Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3088
Zati Iwani Abdul Manaf, Mohd Hafiz Mohd
The combined effects of (symmetric or asymmetric) dispersal and refuge mechanisms can have a significant impact on prey-predator dynamics. However, there remains a knowledge gap in concerning the incorporation of asymmetrical dispersal in the presence of prey refuges. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the influence of varying levels of asymmetrical (i.e., predator) dispersal on the interactions between prey and predators, as well as the role of prey refuges in facilitating species coexistence. The investigation begins by introducing an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for the prey-predator system, which is subsequently extended to a partial differential equation (PDE) model. By conducting one-parameter bifurcation analysis on both models, the presence of transcritical and Hopf bifurcation points is established. Furthermore, the research delves into the spatio-temporal dynamics of the PDE model, capturing the intricate interactions between a specialized prey species and its predator. The focus is on examining the effects of different strengths of predator dispersal on the dynamics of the prey-predator system. The aim is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how predator dispersal influences the stability and persistence of the system, and to investigate the ecological implications of these dynamics in terms of prey-predator coexistence. Hence, the main findings of the research suggest that the increased levels of predator dispersal led to a wider range of prey refuges, supporting species coexistence. In conclusion, this study emphasises the critical importance of predator and prey dispersal dynamics in determining the key mechanisms that can promote species coexistence
{"title":"The Effects of Varying Predator Dispersal Strength on Prey-Predator Dynamics with Refuge Process","authors":"Zati Iwani Abdul Manaf, Mohd Hafiz Mohd","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3088","url":null,"abstract":"The combined effects of (symmetric or asymmetric) dispersal and refuge mechanisms can have a significant impact on prey-predator dynamics. However, there remains a knowledge gap in concerning the incorporation of asymmetrical dispersal in the presence of prey refuges. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the influence of varying levels of asymmetrical (i.e., predator) dispersal on the interactions between prey and predators, as well as the role of prey refuges in facilitating species coexistence. The investigation begins by introducing an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for the prey-predator system, which is subsequently extended to a partial differential equation (PDE) model. By conducting one-parameter bifurcation analysis on both models, the presence of transcritical and Hopf bifurcation points is established. Furthermore, the research delves into the spatio-temporal dynamics of the PDE model, capturing the intricate interactions between a specialized prey species and its predator. The focus is on examining the effects of different strengths of predator dispersal on the dynamics of the prey-predator system. The aim is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how predator dispersal influences the stability and persistence of the system, and to investigate the ecological implications of these dynamics in terms of prey-predator coexistence. Hence, the main findings of the research suggest that the increased levels of predator dispersal led to a wider range of prey refuges, supporting species coexistence. In conclusion, this study emphasises the critical importance of predator and prey dispersal dynamics in determining the key mechanisms that can promote species coexistence","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3049
Lloyd Earl L. Flandez, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel, Joel P. Rivadeneira, Arvin Paul P. Tuaño, Amelia B Hizon-Fradejas
Phenolic compounds are natural substances that exhibit different functional bioactivities and provide health-protective actions against chronic illnesses. The vast potential of these compounds in health and other sectors demands the establishment of analytical procedures for their immediate and simultaneous analysis. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin hydrate, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, myricetin, resveratrol, and quercetin. The chromatographic separation of the selected polyphenols was carried out in a reversed-phase Inertsil ODS-3 column (250mm x 4.5mm x 5µm) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, injection volume of 20 µL, and column temperature of 30°C. The detection and quantification of phenolic compounds were done at specific wavelengths (254, 275, 305, and 325 nm) using gradient elution for 40 minutes, with acidified water and acetonitrile solution as mobile phase. Validation of the established analytical procedure showed that the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.99), limit of detection (0.01 to 0.35 µg/mL), limit of quantitation (0.03 to 1.07 µg/mL), recovery values (98.33 to 101.12%), and repeatability (RSD < 5%) respectively indicated a linear, sensitive, accurate, and precise analytical method for the simultaneous chromatographic analysis of the 12 phenolic compounds. Overall, the developed HPLC-DAD procedure can offer adequate confidence for the identification and quantification of specific polyphenols and can be modified or updated for future analysis of phenolic compounds in different plant extracts.
{"title":"Development and Validation of an HPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Phenolic Compounds","authors":"Lloyd Earl L. Flandez, Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel, Joel P. Rivadeneira, Arvin Paul P. Tuaño, Amelia B Hizon-Fradejas","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3049","url":null,"abstract":"Phenolic compounds are natural substances that exhibit different functional bioactivities and provide health-protective actions against chronic illnesses. The vast potential of these compounds in health and other sectors demands the establishment of analytical procedures for their immediate and simultaneous analysis. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin hydrate, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, myricetin, resveratrol, and quercetin. The chromatographic separation of the selected polyphenols was carried out in a reversed-phase Inertsil ODS-3 column (250mm x 4.5mm x 5µm) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, injection volume of 20 µL, and column temperature of 30°C. The detection and quantification of phenolic compounds were done at specific wavelengths (254, 275, 305, and 325 nm) using gradient elution for 40 minutes, with acidified water and acetonitrile solution as mobile phase. Validation of the established analytical procedure showed that the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.99), limit of detection (0.01 to 0.35 µg/mL), limit of quantitation (0.03 to 1.07 µg/mL), recovery values (98.33 to 101.12%), and repeatability (RSD < 5%) respectively indicated a linear, sensitive, accurate, and precise analytical method for the simultaneous chromatographic analysis of the 12 phenolic compounds. Overall, the developed HPLC-DAD procedure can offer adequate confidence for the identification and quantification of specific polyphenols and can be modified or updated for future analysis of phenolic compounds in different plant extracts.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3032
Hussein Taqi John, Oday Jawad Kadhim, Imad Kamil Zayer, M S Aziz, A A Salim
Optical fiber core with customized characteristics became demanding for diverse high performance applications. Based on this idea, the optical fiber core was activated using various plasmonic metals (beryllium, chromium, and nickel) to improve its refractive index, sensitivity and bandwidth. The influence of various wavelengths and core radii on three modes (LP01, LP11 and LP21) propagation was determined using finite element analysis (FEM). The COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software was used for the computation. The fiber core radii of the plasmonic metal activated and wavelengths were varied to control the forward and backward energy propagation as well as the modal dispersion relation. Quantities like effective refractive index, attenuation, propagation constant and diffusion coefficient for the three modes as a function of wavelengths and fiber core radii were calculated, which showed maximum values at shorter wavelengths. Irrespective of the type of metal activation in the fiber core, the refractive index of LP01 mode for the core of radius 200 nm was more significantly affected compared to others. Regardless of different metals inclusion, the dispersion relation (refractive index versus frequency) for all modes was strongly positive, showing increasing values for radius in the order of 200, 400, 600 nm. Plasmonic metals Cr and Ni displayed best effect, while Be required high values of V to get LP01 in a narrow range and other modes appeared in a larger range than V. Present results may be useful for the development of high performance optical fiber core.
{"title":"Improved Performance of Optical Fiber Core: Role of Plasmonic Metals Activation","authors":"Hussein Taqi John, Oday Jawad Kadhim, Imad Kamil Zayer, M S Aziz, A A Salim","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3032","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber core with customized characteristics became demanding for diverse high performance applications. Based on this idea, the optical fiber core was activated using various plasmonic metals (beryllium, chromium, and nickel) to improve its refractive index, sensitivity and bandwidth. The influence of various wavelengths and core radii on three modes (LP01, LP11 and LP21) propagation was determined using finite element analysis (FEM). The COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software was used for the computation. The fiber core radii of the plasmonic metal activated and wavelengths were varied to control the forward and backward energy propagation as well as the modal dispersion relation. Quantities like effective refractive index, attenuation, propagation constant and diffusion coefficient for the three modes as a function of wavelengths and fiber core radii were calculated, which showed maximum values at shorter wavelengths. Irrespective of the type of metal activation in the fiber core, the refractive index of LP01 mode for the core of radius 200 nm was more significantly affected compared to others. Regardless of different metals inclusion, the dispersion relation (refractive index versus frequency) for all modes was strongly positive, showing increasing values for radius in the order of 200, 400, 600 nm. Plasmonic metals Cr and Ni displayed best effect, while Be required high values of V to get LP01 in a narrow range and other modes appeared in a larger range than V. Present results may be useful for the development of high performance optical fiber core.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquilaria malaccensis belongs to the Thymelaceae family and is frequently encountered in select states of Peninsular Malaysia, notably Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang, and Johor. Its favorable pharmacological and nutritional attributes have attracted the attention of experts in the pharmaceutical and food industries. They are currently investigating its potential as an organic substitute herb for the formulation of diverse medicinal commodities. In spite of its growing utilization as a supplementary component, it is crucial to acknowledge that improper or excessive consumption of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract might pose a risk of oral toxicity. To evaluate this aspect, an acute study was carried out to investigate both the immediate and delayed toxic repercussions of aqueous extract from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves on rats during a 14-day span.The study involved twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four groups: Control (C); 1 ml of distilled water, Treatment 1 (T1); 1 g of Aquilaria malaccensis per kg of body weight, Treatment 2 (T2); 2 g per kg of body weight, and Treatment 3 (T3); 3 g per kg of body weight. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for parametric data and the Chi-Square test for non-parametric data.The results indicated that both T2 and T3 led to a significant increase in the mean weight of the organ (i.e.,ovary) compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed among the treatment groups with regard to weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG) throughout the 14-day acute oral toxicity assessment. In conclusion, this preliminary study involving female rats suggests that doses of Aquilaria malaccensis up to 3 g/kg of body weight do not result in immediate (within 3-4 hours) or delayed toxic effects over a 14-day period, as evidenced by behavioral and physical, and growth parameter assessments (weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG). The study indicates that exposing the animals to Aquilaria malaccensis aqueous extract at doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g/kg of body weight does not adversely affect their overall condition. No instances of mortality or severe clinical effects were observed in any of the female rats during this acute oral toxicity study.
{"title":"Efficacy of Acute Oral Supplementation of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Aqueous Extract on Adult Female Sprague Dawley Rat Growth Performance","authors":"Nurul Amalina Mohamad Nasir, Asmad Kari, Mohd Nizam Haron, Connie Fay Komilus","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2782","url":null,"abstract":"Aquilaria malaccensis belongs to the Thymelaceae family and is frequently encountered in select states of Peninsular Malaysia, notably Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang, and Johor. Its favorable pharmacological and nutritional attributes have attracted the attention of experts in the pharmaceutical and food industries. They are currently investigating its potential as an organic substitute herb for the formulation of diverse medicinal commodities. In spite of its growing utilization as a supplementary component, it is crucial to acknowledge that improper or excessive consumption of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract might pose a risk of oral toxicity. To evaluate this aspect, an acute study was carried out to investigate both the immediate and delayed toxic repercussions of aqueous extract from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves on rats during a 14-day span.The study involved twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four groups: Control (C); 1 ml of distilled water, Treatment 1 (T1); 1 g of Aquilaria malaccensis per kg of body weight, Treatment 2 (T2); 2 g per kg of body weight, and Treatment 3 (T3); 3 g per kg of body weight. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for parametric data and the Chi-Square test for non-parametric data.The results indicated that both T2 and T3 led to a significant increase in the mean weight of the organ (i.e.,ovary) compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed among the treatment groups with regard to weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG) throughout the 14-day acute oral toxicity assessment. In conclusion, this preliminary study involving female rats suggests that doses of Aquilaria malaccensis up to 3 g/kg of body weight do not result in immediate (within 3-4 hours) or delayed toxic effects over a 14-day period, as evidenced by behavioral and physical, and growth parameter assessments (weekly food intake (WFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight gain (BWG). The study indicates that exposing the animals to Aquilaria malaccensis aqueous extract at doses of 1 g, 2 g, and 3 g/kg of body weight does not adversely affect their overall condition. No instances of mortality or severe clinical effects were observed in any of the female rats during this acute oral toxicity study.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2945
Nurul Azizah Musakkir, Nurtiti Sunusi, Sri Astuti Thamrin
Rainfall is a natural process that is often characterized by significant variability and uncertainty. Stochastic models of rainfall typically involve the use of probability distributions to describe the likelihood of different outcomes occurring. This study aimed to model the annual maximum of daily rainfall in Makassar City, Indonesia for the period 1980–2022, specifically focusing on the rainy season (November to April) using probability distributions to estimate return periods. The study used the Generalized Extreme Value (GEVD) and Gumbel distributions. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the suitability of each distribution, and the likelihood ratio test was employed to determine the best-fit model. The Mann-Kendall test was used to detect any trends in the data. The results indicated that the Gumbel distribution was the best-fit model for data in November, December, January, March, and April, while GEV was appropriate for February. No trends were observed in any of the months. The study then estimated the maximum rainfall for various return periods. January produced the highest maximum rainfall estimates for the 2, 3, and 5-year return periods, while February produced the highest maximum rainfall estimates for the 10 and 20-year return periods. Information about maximum rainfall can be valuable for the government and other stakeholders in developing flood prevention strategies and mitigating the effects of heavy rainfall, particularly during the peak months of the rainy season in Makassar City, which are December, January, and February.
{"title":"Stochastic Model of the Annual Maximum Rainfall Series Using Probability Distributions","authors":"Nurul Azizah Musakkir, Nurtiti Sunusi, Sri Astuti Thamrin","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2945","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall is a natural process that is often characterized by significant variability and uncertainty. Stochastic models of rainfall typically involve the use of probability distributions to describe the likelihood of different outcomes occurring. This study aimed to model the annual maximum of daily rainfall in Makassar City, Indonesia for the period 1980–2022, specifically focusing on the rainy season (November to April) using probability distributions to estimate return periods. The study used the Generalized Extreme Value (GEVD) and Gumbel distributions. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the suitability of each distribution, and the likelihood ratio test was employed to determine the best-fit model. The Mann-Kendall test was used to detect any trends in the data. The results indicated that the Gumbel distribution was the best-fit model for data in November, December, January, March, and April, while GEV was appropriate for February. No trends were observed in any of the months. The study then estimated the maximum rainfall for various return periods. January produced the highest maximum rainfall estimates for the 2, 3, and 5-year return periods, while February produced the highest maximum rainfall estimates for the 10 and 20-year return periods. Information about maximum rainfall can be valuable for the government and other stakeholders in developing flood prevention strategies and mitigating the effects of heavy rainfall, particularly during the peak months of the rainy season in Makassar City, which are December, January, and February.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3040
Zul Iskandar Johari, Nor Aniza Azmi, Nur Fa’izah Ab Muin, Rukiah A Latiff, Muhammad Safwan Ahmad Fadzil, Rosmizan Ahmad Razali
Patient positioning accuracy is critical in radiation therapy, especially in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC), as it can affect treatment effectiveness and safety. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of patient positioning techniques and compare the effectiveness of using multiple image-guided (IG) methods for IG-IMRT of HNC. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and kV-planar imaging (OBI) collected 3240 treatment couch coordinates in three translational directions from 60 HNC patients undergoing IMRT. Inter-fraction errors were assessed by registering the scans to the planning CT, and the population systematic set-up error (Σ), random error (σ), and planning target volume (PTV) margin were calculated. The results between OBI and CBCT were analyzed and compared using one-way ANOVA. The findings demonstrated that more than 80% of the image-guided patient positioning set-ups were acceptable. The mean couch displacement for image-guided techniques was negligible in all translational directions using OBI and CBCT. However, the PTV margin for both methods was more than 0.5 cm, except for the CBCTA-P direction. This study highlights the effectiveness of OBI and CBCT as modalities for evaluating and improving the accuracy of IMRT in HNC patients. Determination of the systematic and random errors and calculating the optimal PTV margin without rematching images can help improve the precision of patient positioning and ultimately lead to better treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Image-guided Evaluation of Patient Positioning for Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer","authors":"Zul Iskandar Johari, Nor Aniza Azmi, Nur Fa’izah Ab Muin, Rukiah A Latiff, Muhammad Safwan Ahmad Fadzil, Rosmizan Ahmad Razali","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3040","url":null,"abstract":"Patient positioning accuracy is critical in radiation therapy, especially in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC), as it can affect treatment effectiveness and safety. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of patient positioning techniques and compare the effectiveness of using multiple image-guided (IG) methods for IG-IMRT of HNC. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and kV-planar imaging (OBI) collected 3240 treatment couch coordinates in three translational directions from 60 HNC patients undergoing IMRT. Inter-fraction errors were assessed by registering the scans to the planning CT, and the population systematic set-up error (Σ), random error (σ), and planning target volume (PTV) margin were calculated. The results between OBI and CBCT were analyzed and compared using one-way ANOVA. The findings demonstrated that more than 80% of the image-guided patient positioning set-ups were acceptable. The mean couch displacement for image-guided techniques was negligible in all translational directions using OBI and CBCT. However, the PTV margin for both methods was more than 0.5 cm, except for the CBCTA-P direction. This study highlights the effectiveness of OBI and CBCT as modalities for evaluating and improving the accuracy of IMRT in HNC patients. Determination of the systematic and random errors and calculating the optimal PTV margin without rematching images can help improve the precision of patient positioning and ultimately lead to better treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2774
K. S. A. Sohaimi, J. Jaafar, N. Rosman
Water pollution has increased worldwide, sparking interest in photocatalysis, a viable water treatment approach. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a good photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation due to its excellent crystallinity, high yield and recyclability, low cost, photo-corrosion resistance, small band gap (2.3 eV), improved electron mobility, and broad absorption range. Pure V2O5's photocatalytic efficiency is limited by inefficient photonic and quantum processes, and its tiny structure enables photogenerated carriers to recombine, reducing efficiency. This prevents widespread use of V2O5. This mini-review examines V2O5 as a potent visible-light photocatalyst, focusing on its structure, synthesis methods, and modifications that improve its efficiency. Hydrothermal, sol-gel, co-precipitation, solvothermal, and others are reviewed. The methods employed affect the photocatalyst's efficiency. Photogenerated electron-hole separation, charge transfer to catalyst surface or across two-phase catalyst interfaces, and reactive species interaction with hazardous contaminants are all affected. Photoredox uses have been explored for dyes, phenols, and pharmaceutical wastes. According to a review of the past decades, V2O5 has primarily been used for the degradation of dye pollutants, with fewer applications for pharmaceutical wastes and other pollutants. More research on V2O5's capabilities and qualities on diverse target pollutants is needed. This mini-review discusses present obstacles in producing vanadium pentoxide-based systems and future research prospects. Despite its potential as a photocatalyst, V2O5 has not been thoroughly researched as an electron storage material. Numerous investigations have shown that V2O5 can store energy like lithium batteries. This finding will likely motivate researchers and newcomers to explore V2O5's potential to synthesise nanomaterials with increased electron storage capacity, making it a good day-night photocatalyst. This review should improve future V2O5 research.
{"title":"Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) as Photocatalyst: A Review","authors":"K. S. A. Sohaimi, J. Jaafar, N. Rosman","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2774","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution has increased worldwide, sparking interest in photocatalysis, a viable water treatment approach. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a good photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation due to its excellent crystallinity, high yield and recyclability, low cost, photo-corrosion resistance, small band gap (2.3 eV), improved electron mobility, and broad absorption range. Pure V2O5's photocatalytic efficiency is limited by inefficient photonic and quantum processes, and its tiny structure enables photogenerated carriers to recombine, reducing efficiency. This prevents widespread use of V2O5. This mini-review examines V2O5 as a potent visible-light photocatalyst, focusing on its structure, synthesis methods, and modifications that improve its efficiency. Hydrothermal, sol-gel, co-precipitation, solvothermal, and others are reviewed. The methods employed affect the photocatalyst's efficiency. Photogenerated electron-hole separation, charge transfer to catalyst surface or across two-phase catalyst interfaces, and reactive species interaction with hazardous contaminants are all affected. Photoredox uses have been explored for dyes, phenols, and pharmaceutical wastes. According to a review of the past decades, V2O5 has primarily been used for the degradation of dye pollutants, with fewer applications for pharmaceutical wastes and other pollutants. More research on V2O5's capabilities and qualities on diverse target pollutants is needed. This mini-review discusses present obstacles in producing vanadium pentoxide-based systems and future research prospects. Despite its potential as a photocatalyst, V2O5 has not been thoroughly researched as an electron storage material. Numerous investigations have shown that V2O5 can store energy like lithium batteries. This finding will likely motivate researchers and newcomers to explore V2O5's potential to synthesise nanomaterials with increased electron storage capacity, making it a good day-night photocatalyst. This review should improve future V2O5 research.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2929
Mamoona Jillani, Nur Athirah, Suhaila Sapari, Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak
In this study, the new transition metal complexes, ML with M = Zn (II), Ni (II), and Pd (II) based on the N,N'-Bis[O-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)ethylenediamine ligand were successfully synthesized with a percentage yield of between 33 – 68%. As a result of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (proton NMR) was used to design and completely describe the metal complexes properties. Moreover, for computational study, the Gaussian16 software installed in the high-performance computer (HPC) is used for NLO calculation. The method used to perform this study is Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. 6-31G(d,p) basis set is used with LANL2DZ for zinc, nickel, and palladium along with the keyword ‘GEN’. The molecular structure has been optimized and checked both bond length and bond angle before starting to run the calculation. Thus, NLO calculation had been performed. The dipole moment and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap were employed to verify the first hyperpolarizability, βtot, which can be utilized as an indication of second nonlinear optical characteristics. Transition metal-based complexes produce impressive results because they provide additional flexibility by offering charge transfer (CT) transitions between the metal and the ligands, resulting in a higher NLO response. Due to the charge transfer excitations, it was discovered that the nickel complex with 2.87 D had the largest NLO response (117215.66 x 10-30 esu), particularly in comparison with the zinc complex (2329.72 x 10-30 esu) and palladium complex (191.07 x 10-30 esu) with 6.52 D and 4.04 D values, respectively.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Tuning the Metal Center in Complexes for Nonlinear Optical Application","authors":"Mamoona Jillani, Nur Athirah, Suhaila Sapari, Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.2929","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the new transition metal complexes, ML with M = Zn (II), Ni (II), and Pd (II) based on the N,N'-Bis[O-(diphenylphosphino)benzylidene)ethylenediamine ligand were successfully synthesized with a percentage yield of between 33 – 68%. As a result of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (proton NMR) was used to design and completely describe the metal complexes properties. Moreover, for computational study, the Gaussian16 software installed in the high-performance computer (HPC) is used for NLO calculation. The method used to perform this study is Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. 6-31G(d,p) basis set is used with LANL2DZ for zinc, nickel, and palladium along with the keyword ‘GEN’. The molecular structure has been optimized and checked both bond length and bond angle before starting to run the calculation. Thus, NLO calculation had been performed. The dipole moment and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap were employed to verify the first hyperpolarizability, βtot, which can be utilized as an indication of second nonlinear optical characteristics. Transition metal-based complexes produce impressive results because they provide additional flexibility by offering charge transfer (CT) transitions between the metal and the ligands, resulting in a higher NLO response. Due to the charge transfer excitations, it was discovered that the nickel complex with 2.87 D had the largest NLO response (117215.66 x 10-30 esu), particularly in comparison with the zinc complex (2329.72 x 10-30 esu) and palladium complex (191.07 x 10-30 esu) with 6.52 D and 4.04 D values, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3053
Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman, Aishah Rosli, Norasikin Othman, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
This work addresses the development of green formulation for phosphorus compound removal from aqueous solution via solvent extraction process. Several types of extractants, diluents and stripping agents were experimentally investigated and the best formulation was determined. Additionally, other parameters investigated were extractant and stripping agent concentrations. Results showed that TOMAC, a mixture of palm oil (PO) and sunflower oil (SO) as well as sodium chloride (NaCl) turned out to be the best extractant, diluent and stripping agent, respectively. Almost 100 % of 50 ppm of phosphorus were successfully extracted under optimum conditions of 0.3M TOMAC in a mixture of 50% PO + 50% SO. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the intermolecular bonding formation between phosphorus, vegetable oils and TOMAC molecules. Meanwhile, almost 96.5% of phosphorus can be recovered using 1.0M NaCl in two stages of stripping process. Stoichiometric studies showed that about one mole of TOMAC and NaCl were involved during the extraction and stripping reaction of phosphorus, respectively. It can be concluded that the solvent extraction with new green formulation containing TOMAC in interaction with vegetable oils seems to be one of the novel sustainable approaches in removing phosphorus from agricultural wastewater.
本文研究了溶剂萃取法去除水溶液中磷化合物的绿色配方。对几种萃取剂、稀释剂和溶出剂进行了实验研究，确定了最佳配方。此外，还考察了萃取剂和溶出剂的浓度。结果表明，TOMAC、棕榈油(PO)和葵花籽油(SO)的混合物以及氯化钠(NaCl)分别是最佳萃取剂、稀释剂和剥离剂。在0.3M TOMAC的最佳条件下，在50% PO + 50% SO的混合物中，几乎100%地成功提取了50 ppm的磷。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析证实了磷、植物油和TOMAC分子之间形成分子间键。同时，在1.0M NaCl条件下，两段汽提工艺中磷的回收率接近96.5%。化学计量学研究表明，在磷的提取和溶出反应中，分别需要约1 mol的TOMAC和NaCl。综上所述，含TOMAC与植物油相互作用的新型绿色溶剂萃取法有望成为农业废水中磷的可持续除磷新途径之一。
{"title":"Novel Extraction of Phosphorus using Interaction of Tricaprylylmethylammonium Chloride (TOMAC) with Biodegradable Mixture of Vegetable Oils","authors":"Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman, Aishah Rosli, Norasikin Othman, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3053","url":null,"abstract":"This work addresses the development of green formulation for phosphorus compound removal from aqueous solution via solvent extraction process. Several types of extractants, diluents and stripping agents were experimentally investigated and the best formulation was determined. Additionally, other parameters investigated were extractant and stripping agent concentrations. Results showed that TOMAC, a mixture of palm oil (PO) and sunflower oil (SO) as well as sodium chloride (NaCl) turned out to be the best extractant, diluent and stripping agent, respectively. Almost 100 % of 50 ppm of phosphorus were successfully extracted under optimum conditions of 0.3M TOMAC in a mixture of 50% PO + 50% SO. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the intermolecular bonding formation between phosphorus, vegetable oils and TOMAC molecules. Meanwhile, almost 96.5% of phosphorus can be recovered using 1.0M NaCl in two stages of stripping process. Stoichiometric studies showed that about one mole of TOMAC and NaCl were involved during the extraction and stripping reaction of phosphorus, respectively. It can be concluded that the solvent extraction with new green formulation containing TOMAC in interaction with vegetable oils seems to be one of the novel sustainable approaches in removing phosphorus from agricultural wastewater.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional approaches are unable to handle the uncertainty data issue, which leads to inaccurate data analysis and prediction. Data with uncertainty are frequently collected during the data collection phase but cannot be directly used to create geometric models. Therefore, using intuitionistic alpha cuts for the uncertainty data, this paper discusses B-Spline curve interpolation modeling. To resolve the uncertain data and produce the mathematical model, fuzzy set theory, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and geometry modeling are combined. Three main procedures are used in detail, the first of which is the application of fuzzy set theory to defined uncertainty data, followed by the use of an intuitionistic fuzzy set to take into account the membership, non-membership, and indeterminacy values of the alpha, and finally the fuzzification and defuzzification procedures. The B-spline curve interpolation function is used in geometric modeling to create mathematical geometry in the form of curves. As a result, several numerical examples are provided, along with their algorithms for producing the desired curve.
{"title":"Fuzzy Intuitionistic Alpha Cut of B-Spline Curve Interpolation Modeling for Shoreline Island Data","authors":"Arina Nabilah Jifrin, Rozaimi Zakaria, Isfarita Ismail","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n5.3074","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional approaches are unable to handle the uncertainty data issue, which leads to inaccurate data analysis and prediction. Data with uncertainty are frequently collected during the data collection phase but cannot be directly used to create geometric models. Therefore, using intuitionistic alpha cuts for the uncertainty data, this paper discusses B-Spline curve interpolation modeling. To resolve the uncertain data and produce the mathematical model, fuzzy set theory, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and geometry modeling are combined. Three main procedures are used in detail, the first of which is the application of fuzzy set theory to defined uncertainty data, followed by the use of an intuitionistic fuzzy set to take into account the membership, non-membership, and indeterminacy values of the alpha, and finally the fuzzification and defuzzification procedures. The B-spline curve interpolation function is used in geometric modeling to create mathematical geometry in the form of curves. As a result, several numerical examples are provided, along with their algorithms for producing the desired curve.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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