Southern root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is an important nematode genus infesting okra growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. The present study was carried out to understand the cytological changes that occur during Meloidogyne incognita interaction with okra roots by employing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results exhibited the explicit changes in cellular structures of healthy and nematode-infested roots. The healthy roots possessed normal cell size for metaxylem, protoxylem, pith and cortex region nevertheless nematode infested roots revealed coalesced cellular structures. Root cell wall thickening, cell wall ingrowth, and starch granule accumulates of varying diameter were also observed in M. incognita infested okra roots, which were found to be the factors responsible for producing above ground symptoms during host-nematode interaction. Longitudinal imaging of nematode infested roots showed the nematode entry points of varying diameter along with adhered juveniles Juveniles on root topography and this was in contrast in M. incognita infested okra roots. Comparatively, these structures were absent in healthy roots.
{"title":"Exploring the Plant Nematode Interaction of Meloidogyne Incognita under Okra Ecosystem","authors":"Shandeep Sg, S. A, K. P, A. A","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200806","url":null,"abstract":"Southern root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is an important nematode genus infesting okra growing tracts of Tamil Nadu. The present study was carried out to understand the cytological changes that occur during Meloidogyne incognita interaction with okra roots by employing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results exhibited the explicit changes in cellular structures of healthy and nematode-infested roots. The healthy roots possessed normal cell size for metaxylem, protoxylem, pith and cortex region nevertheless nematode infested roots revealed coalesced cellular structures. Root cell wall thickening, cell wall ingrowth, and starch granule accumulates of varying diameter were also observed in M. incognita infested okra roots, which were found to be the factors responsible for producing above ground symptoms during host-nematode interaction. Longitudinal imaging of nematode infested roots showed the nematode entry points of varying diameter along with adhered juveniles Juveniles on root topography and this was in contrast in M. incognita infested okra roots. Comparatively, these structures were absent in healthy roots.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86114752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two tree type, mulberry V1 and G4, were examined in the investigations for the impact of various spacing on growth and yield metrics. The results show that spacing has an impact on how mulberries grow. Among the different spacings, 6 ft x 6 ft had the highest single shoot length (133.10 cm), minimum internodal length (3.95 cm), length of the longest shoot (128.47 cm), total shoot length (1267.18 cm), physiological attribute like leaf area (137.75 cm2), and yield attributes like single leaf weight of 5.35 g, weight of 100 leaves (518.50 g), number of leaves per shoot (61.75), and leaf yield per plant (3.00 kg). The cultivation of tree-type mulberries is particularly adaptable to a 6' x 6' spacing.
{"title":"Evaluation of Different Spacing For Growth and Yield Contributing Characters of Tree Type Mulberry","authors":"Susikaran S","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000789","url":null,"abstract":"The two tree type, mulberry V1 and G4, were examined in the investigations for the impact of various spacing on growth and yield metrics. The results show that spacing has an impact on how mulberries grow. Among the different spacings, 6 ft x 6 ft had the highest single shoot length (133.10 cm), minimum internodal length (3.95 cm), length of the longest shoot (128.47 cm), total shoot length (1267.18 cm), physiological attribute like leaf area (137.75 cm2), and yield attributes like single leaf weight of 5.35 g, weight of 100 leaves (518.50 g), number of leaves per shoot (61.75), and leaf yield per plant (3.00 kg). The cultivation of tree-type mulberries is particularly adaptable to a 6' x 6' spacing.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89185398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2021 to develop an economically viable nutrient management package for chilli that sustains growth, yield and quality of the produce at the same time. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with six treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of organic, inorganic and combined nutrient management practices. The results revealed that the state recommended practices (Farm yard manure @ 25 t ha-1 + Azophos @ 2 kg ha-1 + recommended dose fertilizers (RDF)) registered the highest plant height (71.7), number of branches per plant (24.7), leaf area (22.5 cm2), number of fruits per plant (79.4) and yield per hectare (16589 kg). However, interms of economics the organic nutrient management practices performed well with 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water fetching higher benefit cost ratio (2.40). The quality parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid content were also higher (5.84 °brix and 127.46 mg 100 g-1 respectively) under 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water applied plots compared to other nutrient management practices. It can be concluded that the application of state recommended management practices had a positive effect on growth and yield. However for getting economically sustainable and quality chilli, the organic package – 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + application of Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water can be suggested.
该田间试验于2021年在哥印拜陀泰米尔纳德邦农业大学进行，旨在开发一种经济上可行的辣椒营养管理方案，同时保持辣椒的生长、产量和质量。试验采用随机区组设计，6个处理，5个重复。处理方式包括有机、无机和复合养分管理。结果表明，国家推荐做法(农家肥@ 25 t ha-1 +偶氮磷@ 2 kg ha-1 +推荐剂量肥料)的株高(71.7)、单株枝数(24.7)、叶面积(22.5 cm2)、单株果数(79.4)和每公顷产量(16589 kg)最高。然而，在经济学方面，有机养分管理实践表现良好，通过有机肥料(50% FYM + 50%蚯蚓堆肥)+ Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit 250 kg hm -1, Jeevamrit 500升hm -1次，每月两次，灌溉水获得更高的效益成本比(2.40)。在需要量为50%的有机肥料(50% FYM + 50%蚯蚓堆肥)+ Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500升ha-1次-1的苗木处理下，与其他养分管理方法相比，质量参数如总可溶性固形物(TSS)和抗坏血酸含量也更高(分别为5.84°brix和127.46 mg 100 g-1)。由此可见，国家推荐管理措施的应用对水稻生长和产量均有积极的促进作用。然而，为了获得经济上可持续和优质的辣椒，建议采用有机包装-通过有机肥料(50% FYM + 50%蚯蚓堆肥)提供50%的氮需求+ Beejamrit苗木处理+每月两次使用Ghanajeevamrit 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit 500升ha-1次-1灌溉水。
{"title":"Developing an Economically Viable Nutrient Management Package that Sustains Growth, Yield and Quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"Sunitha R, G. R, Suganthy M, M. S","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200717","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2021 to develop an economically viable nutrient management package for chilli that sustains growth, yield and quality of the produce at the same time. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with six treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of organic, inorganic and combined nutrient management practices. The results revealed that the state recommended practices (Farm yard manure @ 25 t ha-1 + Azophos @ 2 kg ha-1 + recommended dose fertilizers (RDF)) registered the highest plant height (71.7), number of branches per plant (24.7), leaf area (22.5 cm2), number of fruits per plant (79.4) and yield per hectare (16589 kg). However, interms of economics the organic nutrient management practices performed well with 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water fetching higher benefit cost ratio (2.40). The quality parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid content were also higher (5.84 °brix and 127.46 mg 100 g-1 respectively) under 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water applied plots compared to other nutrient management practices. It can be concluded that the application of state recommended management practices had a positive effect on growth and yield. However for getting economically sustainable and quality chilli, the organic package – 50 % N requirement through organic manures (50 % FYM + 50 % Vermicompost) + seedling treatment with Beejamrit + application of Ghanajeevamrit @ 250 kg ha-1, Jeevamrit @ 500 litres ha-1 time-1 twice a month with irrigation water can be suggested.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Little millet plant, in general, withstands various climatic changes and environmental stresses. The endophytic bacterial communities associated with these plants help the plant to develop enduring harsh conditions. Priming seeds with endophytic bacteria helps the host plant grow under adverse environments. The present study aimed to prime the seeds with apoplastic endophytic bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LAS10 from little millet (var. ATL1) and to evaluate the efficiency to tolerate an osmotic potential of -10 bars (-1MPa). The seeds were primed with B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 to investigate the plant growth attributes in vitro and in vivo. Induced drought stress was imposed using different concentrations of PEG6000 in vitro and by withholding the irrigation for ten days during panicle initiation in vivo. Biometric observations were recorded. The results showed significant differences both in vegetative growth parameters as well as yield attributes compared with the control under moisture stress. During the panicle initiation stage (20 DAS), the shoot length (32.26, and 28.36 cm), root length (19.1, and 17.7 cm), total plant biomass (4.61, and 2.47 g), number of productive tillers plant-1 (5, and 3), the total number of panicles plant1 (15.63, and 13.69), panicle length (9.9 cm, and 9.1 cm) and 1000 grain weight (12.91, and 11.92 g), grain yield plant-1 (16.92, and 12.24g), straw yield (21.65, and 19.31) registered more in B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 primed plants compared to uninoculated control under both irrigated and drought stressed conditions, respectively. Thus, the present study confirmed that the inoculation of little millet with the apoplastic bacterium B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 could promote plant growth and productivity under moisture stress. Further, the apoplastic bacterium B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 can be recommended as a bio-inoculant for alleviating drought stress in little millet and enhancing crop fitness and sustainable little millet production.
{"title":"Priming Apoplast-Associated Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens LAS10 Enhances Growth and Yield Attributes of Little Millet Under Drought Stress","authors":"MONISHA Rajkumar, Shobana Narayanasamy, Sivakumar Uthandi","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.200837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.200837","url":null,"abstract":"Little millet plant, in general, withstands various climatic changes and environmental stresses. The endophytic bacterial communities associated with these plants help the plant to develop enduring harsh conditions. Priming seeds with endophytic bacteria helps the host plant grow under adverse environments. The present study aimed to prime the seeds with apoplastic endophytic bacteria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LAS10 from little millet (var. ATL1) and to evaluate the efficiency to tolerate an osmotic potential of -10 bars (-1MPa). The seeds were primed with B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 to investigate the plant growth attributes in vitro and in vivo. Induced drought stress was imposed using different concentrations of PEG6000 in vitro and by withholding the irrigation for ten days during panicle initiation in vivo. Biometric observations were recorded. The results showed significant differences both in vegetative growth parameters as well as yield attributes compared with the control under moisture stress. During the panicle initiation stage (20 DAS), the shoot length (32.26, and 28.36 cm), root length (19.1, and 17.7 cm), total plant biomass (4.61, and 2.47 g), number of productive tillers plant-1 (5, and 3), the total number of panicles plant1 (15.63, and 13.69), panicle length (9.9 cm, and 9.1 cm) and 1000 grain weight (12.91, and 11.92 g), grain yield plant-1 (16.92, and 12.24g), straw yield (21.65, and 19.31) registered more in B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 primed plants compared to uninoculated control under both irrigated and drought stressed conditions, respectively. Thus, the present study confirmed that the inoculation of little millet with the apoplastic bacterium B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 could promote plant growth and productivity under moisture stress. Further, the apoplastic bacterium B. amyloliquefaciens LAS10 can be recommended as a bio-inoculant for alleviating drought stress in little millet and enhancing crop fitness and sustainable little millet production.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed analyze the variability, correlation, and path analysis in 97 rice landraces of Tamil Nadu for ten quantitative characters. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation of the traits, namely total number of tillers, productive tillers per plant, and yield per plant, were high, indicating that these traits were not affected by the environment. Moderate Phenotypic coefficient of variation and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was observed for the traits days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, and test weight, indicating that selection based on the heritable nature of the trait would be effective. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, the total number of tillers, productive tillers per plant, days to maturity, test weight, and plant yield. This shows that direct selection of these traits in crop improvement will be very effective because additive effects control these traits. In the association analysis, the plant height at the genotypic and phenotypic levels and test weight at the genotypic level showed a highly significant and significant positive correlation with plant yield. Path coefficient analysis shows that the total number of tillers, panicle length, decorticated grain length, and decorticated grain width had a strong positive effect on the performance of a single plant. Direct selection of characteristics such as plant height, test weight, the total number of tillers, panicle length, decorticated grain length, and decorticated grain width can increase single plant yield. Therefore, selection based on these traits for improving rice yield would be desirable.
{"title":"Studies on Variability, Association and Path Analysis in Rice Landraces of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Priyanga R S, A. S.","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000579","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed analyze the variability, correlation, and path analysis in 97 rice landraces of Tamil Nadu for ten quantitative characters. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation of the traits, namely total number of tillers, productive tillers per plant, and yield per plant, were high, indicating that these traits were not affected by the environment. Moderate Phenotypic coefficient of variation and Genotypic Coefficient of Variation was observed for the traits days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, and test weight, indicating that selection based on the heritable nature of the trait would be effective. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, the total number of tillers, productive tillers per plant, days to maturity, test weight, and plant yield. This shows that direct selection of these traits in crop improvement will be very effective because additive effects control these traits. In the association analysis, the plant height at the genotypic and phenotypic levels and test weight at the genotypic level showed a highly significant and significant positive correlation with plant yield. Path coefficient analysis shows that the total number of tillers, panicle length, decorticated grain length, and decorticated grain width had a strong positive effect on the performance of a single plant. Direct selection of characteristics such as plant height, test weight, the total number of tillers, panicle length, decorticated grain length, and decorticated grain width can increase single plant yield. Therefore, selection based on these traits for improving rice yield would be desirable.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75149015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V., K. R, P. S., Kumaraperumal R, Priya Mv, P. A. Varshini, P. A
Globally 64% of the wetlands have disappeared since 1970 and the loss is higher in Asia, about 5000 km2 annually due to agriculture, dam construction and other uses. In India, the loss is about 38% with the disappearance rate of 2-3% per year. Further dependence on these wetlands leads to either extinction or threatened the species including 21% of bird species, 37% of mammal species and 20% fresh water fish species. Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water level. According to Ramsar convention the wetlands are classified as three types via., coastal/ marine wetlands, inland wetlands and human made wetlands. Worldwide, the freshwater wetland ecosystems are among the mostly heavily used, depended upon and exploited ecosystems for sustainability and well-being. The main causes of wetland loss have been classified into two types namely acute and chronic wetland loss. This loss in wetland area results in adverse impact on the key functions performed by wetlands. Hence, we have to conserve these wetlands by implementing effective legal framework and management strategies. In this context Ramsar convention is an important International Treaty for the Conservation and Sustainable use of Wetlands which was signed at a city of Iran (Ramsar) in 1971. There are currently over 2,400 Ramsar sites on the territories of 171 Ramsar Contracting Parties across the world. They cover over 2.5 million square kilometers, an area larger than Mexico.
{"title":"A Review on Wetlands – Threats, Conservation, Strategies and Policies","authors":"V. V., K. R, P. S., Kumaraperumal R, Priya Mv, P. A. Varshini, P. A","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000715","url":null,"abstract":"Globally 64% of the wetlands have disappeared since 1970 and the loss is higher in Asia, about 5000 km2 annually due to agriculture, dam construction and other uses. In India, the loss is about 38% with the disappearance rate of 2-3% per year. Further dependence on these wetlands leads to either extinction or threatened the species including 21% of bird species, 37% of mammal species and 20% fresh water fish species. Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water level. According to Ramsar convention the wetlands are classified as three types via., coastal/ marine wetlands, inland wetlands and human made wetlands. Worldwide, the freshwater wetland ecosystems are among the mostly heavily used, depended upon and exploited ecosystems for sustainability and well-being. The main causes of wetland loss have been classified into two types namely acute and chronic wetland loss. This loss in wetland area results in adverse impact on the key functions performed by wetlands. Hence, we have to conserve these wetlands by implementing effective legal framework and management strategies. In this context Ramsar convention is an important International Treaty for the Conservation and Sustainable use of Wetlands which was signed at a city of Iran (Ramsar) in 1971. There are currently over 2,400 Ramsar sites on the territories of 171 Ramsar Contracting Parties across the world. They cover over 2.5 million square kilometers, an area larger than Mexico.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72658450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A., Pugalendhi L, Aneesa Rani M S, J. P, K. M., M. S
Mango (Mangifera indica. L) is characterized by a high level of genetic variation in seedling population. Estimation of genetic advance is required for the expected genotypic progress of a particular character. Keeping this in view, genetic advances of year-round flowering mango (Mangifera indica. L) genotypes was carried out during 2019-2021 in farmer’s field at Annur, Coimbatore. High Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) was found in fruit yield per tree was 30.63 per cent. The low GCV values were found for the traits viz., panicle length (6.61 %), days taken for flowering to fruit set (1.75%), days taken for flowering to fruit maturation (1.76 %), percentage of hermaphrodite flowers (5.38 %), sex ratio (5.18%). Whereas high values of heritability estimates were obtained for the traits viz., fruit yield per tree (99.43 %), number of panicles/tree (98.91 %), number of fruits per tree (97.74 %), panicle per sq.m of canopy (97.40 %). The high heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for fruit yield per tree (99.43, 62.91), number of panicles/tree (98.91, 46.84), number of fruits per tree (97.74, 43.03), panicle per sq.m of canopy (97.40, 28.64) indicates the possibility of improving these traits by selection since there is a wide range of variation and additive gene action exists for these traits. The traits viz., panicle per sq.m of canopy, panicle length, number of panicles/tree, sex ratio, number of fruits per tree were positively correlated with fruit yield per tree. Hence, the selection for these characters would improve fruit yield in mango.
{"title":"Genetic Analysis of Mango (Mangifera indica. L) Genotypes for Year-round Flowering and Yield Characters","authors":"A. A., Pugalendhi L, Aneesa Rani M S, J. P, K. M., M. S","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000573","url":null,"abstract":"Mango (Mangifera indica. L) is characterized by a high level of genetic variation in seedling population. Estimation of genetic advance is required for the expected genotypic progress of a particular character. Keeping this in view, genetic advances of year-round flowering mango (Mangifera indica. L) genotypes was carried out during 2019-2021 in farmer’s field at Annur, Coimbatore. High Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) was found in fruit yield per tree was 30.63 per cent. The low GCV values were found for the traits viz., panicle length (6.61 %), days taken for flowering to fruit set (1.75%), days taken for flowering to fruit maturation (1.76 %), percentage of hermaphrodite flowers (5.38 %), sex ratio (5.18%). Whereas high values of heritability estimates were obtained for the traits viz., fruit yield per tree (99.43 %), number of panicles/tree (98.91 %), number of fruits per tree (97.74 %), panicle per sq.m of canopy (97.40 %). The high heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for fruit yield per tree (99.43, 62.91), number of panicles/tree (98.91, 46.84), number of fruits per tree (97.74, 43.03), panicle per sq.m of canopy (97.40, 28.64) indicates the possibility of improving these traits by selection since there is a wide range of variation and additive gene action exists for these traits. The traits viz., panicle per sq.m of canopy, panicle length, number of panicles/tree, sex ratio, number of fruits per tree were positively correlated with fruit yield per tree. Hence, the selection for these characters would improve fruit yield in mango.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84530678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experimental site was carried out at Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore, during Rabi season of 2018-19 to evaluate the pre and post-emergence herbicides on weed control and yield of irrigated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results of the experiment concluded that application of pendimethalin at 750g ha-1 as pre-emergence followed by one-hand weeding at 30 days after sowing documented lower total weed density and higher weed control efficiency compared to other treatments and also found superior seed yield (843 kg ha-1). In addition, non-availability of pre-emergence herbicide at the appropriate time, application of early post- emergence of imazythapyr 35 a.e. + imazamox 35 a.e. @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 with hand weeding on 40 days after sowing was found to be better than hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing.
本试验于2018-19年拉比季在哥印拜托国立农业大学农学院和研究所开展，旨在评价出苗前和出苗后除草剂对灌溉芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.)杂草控制和产量的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计，设3个重复。试验结果表明，与其他处理相比，出苗前施用750g ha-1的戊二甲基灵，播后30 d单手除草，总杂草密度更低，防杂草效率更高，种子产量也更高(843 kg ha-1)。此外，在未适时施用出苗期除草剂的情况下，播种后40天使用早期出苗期除草剂imazythapyr 35 a.e. + imazamox 35 a.e. @ 30 g a.i. ha-1进行手动除草，效果优于播种后20天和40天两次手动除草。
{"title":"Effect of Pre and Early Post Emergence Herbicidal Activity on Weed Flora and Yield of Irrigated Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)","authors":"S. K, Selvakumar T, C. C R","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000647","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental site was carried out at Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore, during Rabi season of 2018-19 to evaluate the pre and post-emergence herbicides on weed control and yield of irrigated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results of the experiment concluded that application of pendimethalin at 750g ha-1 as pre-emergence followed by one-hand weeding at 30 days after sowing documented lower total weed density and higher weed control efficiency compared to other treatments and also found superior seed yield (843 kg ha-1). In addition, non-availability of pre-emergence herbicide at the appropriate time, application of early post- emergence of imazythapyr 35 a.e. + imazamox 35 a.e. @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 with hand weeding on 40 days after sowing was found to be better than hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82514622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty-nine sunflower genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability and association of various morphological traits with seed yield. The genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Eight biometrical traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), volume weight (g/100 mL), 100-seed weight (g), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g) were recorded. The phenotypic and genotypic variation washigh for seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight, indicating that selection will be effective for improving these characters. Traits with high heritability and high genetic advance were highly amenable to selection which was observed for days to 50% flowering and plant height. The trait days to maturity weregoverned by non additive gene action as it showed low genetic advance. Correlation coefficients measure the degree of relationship between two or more variables. The key trait seed yield per plant had positive significant correlation with plant height (0.61), head diameter (0.83) and 100-seed weight (0.73). Path analysis revealed that 100-seed weight (0.62), days to maturity (0.34) and head diameter (0.30) had high positive direct effect on seed yield. Head diameter had the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield per plant through 100-seed weight (0.45)
{"title":"Genetic Variability and Association Analysis for Yield and Its Component Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)","authors":"Reavanth T, M. N, S. R., R. L.","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000707","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-nine sunflower genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability and association of various morphological traits with seed yield. The genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Eight biometrical traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), volume weight (g/100 mL), 100-seed weight (g), oil content (%) and seed yield per plant (g) were recorded. The phenotypic and genotypic variation washigh for seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight, indicating that selection will be effective for improving these characters. Traits with high heritability and high genetic advance were highly amenable to selection which was observed for days to 50% flowering and plant height. The trait days to maturity weregoverned by non additive gene action as it showed low genetic advance. Correlation coefficients measure the degree of relationship between two or more variables. The key trait seed yield per plant had positive significant correlation with plant height (0.61), head diameter (0.83) and 100-seed weight (0.73). Path analysis revealed that 100-seed weight (0.62), days to maturity (0.34) and head diameter (0.30) had high positive direct effect on seed yield. Head diameter had the highest positive indirect effect on seed yield per plant through 100-seed weight (0.45)","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76374229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was executed in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu by selecting 4 major vegetable-producing blocks, 100 vegetable farmers have been drawn proportionately and the data were gathered using a wellstructured and pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS software. The study aims at assessing and comparing the awareness and adoption levels of vegetable farmers regarding safe pesticide handling practices. Among the selected vegetable farmers, a majority (73%) of the vegetable farmers have a medium level of awareness about safe pesticide handling practices. At the same time, majority (51%) of the vegetable farmers have a low level of adoption. It can be interpreted from the study that most vegetable farmers were aware, but they were not properly adopting safe pesticide handling practices.
{"title":"Awareness and Adoption Behavior of Vegetable Farmers on Safe Pesticide Handling Practices","authors":"Rakesh M, V. R, R. K, R. M","doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.000685","url":null,"abstract":"The study was executed in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu by selecting 4 major vegetable-producing blocks, 100 vegetable farmers have been drawn proportionately and the data were gathered using a wellstructured and pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using SPSS software. The study aims at assessing and comparing the awareness and adoption levels of vegetable farmers regarding safe pesticide handling practices. Among the selected vegetable farmers, a majority (73%) of the vegetable farmers have a medium level of awareness about safe pesticide handling practices. At the same time, majority (51%) of the vegetable farmers have a low level of adoption. It can be interpreted from the study that most vegetable farmers were aware, but they were not properly adopting safe pesticide handling practices.","PeriodicalId":18154,"journal":{"name":"Madras Agricultural Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91236225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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