Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106705
Anthropogenic climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves that may broadly impact the health of marine invertebrates. Rising ocean temperatures lead to increases in disease prevalence in marine organisms; it is therefore critical to understand how marine heatwaves impact immune system development. The purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) is an ecologically important, broadcast-spawning, omnivore that primarily inhabits kelp forests in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The S. purpuratus life cycle includes a relatively long-lived (∼2 months) planktotrophic larval stage. Larvae have a well-characterized cellular immune system that is mediated, in part, by a subset of mesenchymal cells known as pigment cells. To assess the role of environmental temperature on the development of larval immune cells, embryos were generated from adult sea urchins conditioned at 14 °C. Embryos were then cultured in either ambient (14 °C) or elevated (18 °C) seawater. Results indicate that larvae raised in an elevated temperature were slightly larger and had more pigment cells than those raised at ambient temperature. Further, the larval phenotypes varied significantly among genetic crosses, which highlights the importance of genotype in structuring how the immune system develops in the context of the environment. Overall, these results indicate that larvae are phenotypically plastic in modulating their immune cells and body length in response to adverse developmental conditions.
人为气候变化增加了海洋热浪的频率和强度,这可能会广泛影响海洋无脊椎动物的健康。海洋温度升高导致海洋生物的疾病流行率增加;因此,了解海洋热浪如何影响免疫系统的发育至关重要。紫海胆(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)是一种重要的生态杂食动物,主要栖息在太平洋东北部的海藻林中。S. purpuratus 的生命周期包括一个相对较长(2 个月)的浮游幼虫阶段。幼虫具有特征明显的细胞免疫系统,该系统部分由称为色素细胞的间质细胞亚群介导。为了评估环境温度对幼体免疫细胞发育的作用,我们在 14 °C 条件下从成体海胆中培育胚胎。然后将胚胎在环境温度(14 °C)或升高温度(18 °C)的海水中培养。结果表明,在高温下培养的幼体比在环境温度下培养的幼体稍大,色素细胞也更多。此外,不同基因杂交的幼体表型差异显著,这突出表明了基因型在环境中构建免疫系统发育过程中的重要性。总之,这些结果表明,幼虫具有表型可塑性,能调节其免疫细胞和体长,以应对不利的发育条件。
{"title":"Temperature influences immune cell development and body length in purple sea urchin larvae","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anthropogenic climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves that may broadly impact the health of marine invertebrates. Rising ocean temperatures lead to increases in disease prevalence in marine organisms; it is therefore critical to understand how marine heatwaves impact immune system development. The purple sea urchin (<em>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)</em> is an ecologically important, broadcast-spawning, omnivore that primarily inhabits kelp forests in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The <em>S. purpuratus</em> life cycle includes a relatively long-lived (∼2 months) planktotrophic larval stage. Larvae have a well-characterized cellular immune system that is mediated, in part, by a subset of mesenchymal cells known as pigment cells. To assess the role of environmental temperature on the development of larval immune cells, embryos were generated from adult sea urchins conditioned at 14 °C. Embryos were then cultured in either ambient (14 °C) or elevated (18 °C) seawater. Results indicate that larvae raised in an elevated temperature were slightly larger and had more pigment cells than those raised at ambient temperature. Further, the larval phenotypes varied significantly among genetic crosses, which highlights the importance of genotype in structuring how the immune system develops in the context of the environment. Overall, these results indicate that larvae are phenotypically plastic in modulating their immune cells and body length in response to adverse developmental conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106703
Archaea play a crucial role in the global biogeochemical cycling of elements and nutrients, helping to maintain the functional stability of estuarine systems. This study characterised the abundance and diversity of archaeal communities and identified the environmental conditions shaping these microbial communities within six temperate estuaries along approximately 500 km of the New South Wales coastline, Australia. Estuarine sediments were found to exhibit significantly higher species richness than planktonic communities, with representative sequences from the Crenarchaeota phylum characterising each environment. Ordinate analyses revealed catchment characteristics as the strongest drivers of community variability. Our results also provide evidence supporting distance-decay patterns of archaeal biogeography across intermediate scales within and between temperate estuaries, contributing to a growing body of evidence revealing the extent spatial scales play in shaping microbial communities. This study expands our understanding of microbial diversity in temperate estuaries, with a specific focus on archaeal community structure and their role in maintaining ecosystem stability.
{"title":"Spatial and environmental drivers of temperate estuarine archaeal communities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Archaea play a crucial role in the global biogeochemical cycling of elements and nutrients, helping to maintain the functional stability of estuarine systems. This study characterised the abundance and diversity of archaeal communities and identified the environmental conditions shaping these microbial communities within six temperate estuaries along approximately 500 km of the New South Wales coastline, Australia. Estuarine sediments were found to exhibit significantly higher species richness than planktonic communities, with representative sequences from the <em>Crenarchaeota</em> phylum characterising each environment. Ordinate analyses revealed catchment characteristics as the strongest drivers of community variability. Our results also provide evidence supporting distance-decay patterns of archaeal biogeography across intermediate scales within and between temperate estuaries, contributing to a growing body of evidence revealing the extent spatial scales play in shaping microbial communities. This study expands our understanding of microbial diversity in temperate estuaries, with a specific focus on archaeal community structure and their role in maintaining ecosystem stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113624003647/pdfft?md5=9645e9f88990e2c38be83a423ae77151&pid=1-s2.0-S0141113624003647-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106704
Remote sensing (RS) is a widely used technology for monitoring mangrove forests, but there are some inconsistencies in their capacity to assess mangrove ecosystem health status. Our review aims to investigate how RS and in situ data are being applied together in assessments of mangrove forest health conditions. Our results showed that commonly the concept of mangrove ecosystem health was not defined and indicators that were not clearly related to it were applied. Furthermore, low to medium spatial resolution satellites were more used to detect changes in the mangrove forests' environmental condition than the high spatial resolution ones, and the use of RS with data collected in situ was present in only 39% of the articles. We concluded that studies consider vegetation indexes the same as vigor, so the mangrove ecosystem health; and vigor as the only indicator needed, not using in situ data to validate the mangrove health status.
{"title":"Mangrove forest health condition from space and the use of in situ data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Remote sensing (RS) is a widely used technology for monitoring mangrove forests, but there are some inconsistencies in their capacity to assess mangrove ecosystem health status. Our review aims to investigate how RS and <em>in situ</em> data are being applied together in assessments of mangrove forest health conditions. Our results showed that commonly the concept of mangrove ecosystem health was not defined and indicators that were not clearly related to it were applied. Furthermore, low to medium spatial resolution satellites were more used to detect changes in the mangrove forests' environmental condition than the high spatial resolution ones, and the use of RS with data collected <em>in situ</em> was present in only 39% of the articles. We concluded that studies consider vegetation indexes the same as vigor, so the mangrove ecosystem health; and vigor as the only indicator needed, not using <em>in situ</em> data to validate the mangrove health status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106697
Kuroshio Extension (KE) is the most active region of oceanic change in the North Pacific Ocean, which provides an essential place for the survival of marine microorganisms. However, Vertical changes in microbial communities in the Kuroshio Extension and the mechanisms by which environmental factors drive vertical changes in community structure remain unclear. In this work, microbial diversity, abundance, and community structure of 12 water layers (from surface to bottom) at five stations were uncovered by 16S rRNA gene high–throughput sequencing. Microbial diversity and richness decreased with increasing seawater depth. Microorganisms in the euphotic zone can be well separated from other zones based on NMDS analysis. Proteobacteria (65.20%), Bacteroidota (8.48%), Actinobacteriota (5.76%), and Crenarchaeota (4.49%) accounted for a relatively large proportion and their distribution is similar in four zones. Most of microorganisms were significantly (Spearman test, p < 0.05) correlated with salinity, density, pressure, and temperature. This work enhances our understanding of vertical microbial diversity and provides insights into the pelagic microbial community structure.
{"title":"Diversity and structure of pelagic microbial community in Kuroshio Extension","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kuroshio Extension (KE) is the most active region of oceanic change in the North Pacific Ocean, which provides an essential place for the survival of marine microorganisms. However, Vertical changes in microbial communities in the Kuroshio Extension and the mechanisms by which environmental factors drive vertical changes in community structure remain unclear. In this work, microbial diversity, abundance, and community structure of 12 water layers (from surface to bottom) at five stations were uncovered by 16S rRNA gene high–throughput sequencing. Microbial diversity and richness decreased with increasing seawater depth. Microorganisms in the euphotic zone can be well separated from other zones based on NMDS analysis. <em>Proteobacteria</em> (65.20%), <em>Bacteroidota</em> (8.48%), <em>Actinobacteriota</em> (5.76%), and <em>Crenarchaeota</em> (4.49%) accounted for a relatively large proportion and their distribution is similar in four zones. Most of microorganisms were significantly (Spearman test, <em>p</em> < 0.05) correlated with salinity, density, pressure, and temperature. This work enhances our understanding of vertical microbial diversity and provides insights into the pelagic microbial community structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106695
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK), the key element of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, is crucial for the immune response to adverse environments in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the role of the MKK gene family in mollusks. In our study, genome data and transcriptome were used to identify four MKK genes (CnMKK4, CnMKK5, CnMKK6, and CnMKK7) in the noble scallop. The result of the gene structure, motif analysis, and phylogenetic tree revealed that MKK genes are relatively conserved in bivalves. Moreover, four CnMKK genes were significantly highly expressed in immune-related tissues, suggesting that CnMKKs may related to bivalve immunity. Furthermore, CnMKK6 and CgMKK4 were significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05) under 24 h of temperature stress, and all CnMKKs were significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05) under 24 h of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. These results showed that the CnMKKs may have a significant impact under biotic and abiotic stresses. In conclusion, the result of the CnMKKs provides valuable insights into comprehending the function of MKK genes in mollusks.
{"title":"Characterization of MKK family genes and their responses to temperature stress and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK), the key element of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, is crucial for the immune response to adverse environments in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, there is limited information regarding the role of the <em>MKK</em> gene family in mollusks. In our study, genome data and transcriptome were used to identify four <em>MKK</em> genes (<em>CnMKK4</em>, <em>CnMKK5</em>, <em>CnMKK6</em>, and <em>CnMKK7</em>) in the noble scallop. The result of the gene structure, motif analysis, and phylogenetic tree revealed that <em>MKK</em> genes are relatively conserved in bivalves. Moreover, four <em>CnMKK</em> genes were significantly highly expressed in immune-related tissues, suggesting that <em>CnMKKs</em> may related to bivalve immunity. Furthermore, <em>CnMKK6</em> and <em>CgMKK4</em> were significantly differentially expressed (<em>P</em> < 0.05) under 24 h of temperature stress, and all <em>CnMKKs</em> were significantly differentially expressed (<em>P</em> < 0.05) under 24 h of <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> infection. These results showed that the <em>CnMKKs</em> may have a significant impact under biotic and abiotic stresses. In conclusion, the result of the <em>CnMKKs</em> provides valuable insights into comprehending the function of MKK genes in mollusks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106702
Bioturbation in coastal sediments plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling. However, a key knowledge gap is the extent to which bioturbation influences bacterial community diversity and ecosystem processes, such as nitrogen cycling. This study paired bacterial diversity, bioturbation activity and in situ flux measurements of oxygen and nitrogen from bioturbated sediments at six estuaries along the East coast of Australia. Bacterial community diversity, composition and predicted functional profiles were similar across burrow and surface sediments but were significantly influenced by bioturbator activity (measured as number of burrows) at sites with higher fine grain content. Sediment oxygen demand increased with bioturbator activity but changes in nitrogen cycling (as measured by fluxes and predicted bacterial functional gene analysis) were more spatially variable and were unrelated to bioturbator activity and bacterial community shifts. This study highlights how bioturbator activity influences bacterial community structure and functioning and what implications this has for biogeochemical cycles in estuarine sediments.
{"title":"The influence of bioturbator activity on sediment bacterial structure and function is moderated by environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioturbation in coastal sediments plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling. However, a key knowledge gap is the extent to which bioturbation influences bacterial community diversity and ecosystem processes, such as nitrogen cycling. This study paired bacterial diversity, bioturbation activity and <em>in situ</em> flux measurements of oxygen and nitrogen from bioturbated sediments at six estuaries along the East coast of Australia. Bacterial community diversity, composition and predicted functional profiles were similar across burrow and surface sediments but were significantly influenced by bioturbator activity (measured as number of burrows) at sites with higher fine grain content. Sediment oxygen demand increased with bioturbator activity but changes in nitrogen cycling (as measured by fluxes and predicted bacterial functional gene analysis) were more spatially variable and were unrelated to bioturbator activity and bacterial community shifts. This study highlights how bioturbator activity influences bacterial community structure and functioning and what implications this has for biogeochemical cycles in estuarine sediments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113624003635/pdfft?md5=629032482ada2e8b573a70830c6a7687&pid=1-s2.0-S0141113624003635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106701
Global marine biodiversity loss impairs entire ecosystems and their stability. Robust biodiversity estimates are key to inform policies and management strategies, and need to consider the contribution of diverse habitats, including those for which estimates of biodiversity are scattered or totally absent. This study assessed the fish diversity associated with three main coastal habitats (rocky bottoms, Posidonia oceanica meadows, sandy bottoms), and their role in shaping the overall coastal fish diversity, also in relation to potential environmental and anthropogenic drivers affecting patterns of fish diversity in coastal areas. Using underwater visual census, we sampled 62 sites distributed on the three habitats, for a total of 496 replicates. We assessed the contribution of each habitat to β-diversity, divided into Local Contribution to β-diversity (LCBD), a comparative indicator of the contributions to β-diversity of each habitat, and Species Contribution to β-diversity (SCBD), which measures the relative importance of each species in affecting β-diversity. Finally, we modelled species diversity in relation to potential environmental and anthropogenic drivers. Overall, 72 species were recorded, with the highest species richness observed on rocky bottoms (56 species, 16 unique to this habitat), followed by P. oceanica (38 species, 0 unique) and sandy bottoms (32 species, 14 unique). Sandy bottom assemblages had a significantly higher contribution to LCBD than P. oceanica meadows and rocky bottoms, and two of the five species with the highest contribution to SCBD are exclusively associated with sandy bottoms. Finally, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and habitat were highlighted as significant predictors of species richness. Our findings, aside from highlighting the environmental drivers of coastal fish diversity in the Mediterranean Sea, unravel the potential key role of sandy bottoms in contributing to overall coastal fish diversity and can inform conservation planning.
{"title":"Sandy bottoms have limited species richness but substantially contribute to the regional coastal fish β-diversity: A case study of the Central Mediterranean Sea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global marine biodiversity loss impairs entire ecosystems and their stability. Robust biodiversity estimates are key to inform policies and management strategies, and need to consider the contribution of diverse habitats, including those for which estimates of biodiversity are scattered or totally absent. This study assessed the fish diversity associated with three main coastal habitats (rocky bottoms, <em>Posidonia oceanica</em> meadows, sandy bottoms), and their role in shaping the overall coastal fish diversity, also in relation to potential environmental and anthropogenic drivers affecting patterns of fish diversity in coastal areas. Using underwater visual census, we sampled 62 sites distributed on the three habitats, for a total of 496 replicates. We assessed the contribution of each habitat to β-diversity, divided into Local Contribution to β-diversity (LCBD), a comparative indicator of the contributions to β-diversity of each habitat, and Species Contribution to β-diversity (SCBD), which measures the relative importance of each species in affecting β-diversity. Finally, we modelled species diversity in relation to potential environmental and anthropogenic drivers. Overall, 72 species were recorded, with the highest species richness observed on rocky bottoms (56 species, 16 unique to this habitat), followed by <em>P. oceanica</em> (38 species, 0 unique) and sandy bottoms (32 species, 14 unique). Sandy bottom assemblages had a significantly higher contribution to LCBD than <em>P. oceanica</em> meadows and rocky bottoms, and two of the five species with the highest contribution to SCBD are exclusively associated with sandy bottoms. Finally, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and habitat were highlighted as significant predictors of species richness. Our findings, aside from highlighting the environmental drivers of coastal fish diversity in the Mediterranean Sea, unravel the potential key role of sandy bottoms in contributing to overall coastal fish diversity and can inform conservation planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113624003623/pdfft?md5=009e3f9b845cef9d8be3b696724d8c11&pid=1-s2.0-S0141113624003623-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106700
Knowledge of predator-prey interactions is key in ecological studies and understanding ecosystem function, yet this is still poorly explored in the deep-sea environment. Carbon (δ13C: 13C/12C) and nitrogen (δ15N: 15N/14N) stable isotope ratios of a deep-diving species, the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), were used to explore knowledge gaps on its ecological niche and foraging habitats in the Webbnesia marine ecoregion (Tenerife Island, n = 27 animals vs. Madeira, n = 31; 500 km apart) where animals display distinct levels of site fidelity. Specifically, we tested whether intraspecific isotopic variation results from differences between geographic areas (due to possible foraging plasticity between regions), sexes, and/or years (2015–2020) using Generalized Linear Models. In general, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the stable isotope profiles of pilot whales between the two archipelagos, which were also reflected in their isotopic niche. The higher mean and wider range of δ15N values in Tenerife suggest that pilot whales consume prey of higher trophic levels and more diverse than Madeira. The higher mean and wider range of δ13C values in Madeira suggest that in that island, pilot whales rely on prey from more diverse habitats. There was significant variation between some years, but not between sexes. Finally, we discuss pilot whales' foraging strategies worldwide and infer the reliance on benthic or benthopelagic food sources in the Webbnesia.
{"title":"Isotope-based inferences of the trophic niche of short-finned pilot whales in the Webbnesia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge of predator-prey interactions is key in ecological studies and understanding ecosystem function, yet this is still poorly explored in the deep-sea environment. Carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C: <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N: <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N) stable isotope ratios of a deep-diving species, the short-finned pilot whale (<em>Globicephala macrorhynchus</em>), were used to explore knowledge gaps on its ecological niche and foraging habitats in the Webbnesia marine ecoregion (Tenerife Island, n = 27 animals vs. Madeira, n = 31; 500 km apart) where animals display distinct levels of site fidelity. Specifically, we tested whether intraspecific isotopic variation results from differences between geographic areas (due to possible foraging plasticity between regions), sexes, and/or years (2015–2020) using Generalized Linear Models. In general, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the stable isotope profiles of pilot whales between the two archipelagos, which were also reflected in their isotopic niche. The higher mean and wider range of δ<sup>15</sup>N values in Tenerife suggest that pilot whales consume prey of higher trophic levels and more diverse than Madeira. The higher mean and wider range of δ<sup>13</sup>C values in Madeira suggest that in that island, pilot whales rely on prey from more diverse habitats. There was significant variation between some years, but not between sexes. Finally, we discuss pilot whales' foraging strategies worldwide and infer the reliance on benthic or benthopelagic food sources in the Webbnesia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141113624003611/pdfft?md5=a9e64a079a4b4c8731f97add5a18e6d2&pid=1-s2.0-S0141113624003611-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106699
To investigate air-sea CO2 flux at the Qingdao nearshore site and its temporal variations, a high-resolution continuous observation of surface carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) was carried out at Zhongyuan Pier near Tuandao from May 25 to July 8, 2019. It was observed that during this period, surface pCO2 varied between ∼490 and ∼690 μatm, mainly associated with sea surface temperature. Surface pCO2 also displayed substantial diurnal variations, with an average amplitude of 64 ± 21 μatm, largely dominated by biological activities. During the observational period, this site acted as a source of atmospheric CO2, releasing 361 mmol CO2 m−2. The notable diurnal variations in air-sea CO2 flux, such as the observed average amplitude of 10.9 mmol m−2 d−1 in this study, pose a challenge for accurately estimating the air-sea CO2 flux in coastal regions without high-resolution observations.
为研究青岛近岸海域的海气二氧化碳通量及其时空变化,2019年5月25日至7月8日,在团岛附近的中原码头开展了海面二氧化碳分压(pCO2)高分辨率连续观测。观测结果表明,在此期间,海面 pCO2 在 490 ~ 690 μatm 之间变化,主要与海面温度有关。地表 pCO2 也有很大的昼夜变化,平均振幅为 64 ± 21 μatm,主要受生物活动的影响。在观测期间,该站点是大气二氧化碳的来源,释放了 361 mmol CO2 m-2。海气 CO2 通量的昼夜变化显著,如本研究观测到的平均振幅为 10.9 mmol m-2 d-1,这对没有高分辨率观测资料的沿岸地区准确估算海气 CO2 通量提出了挑战。
{"title":"Sea surface carbon dioxide during early summer at the Tuandao nearshore time series site","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux at the Qingdao nearshore site and its temporal variations, a high-resolution continuous observation of surface carbon dioxide partial pressure (<em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub>) was carried out at Zhongyuan Pier near Tuandao from May 25 to July 8, 2019. It was observed that during this period, surface <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> varied between ∼490 and ∼690 μatm, mainly associated with sea surface temperature. Surface <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> also displayed substantial diurnal variations, with an average amplitude of 64 ± 21 μatm, largely dominated by biological activities. During the observational period, this site acted as a source of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, releasing 361 mmol CO<sub>2</sub> m<sup>−2</sup>. The notable diurnal variations in air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux, such as the observed average amplitude of 10.9 mmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in this study, pose a challenge for accurately estimating the air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux in coastal regions without high-resolution observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106678
Coastal wetlands are extremely vulnerable to both marine damage and human activities. In order to protect these wetlands, many artificial seawalls have been constructed. However, studies are required to understand how coastal wetlands will evolve under the influence of artificial seawalls. Therefore, to understand this succession process of plants and their adaptation to habitats divided by seawalls, two different habitats inside and outside the seawalls were selected in Laizhou Bay, China. The results showed that there were 5 plant species outside the seawalls that were lower than the 13 species inside. Additionally, the dominant plant species were varied between the two habitats, with mostly annual herbs observed outside the seawalls and perennial shrubs inside. Soil salinity was higher outside the seawalls, which was the key impact factor of soil nutrient differences. The distribution of annual and perennial species may be constrained by spatial differences in soil stoichiometry. Therefore, the plants in coastal wetlands vary significantly at a small scale in response to the disturbance of artificial seawalls. The differences in soil and plants between the two habitats divided by the artificial seawalls provide a new insight for evaluating the artificial coastal projects. The only way to reduce the effects of seawalls on natural coastal wetland vegetation and ecosystem functions is to restore connectivity of tidal flow inside and outside the seawalls.
{"title":"Assessing the ecological response plant and soil to the seawalls in the Laizhou bay coastal wetland, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coastal wetlands are extremely vulnerable to both marine damage and human activities. In order to protect these wetlands, many artificial seawalls have been constructed. However, studies are required to understand how coastal wetlands will evolve under the influence of artificial seawalls. Therefore, to understand this succession process of plants and their adaptation to habitats divided by seawalls, two different habitats inside and outside the seawalls were selected in Laizhou Bay, China. The results showed that there were 5 plant species outside the seawalls that were lower than the 13 species inside. Additionally, the dominant plant species were varied between the two habitats, with mostly annual herbs observed outside the seawalls and perennial shrubs inside. Soil salinity was higher outside the seawalls, which was the key impact factor of soil nutrient differences. The distribution of annual and perennial species may be constrained by spatial differences in soil stoichiometry. Therefore, the plants in coastal wetlands vary significantly at a small scale in response to the disturbance of artificial seawalls. The differences in soil and plants between the two habitats divided by the artificial seawalls provide a new insight for evaluating the artificial coastal projects. The only way to reduce the effects of seawalls on natural coastal wetland vegetation and ecosystem functions is to restore connectivity of tidal flow inside and outside the seawalls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}