excellent turnover number (TON) 0.644×1020 molecules and turnover frequency (TOF) 0.0035×1020 molecules /min.
{"title":"Photocatalytic turnover number & turnover frequency of 4-HNB under solar light by ‘1’ photocatalyst with & without reducer","authors":"Satyam Singh, R. Yadav, P. Pande, T. W. Kim, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Chandani Singh, Jin‐Ook Baeg","doi":"10.3233/mgc-220138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-220138","url":null,"abstract":" 4-hydroxynitrobenzene (4-HNB) is a highly effective industrial pollutant that causes adverse effects to human beings. In this regard, detoxification of noxious water is utmost indispensable. Highly efficient metal-free photocatalytic degradation and reduction of 4-HNB with and without reducing agent still challenge. Additionally, for this role, largely expensive reagents that can create inauspicious impacts on the environment are utilized. Herein, we developed a ‘1’ photocatalyst that has the excellent ability for the H2O2-mediated degradation and reductant-free reduction of 4-HNB. The ‘1’ photocatalyst has an excellent turnover number (TON) 0.644×1020 molecules and turnover frequency (TOF) 0.0035×1020 molecules /min.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72469327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work elucidates the impact of strain on the optical and electronic properties of Fe-doped lithium niobate using density functional theory. The Fe-doped lithium niobate is applied with the tensile and compressive strain (10% and 20%) and optical properties are analyzed. Lithium niobate, a large bandgap material (bandgap 3.56 eV), has absorption limited to the UV region of the optical spectrum only. For the Fe-doped lithium niobate, the bandgap is 1.38 eV, with low absorption in the visible region. The computed results show that the tensile and compressive strains have significantly narrowed down the bandgap of Fe-doped lithium niobate in compression to the unstrained structures. The decrease in the bandgap is largest for the tensile strain of 20% among all the applied strains. Further, visible light absorption is also improved due to the application of strain. The improvement in visible light absorption is highest for the tensile strain of 20% with absorption completely shifted in the desired visible region. The improved visible absorption due to the applied strain makes Fe-doped lithium niobate a potential candidate for optoelectronics and solar applications.
{"title":"Strain tunability of the properties of Fe- doped lithium niobate for optoelectronic applications: Theoretical insights","authors":"Ashish Raturi, P. Mittal, S. Choudhary","doi":"10.3233/mgc-220062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-220062","url":null,"abstract":"This work elucidates the impact of strain on the optical and electronic properties of Fe-doped lithium niobate using density functional theory. The Fe-doped lithium niobate is applied with the tensile and compressive strain (10% and 20%) and optical properties are analyzed. Lithium niobate, a large bandgap material (bandgap 3.56 eV), has absorption limited to the UV region of the optical spectrum only. For the Fe-doped lithium niobate, the bandgap is 1.38 eV, with low absorption in the visible region. The computed results show that the tensile and compressive strains have significantly narrowed down the bandgap of Fe-doped lithium niobate in compression to the unstrained structures. The decrease in the bandgap is largest for the tensile strain of 20% among all the applied strains. Further, visible light absorption is also improved due to the application of strain. The improvement in visible light absorption is highest for the tensile strain of 20% with absorption completely shifted in the desired visible region. The improved visible absorption due to the applied strain makes Fe-doped lithium niobate a potential candidate for optoelectronics and solar applications.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"361 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77430523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rezaii, Leila Nazmi Miardan, M. Mahkam, M. Rezaii
Thymus species are well known as medicinal plants because of their biological and pharmacological properties. Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj. -Shos belongs to Lamiaceae. Young branches of this plant produce an essential oil that is abundant in potent and volatile compounds that have a variety of therapeutic uses. In this study, the natural composition of thymol in this plant’s essential oil was first detected with HPLC and Mass, and then the essential oil was extracted. The increase in the lipophilicity of the synthesized silylated derivatives was then examined by HPLC after numerous silylated derivatives of this phenolic compound were synthesized using various silylation reagents. These derivatives were then analyzed by FT-IR and 1HNMR analysis. The antibacterial activity of thymol with its silylated derivatives against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was next tested by diffusion method, after which the antioxidant activity of thymol with its silylated derivatives was assessed by two DPPH and FRAP methods.
{"title":"Silylation of thymol extracted from Thymus migricus essential oil, improvement of lipophilicity properties, and investigation of its pharmacological properties","authors":"E. Rezaii, Leila Nazmi Miardan, M. Mahkam, M. Rezaii","doi":"10.3233/mgc-230005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-230005","url":null,"abstract":"Thymus species are well known as medicinal plants because of their biological and pharmacological properties. Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj. -Shos belongs to Lamiaceae. Young branches of this plant produce an essential oil that is abundant in potent and volatile compounds that have a variety of therapeutic uses. In this study, the natural composition of thymol in this plant’s essential oil was first detected with HPLC and Mass, and then the essential oil was extracted. The increase in the lipophilicity of the synthesized silylated derivatives was then examined by HPLC after numerous silylated derivatives of this phenolic compound were synthesized using various silylation reagents. These derivatives were then analyzed by FT-IR and 1HNMR analysis. The antibacterial activity of thymol with its silylated derivatives against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was next tested by diffusion method, after which the antioxidant activity of thymol with its silylated derivatives was assessed by two DPPH and FRAP methods.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73948689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to obtain higher power conversion performance in dye-sensitized solar cells, phthalocyanine compounds (ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2) containing electron donor methoxy groups and aldehyde groups as anchors were synthesized in this study. The photovoltaic and electrochemical properties of these compounds were studied and their applicability as photosensitizers in DSSCs was investigated. The photovoltaic cell efficiencies (PCE) of the devices were in the range of 0.43–0.76 % under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. Considering the photovoltaic performance of the produced DSSC devices, the anchor group and the chelate effect, it was observed that the efficiency increased, respectively, ZnPc-1 < ZnPc-2. The highest PCE value of 0.76 % was obtained with asymmetric ZnPc-2 based DSSC under. It has been explained that methoxy groups are electron donors and contribute to intramolecular electron mobility and that better electron transfer with single aldehyde anchor increases cell efficiency. In addition, the increase in the number of methoxy groups with known donor properties on the molecule also contributed to the increase in cell efficiency by increasing electron transfer. All compounds synthesized were characterized using FTIR, UV-vis and MS spectroscopic data.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of dye sensitized solar cell efficiency of donor and anchor groups in phthalocyanine compounds","authors":"B. Karadoğan, I. Erden","doi":"10.3233/mgc-220129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-220129","url":null,"abstract":" In order to obtain higher power conversion performance in dye-sensitized solar cells, phthalocyanine compounds (ZnPc-1 and ZnPc-2) containing electron donor methoxy groups and aldehyde groups as anchors were synthesized in this study. The photovoltaic and electrochemical properties of these compounds were studied and their applicability as photosensitizers in DSSCs was investigated. The photovoltaic cell efficiencies (PCE) of the devices were in the range of 0.43–0.76 % under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. Considering the photovoltaic performance of the produced DSSC devices, the anchor group and the chelate effect, it was observed that the efficiency increased, respectively, ZnPc-1 < ZnPc-2. The highest PCE value of 0.76 % was obtained with asymmetric ZnPc-2 based DSSC under. It has been explained that methoxy groups are electron donors and contribute to intramolecular electron mobility and that better electron transfer with single aldehyde anchor increases cell efficiency. In addition, the increase in the number of methoxy groups with known donor properties on the molecule also contributed to the increase in cell efficiency by increasing electron transfer. All compounds synthesized were characterized using FTIR, UV-vis and MS spectroscopic data.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82291294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Doroudi, Raziye Saeidi Rashk Oliaei, L. Khorsandi, M. T. Tahmasebi Birgani, Amanollah Zarei Ahmady
Flavonoids have many biological properties, such as anticancer activity. Chalcones, one of their subunits, attribute their biological activity to their enone part. The presence of dinitrophenyl group in bischalcone because of its radiosensitivity property is important. Radiosensitivity property reduces radiation time in cancer patients and reduces damage to their healthy tissues. In this regard, 2,4-dinitrophenyl bischalcones were synthesized. The presence of 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde as a fixed component in synthesis pathway, leads to a reduction in yield of synthesis by common catalysts. Therefore, in this study, for bis-chalone synthesis, we used Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4/L-Proline nanocomposite as a green recoverable bifunctional organocatalyst. This catalyst was recovered simply by applying an external magnet and reused for eight runs. In this research, chalcones and asymmetric bis-chalcones have been synthesized with diverse substitutes in high yields (78–97%). Also, short reaction times (10–82 min), and simple experimental procedures with easy work-up are advantages of the introduced procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point and analytical techniques. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR.
黄酮类化合物具有许多生物学特性，如抗癌活性。查尔酮是其亚基之一，其生物活性归因于其烯酮部分。双查尔酮中二硝基苯基的存在对其放射敏感性具有重要意义。放射敏感性减少了癌症患者的辐射时间，减少了对其健康组织的损害。在此基础上合成了2,4-二硝基苯双查尔酮。2,4-二硝基苯甲醛作为固定组分存在于合成途径中，导致普通催化剂合成产率降低。因此，在本研究中，我们使用氧化石墨烯/Fe3O4/ l -脯氨酸纳米复合材料作为绿色可回收双功能有机催化剂来合成双氯酮。该催化剂仅通过施加外部磁铁即可回收，并重复使用了8次。本研究以不同的取代物合成了查尔酮和不对称双查尔酮，收率高达78-97%。此外，该方法的优点是反应时间短(10-82分钟)，实验程序简单，易于操作。用熔点和分析技术对合成的化合物进行了表征。合成化合物的化学结构通过IR、1HNMR和13CNMR进行了确证。
{"title":"Green synthesis of 2,4-dinitro-substituted bischalcones using bifunctional magnetic nanocatalyst","authors":"A. Doroudi, Raziye Saeidi Rashk Oliaei, L. Khorsandi, M. T. Tahmasebi Birgani, Amanollah Zarei Ahmady","doi":"10.3233/mgc-220085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-220085","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoids have many biological properties, such as anticancer activity. Chalcones, one of their subunits, attribute their biological activity to their enone part. The presence of dinitrophenyl group in bischalcone because of its radiosensitivity property is important. Radiosensitivity property reduces radiation time in cancer patients and reduces damage to their healthy tissues. In this regard, 2,4-dinitrophenyl bischalcones were synthesized. The presence of 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde as a fixed component in synthesis pathway, leads to a reduction in yield of synthesis by common catalysts. Therefore, in this study, for bis-chalone synthesis, we used Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4/L-Proline nanocomposite as a green recoverable bifunctional organocatalyst. This catalyst was recovered simply by applying an external magnet and reused for eight runs. In this research, chalcones and asymmetric bis-chalcones have been synthesized with diverse substitutes in high yields (78–97%). Also, short reaction times (10–82 min), and simple experimental procedures with easy work-up are advantages of the introduced procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point and analytical techniques. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80857288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The developments of pH–sensitive liposomes which are stable at physiological pH i.e. (6.8–7.4) have not explored much up until now. These lipid vesicles will go through destabilization and attain fusogenic properties in acidic conditions leading to liberation of aqueous contents. Carboplatin, included in the family of alkylating agent was found to exhibit adverse effects like myelo suppression, ion thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Therefore, in order to circumvent these effects, carboplatin pH-sensitive liposomes for specific delivery is the ideal criteria and it poses a great challenge since the water-soluble drugs exhibited very low entrapment efficiency. The essential portion of study was evaluated using the Design Expert software 8. The pH-sensitive liposomes were optimized using Central composite design and one factor Response surface model design method and were prepared by film hydration method. Two formulation variables like drug: lipid ratio (X1) and volume of hydration media (X2) used to vary at three different levels and the other three variables viz. temperature, speed of rotation and vacuum applied were kept constant. The Response surface and contour plots were figured to elicit the effects of interaction of variables on the overall entrapment efficiency. pH-sensitive liposomes of carboplatin have been regarded as a promising delivery systematic approach in order to target tumor tissue as evaluated by the pre-clinical studies in both in vitro and ex-vivo conditions.
{"title":"Formulation optimization of pH-sensitive liposomes based drug delivery of Carboplatin and anti-proliferative evaluation against A549 (human lung carcinoma) cell lines","authors":"Preeti Aneja, Prabha Negi, Shivali Aneja, Suyog Rajendra Garad, Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.3233/mgc-220078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-220078","url":null,"abstract":"The developments of pH–sensitive liposomes which are stable at physiological pH i.e. (6.8–7.4) have not explored much up until now. These lipid vesicles will go through destabilization and attain fusogenic properties in acidic conditions leading to liberation of aqueous contents. Carboplatin, included in the family of alkylating agent was found to exhibit adverse effects like myelo suppression, ion thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Therefore, in order to circumvent these effects, carboplatin pH-sensitive liposomes for specific delivery is the ideal criteria and it poses a great challenge since the water-soluble drugs exhibited very low entrapment efficiency. The essential portion of study was evaluated using the Design Expert software 8. The pH-sensitive liposomes were optimized using Central composite design and one factor Response surface model design method and were prepared by film hydration method. Two formulation variables like drug: lipid ratio (X1) and volume of hydration media (X2) used to vary at three different levels and the other three variables viz. temperature, speed of rotation and vacuum applied were kept constant. The Response surface and contour plots were figured to elicit the effects of interaction of variables on the overall entrapment efficiency. pH-sensitive liposomes of carboplatin have been regarded as a promising delivery systematic approach in order to target tumor tissue as evaluated by the pre-clinical studies in both in vitro and ex-vivo conditions.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84430184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to identify prospective chemistry teachers’ difficulties in comprehension of the subject of polar and nonpolar covalent bonding. In addition to that, attempts were also made to determine how they interpreted the nature of force in covalent bonding. The study was conducted in a qualitative research method. Three different concept cartoons were used for data collection. 15 prospective chemistry teachers were included in the study. All of the participants were chosen through a purposeful sampling method. The data collected were put to content analysis, consistent with the nature of qualitative research studies. Following the analyses, the prospective chemistry teachers’ levels of comprehension of the subject were revealed and the issue was discussed.
{"title":"Determination of comprehension levels of prospective chemistry teachers related to covalent bonding by using concept cartoons strategy","authors":"Şenol Şen, Senar Temel, Ö. Özcan","doi":"10.3233/mgc-220140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/mgc-220140","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify prospective chemistry teachers’ difficulties in comprehension of the subject of polar and nonpolar covalent bonding. In addition to that, attempts were also made to determine how they interpreted the nature of force in covalent bonding. The study was conducted in a qualitative research method. Three different concept cartoons were used for data collection. 15 prospective chemistry teachers were included in the study. All of the participants were chosen through a purposeful sampling method. The data collected were put to content analysis, consistent with the nature of qualitative research studies. Following the analyses, the prospective chemistry teachers’ levels of comprehension of the subject were revealed and the issue was discussed.","PeriodicalId":18027,"journal":{"name":"Main Group Chemistry","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75505314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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