The direct photopatterning technique provides a straightforward approach for high-resolution quantum dot (QD) patterns for next-generation displays. However, the extensively deteriorated QD optical properties deriving from the changes of the QD surface states and/or surroundings set substantial limitations in obtaining high-quality QD patterns and efficient electroluminescent devices. Here, we propose an ingenious and effective approach by utilizing the photoisomeric transformation from spiropyran to merocyanine for highly emissive QD patterns. We reveal the suppression of non-radiative energy transfer between QDs and the dissociative merocyanine for fast luminescence recovery. We achieve small-sized (0.8 μm), high-resolution (15,800 pixels per inch, PPI), high-fidelity (~100%), multicolor, and elaborated QD pixels, and showcase their good compatibility for CdSe/ZnS and perovskite QD pixel fabrication, as well as on both rigid and flexible substrates. These merits promote highly performing pixelated devices with a large luminance of 35,534 cd m-2 and a record efficiency of 24.5% at 6350 PPI among the direct photopatterning devices. Furthermore, we verify the wide applicability of the proposed strategy for high-performance pixelated perovskite devices with an efficiency of 13.8% at 1760 PPI. The above results confirm the great value of the proposed approach for high-quality QD patterns and high-performance pixelated devices.
直接光模式技术为下一代显示器的高分辨率量子点（QD）模式提供了一种简单的方法。然而，由于量子点表面状态和/或周围环境的变化而导致的量子点光学性质的广泛恶化，对获得高质量的量子点图案和高效的电致发光器件造成了很大的限制。在这里，我们提出了一种巧妙而有效的方法，利用从螺吡喃到merocyanine的光异构体转化来实现高发射QD模式。我们揭示了抑制量子点和解离merocyanine之间的非辐射能量转移以实现快速发光恢复。我们实现了小尺寸（0.8 μm）、高分辨率（每英寸15,800像素，PPI）、高保真度（~100%）、多色和精细的QD像素，并展示了它们与CdSe/ZnS和钙钛矿QD像素制造的良好兼容性，以及在刚性和柔性基板上的兼容性。这些优点促进了高性能的像素化器件，其亮度达到35,534 cd m-2，在6350 PPI下的效率达到24.5%。此外，我们验证了所提出的策略在高性能像素化钙钛矿器件上的广泛适用性，在1760 PPI下效率为13.8%。以上结果证实了该方法对高质量量子点模式和高性能像素化器件的巨大价值。
{"title":"Highly efficient and ultrahigh-resolution quantum dot light-emitting diodes via photoisomeric transformation.","authors":"Chenglong Wu,Chengzhao Luo,Yonghuan Huo,Zixuan Chen,Chengze Xu,Xin Zhou,Zhiyong Zheng,Xinwen Wang,Zhenwei Ren,Yu Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02246-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02246-0","url":null,"abstract":"The direct photopatterning technique provides a straightforward approach for high-resolution quantum dot (QD) patterns for next-generation displays. However, the extensively deteriorated QD optical properties deriving from the changes of the QD surface states and/or surroundings set substantial limitations in obtaining high-quality QD patterns and efficient electroluminescent devices. Here, we propose an ingenious and effective approach by utilizing the photoisomeric transformation from spiropyran to merocyanine for highly emissive QD patterns. We reveal the suppression of non-radiative energy transfer between QDs and the dissociative merocyanine for fast luminescence recovery. We achieve small-sized (0.8 μm), high-resolution (15,800 pixels per inch, PPI), high-fidelity (~100%), multicolor, and elaborated QD pixels, and showcase their good compatibility for CdSe/ZnS and perovskite QD pixel fabrication, as well as on both rigid and flexible substrates. These merits promote highly performing pixelated devices with a large luminance of 35,534 cd m-2 and a record efficiency of 24.5% at 6350 PPI among the direct photopatterning devices. Furthermore, we verify the wide applicability of the proposed strategy for high-performance pixelated perovskite devices with an efficiency of 13.8% at 1760 PPI. The above results confirm the great value of the proposed approach for high-quality QD patterns and high-performance pixelated devices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147374144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02204-w
Zhijie Li,Shen Zhao,Iuliia Melchakova,Elisabeth Erber,Christoph Sikeler,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Tim Liedl,Alexander Högele,Anvar S Baimuratov,Irina V Martynenko
The functionalization of atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with organic molecules is a promising approach for realizing nanoscale optoelectronic devices with tailored functionalities, such as quantum light generation or p-n junctions. However, achieving precise control over the molecules' positioning on the 2D material remains a significant challenge. Here, we overcome the limitations of solution- and vapor-deposition methods and use a DNA origami placement technique to spatially arrange thiol molecules on a chip surface at the single-molecule level with high assembly yields. We successfully integrated MoS2 monolayers with micron-scale thiol-origami patterns, creating quantum-emitting sites from thiol-induced localized excitons in MoS2. Our work lays a foundation for the chemical control of quantum emitters in atomically-thin semiconductors and enables the design and production of ultracompact 2D devices for quantum technologies.
{"title":"Deterministic quantum light emitters in DNA origami-engineered molecule-MoS₂ hybrids.","authors":"Zhijie Li,Shen Zhao,Iuliia Melchakova,Elisabeth Erber,Christoph Sikeler,Kenji Watanabe,Takashi Taniguchi,Tim Liedl,Alexander Högele,Anvar S Baimuratov,Irina V Martynenko","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02204-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02204-w","url":null,"abstract":"The functionalization of atomically-thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with organic molecules is a promising approach for realizing nanoscale optoelectronic devices with tailored functionalities, such as quantum light generation or p-n junctions. However, achieving precise control over the molecules' positioning on the 2D material remains a significant challenge. Here, we overcome the limitations of solution- and vapor-deposition methods and use a DNA origami placement technique to spatially arrange thiol molecules on a chip surface at the single-molecule level with high assembly yields. We successfully integrated MoS2 monolayers with micron-scale thiol-origami patterns, creating quantum-emitting sites from thiol-induced localized excitons in MoS2. Our work lays a foundation for the chemical control of quantum emitters in atomically-thin semiconductors and enables the design and production of ultracompact 2D devices for quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147374143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-09DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02232-6
Chenfeng Yang,Si Ran Wang,Jia Chen Du,Man Ting Wang,Zheng Xing Wang,Ka Fai Chan,Dong-Ze Zheng,Geng-Bo Wu
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a fundamental property of light, with widespread applications across various fields, from quantum mechanics to advanced imaging and telecommunications. The inherent orthogonality of OAM beams allows information multiplexing in unique, high-dimensional states. However, conventional OAM-based systems encounter long-standing integration and scalability challenges due to the heavy reliance on complex optical components and redundant radio frequency chains for multi-channel transmission. Here, we propose a dual-polarized asynchronous space-time-coding metasurface (DASM) for producing coaxial OAM beams in multiple physical domains through a single aperture. By synergistically combining OAM, polarization, and frequency division multiplexing, DASM constructs a high-dimensional communication framework, dramatically increasing the number of supported channels. Notably, DASM further streamlines the framework by directly modulating the information carried by OAM beams, eliminating the need for complicated external modulators. The high-dimensional multiplexing framework offers a simplified, versatile, and efficient solution for substantial development in wireless communications capacity and scalability.
{"title":"High-dimensional multiplexing through vortex electromagnetic wave manipulation by space-time-coding metasurfaces.","authors":"Chenfeng Yang,Si Ran Wang,Jia Chen Du,Man Ting Wang,Zheng Xing Wang,Ka Fai Chan,Dong-Ze Zheng,Geng-Bo Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02232-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02232-6","url":null,"abstract":"Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a fundamental property of light, with widespread applications across various fields, from quantum mechanics to advanced imaging and telecommunications. The inherent orthogonality of OAM beams allows information multiplexing in unique, high-dimensional states. However, conventional OAM-based systems encounter long-standing integration and scalability challenges due to the heavy reliance on complex optical components and redundant radio frequency chains for multi-channel transmission. Here, we propose a dual-polarized asynchronous space-time-coding metasurface (DASM) for producing coaxial OAM beams in multiple physical domains through a single aperture. By synergistically combining OAM, polarization, and frequency division multiplexing, DASM constructs a high-dimensional communication framework, dramatically increasing the number of supported channels. Notably, DASM further streamlines the framework by directly modulating the information carried by OAM beams, eliminating the need for complicated external modulators. The high-dimensional multiplexing framework offers a simplified, versatile, and efficient solution for substantial development in wireless communications capacity and scalability.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147374198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work introduces a novel on-chip integrated photonic device, the Dynamically Reconfigurable Unified Microresonator (DRUM), enabling full and dynamic control of Hermitian and non-Hermitian modal coupling between counter-propagating modes in a microresonator. The DRUM consists of a microresonator coupled to two tunable side waveguides, each incorporating a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and a phase shifter, allowing for independent manipulation of the amplitude and phase of the coupling coefficients. This unique architecture facilitates a continuous and arbitrary transition between diabolic points (DPs) and exceptional points (EPs). We experimentally demonstrate the versatility of the DRUM through several key functionalities: dynamic tuning of the resonance spectral lineshape, coherent suppression of backscattering to achieve an ideal DP, and operation in both Hermitian and non-Hermitian states, enabling continuous chirality tuning and dynamic steering between two EPs. The device achieves a chirality of ±1 at the EPs, indicating strong directionality in light propagation. The experimental results, supported by a theoretical model based on Temporal Coupled Mode Theory, pave the way for reconfigurable photonic devices that exploit (non-)Hermitian dynamics for advanced functionalities, with potential applications ranging from high-sensitivity sensors to neuromorphic computing. The DRUM overcomes the limitations of previous implementations by offering unprecedented control over the coupling between counter-propagating modes within a single integrated device.
{"title":"Coherent control of (non-)Hermitian mode coupling: tunable chirality and exceptional point dynamics in photonic microresonators.","authors":"Bülent Aslan,Riccardo Franchi,Stefano Biasi,Salamat Ali,Davide Olivieri,Lorenzo Pavesi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02176-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02176-3","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a novel on-chip integrated photonic device, the Dynamically Reconfigurable Unified Microresonator (DRUM), enabling full and dynamic control of Hermitian and non-Hermitian modal coupling between counter-propagating modes in a microresonator. The DRUM consists of a microresonator coupled to two tunable side waveguides, each incorporating a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer and a phase shifter, allowing for independent manipulation of the amplitude and phase of the coupling coefficients. This unique architecture facilitates a continuous and arbitrary transition between diabolic points (DPs) and exceptional points (EPs). We experimentally demonstrate the versatility of the DRUM through several key functionalities: dynamic tuning of the resonance spectral lineshape, coherent suppression of backscattering to achieve an ideal DP, and operation in both Hermitian and non-Hermitian states, enabling continuous chirality tuning and dynamic steering between two EPs. The device achieves a chirality of ±1 at the EPs, indicating strong directionality in light propagation. The experimental results, supported by a theoretical model based on Temporal Coupled Mode Theory, pave the way for reconfigurable photonic devices that exploit (non-)Hermitian dynamics for advanced functionalities, with potential applications ranging from high-sensitivity sensors to neuromorphic computing. The DRUM overcomes the limitations of previous implementations by offering unprecedented control over the coupling between counter-propagating modes within a single integrated device.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02195-8
Zehua Li,Guisheng Zou,Jinpeng Huo,Jin Peng,Tianming Sun,Yu Xiao,Jiali Huo,Bin Feng,Lei Liu
To develop artificial intelligence and humanoid robotics, it is crucial to fabricate advanced vision systems with high efficiency and versatility. A key challenge is the functional integration of high-speed photodetectors (PD) and neuromorphic vision sensors (NVS) into a single device, as current studies suffer from complex architectures or fabrication processes. Hence, we propose a universal Microzone Femtosecond Laser Deposition (M-FLD) technique that enables the localized, in situ deposition of zero-dimensional (0D) black phosphorus (BP) nanoparticles onto a two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 channel by ablating a micro-scale solid-state target. By M-FLD and h-BN nanomask, we fabricated a spatial asymmetric 0D/2D heterostructure for highly integrated dual-mode optoelectronic device. By changing the direction of Vds, the device can be converted from PD to NVS. Under the PD mode, the device can sense high-frequency optical signals up to 3030 Hz. Under the NVS mode, the device's optical energy consumption per activity is only 191.2 pJ. Based on the sensing and memory capabilities, the device is simulated for MNIST handwritten digit recognition, achieving an accuracy of up to 96.20%. This work provides a flexible and powerful platform for fabricating complex heterostructures, paving the way for highly integrated and reconfigurable neuromorphic vision systems.
{"title":"Dual-mode 0D/2D spatial asymmetry optoelectronic device enabled by in situ microzone femtosecond laser deposition.","authors":"Zehua Li,Guisheng Zou,Jinpeng Huo,Jin Peng,Tianming Sun,Yu Xiao,Jiali Huo,Bin Feng,Lei Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02195-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02195-8","url":null,"abstract":"To develop artificial intelligence and humanoid robotics, it is crucial to fabricate advanced vision systems with high efficiency and versatility. A key challenge is the functional integration of high-speed photodetectors (PD) and neuromorphic vision sensors (NVS) into a single device, as current studies suffer from complex architectures or fabrication processes. Hence, we propose a universal Microzone Femtosecond Laser Deposition (M-FLD) technique that enables the localized, in situ deposition of zero-dimensional (0D) black phosphorus (BP) nanoparticles onto a two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 channel by ablating a micro-scale solid-state target. By M-FLD and h-BN nanomask, we fabricated a spatial asymmetric 0D/2D heterostructure for highly integrated dual-mode optoelectronic device. By changing the direction of Vds, the device can be converted from PD to NVS. Under the PD mode, the device can sense high-frequency optical signals up to 3030 Hz. Under the NVS mode, the device's optical energy consumption per activity is only 191.2 pJ. Based on the sensing and memory capabilities, the device is simulated for MNIST handwritten digit recognition, achieving an accuracy of up to 96.20%. This work provides a flexible and powerful platform for fabricating complex heterostructures, paving the way for highly integrated and reconfigurable neuromorphic vision systems.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02151-y
Yi-Jia Mao,Zhao-Han Zhang,Yang Li,Takeshi Sato,Kenichi L Ishikawa,Feng He
Quantitative control and measurement of quantum entanglement are essential for advancing quantum technologies. Photoionization induced by ultrashort laser pulses provides a unique platform for studying entanglement between photoelectrons and residual ions, representing one of the most intriguing quantum phenomena in attosecond physics. Although extensive studies have focused on the coherence properties within either the emitted electrons or the ions individually, the electron-ion entanglement has remained largely unexplored. In this work, we bridge this gap by investigating the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of argon atoms driven by two time-delayed ultrashort ultraviolet pulses. Employing state-of-the-art first-principles multi-electron simulations, we demonstrate the ability to reconstruct and precisely manipulate the purity of electron quantum states through detailed analysis of the photoelectron angular distributions. Our results reveal distinct scattering-phase differences among various electron configurations within the same partial wave channel, providing unequivocal evidence of electron-ion correlation and entanglement. With the fast development of free-electron lasers, this study establishes an experimentally feasible framework for directly controlling quantum entanglement in ultrafast ionization processes, offering new insights and powerful methodologies for exploring complex electron dynamics in many-electron systems.
{"title":"Coherent control of electron-ion entanglement in multiphoton ionization.","authors":"Yi-Jia Mao,Zhao-Han Zhang,Yang Li,Takeshi Sato,Kenichi L Ishikawa,Feng He","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02151-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02151-y","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative control and measurement of quantum entanglement are essential for advancing quantum technologies. Photoionization induced by ultrashort laser pulses provides a unique platform for studying entanglement between photoelectrons and residual ions, representing one of the most intriguing quantum phenomena in attosecond physics. Although extensive studies have focused on the coherence properties within either the emitted electrons or the ions individually, the electron-ion entanglement has remained largely unexplored. In this work, we bridge this gap by investigating the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of argon atoms driven by two time-delayed ultrashort ultraviolet pulses. Employing state-of-the-art first-principles multi-electron simulations, we demonstrate the ability to reconstruct and precisely manipulate the purity of electron quantum states through detailed analysis of the photoelectron angular distributions. Our results reveal distinct scattering-phase differences among various electron configurations within the same partial wave channel, providing unequivocal evidence of electron-ion correlation and entanglement. With the fast development of free-electron lasers, this study establishes an experimentally feasible framework for directly controlling quantum entanglement in ultrafast ionization processes, offering new insights and powerful methodologies for exploring complex electron dynamics in many-electron systems.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical computing leverages high bandwidth, low latency, and power efficiency, which is considered as one of the most effective solutions for accelerating deep learning tasks. However, mainstream photonic hardware accelerators are primarily optimized for two-dimensional (2D) matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs). To implement three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs), high-order tensors must be reshaped in the electrical domain according to the size of the accelerators before computation, leading to extra memory usage and time overheads. Additionally, synchronization across multiple channels depends on external electronic clocks, which increases the complexity of the system. In this work, we propose an integrated photonic 3D tensor processing engine (3D-TPE) based on the interleaving modulation of time, wavelength, and space. Data caching, channel synchronization and computation are realized entirely within the optical domain, reducing memory and time usage, and simplifying the system. Optical caching and synchronization are achieved with an optical tunable delay line (OTDL) chip supporting versatile clock frequencies up to 200 GHz, and optical computing is accomplished with a dual-coupled micro-ring resonators (MRRs) based crossbar chip with a 3-dB passband width of 50 GHz. We verify the processing capabilities of the 3D-TPE at clock frequencies ranging from 10 GHz to 30 GHz and perform a proof-of-concept experiment for a LiDAR 3D point cloud image recognition task operating at 20 GHz, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.06%. The proposed 3D-TPE is anticipated to facilitate high-order tensor convolutions, playing an important role in autonomous driving, healthcare, video analytics, virtual reality, etc.
{"title":"Integrated photonic 3D tensor processing engine.","authors":"Yue Wu,Ziheng Ni,Xin Li,Yuanxun Wang,Liangjun Lu,Jianping Chen,Linjie Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02183-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02183-y","url":null,"abstract":"Optical computing leverages high bandwidth, low latency, and power efficiency, which is considered as one of the most effective solutions for accelerating deep learning tasks. However, mainstream photonic hardware accelerators are primarily optimized for two-dimensional (2D) matrix-vector multiplications (MVMs). To implement three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs), high-order tensors must be reshaped in the electrical domain according to the size of the accelerators before computation, leading to extra memory usage and time overheads. Additionally, synchronization across multiple channels depends on external electronic clocks, which increases the complexity of the system. In this work, we propose an integrated photonic 3D tensor processing engine (3D-TPE) based on the interleaving modulation of time, wavelength, and space. Data caching, channel synchronization and computation are realized entirely within the optical domain, reducing memory and time usage, and simplifying the system. Optical caching and synchronization are achieved with an optical tunable delay line (OTDL) chip supporting versatile clock frequencies up to 200 GHz, and optical computing is accomplished with a dual-coupled micro-ring resonators (MRRs) based crossbar chip with a 3-dB passband width of 50 GHz. We verify the processing capabilities of the 3D-TPE at clock frequencies ranging from 10 GHz to 30 GHz and perform a proof-of-concept experiment for a LiDAR 3D point cloud image recognition task operating at 20 GHz, achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.06%. The proposed 3D-TPE is anticipated to facilitate high-order tensor convolutions, playing an important role in autonomous driving, healthcare, video analytics, virtual reality, etc.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-06DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02124-1
Xinxin Zhou,Zixuan Ding,Fei Xu
Despite the realization of ultra-high-quality-factor (UHQ) in various dielectric micro-resonators with extensive applications, UHQ microfiber resonators which are directly compatible with all-fiber framework have not yet been achieved, primarily because of the insufficient research on the mechanical properties of microfibers, and the challenges of coupling regulation. Here, we constructed an UHQ microfiber knot resonator (MKR) fabrication model, addressing the decades-long Q-factor bottleneck and achieving a record Q-factor of 3.9 × 107, which is an improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to conventional levels. By controlling environmental parameters for producing high-quality microfibers with uniform stress and low loss, along with experimental and theoretical investigation in coupling mechanism, optimized conditions are attained, offering experimental guidance for fabricating UHQ-MKR stably and reproducibly. After fabrication and characterization, the UHQ-MKR device is also applied into an all-fiber laser scheme to boost narrow-linewidth single-frequency laser operation, highlighting the potential of the resonator. The research opens an era of UHQ microfiber resonator exceeding 107 level, paving the path for more precision and efficient microfiber guiding-wave photonics.
{"title":"Microfiber knot resonator with 107 Q-factor record.","authors":"Xinxin Zhou,Zixuan Ding,Fei Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02124-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02124-1","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the realization of ultra-high-quality-factor (UHQ) in various dielectric micro-resonators with extensive applications, UHQ microfiber resonators which are directly compatible with all-fiber framework have not yet been achieved, primarily because of the insufficient research on the mechanical properties of microfibers, and the challenges of coupling regulation. Here, we constructed an UHQ microfiber knot resonator (MKR) fabrication model, addressing the decades-long Q-factor bottleneck and achieving a record Q-factor of 3.9 × 107, which is an improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to conventional levels. By controlling environmental parameters for producing high-quality microfibers with uniform stress and low loss, along with experimental and theoretical investigation in coupling mechanism, optimized conditions are attained, offering experimental guidance for fabricating UHQ-MKR stably and reproducibly. After fabrication and characterization, the UHQ-MKR device is also applied into an all-fiber laser scheme to boost narrow-linewidth single-frequency laser operation, highlighting the potential of the resonator. The research opens an era of UHQ microfiber resonator exceeding 107 level, paving the path for more precision and efficient microfiber guiding-wave photonics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"407 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantitative determination of in-plane optical anisotropy is essential in finding or designing anisotropic low-dimensional materials and investigating their physical properties. Current determination methods are mostly qualitative or using empirical equations for quantitative calculation. A common weakness of these methods is utilizing light-matter interactions between far-field light and material samples which relies on long interaction distance. However, the thin thickness of low-dimensional material, especially atomic-layer sample, induces an exceeding short light-matter interaction distance and results in low signal-to-noise ratio as well as inaccurate measurement result. In this paper, we propose a novel determination method for in-plane optical anisotropy called azimuthal scanning excitation surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy. This method utilizes near-field light-matter interactions between material samples and surface plasmon waves oscillating along various in-plane directions. The sample complex refractive indices along all of the in-plane directions can be quantitatively retrieved and thus the magnitude of in-plane optical anisotropy, including birefringence and dichroism, is determined. This method detects the reflection phase shift in surface plasmon resonance regardless of the sample thickness and thus is applicable to ultrathin samples down to atomic-layer. As a demonstration example, monolayer, bilayer and multilayer ReS2 samples have been used to verify the validity of the proposed method, and we find that the magnitude of in-plane optical anisotropy increases with the decrease of sample thickness. This work provides a precise determination method for in-plane optical anisotropy of thin film samples with various thickness and gives a guidance in finding new anisotropic low-dimensional materials and engineering new polarized nanodevices.
{"title":"Quantitative determination of in-plane optical anisotropy by surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy.","authors":"Jiwei Zhang,Wenrui Li,Jiahao Li,Yujie Zhang,Xiaoqing Chen,Xiangyuan Luo,Siqing Dai,Xuetao Gan,Jianlin Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02207-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02207-7","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative determination of in-plane optical anisotropy is essential in finding or designing anisotropic low-dimensional materials and investigating their physical properties. Current determination methods are mostly qualitative or using empirical equations for quantitative calculation. A common weakness of these methods is utilizing light-matter interactions between far-field light and material samples which relies on long interaction distance. However, the thin thickness of low-dimensional material, especially atomic-layer sample, induces an exceeding short light-matter interaction distance and results in low signal-to-noise ratio as well as inaccurate measurement result. In this paper, we propose a novel determination method for in-plane optical anisotropy called azimuthal scanning excitation surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy. This method utilizes near-field light-matter interactions between material samples and surface plasmon waves oscillating along various in-plane directions. The sample complex refractive indices along all of the in-plane directions can be quantitatively retrieved and thus the magnitude of in-plane optical anisotropy, including birefringence and dichroism, is determined. This method detects the reflection phase shift in surface plasmon resonance regardless of the sample thickness and thus is applicable to ultrathin samples down to atomic-layer. As a demonstration example, monolayer, bilayer and multilayer ReS2 samples have been used to verify the validity of the proposed method, and we find that the magnitude of in-plane optical anisotropy increases with the decrease of sample thickness. This work provides a precise determination method for in-plane optical anisotropy of thin film samples with various thickness and gives a guidance in finding new anisotropic low-dimensional materials and engineering new polarized nanodevices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) offer superior efficiency and high colour purity, making them promising candidates for next-generation lighting and display technologies. However, fabricating the emissive perovskite quantum dot (QD) layer typically requires a protective atmosphere due to its air sensitivity, thereby increasing production costs and limiting industrial scalability. Here, we propose an ion-pair pinning strategy by using tetraalkylammonium triflate (NR4OTf) to enable ambient-air processing of formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) QD films. The trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anions (OTf-) hydrogen bond with FA+, inhibiting its detachment and passivating the uncoordinated Pb2+, while the tetraalkylammonium cations (NR4+) serve as X-type ligands to inhibit deprotonation. This dual ion-pair pinning effect stabilises the QD lattice and provides surface resistance to moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the uniformity, stability, and optoelectronic performance of air-processed QD films. The as-constructed air-processed QLED achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.3% and a peak luminance of over 3 × 104 cd m-2 at 529 nm with Rec. 2020 compliance (EQE of 23.9% and luminance of over 8 × 104 cd m-2 for the N2-processed QLED). Our work eliminates the reliance on inert gas protection in perovskite QLED fabrication, laying a foundation for their low-cost, large-scale manufacturing and expansion into diversified applications.
钙钛矿量子点发光二极管（qled）具有卓越的效率和高颜色纯度，使其成为下一代照明和显示技术的有希望的候选者。然而，由于其对空气的敏感性，制造发射钙钛矿量子点（QD）层通常需要一个保护气氛，从而增加了生产成本并限制了工业可扩展性。在这里，我们提出了一种离子对钉钉策略，通过使用四烷基三酸铵（NR4OTf）来实现对甲醛溴化铅（FAPbBr3） QD薄膜的环境空气处理。三氟甲烷磺酸阴离子（OTf-）氢键与FA+结合，抑制FA+脱离，钝化未配位的Pb2+，而四烷基铵阳离子（NR4+）作为x型配体抑制去质子化。这种双离子对钉钉效应稳定了量子点晶格，并提供了表面抗湿气和氧气的能力，从而提高了空气处理量子点薄膜的均匀性、稳定性和光电性能。所构建的空气处理QLED实现了21.3%的高外量子效率（EQE），在529 nm处的峰值亮度超过3 × 104 cd - m-2，符合Rec. 2020标准（EQE为23.9%，亮度超过8 × 104 cd - m-2）。我们的工作消除了钙钛矿QLED制造中对惰性气体保护的依赖，为其低成本，大规模制造和扩展到多样化应用奠定了基础。
{"title":"Ion-pair pinning on perovskite quantum dots for high-efficiency air-processed light-emitting diodes with Rec. 2020 compliance.","authors":"Yuhang Cui,Danlei Zhu,Jiawei Chen,Shuyue Dong,Yuanzhuang Cheng,Xiangyu Liu,Xinghua Yan,Zicong Jin,Lian Duan,Jian Xu,Dongxin Ma","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02247-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02247-z","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) offer superior efficiency and high colour purity, making them promising candidates for next-generation lighting and display technologies. However, fabricating the emissive perovskite quantum dot (QD) layer typically requires a protective atmosphere due to its air sensitivity, thereby increasing production costs and limiting industrial scalability. Here, we propose an ion-pair pinning strategy by using tetraalkylammonium triflate (NR4OTf) to enable ambient-air processing of formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) QD films. The trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anions (OTf-) hydrogen bond with FA+, inhibiting its detachment and passivating the uncoordinated Pb2+, while the tetraalkylammonium cations (NR4+) serve as X-type ligands to inhibit deprotonation. This dual ion-pair pinning effect stabilises the QD lattice and provides surface resistance to moisture and oxygen, thereby improving the uniformity, stability, and optoelectronic performance of air-processed QD films. The as-constructed air-processed QLED achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.3% and a peak luminance of over 3 × 104 cd m-2 at 529 nm with Rec. 2020 compliance (EQE of 23.9% and luminance of over 8 × 104 cd m-2 for the N2-processed QLED). Our work eliminates the reliance on inert gas protection in perovskite QLED fabrication, laying a foundation for their low-cost, large-scale manufacturing and expansion into diversified applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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