Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3311
Tao Li, Majid Khan, Majahar Ali, Tian Ying, Lili Wu
The credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprises in China is the biggest obstacle to corporate loans. Building a credit risk assessment model for Shouguang vegetable enterprises and accurately rating the risk of loan enterprises is the key to successful loans. This article aims to construct an AHP evaluation model for the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprises. The data is sourced from managers, bank credit personnel, university researchers, and enterprise related customers who are familiar with the enterprise, while considering four risk levels: impact degree(I), occurrence probability(P), risk manageability(M), and government support(S). This article uses AHP and risk index scores to evaluate the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprises. This model calculates the risk index score based on survey data from 41 corporate credit risk professionals, constructs a pairwise comparison judgment matrix, and conducts consistency testing. It calculates the risk level membership vectors of impact degree, occurrence probability, risk manageability, and government support level at four risk levels, and then calculates the comprehensive evaluation membership vector of credit risk for Shouguang vegetable enterprise. The calculation results show that the comprehensive credit risk assessment level of Shouguang vegetable enterprise belongs to the general risk level, with a membership value of 0.5836. The results still show that the credit rating of Shouguang vegetable enterprises in the four risk levels of impact degree, occurrence probability, risk manageability, and government support are all average risk levels, but there are differences in membership values. The maximum membership value under the impact degree level is 0.6163, and the minimum membership value under the risk manageability level is 0.5572. This study provides a feasible and practical model for enterprise credit risk assessment and conducts a detailed evaluation of the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprise, providing valuable reference for enterprise managers, bank credit personnel, and related researchers.
{"title":"Enterprise Credit Risk Decision: Application Based on Improved AHP","authors":"Tao Li, Majid Khan, Majahar Ali, Tian Ying, Lili Wu","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3311","url":null,"abstract":"The credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprises in China is the biggest obstacle to corporate loans. Building a credit risk assessment model for Shouguang vegetable enterprises and accurately rating the risk of loan enterprises is the key to successful loans. This article aims to construct an AHP evaluation model for the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprises. The data is sourced from managers, bank credit personnel, university researchers, and enterprise related customers who are familiar with the enterprise, while considering four risk levels: impact degree(I), occurrence probability(P), risk manageability(M), and government support(S). This article uses AHP and risk index scores to evaluate the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprises. This model calculates the risk index score based on survey data from 41 corporate credit risk professionals, constructs a pairwise comparison judgment matrix, and conducts consistency testing. It calculates the risk level membership vectors of impact degree, occurrence probability, risk manageability, and government support level at four risk levels, and then calculates the comprehensive evaluation membership vector of credit risk for Shouguang vegetable enterprise. The calculation results show that the comprehensive credit risk assessment level of Shouguang vegetable enterprise belongs to the general risk level, with a membership value of 0.5836. The results still show that the credit rating of Shouguang vegetable enterprises in the four risk levels of impact degree, occurrence probability, risk manageability, and government support are all average risk levels, but there are differences in membership values. The maximum membership value under the impact degree level is 0.6163, and the minimum membership value under the risk manageability level is 0.5572. This study provides a feasible and practical model for enterprise credit risk assessment and conducts a detailed evaluation of the credit risk of Shouguang vegetable enterprise, providing valuable reference for enterprise managers, bank credit personnel, and related researchers.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140661079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3058
Dg. Nooralizan Abd Wahid, Abu Bakar Abd Rahman, Ag Sufiyan Abd Hamid, M. Z. H. Makmud, Z. Jamain, Lucky Goh Poh Wah, Syed Umar Faruq Syed Najmuddin, Nur Zaida Zahari, Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh, M. K. Sabullah
The increasing activity of meliponiculture which plays a role as a natural agricultural pollinator as well as the production of stingless bee honey over time has encouraged high-impact research efforts around the world. Stingless bee honey is well known as a "superfood" product and has received significant attention due to its various applications such as the treatment of various diseases both traditionally and clinically. In this context, understanding interesting topics and expanding the network of collaborations is desirable to advance research towards integrated efforts, moreover, the Southeast Asia region (SEA) is one of the major revenue contributors to the global market, especially stingless bees. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the research literature on stingless bee honey in the SEA region by conducting a bibliometric analysis of research papers in the Scopus database. A total of 543 journal articles published between 1984–2022 were obtained. The results have shown that since 2008, the average number of publications has increased by 35 articles per year, resulting in a steady increase in the number of publications accumulated until 2022. Only six countries are listed and almost 60% of total SEA publications are contributed by researchers from Malaysia, followed by Indonesia and Thailand which contribute 21% and 15%, respectively. In addition, among the top 10 most productive affiliates from every country in SEA, seven are universities in Malaysia, while Indonesia and Thailand have only one. The intellectual structure of research on stingless honey has been studied to offer a basic insight into the latest developments in this field of research, which will provide researchers and academics with broad guidelines for conducting further research in related fields.
{"title":"Visualization of the Stingless Bee Research in Southeast Asia Region through Bibliometric Analysis using Scopus Database from 1984 to 2022","authors":"Dg. Nooralizan Abd Wahid, Abu Bakar Abd Rahman, Ag Sufiyan Abd Hamid, M. Z. H. Makmud, Z. Jamain, Lucky Goh Poh Wah, Syed Umar Faruq Syed Najmuddin, Nur Zaida Zahari, Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh, M. K. Sabullah","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3058","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing activity of meliponiculture which plays a role as a natural agricultural pollinator as well as the production of stingless bee honey over time has encouraged high-impact research efforts around the world. Stingless bee honey is well known as a \"superfood\" product and has received significant attention due to its various applications such as the treatment of various diseases both traditionally and clinically. In this context, understanding interesting topics and expanding the network of collaborations is desirable to advance research towards integrated efforts, moreover, the Southeast Asia region (SEA) is one of the major revenue contributors to the global market, especially stingless bees. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the research literature on stingless bee honey in the SEA region by conducting a bibliometric analysis of research papers in the Scopus database. A total of 543 journal articles published between 1984–2022 were obtained. The results have shown that since 2008, the average number of publications has increased by 35 articles per year, resulting in a steady increase in the number of publications accumulated until 2022. Only six countries are listed and almost 60% of total SEA publications are contributed by researchers from Malaysia, followed by Indonesia and Thailand which contribute 21% and 15%, respectively. In addition, among the top 10 most productive affiliates from every country in SEA, seven are universities in Malaysia, while Indonesia and Thailand have only one. The intellectual structure of research on stingless honey has been studied to offer a basic insight into the latest developments in this field of research, which will provide researchers and academics with broad guidelines for conducting further research in related fields.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140659185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3263
Voon Hueh Goh, Muhammad Asraf Mansor, M. A. As’ari, L. Ismail
Semen analysis is an important analysis for male infertility primary investigation and manual semen analysis is a conventional method to assess it. Manual semen analysis has been revealed with accuracy and precision limitations due to noncompliance to guidelines and procedures. Sperm motility and concentration are the main indicators for pregnancy and conception rate hence they were selected for parameters prediction. Convolutional neural network (CNN) has benefited computer vision application industry in recent years and has been widely applied in computer vision research tasks. In this paper, three-dimensional CNN (3DCNN) was designed to extract motion and temporal features, which are vital for sperm motility prediction. For sperm concentration, since two-dimensional CNN (2DCNN) is efficient in recognizing and extracting spatial features, well-established Residual Network (ResNet) architecture was adopted and customized for sperm concentration prediction. Multimodal learning approach is a technique to aggregate learnt features from different deep learning architecture that adopted other forms of modalities, which could provide deep learning model with better insights on their tasks. Hence, a multimodal learning deep learning architecture was designed to receive both image-based (frames extracted from video samples) and video-based (stacked frames pre-processed from video samples) input that could provide well-extracted spatial and temporal features for sperm parameters prediction. The results obtained using the proposed methodology have surpassed other similar research works who used deep learning approach. For sperm motility, its best achieved average mean absolute error (MAE) was 8.048, and sperm concentration obtained a competent Pearson’s correlation coefficient (RP) value of 0.853.
{"title":"Multimodal Convolutional Neural Networks for Sperm Motility and Concentration Predictions","authors":"Voon Hueh Goh, Muhammad Asraf Mansor, M. A. As’ari, L. Ismail","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3263","url":null,"abstract":"Semen analysis is an important analysis for male infertility primary investigation and manual semen analysis is a conventional method to assess it. Manual semen analysis has been revealed with accuracy and precision limitations due to noncompliance to guidelines and procedures. Sperm motility and concentration are the main indicators for pregnancy and conception rate hence they were selected for parameters prediction. Convolutional neural network (CNN) has benefited computer vision application industry in recent years and has been widely applied in computer vision research tasks. In this paper, three-dimensional CNN (3DCNN) was designed to extract motion and temporal features, which are vital for sperm motility prediction. For sperm concentration, since two-dimensional CNN (2DCNN) is efficient in recognizing and extracting spatial features, well-established Residual Network (ResNet) architecture was adopted and customized for sperm concentration prediction. Multimodal learning approach is a technique to aggregate learnt features from different deep learning architecture that adopted other forms of modalities, which could provide deep learning model with better insights on their tasks. Hence, a multimodal learning deep learning architecture was designed to receive both image-based (frames extracted from video samples) and video-based (stacked frames pre-processed from video samples) input that could provide well-extracted spatial and temporal features for sperm parameters prediction. The results obtained using the proposed methodology have surpassed other similar research works who used deep learning approach. For sperm motility, its best achieved average mean absolute error (MAE) was 8.048, and sperm concentration obtained a competent Pearson’s correlation coefficient (RP) value of 0.853.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3154
Athirah Mohd Bakri, Y. Esa
Lates calcarifer is one of the most commercial species in the world. Yet, phylogenetic relationships among this cryptic species remain unclear despite its significance in the fishery sector. The first report on bifurcation of captive Lates calcarifer in Peninsular Malaysia (PM) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome was discussed in the present study. Two mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Lates species were sequenced and assembled. The mitogenome length was 16,627 bp and 16,515 bp for K4 and S15, respectively. The majority of PCGs in both species exhibited the common initiation marker ATG codon and ended with termination marker TAA codon. Also, the incomplete termination codon T/TA was found in both species. Most AT-skew and GC-skew values observed in the protein-coding genes (PCGs) across the two samples were negative. The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 protein-coding genes by Maximum-Likelihood tree displayed two lineages from different regions which were from Myanmar/Indian waters (K4) and Southeast Asia/ Australian waters (S15). The striking genetic distance values between both specimens indicated 13 PCGs were suffering purifying selection. This study offers significant information for future analyses of evolutionary relationships among the numerous and taxonomically puzzling perciform fishes.
{"title":"Comparative Mitogenome Characterization of Cryptic Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) in Captivity within Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Athirah Mohd Bakri, Y. Esa","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3154","url":null,"abstract":"Lates calcarifer is one of the most commercial species in the world. Yet, phylogenetic relationships among this cryptic species remain unclear despite its significance in the fishery sector. The first report on bifurcation of captive Lates calcarifer in Peninsular Malaysia (PM) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome was discussed in the present study. Two mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Lates species were sequenced and assembled. The mitogenome length was 16,627 bp and 16,515 bp for K4 and S15, respectively. The majority of PCGs in both species exhibited the common initiation marker ATG codon and ended with termination marker TAA codon. Also, the incomplete termination codon T/TA was found in both species. Most AT-skew and GC-skew values observed in the protein-coding genes (PCGs) across the two samples were negative. The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 protein-coding genes by Maximum-Likelihood tree displayed two lineages from different regions which were from Myanmar/Indian waters (K4) and Southeast Asia/ Australian waters (S15). The striking genetic distance values between both specimens indicated 13 PCGs were suffering purifying selection. This study offers significant information for future analyses of evolutionary relationships among the numerous and taxonomically puzzling perciform fishes.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3240
Siti Nur Idara Rosli, M. I. E. Zulkifly
Complex data is defined as data that has the qualities of huge data, a lack of data information, and uncertainty. This paper discussed constructing the interval neutrosophic cubic Bézier curve (INCBC) approximation model for complex data. To construct the interval neutrosophic data point (INDP) based on the definition of interval neutrosophic set (INS), interval neutrosophic relation (INR) and interval neutrosophic point (INP). Next is the introduction of an interval neutrosophic control point (INCP) that blends with the theory of interval neutrosophic set and the Bernstein basis function. Later, the interval neutrosophic cubic Bézier curve (INCBC) model is visualizing with a four-by-four control points relation approximates the curves for truth, false, and indeterminacy membership. At the end of this paper will demonstrate the algorithm for the creation of the interval neutrosophic cubic Bézier curve (INCBC). The scientific value of this work is the acceptance of complex uncertainty data. As a result, due to the fact it combines fuzzy geometric modelling, this approach has the potential to make a significant contribution to complex uncertainty modelling by using this spline which is Bézier curve model.
{"title":"Interval Neutrosophic Cubic Bézier Curve Approximation Model for Complex Data","authors":"Siti Nur Idara Rosli, M. I. E. Zulkifly","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3240","url":null,"abstract":"Complex data is defined as data that has the qualities of huge data, a lack of data information, and uncertainty. This paper discussed constructing the interval neutrosophic cubic Bézier curve (INCBC) approximation model for complex data. To construct the interval neutrosophic data point (INDP) based on the definition of interval neutrosophic set (INS), interval neutrosophic relation (INR) and interval neutrosophic point (INP). Next is the introduction of an interval neutrosophic control point (INCP) that blends with the theory of interval neutrosophic set and the Bernstein basis function. Later, the interval neutrosophic cubic Bézier curve (INCBC) model is visualizing with a four-by-four control points relation approximates the curves for truth, false, and indeterminacy membership. At the end of this paper will demonstrate the algorithm for the creation of the interval neutrosophic cubic Bézier curve (INCBC). The scientific value of this work is the acceptance of complex uncertainty data. As a result, due to the fact it combines fuzzy geometric modelling, this approach has the potential to make a significant contribution to complex uncertainty modelling by using this spline which is Bézier curve model.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3464
Muhammad Luqman Selahuddeen, Marouane Bouguerra, Siti Ernieyanti Hashim, R. Abdul Wahab, A. F. A. Samad, Faizuan Abdullah
Extraction has been the primary method of concentrating and obtaining a crude essence of plants, and to an extend fruits and nuts. In modern times, there are many methods of extraction developed from simple maceration to using Soxhlet extractor to microwave assisted extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction. However, the more time saving and energy efficient method for the extraction of plants needs to be investigated. This research explored optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of flavonoids from Leucas zeylanica and the optimization was done on parameters of sonication time (minutes), water bath temperature (°C), volume of solvent to solid ratio (ml/g) and solvent concentration (%) using response surface methodology (RSM). By measuring the total flavonoid content using aluminium colorimetric method and UV visible spectrophotometry, highest flavonoid yield is achieved with 30.38% increase compared to unoptimized method. This occurred with sonication time of 42 minutes, temperature of 55°C, solvent to solid ratio of 40 ml/g and solvent concentration of 100%. The resulting extract was then tested for its anthelmintic (anti-worm) ability, obtaining 40% efficacy of that of Albendazole.
{"title":"Investigation on Optimized Flavonoid Extraction from Leucas zeylanica and Its Anthelmintic Activity","authors":"Muhammad Luqman Selahuddeen, Marouane Bouguerra, Siti Ernieyanti Hashim, R. Abdul Wahab, A. F. A. Samad, Faizuan Abdullah","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3464","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction has been the primary method of concentrating and obtaining a crude essence of plants, and to an extend fruits and nuts. In modern times, there are many methods of extraction developed from simple maceration to using Soxhlet extractor to microwave assisted extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction. However, the more time saving and energy efficient method for the extraction of plants needs to be investigated. This research explored optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of flavonoids from Leucas zeylanica and the optimization was done on parameters of sonication time (minutes), water bath temperature (°C), volume of solvent to solid ratio (ml/g) and solvent concentration (%) using response surface methodology (RSM). By measuring the total flavonoid content using aluminium colorimetric method and UV visible spectrophotometry, highest flavonoid yield is achieved with 30.38% increase compared to unoptimized method. This occurred with sonication time of 42 minutes, temperature of 55°C, solvent to solid ratio of 40 ml/g and solvent concentration of 100%. The resulting extract was then tested for its anthelmintic (anti-worm) ability, obtaining 40% efficacy of that of Albendazole.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3310
Yousef Khoubrane, Noor Asiah Ramli, Siti Shaliza Mohd Khairi
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a well-established non-parametric technique for performance measurement to access the efficiency of Decision-Making Units (DMUs). However, its inability to predict the efficiency values of new DMUs without re-conducting the analysis on the entire dataset has led to the integration of Machine Learning (ML) in previous studies to address this limitation. Yet, such integration often lacks a thorough evaluation of ML's adaptability in replacing current DEA process. This paper presents the results of an empirical study that employed eight ML models, two DEA variants, and a dataset of S&P500 companies. The findings demonstrated ML’s remarkable precision in predicting efficiency values derived from a single DEA run and comparable performance in predicting the efficiency of new DMUs, thus eliminating the need for repeated DEA. This discovery highlights ML’s robustness as a complementary tool for DEA in continuous efficiency estimation, rendering the practice of re-conducting DEA unnecessary. Notably, boosting models within the Ensemble Learning category consistently outperformed other models, highlighting their effectiveness in the context of DEA efficiency prediction. Particularly, CatBoost demonstrated its superiority as the top-performing model, followed by LightGBM in the second position in most cases. When extended to five enlarged datasets, it shows that the model exhibits superior R² values in the CRS scenario.
数据包络分析法（DEA）是一种成熟的非参数技术，用于衡量决策单位（DMU）的效率。然而，由于其无法在不对整个数据集重新进行分析的情况下预测新 DMU 的效率值，因此在以往的研究中引入了机器学习（ML）来解决这一局限性。然而，这种整合往往缺乏对 ML 在替代当前 DEA 过程中的适应性的全面评估。本文介绍了一项实证研究的结果，该研究采用了八个 ML 模型、两个 DEA 变体和一个 S&P500 公司数据集。研究结果表明，ML 在预测单次 DEA 运行得出的效率值方面具有极高的精确度，在预测新 DMU 的效率方面也有不相上下的表现，因此无需重复进行 DEA。这一发现凸显了 ML 在连续效率估计中作为 DEA 补充工具的稳健性，使重新进行 DEA 的做法变得没有必要。值得注意的是，"集合学习 "类别中的 "助推 "模型的表现始终优于其他模型，这凸显了它们在 DEA 效率预测方面的有效性。其中，CatBoost 模型表现尤为突出，成为表现最好的模型，LightGBM 在大多数情况下紧随其后，位居第二。当扩展到五个扩大的数据集时，结果表明该模型在 CRS 情景下表现出更优越的 R² 值。
{"title":"Performance Measurement: Machine Learning as a Complement to DEA for Continuous Efficiency Estimation","authors":"Yousef Khoubrane, Noor Asiah Ramli, Siti Shaliza Mohd Khairi","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3310","url":null,"abstract":"Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a well-established non-parametric technique for performance measurement to access the efficiency of Decision-Making Units (DMUs). However, its inability to predict the efficiency values of new DMUs without re-conducting the analysis on the entire dataset has led to the integration of Machine Learning (ML) in previous studies to address this limitation. Yet, such integration often lacks a thorough evaluation of ML's adaptability in replacing current DEA process. This paper presents the results of an empirical study that employed eight ML models, two DEA variants, and a dataset of S&P500 companies. The findings demonstrated ML’s remarkable precision in predicting efficiency values derived from a single DEA run and comparable performance in predicting the efficiency of new DMUs, thus eliminating the need for repeated DEA. This discovery highlights ML’s robustness as a complementary tool for DEA in continuous efficiency estimation, rendering the practice of re-conducting DEA unnecessary. Notably, boosting models within the Ensemble Learning category consistently outperformed other models, highlighting their effectiveness in the context of DEA efficiency prediction. Particularly, CatBoost demonstrated its superiority as the top-performing model, followed by LightGBM in the second position in most cases. When extended to five enlarged datasets, it shows that the model exhibits superior R² values in the CRS scenario. ","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140665388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3091
S. Daud, Muhammad Ilham Ahmad Zaini, Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz, A. F. Ahmad Noorden
A ring cavity setup consisting of erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) as the optical pump and lyot filter aids in the production of a multiwavelength spectrum. The wavelength of EDFA pumps in photons range of 1530 nm to 1560 nm, respectively. Using maximum power of 18 dBm and a single mode fibre (SMF) of 10 km length, the number of peak lasing lines produced between 3 dB spectral range is 51. Tuning of the polarization controller (PC) to a specific angle helps provide the most stable lasing line. Stability test is done on the output multiwavelength fibre laser (MWFL) over a time period to analyze the wavelength stability.
{"title":"Generation of Multiwavelength Fibre Laser based on Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier with Lyot Filter","authors":"S. Daud, Muhammad Ilham Ahmad Zaini, Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz, A. F. Ahmad Noorden","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3091","url":null,"abstract":"A ring cavity setup consisting of erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) as the optical pump and lyot filter aids in the production of a multiwavelength spectrum. The wavelength of EDFA pumps in photons range of 1530 nm to 1560 nm, respectively. Using maximum power of 18 dBm and a single mode fibre (SMF) of 10 km length, the number of peak lasing lines produced between 3 dB spectral range is 51. Tuning of the polarization controller (PC) to a specific angle helps provide the most stable lasing line. Stability test is done on the output multiwavelength fibre laser (MWFL) over a time period to analyze the wavelength stability.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3357
M. U. Romdhini, A. Nawawi, F. Al-Sharqi, A. Al-Quran
A fundamental feature of spectral graph theory is the correspondence between matrix and graph. As a result of this relation, the characteristic polynomial of the graph can be formulated. This research focuses on the power graph of dihedral groups using degree-based matrices. Throughout this paper, we formulate the characteristic polynomial of the power graph of dihedral groups based on seven types of graph matrices which include the maximum degree, the minimum degree, the greatest common divisor degree, the first Zagreb, the second Zagreb, the misbalance degree, and the Nirmala matrices.
{"title":"Characteristic Polynomial of Power Graph for Dihedral Groups Using Degree-Based Matrices","authors":"M. U. Romdhini, A. Nawawi, F. Al-Sharqi, A. Al-Quran","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3357","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental feature of spectral graph theory is the correspondence between matrix and graph. As a result of this relation, the characteristic polynomial of the graph can be formulated. This research focuses on the power graph of dihedral groups using degree-based matrices. Throughout this paper, we formulate the characteristic polynomial of the power graph of dihedral groups based on seven types of graph matrices which include the maximum degree, the minimum degree, the greatest common divisor degree, the first Zagreb, the second Zagreb, the misbalance degree, and the Nirmala matrices.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3248
Nursyah Fitri Mahadi, Azman Abd Samad, A. F. A. Samad
Persicaria odorata is an herbaceous plant with antifungal and antibacterial properties. The plant produces secondary metabolites, including phenols, sulphur-containing compounds and terpenoids, in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Terpenoids in P. odorata are synthesized through the mevalonate (MVA) and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5phosphate isomerase (DXR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the MEP pathway and may be regulated by microRNA (miRNA) miR398. There is a lack of evidence showing miR398 regulation in terpenoid biosynthesis in P. odorata through DXR-targeting. The study aimed to verify the stem-loop structure of miR398 and analyse its expression towards the target gene, DXR, in treated and control P. odorata. RNA was quantified and qualitatively analysed using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. The stem loop of miR398 was verified using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis. The expression of miR398 and DXR was compared between control and treated samples. Treated leaves were punctured with needles and left for 48h before harvest. Gene expressions were quantified and normalised using reference genes. The stem-loop structure of miR398 was confirmed, despite possible primer mismatches and unspecific binding. This step was essential before comparing and assessing the gene expression of miR398 and DXR. A decrease in abundance of miR398 whereas in increase in abundance was in the treated sample compared to the control sample indicating that miR398 negatively regulated DXR under stress conditions, suggesting an increase in terpenoid synthesis as a defence mechanism. DXR acts as a rate-limiting enzyme in the MEP metabolic pathway. Further studies are needed to quantify the effects of miR398 on terpenoid biosynthesis after wounding in P. odorata.
{"title":"Identification of MiR398 and Its Regulatory Roles in Terpenoid Biosynthesis of Persicaria odorata","authors":"Nursyah Fitri Mahadi, Azman Abd Samad, A. F. A. Samad","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3248","url":null,"abstract":"Persicaria odorata is an herbaceous plant with antifungal and antibacterial properties. The plant produces secondary metabolites, including phenols, sulphur-containing compounds and terpenoids, in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Terpenoids in P. odorata are synthesized through the mevalonate (MVA) and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5phosphate isomerase (DXR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the MEP pathway and may be regulated by microRNA (miRNA) miR398. There is a lack of evidence showing miR398 regulation in terpenoid biosynthesis in P. odorata through DXR-targeting. The study aimed to verify the stem-loop structure of miR398 and analyse its expression towards the target gene, DXR, in treated and control P. odorata. RNA was quantified and qualitatively analysed using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. The stem loop of miR398 was verified using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis. The expression of miR398 and DXR was compared between control and treated samples. Treated leaves were punctured with needles and left for 48h before harvest. Gene expressions were quantified and normalised using reference genes. The stem-loop structure of miR398 was confirmed, despite possible primer mismatches and unspecific binding. This step was essential before comparing and assessing the gene expression of miR398 and DXR. A decrease in abundance of miR398 whereas in increase in abundance was in the treated sample compared to the control sample indicating that miR398 negatively regulated DXR under stress conditions, suggesting an increase in terpenoid synthesis as a defence mechanism. DXR acts as a rate-limiting enzyme in the MEP metabolic pathway. Further studies are needed to quantify the effects of miR398 on terpenoid biosynthesis after wounding in P. odorata.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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