Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107717
Xingyu Qiu, Qingxia Liu, Honghui Huang, Li Zhang, Yancong Cai, Sen Du
The southwestern continental shelf of the South China Sea (SCS), a vital fishing ground, lacks systematic studies on fish with different feeding habits as bioindicators of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) pollution. This study combines stable isotope analysis and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to assess HMs, trophic dynamics, and human health risks in fish from this region. Results indicate that all HMs concentrations are below safety thresholds set by Chinese and FAO seafood standards. Trophic transfer analysis revealed significant biodilution of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni with increasing δ15N values, while Mn, As, and Pb showed no significant variation. Mixed feeding fish were significant correlated with Zn, Cd, and Cu; planktivorous species with Cr and Ni; and carnivorous species with Mn and Pb. Health risk assessment revealed significant differences in target hazard quotient (THQ) values for Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd among trophic groups, while total THQ (TTHQ) showed no significant variation. Compared to 1D MCS, the two-dimensional MCS (2D MCS) produced lower estimated risks, except for higher carcinogenic risks observed in children. The combined multiple linear regression (MLR) and 2D MCS model estimated the maximum acceptable daily fish intake at 22.4 g/day for children, 93.1 g/day for adult females, and 104.7 g/day for adult males. This study revealed differences in HMs levels and health risks of human consumption among different feeding groups, providing a scientific basis for sustainable fisheries management and safe seafood consumption in the SCS.
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