Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2682
Aiya Chantarasiri, Parima Boontanom
Maprang, commonly known as a marian plum or plum mango (Bouea macrophylla Griffith), is an edible tropical fruit belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. It is grown extensively throughout ASEAN countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines (Dechsupa et al., 2019; Nguyen et al., 2020). There are three varieties of maprang grown in Thailand, including maprang prieyo (sour maprang), maprang wan (sweet maprang), and mayong chid (sweet maprang with bitter flavor) (Dechsupa et al., 2019). During the last few years, the scarred-scabbed symptoms on maprang fruits have been observed in Rayong Province, which is located on the coastline of eastern Thailand. Disease symptoms include numerous tiny dark spots and subsequent development of scarred-scabbed areas on the fruits. The scarred-scabbed areas can distort the mature fruits. Therefore, the scarred-scabbed symptoms are aesthetic-related problems that can reduce the value of the fruit in markets. The etiology of the disease symptoms in Rayong Province is unclear. The possibility of the etiology has been ascribed to the wounds created by feeding activities of chili thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) associated with an anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. fungus. However, the microbiological study has yet to be identified the cause of the disease. Thirty samples of diseased fruits were collected in January 2023 from different orchards in Rayong Province, Thailand (Figure 1). Every orchard was routinely sprayed with abamectin, cypermethrin, and profenopos insecticides to control the chili thrips. The scarred-scabbed areas of each fruit sample were cut into 1 × 1 cm fragments, after which the surfaces were sterilized with 0.5% (v/v) of sodium hypochlorite solution for three min, and subsequently rinsed three times in sterilized water, similar to the method used by Chantarasiri et al. (2021). The samples were plated on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar as a fungal selective medium and incubated at 30 °C for seven days in the dark. The emerging fungal mycelia of each colony were inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated for culture purification under the aforementioned conditions. All isolated fungi were primarily categorized according to their colony and conidia morphology. Genomic DNA of the representative fungal isolates was extracted from the mycelia using the GF Fungus DNA Extraction Kit (Vivantis, Malaysia), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were PCR amplified using ITS1/ITS4 universal primers (White et al., 1990). The PCR was carried out using the OnePCR reaction mixture (BioHelix, Taiwan). The conditions of PCR were conducted according to Planonth and Chantarasiri (2022). Article History Accepted: 7 August 2023 First version online: 30 September 2023
{"title":"A Report of Fungi Associated With the Scarred-Scabbed Symptoms on Maprang (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) in Eastern Thailand","authors":"Aiya Chantarasiri, Parima Boontanom","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2682","url":null,"abstract":"Maprang, commonly known as a marian plum or plum mango (Bouea macrophylla Griffith), is an edible tropical fruit belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. It is grown extensively throughout ASEAN countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines (Dechsupa et al., 2019; Nguyen et al., 2020). There are three varieties of maprang grown in Thailand, including maprang prieyo (sour maprang), maprang wan (sweet maprang), and mayong chid (sweet maprang with bitter flavor) (Dechsupa et al., 2019). During the last few years, the scarred-scabbed symptoms on maprang fruits have been observed in Rayong Province, which is located on the coastline of eastern Thailand. Disease symptoms include numerous tiny dark spots and subsequent development of scarred-scabbed areas on the fruits. The scarred-scabbed areas can distort the mature fruits. Therefore, the scarred-scabbed symptoms are aesthetic-related problems that can reduce the value of the fruit in markets. The etiology of the disease symptoms in Rayong Province is unclear. The possibility of the etiology has been ascribed to the wounds created by feeding activities of chili thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) associated with an anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. fungus. However, the microbiological study has yet to be identified the cause of the disease. Thirty samples of diseased fruits were collected in January 2023 from different orchards in Rayong Province, Thailand (Figure 1). Every orchard was routinely sprayed with abamectin, cypermethrin, and profenopos insecticides to control the chili thrips. The scarred-scabbed areas of each fruit sample were cut into 1 × 1 cm fragments, after which the surfaces were sterilized with 0.5% (v/v) of sodium hypochlorite solution for three min, and subsequently rinsed three times in sterilized water, similar to the method used by Chantarasiri et al. (2021). The samples were plated on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar as a fungal selective medium and incubated at 30 °C for seven days in the dark. The emerging fungal mycelia of each colony were inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated for culture purification under the aforementioned conditions. All isolated fungi were primarily categorized according to their colony and conidia morphology. Genomic DNA of the representative fungal isolates was extracted from the mycelia using the GF Fungus DNA Extraction Kit (Vivantis, Malaysia), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were PCR amplified using ITS1/ITS4 universal primers (White et al., 1990). The PCR was carried out using the OnePCR reaction mixture (BioHelix, Taiwan). The conditions of PCR were conducted according to Planonth and Chantarasiri (2022). Article History Accepted: 7 August 2023 First version online: 30 September 2023","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2644
Masratul Hawa Mohd, Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor, Nurul Farizah Azuddin, Latiffah Zakaria
Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium fujikuroi are the causative pathogens of stem rot in red-fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Both species are toxigenic fungi that produce several mycotoxins, including fumonisin B1 (FB1), moniliformin (MON), and beauvericin (BEA). These mycotoxins exert phytotoxic effects and are involved in pathogenesis in the host plants. In this study, we investigated the ability of F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi to produce FB1, MON, and BEA. Polymerase chain reaction amplification using FUM1-specific primers detected the gene in all 44 isolates tested, indicating that all isolates produced FB1. Isolates of F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi produced variable concentrations of FB1, ranging from 11.97–236.80 µg/g. MON and BEA were also produced at 0.48–174.84 µg/g and 0.28–70.02 µg/g, respectively by isolates of F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi. These results suggest that the three mycotoxins play roles in stem rot disease development and symptom manifestation, as all isolates tested were pathogenic and led to stem rot in H. polyrhizus.
{"title":"Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium fujikuroi Causing Stem Rot of Hylocereus polyrhizus in Malaysia","authors":"Masratul Hawa Mohd, Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor, Nurul Farizah Azuddin, Latiffah Zakaria","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2644","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium fujikuroi are the causative pathogens of stem rot in red-fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Both species are toxigenic fungi that produce several mycotoxins, including fumonisin B1 (FB1), moniliformin (MON), and beauvericin (BEA). These mycotoxins exert phytotoxic effects and are involved in pathogenesis in the host plants. In this study, we investigated the ability of F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi to produce FB1, MON, and BEA. Polymerase chain reaction amplification using FUM1-specific primers detected the gene in all 44 isolates tested, indicating that all isolates produced FB1. Isolates of F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi produced variable concentrations of FB1, ranging from 11.97–236.80 µg/g. MON and BEA were also produced at 0.48–174.84 µg/g and 0.28–70.02 µg/g, respectively by isolates of F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi. These results suggest that the three mycotoxins play roles in stem rot disease development and symptom manifestation, as all isolates tested were pathogenic and led to stem rot in H. polyrhizus.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of the present study was to investigate the possibility of anchovy by-products meal (ABPM) as a protein source in the diet of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Five formulated feeds were produced to contain different percentages of ABPM and soybean meal (SBM): Diet contained 100% SBM with addition of 1% methionine; Diet contained 25% SBM and 75% ABP25 (ABP25). Diet 3 contained 50% SBM and 50% ABP (ABP50); Diet 4 contained 25% SBM and 75% ABP (ABP75), and Diet 5 contained 100% ABP (ABP100). A commercial tilapia feed was used as a control diet (CF). Fish were fed close to apparent satiation, twice a day to triplicate groups of the tilapia fingerlings (1.07 ± 0.28 g) for 10 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) improved with the increase of ABP inclusion in the diets. Among the ABP-based diets, the highest growth performance and feed utilization were obtained by fish fed with ABP100 (SGR: 3.1%/day; FCR: 1.9) while the least was ABP0 (SGR: 1.5%/day; FCR: 2.6). Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerasomatic index (VSI) of ABP meal-based diets were slightly higher compared to ABP0 and CF (0.5 to 1.5 and 7 to 12.8 respectively). There was no significant difference in fish survival rate and condition factor among all treatment groups. Protein apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) showed an increasing pattern with increasing ABP meal in the diet and no significant difference in crude lipid ADC among all treatments. Whole-body moisture and crude lipid were not affected by the inclusion of ABPM in the diet, while crude protein and ash parallelly increased with the the increase in inclusion level of ABPM in the diet. Findings from this study indicated that ABPM is a good protein source and could replace SBM as the dietary protein ingredient for better growth performance and feed utilization.
{"title":"Evaluation of Anchovy by-Products as an Ingredient in the Diets Developed for Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Juveniles","authors":"Ruzaini Ahmad, Rossita Shapawi, Lim Leong Seng, Annita Yong Seok Kian, Audrey Daning Tuzan","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2711","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study was to investigate the possibility of anchovy by-products meal (ABPM) as a protein source in the diet of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Five formulated feeds were produced to contain different percentages of ABPM and soybean meal (SBM): Diet contained 100% SBM with addition of 1% methionine; Diet contained 25% SBM and 75% ABP25 (ABP25). Diet 3 contained 50% SBM and 50% ABP (ABP50); Diet 4 contained 25% SBM and 75% ABP (ABP75), and Diet 5 contained 100% ABP (ABP100). A commercial tilapia feed was used as a control diet (CF). Fish were fed close to apparent satiation, twice a day to triplicate groups of the tilapia fingerlings (1.07 ± 0.28 g) for 10 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) improved with the increase of ABP inclusion in the diets. Among the ABP-based diets, the highest growth performance and feed utilization were obtained by fish fed with ABP100 (SGR: 3.1%/day; FCR: 1.9) while the least was ABP0 (SGR: 1.5%/day; FCR: 2.6). Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerasomatic index (VSI) of ABP meal-based diets were slightly higher compared to ABP0 and CF (0.5 to 1.5 and 7 to 12.8 respectively). There was no significant difference in fish survival rate and condition factor among all treatment groups. Protein apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) showed an increasing pattern with increasing ABP meal in the diet and no significant difference in crude lipid ADC among all treatments. Whole-body moisture and crude lipid were not affected by the inclusion of ABPM in the diet, while crude protein and ash parallelly increased with the the increase in inclusion level of ABPM in the diet. Findings from this study indicated that ABPM is a good protein source and could replace SBM as the dietary protein ingredient for better growth performance and feed utilization.
 
 
","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2705
Sitti' Aisyah Mohd Roszelin, Nur Aminah Mohd Hazbir, Siti Sarah Jumali, Tasneem Shakri, Nurulhikma Md Isa
Environmental stress can hinder the growth and development of crops, thereby reducing productivity. Plants can adapt to changing environments through various morpho-physiological changes, transcriptome regulation, signaling, translational and post-translational modifications. Stress Associated Proteins (SAPs) have been shown to play a crucial role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stressors. They are encoded by a family of genes that produce a zinc finger protein with A20 and/or AN1 domains at either their N or C-terminal ends. Therefore, this study focused on understanding the role of the Oryza sativa SAP gene family (OsSAPs) in response to drought and salinity stress. In-silico analysis revealed that most of the OsSAP family members were upregulated by stress; two highly inducible OsSAP genes were also upregulated in response to stress under a rice-specific background. To study gene function, an Arabidopsis transformation system was employed using three genotypes: Col-0 (wild type), overexpressed transgenic OsSAP8, and atsap2 T-DNA knockout mutant. Arabidopsis AtSAP2 gene, which is homologous to rice OsSAP8, was used as a comparison to the loss of function mutation in Arabidopsis. Morphophysiological analysis showed that the atsap2 mutant displayed a sensitive phenotype to drought and salinity stress through low relative chlorophyll content and delayed inflorescence development and flowering as compared to Col-0 and transgenic OsSAP8. This suggests that the abolished atsap2 gene may contribute to reduced stress tolerancein plants. In contrast, transgenic OsSAP8 overexpression demonstrated tolerance to drought and salinity stress by maintaining relative chlorophyll content under both stress conditions, indirectly reflecting sustained photosynthetic machinery and stable photosynthetic rate. Further investigation, such as measuring the photosynthesis rate, is required to establish the correlation between chlorophyll data and photosynthesis activity.
{"title":"Characterization And Functional Study Of Stress-Associated Protein In Rice And Arabidopsis","authors":"Sitti' Aisyah Mohd Roszelin, Nur Aminah Mohd Hazbir, Siti Sarah Jumali, Tasneem Shakri, Nurulhikma Md Isa","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2705","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental stress can hinder the growth and development of crops, thereby reducing productivity. Plants can adapt to changing environments through various morpho-physiological changes, transcriptome regulation, signaling, translational and post-translational modifications. Stress Associated Proteins (SAPs) have been shown to play a crucial role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stressors. They are encoded by a family of genes that produce a zinc finger protein with A20 and/or AN1 domains at either their N or C-terminal ends. Therefore, this study focused on understanding the role of the Oryza sativa SAP gene family (OsSAPs) in response to drought and salinity stress. In-silico analysis revealed that most of the OsSAP family members were upregulated by stress; two highly inducible OsSAP genes were also upregulated in response to stress under a rice-specific background. To study gene function, an Arabidopsis transformation system was employed using three genotypes: Col-0 (wild type), overexpressed transgenic OsSAP8, and atsap2 T-DNA knockout mutant. Arabidopsis AtSAP2 gene, which is homologous to rice OsSAP8, was used as a comparison to the loss of function mutation in Arabidopsis. Morphophysiological analysis showed that the atsap2 mutant displayed a sensitive phenotype to drought and salinity stress through low relative chlorophyll content and delayed inflorescence development and flowering as compared to Col-0 and transgenic OsSAP8. This suggests that the abolished atsap2 gene may contribute to reduced stress tolerancein plants. In contrast, transgenic OsSAP8 overexpression demonstrated tolerance to drought and salinity stress by maintaining relative chlorophyll content under both stress conditions, indirectly reflecting sustained photosynthetic machinery and stable photosynthetic rate. Further investigation, such as measuring the photosynthesis rate, is required to establish the correlation between chlorophyll data and photosynthesis activity.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2685
Kierrthanah Madhavan, Yaya Rukayadi, Noor Azira Mutalib Mutalib
Terminalia catappa L., which is also known as Indian almond, tropical almond, and ketapang, belongs to the family of Combretaceae and it forms layers of canopy, which provides shade to locals. The parts of the plant such as bark, fruit, leaf, rhizomes, and roots have been traditionally used in folk medicines for several treatment purposes, demonstrating its numerous biological activities. The current study evaluated phytochemical constituents in its leaf responsible for its biology activities and toxicity analysis by brine shrimp lethality test for ethanolic leaf extract of T. catappa L. (EKLE) to set a safe limit for future applications in studies. Phytochemical compounds such as squalene, phytol, DL-α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, α-amyrin, and β-amyrin were identified in EKLE through GC-MS analysis, which is believed to contribute to its biology activities such as antibacterial. This is the first time to report β-sitosterol in the leaf of T. catappa L., though previous studies have reported in the bark of the tree and other parts of its genus. This is the first time to identify β-amyrin in this tree. The LC50 value in the brine shrimp assay was above 100 µg/mL, suggesting the extract is biologically safe and non-toxic for humans. However, the application of the extract shall not be more than 11.61 mg/mL.
{"title":"Phytochemical Constituents and Toxicity Analysis of Ethanolic Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Leaf Extract","authors":"Kierrthanah Madhavan, Yaya Rukayadi, Noor Azira Mutalib Mutalib","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2685","url":null,"abstract":"Terminalia catappa L., which is also known as Indian almond, tropical almond, and ketapang, belongs to the family of Combretaceae and it forms layers of canopy, which provides shade to locals. The parts of the plant such as bark, fruit, leaf, rhizomes, and roots have been traditionally used in folk medicines for several treatment purposes, demonstrating its numerous biological activities. The current study evaluated phytochemical constituents in its leaf responsible for its biology activities and toxicity analysis by brine shrimp lethality test for ethanolic leaf extract of T. catappa L. (EKLE) to set a safe limit for future applications in studies. Phytochemical compounds such as squalene, phytol, DL-α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, α-amyrin, and β-amyrin were identified in EKLE through GC-MS analysis, which is believed to contribute to its biology activities such as antibacterial. This is the first time to report β-sitosterol in the leaf of T. catappa L., though previous studies have reported in the bark of the tree and other parts of its genus. This is the first time to identify β-amyrin in this tree. The LC50 value in the brine shrimp assay was above 100 µg/mL, suggesting the extract is biologically safe and non-toxic for humans. However, the application of the extract shall not be more than 11.61 mg/mL.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2683
Anisa Saeed Al-Hakimi, Seham Saeed, N Omar, Abdul Latiff
The objective of this study is to determine the antioxidant properties of leaves extracts of 24 Acanthaceae species: Asystasia guttata, Ballochia amoena, Barleria aculeata, B. orbicularis, B. parviflora, B. prionitis, B. ventricosa, Blepharis cayaniense, B. maderaspatensis, Crossandra johanninae, Dicliptera effusa, D. paniculata, D. verticillata, Ecbolium gymnostachyum, Hypoestes pubescens, H. triflora, Justicia caerulea, J. heterocarpa, J. odora, Megalochalmyas violacea, Phaulopsis imbricata, Trichocalyx orbicular, Ruellia grandiflora and R. paulayana. The radical scavenging activities of 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and total phenolic compounds of species were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Blepharis cayaniense has the highest phenolic compounds (995.5 mg of gallic acid per g of sample) while Hypoestes pubescens, and Ruellia paulayana (10 mg/mL gallic acid equivalent) have the lowest concentration of phenolic acid but less radical scavenging activities (DPPH) and reducing ferric power. Only Trichocalyx orbiculatus has the highest concentration in phenolic content, radical-scavenging activities, and reducing power. Interestingly, the antioxidant activities of different Acanthaceae species exhibit unique medicinal properties.
{"title":"Antioxidant Properties of Leaves Extracts of Acanthaceae Species","authors":"Anisa Saeed Al-Hakimi, Seham Saeed, N Omar, Abdul Latiff","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2683","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to determine the antioxidant properties of leaves extracts of 24 Acanthaceae species: Asystasia guttata, Ballochia amoena, Barleria aculeata, B. orbicularis, B. parviflora, B. prionitis, B. ventricosa, Blepharis cayaniense, B. maderaspatensis, Crossandra johanninae, Dicliptera effusa, D. paniculata, D. verticillata, Ecbolium gymnostachyum, Hypoestes pubescens, H. triflora, Justicia caerulea, J. heterocarpa, J. odora, Megalochalmyas violacea, Phaulopsis imbricata, Trichocalyx orbicular, Ruellia grandiflora and R. paulayana. The radical scavenging activities of 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and total phenolic compounds of species were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. Blepharis cayaniense has the highest phenolic compounds (995.5 mg of gallic acid per g of sample) while Hypoestes pubescens, and Ruellia paulayana (10 mg/mL gallic acid equivalent) have the lowest concentration of phenolic acid but less radical scavenging activities (DPPH) and reducing ferric power. Only Trichocalyx orbiculatus has the highest concentration in phenolic content, radical-scavenging activities, and reducing power. Interestingly, the antioxidant activities of different Acanthaceae species exhibit unique medicinal properties.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microalgae play an important economic role as aquaculture feed. This study aimed to create an automated algae cultivation system with variable light intensity for the culture of Chlorella ellipsoidea strain TISTR 8260. The automated cabinet could work continuously for at least 30 days, with the growth rates of microalgae in culture systems with light intensities of 1000 Lux, 3000 Lux, and 5000 Lux peaking on day 14, whereas the fluorescent control showed peak microalgae growth on day 6. On day 30, the biomass harvested from microalgae grown in 1000 Lux, 3000 Lux, 5000 Lux, and fluorescent control was 0.1935 ± 0.151 mg/L, 0.1996 ± 0.220 mg/L, 0.2041 ± 0.159 mg/L, and 0.0674 ± 0.191 mg/L, respectively, which was not significantly different between the groups but significantly higher than the control (P-value = 0.05, DF = 3, F(3,36) = 7). The automated algae cabinet with a light intensity of 5000 Lux and a rotation speed of 150 r.p.m produced the maximum biomass, which was three times that produced by a fluorescent light source.
{"title":"Efficiency of Microalgae Cultivation Automated System: A Case Study of Green Algae Chlorella ellipsoidea TISTR 8260","authors":"Suradat Theerapisit, Somrank Rodjaroen, Siriluk Sintupachee","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2665","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae play an important economic role as aquaculture feed. This study aimed to create an automated algae cultivation system with variable light intensity for the culture of Chlorella ellipsoidea strain TISTR 8260. The automated cabinet could work continuously for at least 30 days, with the growth rates of microalgae in culture systems with light intensities of 1000 Lux, 3000 Lux, and 5000 Lux peaking on day 14, whereas the fluorescent control showed peak microalgae growth on day 6. On day 30, the biomass harvested from microalgae grown in 1000 Lux, 3000 Lux, 5000 Lux, and fluorescent control was 0.1935 ± 0.151 mg/L, 0.1996 ± 0.220 mg/L, 0.2041 ± 0.159 mg/L, and 0.0674 ± 0.191 mg/L, respectively, which was not significantly different between the groups but significantly higher than the control (P-value = 0.05, DF = 3, F(3,36) = 7). The automated algae cabinet with a light intensity of 5000 Lux and a rotation speed of 150 r.p.m produced the maximum biomass, which was three times that produced by a fluorescent light source.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2562
Anggeta Bella Siez Kanita, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko
Wine coffee is a fermented coffee product that involves yeast as the fermentative agent which has potency as probiotics. This study aimed to determine the potency of yeast isolated from wine coffee fermentation and to identify the yeast species with the best probiotic properties. This study comprised three main steps: coffee fermentation, yeast isolation, and probiotic characterization. A series of probiotic tests were carried out, including resistance tests at low pH (pH 2, 3, & 4) and bile salts (0.5% & 2%), antimicrobial activity tests, antibiotic resistance tests, hemolytic activity tests, and species identification based on the ITS rDNA sequence. The data obtained were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (p≤0.05) and continued with the Tukey test. A total of 25 yeast isolates were isolated and purified. Nine isolates (A2, B1, B3, C3, D4, D5, E2, E3 & E5) had the highest tolerance to pH 2 and 2% bile salts with survival rates were more than 100% and 90%, respectively. Nine isolates were resistant to all tested antibiotics, and only isolate A2 exhibited a pathogenic characteristic (β-hemolysis). Three isolates (B3, E3 & E5) could inhibit the five indicator pathogens, with the highest inhibitory activity shown by isolating E3 against Bacillus cereus by 68 AU/mL. The isolate E3 was selected as the best yeast with probiotic properties identified as Pichia kudriavzevii with 100% similarities towards strain iwate20191107.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2634
Iskandar Lapanjang, None Amirudin
The local shallot variety of ‘Lembah Palu’ (Allium cepa L. var. Aggregatum) is a typical fried shallot plant in Palu City, Indonesia, and is a cooking spice or flavoring for various foods. The main objective of this research was to increase the productivity of the Palu local shallot of ‘Lembah Palu’ grown on liquefaction soils. This research was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020, in Kaleke Village, West Dolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research used a Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) consisted of M0 (Control), M1 (10 g/polybag), M2 (15 g/polybag), and M3 (20 g/polybag). The second factor of bokashi fertilizer consisted of B0 (Control), B1 (312.5 g/polybag), and B2 (375 g/polybag). Each experimental unit consisted of 3 polybags and was grouped into 3 groups so that the total experimental unit was 108 plants or polybags. The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza 20 g/polybag and bokashi 375 g/polybag was able to produce the optimal number of tubers, the wet and dry weight of shallot tubers. Likewise, for the growth of Palu local shallot plants, the higher dose of mycorrhiza and bokashi resulted in better plant growth, i.e., plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers.
当地的葱品种“Lembah Palu”(Allium cepa L. var. Aggregatum)是印度尼西亚帕卢市典型的油炸葱植物，是各种食物的烹饪香料或调味品。本研究的主要目的是提高在液化土壤上生长的帕卢当地“Lembah Palu”大葱的生产力。本研究于2019年11月至2020年1月在印度尼西亚中苏拉威西岛西吉县西多洛街道的卡莱克村进行。本研究采用双因素随机区组设计。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的第一个因子为M0(对照)、M1 (10 g/塑料袋)、M2 (15 g/塑料袋)和M3 (20 g/塑料袋)。第二因子为B0(对照)、B1 (312.5 g/个塑料袋)和B2 (375 g/个塑料袋)。每个实验单元由3个塑料袋组成，分为3组，共108株或塑料袋。结果表明，菌根用量20 g/个塑料袋和博克施用量375 g/个塑料袋可获得最优块茎数量和干、湿重;同样，对于帕卢地方葱植株的生长，较高的菌根和bokashi剂量会使植株生长更好，即株高、叶片数和分蘖数。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2679
Wong Kok Kee, Wong Rui Rui, Yuka Hara
Antibiotic resistance reported in Pseudomonas sp. is associated with various opportunistic infections and is a concern in the public health system. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Lonicera japonica and Andrographis paniculata on Pseudomonas sp. The total phenolic compound (TPC) calculated in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) was 508.6±117.96 mg GAE/100 g dried weight (DW) in L. japonica while A. paniculata contained 129.0 ± 21.00 mg GAE/100 g DW. Both herbs significantly reduced the swarming zone diameters of Pseudomonas sp., even at a concentration as low as 5 mg/mL when compared to the controls. The anti-swarming effect of L. japonica and A. paniculata may be one of the mutual mechanisms underlying their anti-microbial properties. However, only the extract of L. japonica showed cell anti-adhesion activity, which can prevent biofilm formation. Andrographis paniculata extract on the other hand shows the highest activity in disrupting the cell membrane of Pseudomonas sp.
假单胞菌所报告的抗生素耐药性与各种机会性感染有关，是公共卫生系统关注的问题。本研究考察了金银花和穿心莲乙醇提取物对假单胞菌的抑制作用。以没食子酸当量(GAE)计算的金银花总酚化合物(TPC)为508.6±117.96 mg GAE/100 g干重(DW)，而金银花的总酚化合物(TPC)为129.0±21.00 mg GAE/100 g DW。与对照相比，即使在低至5 mg/mL的浓度下，这两种草药也显著减小了假单胞菌的群集区直径。金银花和金银花的抗蜂群效应可能是它们抗微生物特性的相互机制之一。然而，只有枇杷提取物具有抗细胞粘附活性，可以阻止生物膜的形成。穿心莲提取物对假单胞菌的细胞膜破坏活性最高。
{"title":"Anti-microbial Mechanism of Lonicera japonica and Andrographis paniculata Extract in Inhibiting Pseudomonas sp.","authors":"Wong Kok Kee, Wong Rui Rui, Yuka Hara","doi":"10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v52i3.2679","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance reported in Pseudomonas sp. is associated with various opportunistic infections and is a concern in the public health system. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Lonicera japonica and Andrographis paniculata on Pseudomonas sp. The total phenolic compound (TPC) calculated in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) was 508.6±117.96 mg GAE/100 g dried weight (DW) in L. japonica while A. paniculata contained 129.0 ± 21.00 mg GAE/100 g DW. Both herbs significantly reduced the swarming zone diameters of Pseudomonas sp., even at a concentration as low as 5 mg/mL when compared to the controls. The anti-swarming effect of L. japonica and A. paniculata may be one of the mutual mechanisms underlying their anti-microbial properties. However, only the extract of L. japonica showed cell anti-adhesion activity, which can prevent biofilm formation. Andrographis paniculata extract on the other hand shows the highest activity in disrupting the cell membrane of Pseudomonas sp.","PeriodicalId":18160,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian applied biology","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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