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Advance Selling Without Disclosing the Regular Price? The Role of Anticipated Regret 提前销售而不披露常规价格?预期后悔的作用
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4537
Guohao Li, Qihuan Chu

When a seller introduces an innovative product, some consumers may anticipate regret and factor it into their decision-making due to uncertain valuation. Motivated by current realities, we analyze the profitability of advance deposit selling strategies, both with and without disclosing the regular price. Using an analytical model incorporating consumers' anticipated regret, this study investigates (i) the optimal selling strategy and profits under consumer regret and (ii) whether a profit-maximizing seller should disclose the regular price in advance. The principal results are the following: (i) For the pre-disclosure strategy, sellers may miss opportunities for higher profits by ignoring consumers' inaction regret. Pre-sales-only strategies are optimal when action regret surpasses a certain threshold; the optimal deposit and the pre-sale price decrease (increase) in tandem with action (inaction) regret. (ii) When sellers do not disclose a regular price in advance, contrary to the pre-disclosure strategy, we find that they should pay more attention to action regret behavior, which can cause them to suffer more profit loss. An effective and interesting way to mitigate the adverse impact of action regret on financial gains is to provide a reservation guarantee: reduce both the deposit and the uncertainty of the regular price. Our paper calls for careful assessments of anticipated regrets. In particular, the seller should give weight to the (action) inaction regret behavior when implementing the (non-) pre-disclosure strategy, respectively.

当卖家推出一种创新产品时,由于价值的不确定性,一些消费者可能会预料到后悔,并将其纳入决策中。基于当前的现实情况,我们分析了在披露常规价格和不披露常规价格的情况下,预付款销售策略的盈利能力。本研究利用包含消费者预期后悔的分析模型,探讨了消费者后悔下的最优销售策略与利润,以及利润最大化的卖家是否应该提前披露常规价格。主要结果如下:(1)对于预先披露策略,卖家可能会因为忽视消费者的不作为后悔而错失获得更高利润的机会。当行动后悔超过一定阈值时,仅预售策略是最佳的;最优押金与预售价格的减少(增加)串联在一起,有作为(不作为)后悔。(ii)当卖方不提前披露固定价格时,与预先披露策略相反,我们发现他们更应该注意行动后悔行为,这会使他们遭受更多的利润损失。减轻行动后悔对财务收益的不利影响的一种有效而有趣的方法是提供预订担保:既减少定金,又减少常规价格的不确定性。我们的论文呼吁仔细评估预期的遗憾。特别是卖方在实施(非)事前披露策略时,应分别重视(行动)不作为后悔行为。
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引用次数: 0
Value Effect of Public Data Access—A Perspective Based on Manufacturing Firms' Markup 公共数据访问的价值效应——基于制造业企业加价的视角
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4542
Shuangyan Li, Dan Wang, Jun Wen

The government's sharing of data resources is an essential initiative to release the economic value of data factors. However, it is a question to empirically test whether the public can effectively utilize public data to create economic benefits. Based on this, we explore the value-creation effect of public data access at the micro level from the perspective of manufacturing firms' markup. Using a sample of Chinese A-share manufacturing firms from 2009 to 2023, we view launching a city-level public data platform as a quasi-natural experiment and employ the double difference model. We find that public data access significantly improves the markup of manufacturing firms, contributing to value creation at the firm level. The finding remains consistent after robustness tests such as the parallel trend, placebo, and PSM-DID tests. Mechanistic analysis suggests that public data access facilitates manufacturing firms' markup by encouraging firm innovation and alleviating financing constraints. Further, moderating effect tests suggest that excellent data processing capabilities, high-level internal governance, and a transparent urban information environment reinforce the value-creating effects of public data access.

政府数据资源共享是释放数据要素经济价值的重要举措。然而,公众能否有效地利用公共数据创造经济效益是一个实证检验问题。在此基础上,我们从制造企业加价的角度,从微观层面探讨公共数据访问的价值创造效应。本文以2009 - 2023年中国a股制造业企业为样本,将市级公共数据平台的推出视为准自然实验,并采用双差分模型。我们发现,公共数据访问显著提高了制造企业的加价,有助于企业层面的价值创造。在平行趋势、安慰剂和PSM-DID测试等稳健性测试后,这一发现保持一致。机制分析表明,公共数据访问通过鼓励企业创新和缓解融资约束来促进制造业企业的加价。此外,调节效应测试表明,优秀的数据处理能力、高水平的内部治理和透明的城市信息环境增强了公共数据访问的价值创造效应。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Tech-Enabled Financial Disruptions and Internet Plus Initiative on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance in China: Evidence From a PVAR Approach 科技驱动的金融中断和互联网+倡议对中国环境、社会和治理(ESG)绩效的影响:来自PVAR方法的证据
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4527
Edward Idemudia Agboare, Luo Guang, Atta Ullah, Huma Iftikhar

Technological advancements have become an integral part of traditional industries but have also raised the question of how these modern technologies would impact sustainable practices, ethical innovation, and transparency. This study examines the impact of tech-enabled financial disruptions on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance using a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) approach to analyze 122 A-listed Chinese financial institutions (5856 quarterly observations) from 2012 to 2023. We examined the dynamic interactions across tech-enabled financial disruptions, Internet Plus, and ESG metrics, providing insights into immediate and delayed effects. The findings reveal that tech-enabled financial disruptions boost ESG performance. However, Internet Plus implementation and its interaction with tech-enabled financial disruptions initially pose challenges but ultimately promote ESG performance as institutions adapt. These results underscore the importance of phased policy rollouts and strategic adaptation to maximize ESG advantages through tech-enabled financial disruptions. Recognizing the critical role of tech-enabled financial disruptions in enhancing ESG performance, this study suggests tailored frameworks that are capable of aligning tech-enabled financial disruptions with broader sustainable development goals for 2030. It also encourages financial institutions to integrate ESG strategies with digitalization from its onset.

技术进步已经成为传统工业不可分割的一部分,但也提出了这些现代技术将如何影响可持续实践、道德创新和透明度的问题。本研究采用面板向量自回归(PVAR)方法分析了2012年至2023年间122家中国a类上市金融机构(5856个季度观察)的技术金融干扰对环境、社会和治理(ESG)绩效的影响。我们研究了技术驱动的金融中断、互联网+和ESG指标之间的动态相互作用,提供了对即时和延迟影响的见解。研究结果显示,科技带来的金融动荡提高了ESG绩效。然而,“互联网+”的实施及其与科技带来的金融混乱的相互作用最初会带来挑战,但随着机构的适应,最终会促进ESG绩效的提高。这些结果强调了分阶段政策推出和战略调整的重要性,以便通过技术带来的金融干扰最大限度地发挥ESG优势。认识到技术金融干扰对提高ESG绩效的关键作用,本研究提出了能够将技术金融干扰与2030年更广泛的可持续发展目标结合起来的量身定制框架。它还鼓励金融机构从一开始就将ESG战略与数字化相结合。
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引用次数: 0
Who Will Pay for the “Mine Toxic Land”?—A Dynamic Game and Simulation Study of Negative Externality Governance in Rare Earth Mines Based on Prospect Theory 谁来为“地雷有毒土地”买单?——基于前景理论的稀土矿山负外部性治理动态博弈与仿真研究
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4543
Xiang Guo, Ligang Xu, Rongfu Liu, Zhengfang Zhong

The contradiction between economic development and the negative externalities generated by the extraction of ionic rare earth elements, such as resource depletion and environmental pollution, is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on prospect theory, this paper utilizes the perceived value of game players to construct a perceived benefit matrix that differs from the traditional benefit matrix and a tripartite game model. On the basis of the game analysis of the evolution of static reward and punishment mechanisms, three dynamic mechanisms, namely, dynamic reward, dynamic punishment, and dynamic reward and punishment, are successively introduced for analysis. The study demonstrated that under the static reward and punishment mechanism, the three-party evolutionary game is not asymptotically stable. After the introduction of the dynamic mechanism, the evolutionary game becomes asymptotically stable, and all players in the tripartite game show a positive willingness to govern. Furthermore, varying value sensitivity coefficients result in a relatively stable perceived value of governance behaviors in rare earth mine development enterprises. With different value sensitivity coefficients, the perceived value of governance behaviors by rare earth product development enterprises remains relatively stable, while the perceived value of governance behaviors by the government and rare earth product application enterprises is more variable.

离子型稀土元素开采带来的资源枯竭、环境污染等负外部性与经济发展之间的矛盾日益突出。本文以前景理论为基础,利用博弈参与者的感知价值,构建了一个不同于传统利益矩阵和三方博弈模型的感知利益矩阵。在静态奖惩机制演化博弈分析的基础上,先后引入动态奖惩机制、动态奖惩机制和动态奖惩机制三种动态机制进行分析。研究表明,在静态奖惩机制下,三方进化博弈不是渐近稳定的。引入动态机制后,进化博弈趋于渐近稳定,三方博弈各方均表现出积极的治理意愿。此外,不同的价值敏感系数导致稀土矿山开发企业治理行为感知价值相对稳定。在不同的价值敏感系数下,稀土产品开发企业对治理行为的感知价值保持相对稳定,而政府和稀土产品应用企业对治理行为的感知价值变化较大。
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引用次数: 0
Contracting Institutions and R&D Collaboration Between Nonrivals in Competitive Industry Equilibrium 竞争产业均衡中的契约制度与非竞争企业的研发合作
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4536
Travis Ng

In a duopoly model, one firm has the option to collaborate in R&D with a third party. Although collaboration can expedite innovation, the third party may unintentionally leak the innovation to the rival firm. Engaging in R&D collaboration can make the rival firm anticipate a free ride, which weakens its incentives for R&D spending. The firm can take legal action against the third party in case of information leakage. Strengthening contracting institutions improves the likelihood of success in such cases. In a competitive industry equilibrium, strengthening contracting institutions only sometimes increases R&D collaboration, industry R&D spending, and the innovation rate.

在双头垄断模式中,一家公司可以选择与第三方进行研发合作。虽然合作可以加速创新,但第三方可能无意中将创新泄露给竞争对手。参与研发合作可以使竞争对手期望搭便车,这削弱了其研发支出的激励。如果信息泄露,公司可以对第三方采取法律行动。加强签约机构可以提高在这种情况下取得成功的可能性。在竞争性产业均衡中,强化契约制度有时只会增加研发合作、产业研发支出和创新率。
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引用次数: 0
Narrative Disclosure Tone and Bank Risk: The Role of Economic Policy Uncertainty 叙事披露基调与银行风险:经济政策不确定性的作用
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4539
Acheampong Albert, Ngozi Ibeji, Freeman Owusu, Thuy Nguyen

This study examines the impact of narrative disclosure tone (NDT) on bank riskiness, particularly in the context of heightened economic policy uncertainty (EPU). Utilizing data from 114 banks across 2052 bank-year observations between 2005 and 2022, our findings reveal a significant positive relationship between NDT and various measures of bank risk, including credit, liquidity, operational, and market risks. The results demonstrate that a negative tone in narrative disclosures heightens perceived and actual risk, with this effect being further amplified during periods of high EPU. Our study highlights the strategic importance of narrative disclosures in managing stakeholder perceptions and highlights the need for banks to carefully consider their communication strategies in volatile economic environments. These findings offer practical insights for banking institutions, regulators, and investors in understanding the complex dynamics between narrative tone, economic uncertainty, and financial risk.

本研究探讨了叙事披露语气(NDT)对银行风险的影响,特别是在经济政策不确定性(EPU)加剧的背景下。利用2005年至2022年期间114家银行的2052个银行年度观察数据,我们的研究结果显示,NDT与银行风险的各种指标(包括信贷、流动性、操作和市场风险)之间存在显著的正相关关系。结果表明,叙事披露中的负面基调会增加感知和实际风险,这种影响在高EPU期间进一步放大。我们的研究强调了叙述性披露在管理利益相关者认知方面的战略重要性,并强调了银行在动荡的经济环境中仔细考虑其沟通策略的必要性。这些发现为银行机构、监管机构和投资者理解叙事基调、经济不确定性和金融风险之间复杂的动态关系提供了实用的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Green Bonds: Greenwashing or Genuinely Green? A Study Based on Stock Mispricing 绿色债券:洗白还是真正的绿色?基于股票错误定价的研究
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4534
Pengfei Ge, Chuxiong Tang, Yuhui Chen, Yichao Liu, Rui Zhu

The proposal of carbon neutrality has led to a significant growth in green bonds (GBs), sparking in turn widespread attention on whether these bonds are issued for genuinely green objectives or for greenwashing intentions. The extant research has not fully explored the greenwashing issue concerning GBs, particularly due to the controversies in the methods for identifying such practices. Following the outbreak of COVID-19, the global markets have seen a slowdown in the issuance of GBs, whereas China has experienced a surge in its GB market, emerging as the world's foremost issuer of GBs. In light of this economic reality and to address the research gap, this study draws on Chinese GBs as research objects and examines for the first time the issue of greenwashing in GBs through the lens of stock mispricing (SM). The results reveal that the issuance of GBs by companies significantly exacerbates SM, indicating the presence of greenwashing in Chinese GBs. Notably, the greenwashing issue is more pronounced when firms that issue GBs have political connections with the government and experience low financial risks. These findings not only enrich studies on greenwashing in GBs but also offer valuable insights for investors and regulators.

碳中和的提议导致了绿色债券(GBs)的显著增长,进而引发了人们对这些债券是出于真正的绿色目标还是出于“漂绿”意图而发行的广泛关注。现有的研究并没有充分探讨关于GBs的“漂绿”问题,特别是由于在识别这种做法的方法上存在争议。新冠肺炎疫情爆发后,全球市场国债发行放缓,而中国国债市场出现激增,成为全球最大的国债发行国。鉴于这一经济现实,为了弥补研究空白,本研究以中国的国有企业为研究对象,首次从股票错误定价(SM)的角度审视国有企业的“漂绿”问题。结果表明,企业发行国债显著加剧了SM,表明中国国债中存在“漂绿”现象。值得注意的是,当发行国债的公司与政府有政治关系,且财务风险较低时,“漂绿”问题更为明显。这些发现不仅丰富了关于政府债券“漂绿”的研究,也为投资者和监管机构提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Robots and Product Exports: Evidence From Chinese Markets 机器人和产品出口:来自中国市场的证据
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4538
Yuxin Lin, Yuhua Li

As a rapidly advancing and transformative field, robotics is expected to profoundly reshape the scale, direction, and composition of international trade. However, the extent to which robot adoption affects trade in developing countries remains poorly understood. Our study evaluates the impact of robot adoption on China's product exports, utilizing detailed country-product data from 2009 to 2019. Our findings reveal that increased robot use in production substantially boosts product exports, primarily because of an enhanced comparative advantage in these products. This effect is particularly pronounced in capital-intensive industries and is most evident among resource-based, low-tech, and medium-tech products. Moreover, our research underscores how industry competition amplifies the influence of robot adoption on export growth. Notably, although robot adoption enhances the intensive margin of exports, it reduces the extensive margin. This study significantly expands our understanding of how robot adoption shapes export dynamics in developing economies.

作为一个快速发展和变革的领域,机器人有望深刻地重塑国际贸易的规模、方向和构成。然而,机器人的采用对发展中国家贸易的影响程度仍然知之甚少。我们的研究利用2009年至2019年的详细国别产品数据,评估了机器人的采用对中国产品出口的影响。我们的研究结果表明,生产中机器人使用的增加大大促进了产品出口,主要是因为这些产品的比较优势增强了。这种影响在资本密集型产业中尤为明显,在资源型、低技术和中等技术产品中最为明显。此外,我们的研究强调了行业竞争如何放大机器人采用对出口增长的影响。值得注意的是,机器人的采用虽然提高了出口的集约边际,但降低了出口的粗放边际。这项研究极大地扩展了我们对机器人采用如何影响发展中经济体出口动态的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Are Operating Margin, Markup and Unit Margin Good for Profit? An Approach Based on Microeconomic Theory 营业利润率、加价和单位利润率对利润有利吗?一种基于微观经济理论的方法
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4535
Louis de Mesnard

Managers often say that they want to make their company more profitable by increasing the unit margin, operating margin, or margin rate, making these strategic objectives. There is some confusion in their language, as these three metrics seem to be equivalent to maximum profit. We use simple microeconomic theory to show that they are inconsistent with the objective of maximum profit: the output is lower, and the price is generally higher, when these alternative objectives are chosen instead of the maximum profit. Output is lowest when the unit margin is chosen; the highest output corresponds to maximum profit; the output derived from maximizing operating margin or markup is the same and lies between the two previous maximums. Prices are in the reverse order under imperfect competition for normal goods. Maximizing margin metrics results in lower profit than maximizing profit. This has implications for how companies communicate, both internally and externally, and for their governance.

经理们经常说,他们希望通过增加单位利润率、营业利润率或利润率来提高公司的利润,从而实现这些战略目标。他们的语言有些混乱,因为这三个指标似乎等同于最大利润。我们使用简单的微观经济学理论来证明它们与最大利润的目标不一致:当选择这些替代目标而不是最大利润时,产量会更低,价格通常会更高。选择单位余量时,产量最低;最高的产量对应最大的利润;从最大化经营利润率或加价中得到的输出是相同的,并且位于前两个最大值之间。正常商品在不完全竞争的情况下,价格是相反的。最大化利润指标导致利润低于最大化利润。这对公司内部和外部的沟通方式以及公司治理都有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Decision-Making in M&A Under Market Mispricing: The Role of Deep Learning Models 市场错误定价下的并购决策:深度学习模型的作用
IF 2.7 3区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1002/mde.4533
Yuxuan Tang

In the ever-evolving landscape of financial markets, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) play a pivotal role in shaping the corporate ecosystem. However, the presence of market mispricing, driven by various factors such as information asymmetry, behavioral biases, and external shocks, has been a persistent challenge for investors and corporations alike. Understanding the intricate relationship between stock market mispricing and the M&A landscape is crucial for making informed investment decisions and fostering a resilient financial environment. This research explores how stock market mispricing impacts M&A within a fragmented market setting, utilizing deep learning methods to uncover complex patterns and relationships. By analyzing market inefficiencies, the study aims to provide a deeper understanding of how mispricing influences M&A strategies and outcomes. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, the study gathered valid data through distributed questionnaires, yielding responses from 130 investors and traders, 115 market participants, and 99 regulators and policymakers. The analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Firstly, it establishes the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms in detecting and quantifying stock market mispricing, providing a reliable measure of its extent. The study then explores the differential performance outcomes of companies engaging in M&A during periods of prevalent mispricing compared to those during efficient pricing. The study's novel contribution lies in the introduction of the role of sentiment analysis in deep learning models to incorporate market participants' sentiments, enhancing the accuracy of mispricing detection and its impact on M&A activity. Finally, this research contributes valuable insights into the integration of deep learning techniques in understanding and leveraging stock market mispricing for strategic decision-making in the context of M&A.

在不断变化的金融市场格局中,并购(M&;A)在塑造企业生态系统方面发挥着关键作用。然而,由信息不对称、行为偏差和外部冲击等各种因素驱动的市场错误定价的存在,对投资者和企业都是一个持续的挑战。了解股票市场错误定价与并购之间的复杂关系对于做出明智的投资决策和培育一个有弹性的金融环境至关重要。本研究探讨了股票市场错误定价如何影响分散市场环境中的M&;A,利用深度学习方法揭示复杂的模式和关系。通过分析市场效率低下,本研究旨在更深入地了解错误定价如何影响并购战略和结果。本研究采用定量描述性研究设计,通过分发问卷收集有效数据,获得来自130名投资者和交易员、115名市场参与者和99名监管机构和政策制定者的反馈。分析是使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行的。首先,它建立了深度学习算法在检测和量化股票市场错误定价方面的有效性,为其程度提供了可靠的衡量标准。然后,研究探讨了在普遍错误定价期间与在有效定价期间进行M&;A的公司的不同绩效结果。该研究的新颖贡献在于在深度学习模型中引入了情绪分析的作用,以纳入市场参与者的情绪,提高了错误定价检测的准确性及其对M&;A活动的影响。最后,本研究为整合深度学习技术以理解和利用股票市场错误定价进行战略决策提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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Managerial and Decision Economics
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