Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2863
J. Suhaila, Muhammad Fauzee Hamdan
Functional data analysis (FDA) has received significant attention from researchers due to its flexibility and diverse applications in various fields. FDA provides a comprehensive framework for analysing and extracting information from complex and high-dimensional datasets, enabling researchers to obtain insights into the underlying processes, improve modelling, and make accurate predictions. Therefore, understanding the FDA topic and its features and tools, as well as identifying the collaborative networks, are crucial for the development of its research areas. The objective of the present bibliometric study is to analyse the global research trend in FDA areas based on publication outputs, authorships, co-authorships, affiliated countries, and the co-occurrence of author keywords, which will enable researchers to assess the existing knowledge environment, future trends, potential research gaps, and collaboration opportunities. The publications from the year 1989 to 2021 were retrieved from the Scopus database, resulting in 1712 articles in journals after screening. Results have shown that articles published in the Journal of the American Statistical Association received the highest citations. Nearly 43% of the published articles were contributed by the leading authors from the USA, followed by China (11.5%) and Spain (9.4%). According to the QS World University Ranking 2021, eight of the top 20 productive institutions were ranked among the top 100 best universities. The findings indicated that researchers had intensively developed and applied FDA tools and features, such as smoothing, principal component analysis, regression, and clustering, in various domains. In addition, the expansion of FDA tools could be seen based on the recent progress in author keywords. New keywords, including function-on-function regression, function-on-scalar regression, scalar-on-function regression, outlier detection, structural health monitoring, and COVID-19, have arisen recently. Due to public concern about emerging diseases, future FDA work is expected to rise, particularly in the health sciences and biomedical fields.
功能数据分析(Functional data analysis, FDA)因其灵活性和在各个领域的广泛应用而受到研究人员的极大关注。FDA提供了一个全面的框架，用于从复杂和高维数据集中分析和提取信息，使研究人员能够深入了解潜在的过程，改进建模，并做出准确的预测。因此，了解FDA主题及其特征和工具，以及确定合作网络，对其研究领域的发展至关重要。本文献计量学研究的目的是基于发表量、作者、合著者、隶属国家和作者关键词共现情况分析FDA领域的全球研究趋势，从而使研究人员能够评估现有的知识环境、未来趋势、潜在的研究差距和合作机会。从Scopus数据库中检索1989 - 2021年的出版物，筛选后得到1712篇期刊文章。结果表明，发表在《美国统计协会杂志》上的文章被引用的次数最高。近43%的发表文章是由美国的主要作者贡献的，其次是中国(11.5%)和西班牙(9.4%)。根据2021年QS世界大学排名，排名前20位的大学中有8所进入了前100名。研究结果表明，研究人员已经在各个领域集中开发和应用了FDA的工具和特征，如平滑、主成分分析、回归和聚类。此外，从作者关键词的最新进展可以看出FDA工具的扩展。最近出现了函数对函数回归、函数对标量回归、标量对函数回归、离群值检测、结构健康监测、COVID-19等新关键词。由于公众对新出现的疾病的关注，未来FDA的工作预计会增加，特别是在健康科学和生物医学领域。
{"title":"Research Trends on Functional Data Analysis Using Scopus Database: A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"J. Suhaila, Muhammad Fauzee Hamdan","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2863","url":null,"abstract":"Functional data analysis (FDA) has received significant attention from researchers due to its flexibility and diverse applications in various fields. FDA provides a comprehensive framework for analysing and extracting information from complex and high-dimensional datasets, enabling researchers to obtain insights into the underlying processes, improve modelling, and make accurate predictions. Therefore, understanding the FDA topic and its features and tools, as well as identifying the collaborative networks, are crucial for the development of its research areas. The objective of the present bibliometric study is to analyse the global research trend in FDA areas based on publication outputs, authorships, co-authorships, affiliated countries, and the co-occurrence of author keywords, which will enable researchers to assess the existing knowledge environment, future trends, potential research gaps, and collaboration opportunities. The publications from the year 1989 to 2021 were retrieved from the Scopus database, resulting in 1712 articles in journals after screening. Results have shown that articles published in the Journal of the American Statistical Association received the highest citations. Nearly 43% of the published articles were contributed by the leading authors from the USA, followed by China (11.5%) and Spain (9.4%). According to the QS World University Ranking 2021, eight of the top 20 productive institutions were ranked among the top 100 best universities. The findings indicated that researchers had intensively developed and applied FDA tools and features, such as smoothing, principal component analysis, regression, and clustering, in various domains. In addition, the expansion of FDA tools could be seen based on the recent progress in author keywords. New keywords, including function-on-function regression, function-on-scalar regression, scalar-on-function regression, outlier detection, structural health monitoring, and COVID-19, have arisen recently. Due to public concern about emerging diseases, future FDA work is expected to rise, particularly in the health sciences and biomedical fields.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76540527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2918
S. Suprapto, Y. Ni'mah, Rifda Alifah Hisana
The determination of caffeine and pyridoxine HCl in medicinal tablets has been successfully carried out. The mixture of caffeine and pyridoxine solution produces UV-Vis with full overlapping spectra. The full overlapping spectra can not be analyzed using conventional multicomponent analysis, as they do not have a distinct maximum wavelength. This research proposed a full overlapping spectra analysis using Robust regression. The regression models used in this research were based on Huber, RANSAC, and Theil-Sen Regression. Robust regression is a regression method that was not sensitive to the presence of outliers from the input or output data. Robust Regression models were trained using 25 standard solutions of caffeine and pyridoxine HCl at varied ratios. The models were validated using test solutions with known concentration ratios. The validated models were applied to determine the concentration of medicinal tablets. From this study, the recovery values of medicinal tablets obtained using Huber, RANSAC, and Theil-Sen Regression methods for caffeine were 96.94%, 97.19%, and 96.16% respectively, while the recoveries of pyridoxine HCl were 122.65%, 104.89%, and 107.48%.
{"title":"Robust Regression Analysis of Full Overlapping Caffeine and Pyridoxine HCl UV-Vis Spectra in Pharmaceutical Tablet","authors":"S. Suprapto, Y. Ni'mah, Rifda Alifah Hisana","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2918","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of caffeine and pyridoxine HCl in medicinal tablets has been successfully carried out. The mixture of caffeine and pyridoxine solution produces UV-Vis with full overlapping spectra. The full overlapping spectra can not be analyzed using conventional multicomponent analysis, as they do not have a distinct maximum wavelength. This research proposed a full overlapping spectra analysis using Robust regression. The regression models used in this research were based on Huber, RANSAC, and Theil-Sen Regression. Robust regression is a regression method that was not sensitive to the presence of outliers from the input or output data. Robust Regression models were trained using 25 standard solutions of caffeine and pyridoxine HCl at varied ratios. The models were validated using test solutions with known concentration ratios. The validated models were applied to determine the concentration of medicinal tablets. From this study, the recovery values of medicinal tablets obtained using Huber, RANSAC, and Theil-Sen Regression methods for caffeine were 96.94%, 97.19%, and 96.16% respectively, while the recoveries of pyridoxine HCl were 122.65%, 104.89%, and 107.48%.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81795934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2884
Wildan Hilmi Azharul Hakim, T. Erfi̇anti̇, A. N. Dhiaurahman, Khusnul Qonita Maghfiroh, Ria Amelia, Istini Nurafifah, D. Kurnianto, D. Siswanti, E. Suyono, Septhian Marno, Irika Devi
Nowadays, energy consumption is massively increasing in the world. The production of biofuels from microalgae has received considerable attention recently and has the potential to supplant fossil fuels. Recent research focuses on developing the potential of microalgae as an alternative fuel. This research will focus on evaluating the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and metabolite production of Euglena sp. The methods used in this study started with a medium preparation and cultivation using IAA treatment, where the treatment used controlled IAA 5 g/L, IAA 10 g/L, and IAA 15 g/L with three biological repetitions. Optical density (OD) was measured using a spectrophotometer (OD680), biomass was measured using the gravimetry method, lipid was calculated using Bligh and Dyer (1995), the protein was measured using Bradford solution, carbohydrates were measured using phenol sulfuric acid, and pigments were extracted using methanol and measured using a spectrophotometer. According to the findings of this study, IAA 5 g/L can enhance the growth rate. For biomass, the best result was at 10 g/L of IAA (2.216 g/L ± 0.284). Meanwhile, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were higher in IAA 15 g/L. Chlorophyll a, b, and total carotenoid were higher in 5 g/L of IAA. The results obtained in this study showed that the IAA hormone increased the growth and metabolite content of Euglena sp.
{"title":"The Effect of IAA Phytohormone (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) on the Growth, Lipid, Protein, Carbohydrate, and Pigment Content in Euglena sp.","authors":"Wildan Hilmi Azharul Hakim, T. Erfi̇anti̇, A. N. Dhiaurahman, Khusnul Qonita Maghfiroh, Ria Amelia, Istini Nurafifah, D. Kurnianto, D. Siswanti, E. Suyono, Septhian Marno, Irika Devi","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2884","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, energy consumption is massively increasing in the world. The production of biofuels from microalgae has received considerable attention recently and has the potential to supplant fossil fuels. Recent research focuses on developing the potential of microalgae as an alternative fuel. This research will focus on evaluating the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and metabolite production of Euglena sp. The methods used in this study started with a medium preparation and cultivation using IAA treatment, where the treatment used controlled IAA 5 g/L, IAA 10 g/L, and IAA 15 g/L with three biological repetitions. Optical density (OD) was measured using a spectrophotometer (OD680), biomass was measured using the gravimetry method, lipid was calculated using Bligh and Dyer (1995), the protein was measured using Bradford solution, carbohydrates were measured using phenol sulfuric acid, and pigments were extracted using methanol and measured using a spectrophotometer. According to the findings of this study, IAA 5 g/L can enhance the growth rate. For biomass, the best result was at 10 g/L of IAA (2.216 g/L ± 0.284). Meanwhile, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were higher in IAA 15 g/L. Chlorophyll a, b, and total carotenoid were higher in 5 g/L of IAA. The results obtained in this study showed that the IAA hormone increased the growth and metabolite content of Euglena sp.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77322491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2778
Syed Fariq Fathullah Syed Yaacob, Siti Hawa Hang Kadim, Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah, F. B. Mohd Suah
In this study, a static batch reactor equipped with three-dimensional (3-D) carbon felt (CF) as cathode material was fully optimized to recover a low nickel concentration from its sulphate solution. Nickel recovery was performed using several nickel concentrations ranging from 50, 100, 250, 400 and 500 mg/L. Moreover, within 30 min of electrogenerative operation, it was discovered that the recovery of nickel achieved > 90 % in acidic conditions. At last, the deposition of nickel into CF was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize the surface morphology of nickel on CF.
{"title":"Electrogenerative Process as an Alternate Technique for Nickel Recovery from Its Sulphate Solution at Low Concentration","authors":"Syed Fariq Fathullah Syed Yaacob, Siti Hawa Hang Kadim, Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat Hanafiah, F. B. Mohd Suah","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2778","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a static batch reactor equipped with three-dimensional (3-D) carbon felt (CF) as cathode material was fully optimized to recover a low nickel concentration from its sulphate solution. Nickel recovery was performed using several nickel concentrations ranging from 50, 100, 250, 400 and 500 mg/L. Moreover, within 30 min of electrogenerative operation, it was discovered that the recovery of nickel achieved > 90 % in acidic conditions. At last, the deposition of nickel into CF was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize the surface morphology of nickel on CF.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79993066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2759
A. Othman, C. R. Mamat, I. Ibrahim, Mohd Syahrir Mohd Rozi
In this study the mixture of limes was used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid rock drainage (ARD). The results showed that AMD can be treated by a mixture of limes (CHL). CHL was a mixture of carbide and hydrated limes. Arsenic (As) was decreased after reaction with CHL. 0.5 g of CHL with an interval time of 20 mins was chosen as the best parameter for treating AMD. pH value was increased from 3.29 to 6.69 and as concentration was decreased from 3.273 mg/L to 0.002 mg/L. Both of the results obtained after the reaction complied with Standards A and B of the Environmental Act 1974.
在本研究中，石灰的混合物用于处理酸性矿井水(AMD)或酸性岩石水(ARD)。结果表明，酸橙混合剂(CHL)可以治疗AMD。CHL是碳化物和水合石灰的混合物。砷(As)与CHL反应后降低。选择0.5 g CHL，间隔时间为20 min作为治疗AMD的最佳参数。pH值从3.29上升到6.69，浓度从3.273 mg/L下降到0.002 mg/L。反应后得到的两个结果都符合1974年环境法的A和B标准。
{"title":"The Mixture of Limes in Acid Mine Drainage Treatment","authors":"A. Othman, C. R. Mamat, I. Ibrahim, Mohd Syahrir Mohd Rozi","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2759","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the mixture of limes was used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid rock drainage (ARD). The results showed that AMD can be treated by a mixture of limes (CHL). CHL was a mixture of carbide and hydrated limes. Arsenic (As) was decreased after reaction with CHL. 0.5 g of CHL with an interval time of 20 mins was chosen as the best parameter for treating AMD. pH value was increased from 3.29 to 6.69 and as concentration was decreased from 3.273 mg/L to 0.002 mg/L. Both of the results obtained after the reaction complied with Standards A and B of the Environmental Act 1974.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90645523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2954
Muhammad Amirun Che Hassan, M.N.S. Jamzuri, Fisal Ahmad, A. Zamri, Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chilek
Home-based food was a new trend in food business industry where the sellers’ or the owners’ fully prepared and handled food for sale from their home. This online food business had start blooming since the beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic due to various factors. Almost every Malaysian can produce and sell foods from their home, even without proper training and knowledge regarding food safety. These products were usually sold on online shopping platform or social media as marketing and ordering tools. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the status of Bacillus cereus that present in the selected home-based food products. Sambal belacan and sambal bilis, both packed in retort pouch and glass jar were chosen as representative samples. A total of 40 samples was purchased through online shopping platform, Shopee, with a pre-determined and appropriate screening. The method was set to simulate the real-life situation of how the home-based food purchasing were made by most peoples. The purchased samples were subjected to the enumeration of Bacillus cereus and total plate count (TPC). From the analysis, it was found that the B. cereus count of 8 out of 40 samples had exceeded the acceptable limit set by the Guidelines for Assessing the Microbiological Safety of Ready-to-Eat Foods, 2009, which is >1x104 CFU/g. This study indicated that the home-based food products still possess a threat regarding the presence of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria. More data and studies were still needed to validate the food safety status of home-based food products in the market.
{"title":"Bacillus cereus Contamination in Selected Home-based Food Products Sold Throughout Malaysia","authors":"Muhammad Amirun Che Hassan, M.N.S. Jamzuri, Fisal Ahmad, A. Zamri, Tuan Zainazor Tuan Chilek","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2954","url":null,"abstract":"Home-based food was a new trend in food business industry where the sellers’ or the owners’ fully prepared and handled food for sale from their home. This online food business had start blooming since the beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic due to various factors. Almost every Malaysian can produce and sell foods from their home, even without proper training and knowledge regarding food safety. These products were usually sold on online shopping platform or social media as marketing and ordering tools. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the status of Bacillus cereus that present in the selected home-based food products. Sambal belacan and sambal bilis, both packed in retort pouch and glass jar were chosen as representative samples. A total of 40 samples was purchased through online shopping platform, Shopee, with a pre-determined and appropriate screening. The method was set to simulate the real-life situation of how the home-based food purchasing were made by most peoples. The purchased samples were subjected to the enumeration of Bacillus cereus and total plate count (TPC). From the analysis, it was found that the B. cereus count of 8 out of 40 samples had exceeded the acceptable limit set by the Guidelines for Assessing the Microbiological Safety of Ready-to-Eat Foods, 2009, which is >1x104 CFU/g. This study indicated that the home-based food products still possess a threat regarding the presence of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria. More data and studies were still needed to validate the food safety status of home-based food products in the market.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79669441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2796
Fenny Ungadau, Raihana Ridzuan, Fazilah Abd Manan
Zinc is an essential trace element required by plants. However, high zinc concentrations can lead to environmental pollution and plant toxicity. This research aimed to investigate how plants respond to different concentrations of zinc (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) in soil, using Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (Yard long bean) as a model plant. A total of 12 parameters were collected including plant morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf number, yield, root length, pod length and fresh weight. Furthermore, key biochemical properties including chlorophyll content, total protein content, total phenolic and flavonoid content in plants were analyzed, in addition to soil pH and electrical conductivity. These parameters were used to determine the morphological and biochemical responses of plants under zinc-stress conditions. The results indicated that different concentrations of zinc significantly decreased the leaf number and pod length V. unguiculata. Soil electrical conductivity was significantly high at 200 ppm zinc. Significant changes in total protein were observed in stems and pods. Moreover, the total phenolic content in leaves showed a significant increase with higher zinc concentrations, while the opposite trend was observed for total phenolic content in V. unguiculata pods. In summary, varying concentrations of zinc had a significant impact on various morphological and biochemical properties of V. unguiculata, exhibiting a distinct pattern specific to each organ. This suggests that V. unguiculata is responsive, adaptive and capable of tolerating abiotic stress induced by a broad range of zinc concentrations.
{"title":"Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis in Different Zinc Concentrations","authors":"Fenny Ungadau, Raihana Ridzuan, Fazilah Abd Manan","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2796","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc is an essential trace element required by plants. However, high zinc concentrations can lead to environmental pollution and plant toxicity. This research aimed to investigate how plants respond to different concentrations of zinc (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) in soil, using Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (Yard long bean) as a model plant. A total of 12 parameters were collected including plant morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf number, yield, root length, pod length and fresh weight. Furthermore, key biochemical properties including chlorophyll content, total protein content, total phenolic and flavonoid content in plants were analyzed, in addition to soil pH and electrical conductivity. These parameters were used to determine the morphological and biochemical responses of plants under zinc-stress conditions. The results indicated that different concentrations of zinc significantly decreased the leaf number and pod length V. unguiculata. Soil electrical conductivity was significantly high at 200 ppm zinc. Significant changes in total protein were observed in stems and pods. Moreover, the total phenolic content in leaves showed a significant increase with higher zinc concentrations, while the opposite trend was observed for total phenolic content in V. unguiculata pods. In summary, varying concentrations of zinc had a significant impact on various morphological and biochemical properties of V. unguiculata, exhibiting a distinct pattern specific to each organ. This suggests that V. unguiculata is responsive, adaptive and capable of tolerating abiotic stress induced by a broad range of zinc concentrations.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"9 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2969
Samhani Ismail, M. F. Reza, Mohd Hanifah Bin Jusoh, Wan Suryani Wan Awang, H. Juahir
Spiritual healing and Quranic sound therapy has long accompanied human tradition since decades. Quranic sound is perceived as rhythmical cues that portrays psychospiritual effects although it was not recited with external melodic intonation (tarannum). Its internal rhythms were believed to activate and synchronize its listeners’ brain rhythms hence modulating their brainwaves to give the psychospiritual effect. However, there is lack of scientific investigation that elucidates source of Quranic linguistic rhythms which contributes to the greater neural activation in the Quran’s listeners. This study aimed to evaluate a Quranic linguistic feature that contributes to high rhythmicity, and high energy that activates its listeners neural ensembles. As a result, Electroencephalography ()’s electrode correlation will be presented as a predictive measure for neural connectivity compared with Arabic News listening. Fatihah Chapter recitation (tajweed without human speech. Spectrogram analysis was performed by using Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer (PRAAT) software. The continuous brain electrical charges from twenty-eight normal subjects (14 male:14 female) with inclusion criteria of habitual daily Quran listeners were recorded by 128-channel EEG. These brain electrical data were pre-processed and analysed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) followed by multivariate analysis. Discriminant Analysis results which compare the mean values of the groups were followed by Multiple Linear Regression. From spectrogram analysis, we found that Fatihah Chapter sound is more rhythmic compared to Arabic news and brings higher energy. . Comparatively, larger-scale integration of neural ensembles from the fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital areas was observed while listening to Quranic Fatihah Chapter recitation than the fronto-temporo-parieto regions from Arabic News listening, indicated of higher synchronisation and integration in neuronal communication during Quranic listening. Dynamic brain network interaction is postulated in a desynchronised pattern, essential for normal brain functioning, reduced pathological tendencies, and emotion-health-cognition stability, offering psychospiritual effects.
精神治疗和古兰经的声音疗法已经伴随人类传统几十年了。古兰经的声音被认为是描绘心理精神效果的节奏线索，尽管它不是用外部旋律语调(tarannum)背诵的。它的内部节奏被认为可以激活并同步听者的大脑节奏，从而调节他们的脑电波，从而产生心理上的效果。然而，对于《古兰经》语言节奏是如何导致《古兰经》听者神经更活跃的，目前还缺乏科学研究来阐明其来源。这项研究旨在评估古兰经的一个语言特征，它有助于高节奏，高能量，激活听者的神经系统。因此，脑电图()的电极相关性将作为神经连通性的预测指标，与阿拉伯语新闻听力进行比较。诵读法提哈章(tajweed)，无需人类言语。使用Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer (Praat)软件进行谱图分析。采用128通道脑电图记录了28例正常受试者(男14例，女14例)每日习惯性古兰经听者的连续脑电荷。这些脑电数据经过快速傅立叶变换(FFT)预处理和分析，然后进行多变量分析。判别分析结果比较各组的平均值，然后进行多元线性回归。通过谱图分析，我们发现，与阿拉伯新闻相比，Fatihah Chapter的声音更有节奏，带来更高的能量。相比之下，在听古兰经法提哈章节时，观察到来自额-颞-顶叶-枕区的神经系统集成比听阿拉伯新闻时的额-颞-顶叶区更大，这表明在听古兰经时神经元通信的同步和整合程度更高。动态脑网络相互作用被假设为一种非同步模式，对于正常的脑功能，减少病理倾向和情绪-健康-认知稳定性至关重要，提供心理-精神效应。
{"title":"Psychospiritual Healing from al-Quran: Internal Aesthetic Factor of Quranic Sound and Its Effects in Activating Greater Brain Regions","authors":"Samhani Ismail, M. F. Reza, Mohd Hanifah Bin Jusoh, Wan Suryani Wan Awang, H. Juahir","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2969","url":null,"abstract":"Spiritual healing and Quranic sound therapy has long accompanied human tradition since decades. Quranic sound is perceived as rhythmical cues that portrays psychospiritual effects although it was not recited with external melodic intonation (tarannum). Its internal rhythms were believed to activate and synchronize its listeners’ brain rhythms hence modulating their brainwaves to give the psychospiritual effect. However, there is lack of scientific investigation that elucidates source of Quranic linguistic rhythms which contributes to the greater neural activation in the Quran’s listeners. This study aimed to evaluate a Quranic linguistic feature that contributes to high rhythmicity, and high energy that activates its listeners neural ensembles. As a result, Electroencephalography ()’s electrode correlation will be presented as a predictive measure for neural connectivity compared with Arabic News listening. Fatihah Chapter recitation (tajweed without human speech. Spectrogram analysis was performed by using Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer (PRAAT) software. The continuous brain electrical charges from twenty-eight normal subjects (14 male:14 female) with inclusion criteria of habitual daily Quran listeners were recorded by 128-channel EEG. These brain electrical data were pre-processed and analysed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) followed by multivariate analysis. Discriminant Analysis results which compare the mean values of the groups were followed by Multiple Linear Regression. From spectrogram analysis, we found that Fatihah Chapter sound is more rhythmic compared to Arabic news and brings higher energy. . Comparatively, larger-scale integration of neural ensembles from the fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital areas was observed while listening to Quranic Fatihah Chapter recitation than the fronto-temporo-parieto regions from Arabic News listening, indicated of higher synchronisation and integration in neuronal communication during Quranic listening. Dynamic brain network interaction is postulated in a desynchronised pattern, essential for normal brain functioning, reduced pathological tendencies, and emotion-health-cognition stability, offering psychospiritual effects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86861863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2913
Ummu Atiqah MOHD ROSLAN, F. N. Harun
Human activities are currently threatening sea turtles at all life stages, both on nesting beaches and at sea. The debris and toxic waste dumped on the coast or at sea pollutes the sea and puts marine life in danger. In recent years, the number of global turtle population have noticeably decreased, and this is largely due to plastic pollution. However, how the sea pollution affects the sea turtles’ populations is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, using the mathematical model, we will investigate the impact of pollution on sea turtle population. The model system is analyzed using standard mathematical techniques, including positivity of solutions and stability analysis. Our findings showed that there are two possible equilibrium points (i.e. steady-state solutions) for the model proposed, in which the stability analysis showed that only one of the solutions is asymptotically stable. Thus, the conditions of stability for both equilibrium points were also derived analytically based on their eigenvalues. As for the numerical simulations, the parameter of contamination rate is varied to investigate the effect of pollution on the population of sea turtles. The results suggested that if the contamination rate is high, then the population of sea turtles are expected to decrease and extinct approximately within 10 years. The comparison of survival and extinction of sea turtles are shown using the time series plots.
{"title":"Modeling the Impact of Pollution on Sea Turtles","authors":"Ummu Atiqah MOHD ROSLAN, F. N. Harun","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2913","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities are currently threatening sea turtles at all life stages, both on nesting beaches and at sea. The debris and toxic waste dumped on the coast or at sea pollutes the sea and puts marine life in danger. In recent years, the number of global turtle population have noticeably decreased, and this is largely due to plastic pollution. However, how the sea pollution affects the sea turtles’ populations is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, using the mathematical model, we will investigate the impact of pollution on sea turtle population. The model system is analyzed using standard mathematical techniques, including positivity of solutions and stability analysis. Our findings showed that there are two possible equilibrium points (i.e. steady-state solutions) for the model proposed, in which the stability analysis showed that only one of the solutions is asymptotically stable. Thus, the conditions of stability for both equilibrium points were also derived analytically based on their eigenvalues. As for the numerical simulations, the parameter of contamination rate is varied to investigate the effect of pollution on the population of sea turtles. The results suggested that if the contamination rate is high, then the population of sea turtles are expected to decrease and extinct approximately within 10 years. The comparison of survival and extinction of sea turtles are shown using the time series plots.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74252133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2814
Ng Wei Shen, A. Abu Bakar, Hazura Mohamad
The rate of transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been very fast since the first reported case in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The disease has infected more than 3 million people worldwide and resulted in more than 224 thousand deaths as of May 1, 2020, reported by The World Health Organization (WHO). In the past, meteorological parameters such as temperature and humidity were essential and effective factors against serious infectious diseases such as influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Therefore, exploring the relationship between meteorological factors and active COVID-19 cases is essential. This study employs the long-short term memory (LSTM) method to predict Covid-19 Cases in Malaysia. We propose a univariate and multivariate model using Covid-19 cases and meteorology data. The univariate LSTM model uses Covid-19 active cases data in a year as a control attribute for model development. The multivariate LSTM model uses the integrated Covid-19 cases, and meteorology data consists of attributes: minimum, maximum, and average values of Humidity, Temperature, Windspeed, and Pressure from 13 states of Malaysia. The model's performance is evaluated using errors such as MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and the R2 Score. The low errors and higher R2 score indicate the model's excellent performance. We observed that the univariate LSTM model gives the least error in five states, indicating that those states' daily active cases are the main contributing factors. In the multivariate LSTM model, the daily cases and humidity, temperature, and windspeed are the main factors in several different states. The result of the study is to help the government to prevent and manage the spread of the COVID-19 and other upcoming pandemic better.
{"title":"Univariate and Multivariate Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Model to Predict Covid-19 Cases in Malaysia Using Integrated Meteorological Data","authors":"Ng Wei Shen, A. Abu Bakar, Hazura Mohamad","doi":"10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n4.2814","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been very fast since the first reported case in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The disease has infected more than 3 million people worldwide and resulted in more than 224 thousand deaths as of May 1, 2020, reported by The World Health Organization (WHO). In the past, meteorological parameters such as temperature and humidity were essential and effective factors against serious infectious diseases such as influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Therefore, exploring the relationship between meteorological factors and active COVID-19 cases is essential. This study employs the long-short term memory (LSTM) method to predict Covid-19 Cases in Malaysia. We propose a univariate and multivariate model using Covid-19 cases and meteorology data. The univariate LSTM model uses Covid-19 active cases data in a year as a control attribute for model development. The multivariate LSTM model uses the integrated Covid-19 cases, and meteorology data consists of attributes: minimum, maximum, and average values of Humidity, Temperature, Windspeed, and Pressure from 13 states of Malaysia. The model's performance is evaluated using errors such as MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and the R2 Score. The low errors and higher R2 score indicate the model's excellent performance. We observed that the univariate LSTM model gives the least error in five states, indicating that those states' daily active cases are the main contributing factors. In the multivariate LSTM model, the daily cases and humidity, temperature, and windspeed are the main factors in several different states. The result of the study is to help the government to prevent and manage the spread of the COVID-19 and other upcoming pandemic better.","PeriodicalId":18149,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86482993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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