One of the food ingredients with the potential to be used as raw material for low glycemic index food is functional cassava pulp flour (FCPF) which has a dietary fiber content of 23.84% and resistant starch of 7.31%. The present research aimed to obtain the optimal substitution concentration of FCPF to produce cookies with the best nutritional, organoleptic, and physical characteristics and a low glycemic index. It was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six levels of substitution concentration of FCPF, namely, 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The results showed that the higher the concentration of FCPF substitution, the higher the fiber content, the resistant starch content, and the texture of cookies. Cookies with a 50% FCPF substitute concentration have the same organoleptic quality as those made from wheat flour (6.6 versus 6.9) but with the lowest glycemic index (40.29%). Cookie products with a 50% FCPF formulation are categorized as foods with a low glycemic index.
{"title":"Development of Low Glycemic Index Cookies Made From Functional Cassava Pulp Flour","authors":"Beni Hidayat, Udin Hasanudin, Siti Nurdjanah, Neti Yuliana, None Zukryandry","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m009","url":null,"abstract":"One of the food ingredients with the potential to be used as raw material for low glycemic index food is functional cassava pulp flour (FCPF) which has a dietary fiber content of 23.84% and resistant starch of 7.31%. The present research aimed to obtain the optimal substitution concentration of FCPF to produce cookies with the best nutritional, organoleptic, and physical characteristics and a low glycemic index. It was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six levels of substitution concentration of FCPF, namely, 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The results showed that the higher the concentration of FCPF substitution, the higher the fiber content, the resistant starch content, and the texture of cookies. Cookies with a 50% FCPF substitute concentration have the same organoleptic quality as those made from wheat flour (6.6 versus 6.9) but with the lowest glycemic index (40.29%). Cookie products with a 50% FCPF formulation are categorized as foods with a low glycemic index.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"187 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d180
Razanah Ramya, Suhair Kamoona, Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta, Wan Syibrah Hanisah Wan Sulaiman, Nur Hanie Mohd Latiff, Rashidi Othman
A mangrove plant known as Rhizophora apiculata is employed by Malay for treating skin diseases, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea, as an antiseptic, for tanning, and also as fuelwood and fodder. Its large-scale use can be attributed to its high-quality timber, availability as well and the presence of a chemical named tannin that is employed for reinforcing fishing lines, nets, and ropes. The tannin content of R. apiculata's roots, bark, and leaves is regarded to be a natural inhibitor of fungal infections. This study is focused on determining the different kinds of functional groups, as well as individual phenolic compounds present in R. apiculata for identifying new bioactive compounds via decoding of the traditional values of Malay remedies. There is a high demand for such natural bioactive compounds, particularly in the healthcare and pharmaceutical markets. Alkaline fractional extracts were employed to design an analytical extraction method for R. apiculata. As per the HPLC results, there were three phenolic acids detected namely Caffeic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, and Vanillic acid. Meanwhile, ten volatile compounds were identified by the GCTOF-MS. With regards to antibacterial activity, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli were inhibited by R. apiculata leaf extract, while C. albicans and Fusarium sp. were inhibited by their antifungal activity.
{"title":"A Study on an Active Functional Group and Antimicrobial Properties From Rhizophora apiculata Extracts Used in Traditional Malay as Medicine","authors":"Razanah Ramya, Suhair Kamoona, Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta, Wan Syibrah Hanisah Wan Sulaiman, Nur Hanie Mohd Latiff, Rashidi Othman","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d180","url":null,"abstract":"A mangrove plant known as Rhizophora apiculata is employed by Malay for treating skin diseases, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea, as an antiseptic, for tanning, and also as fuelwood and fodder. Its large-scale use can be attributed to its high-quality timber, availability as well and the presence of a chemical named tannin that is employed for reinforcing fishing lines, nets, and ropes. The tannin content of R. apiculata's roots, bark, and leaves is regarded to be a natural inhibitor of fungal infections. This study is focused on determining the different kinds of functional groups, as well as individual phenolic compounds present in R. apiculata for identifying new bioactive compounds via decoding of the traditional values of Malay remedies. There is a high demand for such natural bioactive compounds, particularly in the healthcare and pharmaceutical markets. Alkaline fractional extracts were employed to design an analytical extraction method for R. apiculata. As per the HPLC results, there were three phenolic acids detected namely Caffeic acid, 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, and Vanillic acid. Meanwhile, ten volatile compounds were identified by the GCTOF-MS. With regards to antibacterial activity, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and E. coli were inhibited by R. apiculata leaf extract, while C. albicans and Fusarium sp. were inhibited by their antifungal activity.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"170 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.c032
Shir Nee Ong, Chin Mei Lee
Rice straw is an agricultural waste that is normally produced after the paddy is harvested. Rice straw, which is high in cellulose content, makes it difficult to degrade. It is burnt away by most farmers as this method saves time and labor. However, the burning of rice straws could have a serious impact on the environment and human health in general. To overcome this, biodegradation using fungi should be applied in degrading the cellulosic waste. In this study, rice straws from Bagan Serai, Perak were collected. Decomposing of rice straws was prepared by adding coffee residue, cow and chicken dung, and phosphate fertilizer. A total of 18 isolates were isolated and purified from the sample and the isolates were brought further to macroscopic by observing the morphology. Morphological and microscopic characterization using a microscope was performed where the structure of the isolate was observed and their respective genus level was deduced. Among the 18 isolates, most of them were Aspergillus. Next, cellulase screening was done using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar with Gram iodine staining. Isolate C7 showed the largest diameter of the halo zone at 48 h of incubation whereas isolate 4D has the most significant increase of halo zone in 24-h duration.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Cellulolytic Fungi From Decomposing Rice Straws","authors":"Shir Nee Ong, Chin Mei Lee","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.c032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.c032","url":null,"abstract":"Rice straw is an agricultural waste that is normally produced after the paddy is harvested. Rice straw, which is high in cellulose content, makes it difficult to degrade. It is burnt away by most farmers as this method saves time and labor. However, the burning of rice straws could have a serious impact on the environment and human health in general. To overcome this, biodegradation using fungi should be applied in degrading the cellulosic waste. In this study, rice straws from Bagan Serai, Perak were collected. Decomposing of rice straws was prepared by adding coffee residue, cow and chicken dung, and phosphate fertilizer. A total of 18 isolates were isolated and purified from the sample and the isolates were brought further to macroscopic by observing the morphology. Morphological and microscopic characterization using a microscope was performed where the structure of the isolate was observed and their respective genus level was deduced. Among the 18 isolates, most of them were Aspergillus. Next, cellulase screening was done using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar with Gram iodine staining. Isolate C7 showed the largest diameter of the halo zone at 48 h of incubation whereas isolate 4D has the most significant increase of halo zone in 24-h duration.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"203 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a050
Lim Bei Min, Junaidi Zakaria, Siti Hatijah Mortan, Shahril Mohamad, Mohd Hairul Ab Rahim
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a potential eco-friendly biopolymer. BC has higher crystallinity and purity compared to plant cellulose. Scientific studies on the production of BC from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are minimal compared to other common bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum. LAB was screened and isolated from different tissues of Mimosa pudica (medicinal plant) using MRS broth and agar as the selective medium. LAB isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing of all the bacterial isolates. BC was produced from all LAB isolates by incubating at 30 °C for 14 days in herbal tea medium (Strobilanthes crispus) and HS medium (control) with 130 r.p.m agitation. BC produced by two selected bacterial isolates was characterized using FESEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of all the potential LAB isolates shows 99.86 - 100% identity to 16S rRNA sequences of other Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Two selected L. plantarum strains (LBM001 & LBM004) produce BC in sphere-like particles with a 1.4 to 2.2 µm diameter range of microfiber. FTIR analysis shows that BC produced by LBM001 and LBM004 have four similar cellulose regions identified in cellulose from other sources, which are O-H stretch (3400-330 cm-1), C-H stretch (2970-2800 cm-1), O-H bending (1620cm-1) and C-O-C stretch (1100-1073 cm-1). XRD analysis shows BC produced by the L. plantarum strains consists of two different XRD peaks at the 2θ angle of 21.53° and 21.85° instead of a single peak (22.76°) identified in the BC produced by A. xylinum and plant cellulose. A similar TG and DTG curved pattern was detected in the BC produced by the L. plantarum strains with the BC produced by A. xylinum and plant cellulose. The LAB isolates from M. pudica have potential in BC production based on the multiple characterization studies.
{"title":"Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Mimosa pudica (Semalu) for Production of Bacterial Cellulose","authors":"Lim Bei Min, Junaidi Zakaria, Siti Hatijah Mortan, Shahril Mohamad, Mohd Hairul Ab Rahim","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a050","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a potential eco-friendly biopolymer. BC has higher crystallinity and purity compared to plant cellulose. Scientific studies on the production of BC from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are minimal compared to other common bacteria such as Acetobacter xylinum. LAB was screened and isolated from different tissues of Mimosa pudica (medicinal plant) using MRS broth and agar as the selective medium. LAB isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing of all the bacterial isolates. BC was produced from all LAB isolates by incubating at 30 °C for 14 days in herbal tea medium (Strobilanthes crispus) and HS medium (control) with 130 r.p.m agitation. BC produced by two selected bacterial isolates was characterized using FESEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of all the potential LAB isolates shows 99.86 - 100% identity to 16S rRNA sequences of other Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Two selected L. plantarum strains (LBM001 & LBM004) produce BC in sphere-like particles with a 1.4 to 2.2 µm diameter range of microfiber. FTIR analysis shows that BC produced by LBM001 and LBM004 have four similar cellulose regions identified in cellulose from other sources, which are O-H stretch (3400-330 cm-1), C-H stretch (2970-2800 cm-1), O-H bending (1620cm-1) and C-O-C stretch (1100-1073 cm-1). XRD analysis shows BC produced by the L. plantarum strains consists of two different XRD peaks at the 2θ angle of 21.53° and 21.85° instead of a single peak (22.76°) identified in the BC produced by A. xylinum and plant cellulose. A similar TG and DTG curved pattern was detected in the BC produced by the L. plantarum strains with the BC produced by A. xylinum and plant cellulose. The LAB isolates from M. pudica have potential in BC production based on the multiple characterization studies.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"74 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m189
Ida Muryany Md Yasin, Nurul Dayana Zanudin
Consumers demonstrated an increase in awareness and interest in food that are closely associated with health benefits. As such, consumers are interested in consuming probiotic products and foods. Probiotics are bacteria that offer various benefits to human health when consumed in sufficient quantities. Numerous probiotic products have been listed, including fermented foods that contain probiotics that are beneficial to human health. Hence, consumers should be aware of these products. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and awareness of consumers about probiotics and their benefits to human health and to evaluate the perception of consumers towards probiotics in fermented foods based on the socio-demographic profiles. The questionnaire was developed using Google Forms and distributed through social media. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. 150 respondents were involved, but only 133 of the data were selected. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the frequency of data from the socio-demographic profiles. Meanwhile, statistical analyses using chi-square analysis was conducted to identify significant difference at p-value < 0.05 between consumers’ socio-demographic profile and their awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of probiotics and probiotics in fermented food. Overall, the survey indicated that consumers were well aware of, and had the knowledge and good perceptions towards probiotics and their presence in fermented foods.
{"title":"Perception of Malaysian Consumers Towards Probiotics in Fermented Foods and Their Benefits to Human Health","authors":"Ida Muryany Md Yasin, Nurul Dayana Zanudin","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.m189","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers demonstrated an increase in awareness and interest in food that are closely associated with health benefits. As such, consumers are interested in consuming probiotic products and foods. Probiotics are bacteria that offer various benefits to human health when consumed in sufficient quantities. Numerous probiotic products have been listed, including fermented foods that contain probiotics that are beneficial to human health. Hence, consumers should be aware of these products. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and awareness of consumers about probiotics and their benefits to human health and to evaluate the perception of consumers towards probiotics in fermented foods based on the socio-demographic profiles. The questionnaire was developed using Google Forms and distributed through social media. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. 150 respondents were involved, but only 133 of the data were selected. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the frequency of data from the socio-demographic profiles. Meanwhile, statistical analyses using chi-square analysis was conducted to identify significant difference at p-value < 0.05 between consumers’ socio-demographic profile and their awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of probiotics and probiotics in fermented food. Overall, the survey indicated that consumers were well aware of, and had the knowledge and good perceptions towards probiotics and their presence in fermented foods.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"7 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d044
Nur Syamiila Mohd Arafah, Chia Yong Jun, Sharizainor Sharina Mohamed Shariff, Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor, Nazikussabah Zaharudin
Rice weevils (Sitophilus oryzae) have caused significant damage and losses in rice storage. The use of chemical pesticides to control them has had negative environmental effects and limited efficacy. To address this issue, natural plant-based insect-control alternatives were investigated. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of (Pandanus amaryllifolius), kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix), and “asam gelugor” (Garcinia atroviridis) in repelling, inhibiting feeding, and reducing the offspring of rice weevils. Plant samples were extracted using the soxhlet extraction method, and the crude extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The extract solutions were then tested for their effects on rice weevils. The results showed that pandan leaves were the most effective, with a repellency percentage of 46.67% and a better anti-progeny effect of 2.175%. Kaffir lime leaves had no effect on rice weevils, while asam keping only showed an anti-progeny effect of 6.525%. The study revealed that low concentrations (0.002 - 0.006 g/mL) of insecticides from pandan extracts could provide a repellency effect against rice weevils. Therefore, plant extracts from Pandanus can be used as botanical insecticides to manage S. oryzae infestations.
{"title":"Effects of Selected Plants Against Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)","authors":"Nur Syamiila Mohd Arafah, Chia Yong Jun, Sharizainor Sharina Mohamed Shariff, Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor, Nazikussabah Zaharudin","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d044","url":null,"abstract":"Rice weevils (Sitophilus oryzae) have caused significant damage and losses in rice storage. The use of chemical pesticides to control them has had negative environmental effects and limited efficacy. To address this issue, natural plant-based insect-control alternatives were investigated. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of (Pandanus amaryllifolius), kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix), and “asam gelugor” (Garcinia atroviridis) in repelling, inhibiting feeding, and reducing the offspring of rice weevils. Plant samples were extracted using the soxhlet extraction method, and the crude extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The extract solutions were then tested for their effects on rice weevils. The results showed that pandan leaves were the most effective, with a repellency percentage of 46.67% and a better anti-progeny effect of 2.175%. Kaffir lime leaves had no effect on rice weevils, while asam keping only showed an anti-progeny effect of 6.525%. The study revealed that low concentrations (0.002 - 0.006 g/mL) of insecticides from pandan extracts could provide a repellency effect against rice weevils. Therefore, plant extracts from Pandanus can be used as botanical insecticides to manage S. oryzae infestations.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"33 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a048
Tan Yong Jie, Junaidi Zakaria, Shahril Mohamad, Chua Gek Kee, Nurshahfiqah Latif, Mohd Hairul Ab Rahim
Acetobacter spp. that are commonly found on fruits, can perform oxidation processes, resulting in acetic acid production in vinegar. Besides that, Acetobacter spp. able to produce bacterial cellulose (BC), which is an essential by-product. This present study was carried out to isolate Acetobacter spp. from selected local fruits. Species verification of the bacterial isolates was performed using molecular and bioinformatic approaches. A total of six local fruits (starfruit, jackfruit, watermelon, pineapple, honeydew & banana) were subjected to seven days of fermentation in a brown sugar solution. Acetobacter spp. were isolated from the fermented medium using bromocresol green ethanol agar as the selective medium. Thirteen bacterial isolates were obtained and subjected to molecular works, including DNA extraction and PCR amplification using universal primers, targeting the 16S rRNA genes. PCR-amplified products were selected for single-pass sequencing. BLASTn analysis of the sequencing results showed three isolates (23.1%) belonging to Acetobacter tropicalis and one isolate (7.7%) representing Gluconobacter oxydans might have potential in BC production. However, the remaining nine isolates (69.2%) hit the Lactobacillus genus. Morphological observation using FESEM showed that the BC produced by all the positive bacterial isolates is similar to dried nata de coco and BC produced by Acetobacter xylinum. In addition, four similar regions of -OH stretch (3400 - 3300 cm-1), -CH stretch (2970 to 2800 cm-1), -OH bending (1620 cm-1), and -COC stretch (1100 to 1073 cm-1) are identified in the BC samples. In the future, the isolated Acetobacter and Gluconobacter strains could be further utilized for large-scale BC production in a suitable fermentation medium.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Acetobacter tropicalis From Selected Malaysian Local Fruits for Potential BC Production","authors":"Tan Yong Jie, Junaidi Zakaria, Shahril Mohamad, Chua Gek Kee, Nurshahfiqah Latif, Mohd Hairul Ab Rahim","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.a048","url":null,"abstract":"Acetobacter spp. that are commonly found on fruits, can perform oxidation processes, resulting in acetic acid production in vinegar. Besides that, Acetobacter spp. able to produce bacterial cellulose (BC), which is an essential by-product. This present study was carried out to isolate Acetobacter spp. from selected local fruits. Species verification of the bacterial isolates was performed using molecular and bioinformatic approaches. A total of six local fruits (starfruit, jackfruit, watermelon, pineapple, honeydew & banana) were subjected to seven days of fermentation in a brown sugar solution. Acetobacter spp. were isolated from the fermented medium using bromocresol green ethanol agar as the selective medium. Thirteen bacterial isolates were obtained and subjected to molecular works, including DNA extraction and PCR amplification using universal primers, targeting the 16S rRNA genes. PCR-amplified products were selected for single-pass sequencing. BLASTn analysis of the sequencing results showed three isolates (23.1%) belonging to Acetobacter tropicalis and one isolate (7.7%) representing Gluconobacter oxydans might have potential in BC production. However, the remaining nine isolates (69.2%) hit the Lactobacillus genus. Morphological observation using FESEM showed that the BC produced by all the positive bacterial isolates is similar to dried nata de coco and BC produced by Acetobacter xylinum. In addition, four similar regions of -OH stretch (3400 - 3300 cm-1), -CH stretch (2970 to 2800 cm-1), -OH bending (1620 cm-1), and -COC stretch (1100 to 1073 cm-1) are identified in the BC samples. In the future, the isolated Acetobacter and Gluconobacter strains could be further utilized for large-scale BC production in a suitable fermentation medium.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"12 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of combinations of non-allelic mutant genes of the maize endosperm structure creates opportunities for improving the quality of corn grain in comparison not only with forms of the common type but also with monogenic endospermic mutants. In this study, the effect of a combination of mutant genes O2 (Opaque-2) and SU2 (Sugary-2) according to the biochemical composition of the grain was studied. For the research, a series of inbreds - carriers of a combination of mutant genes O2SU2, inbreds - carriers of monogenic mutations O2 and SU2, as well as maize inbreds of the common type of two-year reproduction were used. In the experiments, the content of protein, starch, and oil and the main characteristics of their quality were studied. It was found that the inbred carriers of the O2SU2 combination are superior to the inbred carriers of monogenic mutations O2 and SU2 in terms of complex biochemical characteristics. In comparison with mutants O2 they were distinguished by an increased content of protein (by 12.3% on average), amylose in starch (by 38.9% on average), starch digestibility (by 24.4% on average), oil content (by 18.4% on average) and oleate content in oil (by 29.9% on average). In comparison with the carriers of SU2 mutation, they had a higher content of lysine and tryptophan in the total grain protein (on average, by 19.4% & 14.3%, respectively). The main characteristics of grain quality in carriers of a combination of mutant genes O2SU2 were characterized by quantitative variability, which can modify the effect of non–allelic interaction of mutant genes O2 and SU2. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of using non-allelic interactions between the O2 and SU2 mutant genes to improve the quality of corn grain.
{"title":"Effects of Non-Allelic Interactions of O2 and SU2 Mutant Genes on Grain Biochemical Composition in Various Corn Inbreds","authors":"Dmytro Serhiiovych Tymchuk, Iurii Oleksandrovich Sadovnychenko, Natalia Fedorivna Tymchuk, Olga Serhiivna Pasiuga","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i4.d137","url":null,"abstract":"The use of combinations of non-allelic mutant genes of the maize endosperm structure creates opportunities for improving the quality of corn grain in comparison not only with forms of the common type but also with monogenic endospermic mutants. In this study, the effect of a combination of mutant genes O2 (Opaque-2) and SU2 (Sugary-2) according to the biochemical composition of the grain was studied. For the research, a series of inbreds - carriers of a combination of mutant genes O2SU2, inbreds - carriers of monogenic mutations O2 and SU2, as well as maize inbreds of the common type of two-year reproduction were used. In the experiments, the content of protein, starch, and oil and the main characteristics of their quality were studied. It was found that the inbred carriers of the O2SU2 combination are superior to the inbred carriers of monogenic mutations O2 and SU2 in terms of complex biochemical characteristics. In comparison with mutants O2 they were distinguished by an increased content of protein (by 12.3% on average), amylose in starch (by 38.9% on average), starch digestibility (by 24.4% on average), oil content (by 18.4% on average) and oleate content in oil (by 29.9% on average). In comparison with the carriers of SU2 mutation, they had a higher content of lysine and tryptophan in the total grain protein (on average, by 19.4% & 14.3%, respectively). The main characteristics of grain quality in carriers of a combination of mutant genes O2SU2 were characterized by quantitative variability, which can modify the effect of non–allelic interaction of mutant genes O2 and SU2. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of using non-allelic interactions between the O2 and SU2 mutant genes to improve the quality of corn grain.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2676
Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Nagachandra Rao Gopi Naidu, Bura Thlama Paul, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Wan Lutfi Wan Johari, Yusuf Abba, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila, Mohd Jefri Norsidin
Current knowledge of abnormal physiological responses in livestock due to consumption of substandard water is limited. This study was designed to explore the host cell responses in mice orally inoculated with different drinking water qualities from selected dairy cattle farms. A total of 28 female mice used in this study were divided into Group 1- negative control (treated with sterile deionized distilled water), Group 2 - treated with good quality water sample, Group 3 - treated with moderate quality water sample, and Group 4 - treated with unsatisfactory quality water sample. All the mice were given 0.25 mL of water samples three times daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from all mice before euthanasia at 30 days post-inoculation for reproductive hormones and biomarkers analyses. All treatment groups showed significant (p<0.05) weight loss compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in the serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG), immunoglobulin-M (IgM), interleukin-12 (IL-12), haptoglobin (Hp), and serum amyloid A (SAA) profiles of mice among the different water quality treatments as compared to the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the host cell responses exhibited by the mice in the treatment groups indicates a high risk of potential negative effect on the production and health of the livestock due to long-term consumption of drinking water with subpar quality.
目前对牲畜因饮用不合格水而引起的异常生理反应的了解有限。本研究旨在探讨小鼠口服不同乳牛场饮用水后对宿主细胞的反应。将28只雌性小鼠分为阴性对照组(无菌去离子蒸馏水处理)、优质水样处理组(优质水样处理)、中等水样处理组(优质水样处理)和劣质水样处理组(劣质水样处理)。所有小鼠每天三次给予0.25 mL水样，连续30天。在接种疫苗后30天，在安乐死前收集所有小鼠的血液样本进行生殖激素和生物标志物分析。与对照组相比，各治疗组均有显著(p < 0.05)的体重减轻。不同水质处理小鼠血清免疫球蛋白- g (IgG)、免疫球蛋白- m (IgM)、白细胞介素-12 (IL-12)、触珠蛋白(Hp)和血清淀粉样蛋白a (SAA)谱与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。综上所述，处理组小鼠表现出的宿主细胞反应表明，由于长期饮用劣质饮用水，对牲畜的生产和健康产生潜在负面影响的风险很高。
{"title":"Change in Immune Biomarkers of Laboratory Mice Responding to Experimental Inoculation of Different Drinking Water Quality from Selected Dairy Farms","authors":"Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Nagachandra Rao Gopi Naidu, Bura Thlama Paul, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Wan Lutfi Wan Johari, Yusuf Abba, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila, Mohd Jefri Norsidin","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2676","url":null,"abstract":"Current knowledge of abnormal physiological responses in livestock due to consumption of substandard water is limited. This study was designed to explore the host cell responses in mice orally inoculated with different drinking water qualities from selected dairy cattle farms. A total of 28 female mice used in this study were divided into Group 1- negative control (treated with sterile deionized distilled water), Group 2 - treated with good quality water sample, Group 3 - treated with moderate quality water sample, and Group 4 - treated with unsatisfactory quality water sample. All the mice were given 0.25 mL of water samples three times daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from all mice before euthanasia at 30 days post-inoculation for reproductive hormones and biomarkers analyses. All treatment groups showed significant (p<0.05) weight loss compared to the control group. There was a significant difference in the serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG), immunoglobulin-M (IgM), interleukin-12 (IL-12), haptoglobin (Hp), and serum amyloid A (SAA) profiles of mice among the different water quality treatments as compared to the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the host cell responses exhibited by the mice in the treatment groups indicates a high risk of potential negative effect on the production and health of the livestock due to long-term consumption of drinking water with subpar quality.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2670
Norsharina Md Saad, Chee How Teo, Zuraida Ab Rahman, Zamri Zainal
The golden apple snail, also known as Siput Gondang Emas in Malaysia, is a serious pest of paddy fields and native aquatic plants throughout Southeast Asia. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to transform a synthetic Oak 1 gene encoding kalata B1 (kB1), which is toxic to golden apple snails, into Malaysian indica rice MR219. The synthetic Oak 1 gene was placed under the control of a strong constitutive Zea mays ubiquitin promoter. Twelve transgenic lines containing the Oak 1 gene were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. Oak 1 gene expression was determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase- PCR (RT-qPCR). The resistance of the transgenic line to snail infestation was evaluated by feeding experiments. One dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the kB1 produced in transgenic rice is in the form of an acyclic peptide. Phenotypic analysis of the transgenic plants revealed that they have fewer leaves and grains than wild-type MR219. In a molluscicidal activity bioassay, feeding juvenile snails with different concentrations of leaf extracts resulted in molluscicidal activity against snails that was comparable to the synthetic molluscicide metaldehyde, thus farmers can overcome the golden apple snail infestation problem by using genetically modified rice containing the kB1-encoding gene. This technology also has the potential to reduce the toxic effects of chemically synthesized molluscicides on the environment and ecosystem.
{"title":"Constitutive Expression of Cyclotide kalata B1 Gene in Transgenic Rice Conferring Resistance to Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)","authors":"Norsharina Md Saad, Chee How Teo, Zuraida Ab Rahman, Zamri Zainal","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2670","url":null,"abstract":"The golden apple snail, also known as Siput Gondang Emas in Malaysia, is a serious pest of paddy fields and native aquatic plants throughout Southeast Asia. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to transform a synthetic Oak 1 gene encoding kalata B1 (kB1), which is toxic to golden apple snails, into Malaysian indica rice MR219. The synthetic Oak 1 gene was placed under the control of a strong constitutive Zea mays ubiquitin promoter. Twelve transgenic lines containing the Oak 1 gene were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. Oak 1 gene expression was determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase- PCR (RT-qPCR). The resistance of the transgenic line to snail infestation was evaluated by feeding experiments. One dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the kB1 produced in transgenic rice is in the form of an acyclic peptide. Phenotypic analysis of the transgenic plants revealed that they have fewer leaves and grains than wild-type MR219. In a molluscicidal activity bioassay, feeding juvenile snails with different concentrations of leaf extracts resulted in molluscicidal activity against snails that was comparable to the synthetic molluscicide metaldehyde, thus farmers can overcome the golden apple snail infestation problem by using genetically modified rice containing the kB1-encoding gene. This technology also has the potential to reduce the toxic effects of chemically synthesized molluscicides on the environment and ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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