Farmers need accurate and timely information to increase crop production and productivity. However, market price fluctuations and extension approach changes inspired the farmers to opt for private agricultural extension systems. The decision to adopt or reject an innovation depends on the farmer's attitude toward the innovation. Thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the unidimensional nature of scale through the scalogram technique (Good enough technique) and to administer the scale in analyzing the farmer's attitude towards PAES. Based on the review of literature and discussion with experts, 7 favorable statements were selected to assess the farmer's attitude towards PAES. To check the coefficient of reproducibility of the developed scale, it was administered with 15 subjects and found to be 0.83, indicating the scale's reliability. Simultaneously, the developed scale was employed to assess the attitude of farmers towards PAES and found that more than half of the farmers (53.33%) had a favorable attitude. Most of the farmers suggested that continuous monitoring and regulation of PAES should be done to ensure proper functioning.
{"title":"Farmers Attitude Towards Private Agricultural Extension Services (PAES): A Guttman Scalogram Analysis","authors":"M. Sree, K. C., Nirmala Devi L","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.x00681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.x00681","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers need accurate and timely information to increase crop production and productivity. However, market price fluctuations and extension approach changes inspired the farmers to opt for private agricultural extension systems. The decision to adopt or reject an innovation depends on the farmer's attitude toward the innovation. Thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the unidimensional nature of scale through the scalogram technique (Good enough technique) and to administer the scale in analyzing the farmer's attitude towards PAES. Based on the review of literature and discussion with experts, 7 favorable statements were selected to assess the farmer's attitude towards PAES. To check the coefficient of reproducibility of the developed scale, it was administered with 15 subjects and found to be 0.83, indicating the scale's reliability. Simultaneously, the developed scale was employed to assess the attitude of farmers towards PAES and found that more than half of the farmers (53.33%) had a favorable attitude. Most of the farmers suggested that continuous monitoring and regulation of PAES should be done to ensure proper functioning.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87025254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varsha Vidhya Mohan, Nanja Reddy Yellodu Adi Reddy
Finger millet is a nutritionally rich millet crop, predominantly cultivated under rainfed conditions worldwide. The crop's productivity is subject to diverse environmental stresses. The study's principal objective was to evaluate the underlying physiological distinctions among tolerant genotypes (GE-845, KMR-630) and susceptible genotypes (GE-1309, GE-5123) of finger millet. The studies focus on specific morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits contributing to drought tolerance at the heterotrophic and flowering stages, utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a phenotyping platform facility, respectively. Our findings highlight KMR-630 as the most drought-tolerant genotype, while GE-5123 exhibits pronounced drought susceptibility. Notably, the drought-tolerant KMR-630 genotype exhibits robust seedling vigour during the heterotrophic stage, maintains higher relative water content, increased total chlorophyll levels, mitigated membrane damage, and demonstrates enhanced finger length and above-ground dry matter compared to sensitive genotypes at the flowering stage. These insights offer valuable guidance for developing effective breeding strategies aimed at producing drought tolerant finger millet genotypes.
{"title":"Physiological basis of Moisture Stress Tolerance at Heterotrophic and Flowering Stage in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)","authors":"Varsha Vidhya Mohan, Nanja Reddy Yellodu Adi Reddy","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200d02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200d02","url":null,"abstract":"Finger millet is a nutritionally rich millet crop, predominantly cultivated under rainfed conditions worldwide. The crop's productivity is subject to diverse environmental stresses. The study's principal objective was to evaluate the underlying physiological distinctions among tolerant genotypes (GE-845, KMR-630) and susceptible genotypes (GE-1309, GE-5123) of finger millet. The studies focus on specific morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits contributing to drought tolerance at the heterotrophic and flowering stages, utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a phenotyping platform facility, respectively. Our findings highlight KMR-630 as the most drought-tolerant genotype, while GE-5123 exhibits pronounced drought susceptibility. Notably, the drought-tolerant KMR-630 genotype exhibits robust seedling vigour during the heterotrophic stage, maintains higher relative water content, increased total chlorophyll levels, mitigated membrane damage, and demonstrates enhanced finger length and above-ground dry matter compared to sensitive genotypes at the flowering stage. These insights offer valuable guidance for developing effective breeding strategies aimed at producing drought tolerant finger millet genotypes.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135561680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture has been rightly termed as India's soul, the only sector holding a positive GDP even during the COVID 19 pandemic. Such an important sector is vulnerable to several factors, such as climate change, land use changes, market fluctuations, and other socio-economic factors. The climatic factors are major game changers in Agricultural production, especially with rainfall being the decider of crop selection and cropping pattern, whereas Potential Evapotranspiration is mandatory to gain knowledge on the crop performance. Thus, understanding rainfall and Potential Evapotranspiration owes us the benefit of determining the Length of the growing period (LGP), which could be used in crop selection. The LGP was analyzed from gridded APHRODITE data. The LGP analysis for three blocks in the Virudhunagar district of Tamilnadu showed that there had been 17-18 weeks of growing period differing within the blocks. Crop selection needs to be accommodated within this growing period, and the major rainfed blocks could opt for pulses and millets.
{"title":"Block Level Analysis of Length of Growing Period in Virudhunagar District","authors":"S. T, Dheebakaran Ga, Kowshika M","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000773","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has been rightly termed as India's soul, the only sector holding a positive GDP even during the COVID 19 pandemic. Such an important sector is vulnerable to several factors, such as climate change, land use changes, market fluctuations, and other socio-economic factors. The climatic factors are major game changers in Agricultural production, especially with rainfall being the decider of crop selection and cropping pattern, whereas Potential Evapotranspiration is mandatory to gain knowledge on the crop performance. Thus, understanding rainfall and Potential Evapotranspiration owes us the benefit of determining the Length of the growing period (LGP), which could be used in crop selection. The LGP was analyzed from gridded APHRODITE data. The LGP analysis for three blocks in the Virudhunagar district of Tamilnadu showed that there had been 17-18 weeks of growing period differing within the blocks. Crop selection needs to be accommodated within this growing period, and the major rainfed blocks could opt for pulses and millets.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76697976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A pollinator survey was conducted in the Oddanchatram block of Dindigul district, where moringa is grown on a large scale. Several insect pollinators including honey bees, flies, beetles and butterflies were observed in the moringa ecosystem. The foraging behaviour of A. ceranaindica was increased during 0800 to 0900 h, followed by Amegilla zonata, and Episyrpussp. Working hours were high in A. ceranaindica followed by those of Amegilla zonata, Polistessp., A. dorsata, and Xylocopasp. In terms of handling time, A. ceranaindica spent more time, followed by A. dorsata, Amegilla zonata, and Xylocopasp., while Polistes sp. expended less time. The present study indicated that A. ceranaindica was the most abundant pollinator. Yield parameters viz., fruit length, fruit girth, individual fruit weight, and number of fruits per tree were maximum in bee pollinated than control. The colony growth parameters, viz., sealed honey area, pollen area, sealed brood area, and adult bee population, also developed in bee pollinated field. Therefore, by managing Indian honey bee colonies, we can make money on both moringa and colony yield
{"title":"Influence of Indian Honey Bees and Other Pollinators on The Yield Improvement of Moringa","authors":"Saravanan Ayyaswami, Sowmiya Chandrasekar, Srinivasan Madapuji Rajagopalan","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200814","url":null,"abstract":"A pollinator survey was conducted in the Oddanchatram block of Dindigul district, where moringa is grown on a large scale. Several insect pollinators including honey bees, flies, beetles and butterflies were observed in the moringa ecosystem. The foraging behaviour of A. ceranaindica was increased during 0800 to 0900 h, followed by Amegilla zonata, and Episyrpussp. Working hours were high in A. ceranaindica followed by those of Amegilla zonata, Polistessp., A. dorsata, and Xylocopasp. In terms of handling time, A. ceranaindica spent more time, followed by A. dorsata, Amegilla zonata, and Xylocopasp., while Polistes sp. expended less time. The present study indicated that A. ceranaindica was the most abundant pollinator. Yield parameters viz., fruit length, fruit girth, individual fruit weight, and number of fruits per tree were maximum in bee pollinated than control. The colony growth parameters, viz., sealed honey area, pollen area, sealed brood area, and adult bee population, also developed in bee pollinated field. Therefore, by managing Indian honey bee colonies, we can make money on both moringa and colony yield","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88893963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haribalaji V, Nirmala Devi M, Balasubramaniam P, Gangai Selvi R
The study aims to assess and evaluate the course's effectiveness and its impact on various stakeholders. An impact study seeks to understand how well a program or course, achieves its intended objectives and how it affects the participants, the institution, and the broader community. Sericulture, the art, and science of making silk, has played a significant role in human culture for many years as a source of luxury, wealth, and employment in rural areas. In response to this demand, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is offering Sericulture certificate programmes in distance mode. It has arisen as a potential way to educate and enable people from every aspect of life, particularly those living in rural regions, to engage in this lucrative industry. Sericulture course was chosen among 41 certificate courses and responses were collected from the successfully completed learners. This paper attempts to explain the impact of the course concerning eight various dimensions that describes the level of impact attained by Sericulture certificate course among learners. As, the study investigates the impact obtained by past learners, the research design Ex post facto design was utilized to conduct the study. The sample for the study was successful learners who had completed their certificate course during the year of 2019 (55) and 2020 (32) as total 87 successful learners were taken for the study from various districts in Tamil Nadu. Chi square test revealed that there is significant association between Geographical distance (0.016), Job aspiration (0.057*), Experience in Sericulture (0.009), Attitude towards Entrepreneurship (0.007) and Motivation (0.056*) with Impact of Sericulture certificate course. The study shows that majority of the learners benefited by completing the Sericulture certificate course and it created good impact among learners.
{"title":"Impact of Sericulture Certificate Courses Offered by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in a Distance Mode","authors":"Haribalaji V, Nirmala Devi M, Balasubramaniam P, Gangai Selvi R","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200828","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to assess and evaluate the course's effectiveness and its impact on various stakeholders. An impact study seeks to understand how well a program or course, achieves its intended objectives and how it affects the participants, the institution, and the broader community. Sericulture, the art, and science of making silk, has played a significant role in human culture for many years as a source of luxury, wealth, and employment in rural areas. In response to this demand, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is offering Sericulture certificate programmes in distance mode. It has arisen as a potential way to educate and enable people from every aspect of life, particularly those living in rural regions, to engage in this lucrative industry. Sericulture course was chosen among 41 certificate courses and responses were collected from the successfully completed learners. This paper attempts to explain the impact of the course concerning eight various dimensions that describes the level of impact attained by Sericulture certificate course among learners. As, the study investigates the impact obtained by past learners, the research design Ex post facto design was utilized to conduct the study. The sample for the study was successful learners who had completed their certificate course during the year of 2019 (55) and 2020 (32) as total 87 successful learners were taken for the study from various districts in Tamil Nadu. Chi square test revealed that there is significant association between Geographical distance (0.016), Job aspiration (0.057*), Experience in Sericulture (0.009), Attitude towards Entrepreneurship (0.007) and Motivation (0.056*) with Impact of Sericulture certificate course. The study shows that majority of the learners benefited by completing the Sericulture certificate course and it created good impact among learners.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of scarification and stratification treatments on germination and seedling vigour of fresh teak drupes was investigated. The drupes were subjected to the following scarification and stratification treatments viz., control, acid scarification (500 mL/kg of drupe) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. Cold stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 5o C. Warm stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 40o C. The treated and control drupes were sown in sand filled earthen pots and placed in direct sunlight for assessing the germination. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design with ten replications. Germination percentage, number of seedlings/100 drupes, time taken for initial emergence, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were recorded 28 days after sowing. Acid scarification for 40 minutes, cold stratification at 50°C for 40 days, and warm stratification at 40°C for 40 days resulted in 23.7, 29.8, and 22.7 percent germination, respectively. From this study it could be concluded that warm stratification of fresh teak drupes at 40 0C for 40 days gave maximum germination (29.8 per cent) and seedling vigour (468).
{"title":"Effect of Scarification and Stratification treatments on Germination and Seedling Vigour of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f) Drupes","authors":"Venkatesan S, Masilamani P, Eevera T, Janaki P, Sundareswaran S, Rajkumar P","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200690","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of scarification and stratification treatments on germination and seedling vigour of fresh teak drupes was investigated. The drupes were subjected to the following scarification and stratification treatments viz., control, acid scarification (500 mL/kg of drupe) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. Cold stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 5o C. Warm stratification for 30, 40 and 50 days at 40o C. The treated and control drupes were sown in sand filled earthen pots and placed in direct sunlight for assessing the germination. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design with ten replications. Germination percentage, number of seedlings/100 drupes, time taken for initial emergence, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were recorded 28 days after sowing. Acid scarification for 40 minutes, cold stratification at 50°C for 40 days, and warm stratification at 40°C for 40 days resulted in 23.7, 29.8, and 22.7 percent germination, respectively. From this study it could be concluded that warm stratification of fresh teak drupes at 40 0C for 40 days gave maximum germination (29.8 per cent) and seedling vigour (468).","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135210848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black plastic film mulching is widely practiced in crop production, especially in horticultural systems, because of its multiple benefits. However, its post-usage polluting residues and limited availability to farmers at all places cause concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate in a field experiment the potential of the commonly available stationery-purpose poly-coated brown wrapping sheet mulching in bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in comparison with black plastic film mulching. Observations made on plant height and fruit yield, soil temperature and soil microbial population revealed that the less-polluting poly-coated brown wrapping sheet mulching was as good as the black plastic film mulching in performance which is discussed in the light of increase in plant growth and yield, moisture conservation and weed suppression, root-zone temperature moderation and termite activity.
{"title":"Poly-Coated Brown Wrapping Paper Sheet as an Alternative to Black Plastic Film Mulch in Bhendi","authors":"M. P, Mathan Kumar G","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000726","url":null,"abstract":"Black plastic film mulching is widely practiced in crop production, especially in horticultural systems, because of its multiple benefits. However, its post-usage polluting residues and limited availability to farmers at all places cause concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate in a field experiment the potential of the commonly available stationery-purpose poly-coated brown wrapping sheet mulching in bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in comparison with black plastic film mulching. Observations made on plant height and fruit yield, soil temperature and soil microbial population revealed that the less-polluting poly-coated brown wrapping sheet mulching was as good as the black plastic film mulching in performance which is discussed in the light of increase in plant growth and yield, moisture conservation and weed suppression, root-zone temperature moderation and termite activity.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80459951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Characterization of germplasm based on the phenotypic traits is essential for the identification of desirable genotypes in any crop improvement programme. In the present study, fifty three barnyard millet genotypes including checks were characterized for morphological traits. The genotypes exhibited considerable variation for the phenotypic traits studied. Single plant yield recorded the highest coefficient of variation of 35.47 per cent, followed by lower raceme length (32.22%), and peduncle length (30.52%). The least coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.18 per cent was observed for plant height. PCA analysis revealed that the first four principal components contributed to a maximum of 70.98 per cent of the total variation among genotypes. Cluster analysis based on quantitative traits categorized the 53 barnyard millet accessions into four distinctive clusters. Cluster I and cluster II included high-yielding genotypes, while cluster III and cluster IV consisted of low-yielding genotypes. The genotypes viz., GECH758, GECH746, GECH27, CO(KV)2, MA1, GECH10 and TNEf192 were found to be superior in terms of yield attributing traits viz., single plant yield and thousand-grain weight. The desirable genotypes can be utilized in hybridization programs for yield improvement in barnyard millet.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Variability in Barnyard Millet [Echinochloa frumentaceae (L.)] Germplasm Based on Morphological Traits","authors":"G. S, Dhandapani M, S. V","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000723","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of germplasm based on the phenotypic traits is essential for the identification of desirable genotypes in any crop improvement programme. In the present study, fifty three barnyard millet genotypes including checks were characterized for morphological traits. The genotypes exhibited considerable variation for the phenotypic traits studied. Single plant yield recorded the highest coefficient of variation of 35.47 per cent, followed by lower raceme length (32.22%), and peduncle length (30.52%). The least coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.18 per cent was observed for plant height. PCA analysis revealed that the first four principal components contributed to a maximum of 70.98 per cent of the total variation among genotypes. Cluster analysis based on quantitative traits categorized the 53 barnyard millet accessions into four distinctive clusters. Cluster I and cluster II included high-yielding genotypes, while cluster III and cluster IV consisted of low-yielding genotypes. The genotypes viz., GECH758, GECH746, GECH27, CO(KV)2, MA1, GECH10 and TNEf192 were found to be superior in terms of yield attributing traits viz., single plant yield and thousand-grain weight. The desirable genotypes can be utilized in hybridization programs for yield improvement in barnyard millet.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90921450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Termite attack causes severe damage in agricultural crops viz., wheat, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, groundnut and fruit trees. An explicit survey was done in various districts of Tamil Nadu, India, for inventorying different termite species inflicting damage in major crops viz., groundnut, sugarcane and maize.The termite species attacking important agricultural crops of Tamil Nadu were morphologically identified as Odontotermesobesus, O. wallonensis, O. redemanni, O. hornii and O. brunneus pertaining to subfamily Macrotermitinae and Nasutitermesbrunneus of subfamily Nasutitermitinae, both falling under the family Termitidae and Neotermesbosei belonging to subfamily Kalotermitinae under family Kalotermitidae.
{"title":"Inventorying Various Termite Species Attacking Agricultural Crops in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Ramya R S, N. Pradeepa, R. M","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200801","url":null,"abstract":"Termite attack causes severe damage in agricultural crops viz., wheat, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, groundnut and fruit trees. An explicit survey was done in various districts of Tamil Nadu, India, for inventorying different termite species inflicting damage in major crops viz., groundnut, sugarcane and maize.The termite species attacking important agricultural crops of Tamil Nadu were morphologically identified as Odontotermesobesus, O. wallonensis, O. redemanni, O. hornii and O. brunneus pertaining to subfamily Macrotermitinae and Nasutitermesbrunneus of subfamily Nasutitermitinae, both falling under the family Termitidae and Neotermesbosei belonging to subfamily Kalotermitinae under family Kalotermitidae.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72811977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted on soil application of different levels of copper (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 kg Cu ha-1) and foliar application (0.25% CuSO4 at tillering stage, 0.25% CuSO4 at tillering and flowering stage, 0.5% CuSO4 at tillering stage and 0.5% CuSO4 at tillering and flowering stage) to test the response of rice plants grown in a copperresponsive in Typic Haplustalfs of Tamil Nadu. The treatment plots were replicated three times in a randomized block design. The growth attributes like plant height, tillering, and dry matter yield enhanced with increasing Cu levels and was maximum at 1.5 mg kg-1 Cu. The grain yield at 1.5 mg kg-1 Cu was enhanced by 62.9% from the control. The outcomes uncovered that the Cu concentrations in leaves, grain, and straw enhanced with increasing levels of Cu application. Application of low Copper application (0.5 to 1.5 kg Cu ha-1) significantly increased the macro (total N, P, K) and micro nutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn) content in leaves, grain, and straw of rice, however, higher concentrations (2.0 to 3.0 kg Cu ha-1) drastically reduced the nutrient content of rice.
为研究泰米尔纳德邦典型单株水稻对铜的响应，采用不同铜水平(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 kg Cu ha-1)和叶面(分蘖期0.25% CuSO4、分蘖期0.25% CuSO4、分蘖期0.5% CuSO4和分蘖期0.5% CuSO4)土壤施用铜的田间试验。在随机区组设计中重复三次处理图。株高、分蘖和干物质产量等生长性状随着Cu水平的增加而增加，在1.5 mg kg-1 Cu时达到最大值。在1.5 mg kg-1 Cu处理下，籽粒产量比对照提高了62.9%。结果表明，叶片、籽粒和秸秆中的Cu浓度随Cu施用水平的增加而增加。低铜处理(0.5 ~ 1.5 kg Cu ha-1)显著提高了水稻叶片、籽粒和秸秆中宏观(总N、P、K)和微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn)含量，而高铜处理(2.0 ~ 3.0 kg Cu ha-1)显著降低了水稻养分含量。
{"title":"Effect of Copper on Growth and Yield and Macro and Micro Nutrient Concentration of Rice (Oryza sativa. L) in Typic Haplustalf","authors":"Akila G","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000724","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted on soil application of different levels of copper (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 kg Cu ha-1) and foliar application (0.25% CuSO4 at tillering stage, 0.25% CuSO4 at tillering and flowering stage, 0.5% CuSO4 at tillering stage and 0.5% CuSO4 at tillering and flowering stage) to test the response of rice plants grown in a copperresponsive in Typic Haplustalfs of Tamil Nadu. The treatment plots were replicated three times in a randomized block design. The growth attributes like plant height, tillering, and dry matter yield enhanced with increasing Cu levels and was maximum at 1.5 mg kg-1 Cu. The grain yield at 1.5 mg kg-1 Cu was enhanced by 62.9% from the control. The outcomes uncovered that the Cu concentrations in leaves, grain, and straw enhanced with increasing levels of Cu application. Application of low Copper application (0.5 to 1.5 kg Cu ha-1) significantly increased the macro (total N, P, K) and micro nutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn) content in leaves, grain, and straw of rice, however, higher concentrations (2.0 to 3.0 kg Cu ha-1) drastically reduced the nutrient content of rice.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74932761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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