Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106865
Xu Gao , Junling Chen , Yuling Ma , Yue Zheng , Yinyao Bu , Xiaopeng Yu , Kefu Yu
Global warming and heavy metals have become the major threat to the growth and reproduction of corals. However, unlike scleractinian corals, in the context of widespread coral degradation worldwide, there are few reports on the response of octocorallia corals to high-temperature stress and heavy metals. In the present study, we conducted indoor simulation experiments using Junceella squamata. We evaluated the physiological response of these corals under high-temperature stress at 33 °C and cadmium (Cd) stress by comparing the composition and diversity of their symbiotic bacteria and analyzing differences in their transcriptome. The results show that high-temperature stress has more severe adverse effects than cadmium stress. High-temperature stress disrupts coral symbiotic relationships, leading to an increase in alpha diversity associated with disease-causing bacteria, which may increase the risk of infection and potentially contribute to coral mortality. Meanwhile, cadmium stress increases the instability of the coral holobiont, potentially disrupting DNA stability and RNA transcriptional regulation. However, an increase in Cd-tolerant bacteria may help corals respond to cadmium stress. This study reveals the effects of harmful substances on coral and highlights the urgent need for action to protect octocorals in the face of environmental stress.
全球变暖和重金属已成为珊瑚生长和繁殖的主要威胁。然而，与硬骨鱼类珊瑚不同，在全球珊瑚普遍退化的背景下，有关八带珊瑚对高温胁迫和重金属的反应的报道却很少。在本研究中，我们使用鳞栉水母（Junceella squamata）进行了室内模拟实验。我们通过比较共生细菌的组成和多样性以及分析其转录组的差异，评估了这些珊瑚在 33 °C 高温胁迫和镉（Cd）胁迫下的生理反应。结果表明，高温胁迫比镉胁迫的不利影响更严重。高温胁迫破坏了珊瑚的共生关系，导致与致病细菌相关的阿尔法多样性增加，这可能会增加感染风险，并有可能导致珊瑚死亡。同时，镉胁迫增加了珊瑚全生物体的不稳定性，可能会破坏 DNA 稳定性和 RNA 转录调控。不过，耐镉细菌的增加可能有助于珊瑚应对镉胁迫。这项研究揭示了有害物质对珊瑚的影响，并强调面对环境压力，迫切需要采取行动保护八珊瑚。
{"title":"Differential physiological and microbial responses of the octocoral Junceella squamata to high-temperature and cadmium stress","authors":"Xu Gao , Junling Chen , Yuling Ma , Yue Zheng , Yinyao Bu , Xiaopeng Yu , Kefu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming and heavy metals have become the major threat to the growth and reproduction of corals. However, unlike scleractinian corals, in the context of widespread coral degradation worldwide, there are few reports on the response of octocorallia corals to high-temperature stress and heavy metals. In the present study, we conducted indoor simulation experiments using <em>Junceella squamata</em>. We evaluated the physiological response of these corals under high-temperature stress at 33 °C and cadmium (Cd) stress by comparing the composition and diversity of their symbiotic bacteria and analyzing differences in their transcriptome. The results show that high-temperature stress has more severe adverse effects than cadmium stress. High-temperature stress disrupts coral symbiotic relationships, leading to an increase in alpha diversity associated with disease-causing bacteria, which may increase the risk of infection and potentially contribute to coral mortality. Meanwhile, cadmium stress increases the instability of the coral holobiont, potentially disrupting DNA stability and RNA transcriptional regulation. However, an increase in Cd-tolerant bacteria may help corals respond to cadmium stress. This study reveals the effects of harmful substances on coral and highlights the urgent need for action to protect octocorals in the face of environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106863
Mohammad Mehdi Chiani , Majid Rasta , Mojtaba S. Taleshi , Fatemeh Elmi
Marine organisms can serve as valuable bioindicators, providing insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. While barnacles and mussels have shown promise as bioindicators of MP pollution in coastal environments, recent studies have questioned the efficacy of bivalves in this role. To address this, our research investigated the suitability of Mytilaster lineatus and Amphibalanus improvisus as biomonitors of MP pollution in the Caspian Sea through a comprehensive survey of these filter-feeding organisms. Sediment, seawater and organisms samples were collected from 9 stations during July to September 2022. MPs were detected in all compartments with an average of 0.57 ± 0.59 items/L for water, 72.66 ± 29.29 items/kg dry weight for sediment, 1.69 ± 0.79 items/individual or 7.96 ± 3.231 items/g wet weight (ww) for M. lineatus and 1.8 ± 0.9 items/individual or 35.18 ± 35.33 items/g ww for A. improvisus. MPs were prevailed by class 1000−3000 μm in size, black in color, fiber in shape and polyamide in polymer. The pollution load index (PLI) for seawater and sediment stations were 2.11 and 2.22, respectively, confirm low level risk of MP pollution at the sampling stations. There was a positive correlation between the MP abundance isolated from seawater and those extracted from the small species (p < 0.05). Bioconcentration factor (BCF) exhibited that both organisms absorbed and accumulated MPs from their surrounding water (BCF >1). A negative correlation was detected between the number of MPs extracted from organisms and their soft tissues (p < 0.01). Therefore, smaller individuals of M. lineatus and A. improvisus showed greater potential for biomonitoring. Our findings underscore the importance of species size in assessing MP pollution using biomonitors and recommend that future studies incorporate size-related variables for a more comprehensive understanding of MPs biomonitors.
{"title":"The role of organisms’ size in microplastic pollution monitoring: Insights from Mytilaster lineatus and Amphibalanus improvisus","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Chiani , Majid Rasta , Mojtaba S. Taleshi , Fatemeh Elmi","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine organisms can serve as valuable bioindicators, providing insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. While barnacles and mussels have shown promise as bioindicators of MP pollution in coastal environments, recent studies have questioned the efficacy of bivalves in this role. To address this, our research investigated the suitability of <em>Mytilaster lineatus</em> and <em>Amphibalanus improvisus</em> as biomonitors of MP pollution in the Caspian Sea through a comprehensive survey of these filter-feeding organisms. Sediment, seawater and organisms samples were collected from 9 stations during July to September 2022. MPs were detected in all compartments with an average of 0.57 ± 0.59 items/L for water, 72.66 ± 29.29 items/kg dry weight for sediment, 1.69 ± 0.79 items/individual or 7.96 ± 3.231 items/g wet weight (ww) for <em>M. lineatus</em> and 1.8 ± 0.9 items/individual or 35.18 ± 35.33 items/g ww for <em>A. improvisus</em>. MPs were prevailed by class 1000−3000 μm in size, black in color, fiber in shape and polyamide in polymer. The pollution load index (PLI) for seawater and sediment stations were 2.11 and 2.22, respectively, confirm low level risk of MP pollution at the sampling stations. There was a positive correlation between the MP abundance isolated from seawater and those extracted from the small species (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Bioconcentration factor (BCF) exhibited that both organisms absorbed and accumulated MPs from their surrounding water (BCF >1). A negative correlation was detected between the number of MPs extracted from organisms and their soft tissues (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Therefore, smaller individuals of <em>M. lineatus</em> and <em>A. improvisus</em> showed greater potential for biomonitoring. Our findings underscore the importance of species size in assessing MP pollution using biomonitors and recommend that future studies incorporate size-related variables for a more comprehensive understanding of MPs biomonitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106864
Thales Jean Vidal , Nelson de Almeida Gouveia , Marius Nils Müller , Camila Brasil Louro da Silveira , Mauro Maida , Beatrice Padovani Ferreira
Coral reefs are suffering globally from the increased frequency and intensification of thermal anomalies, caused by anthropogenic climate change, leading to major mass bleaching events over the past three decades. Environmental factors, including temperature, geomorphology, interspecific competition, protection status and local settings, can modulate the severity of bleaching and the subsequent survival capacity of corals and hydrocorals after mass bleaching events. However, the complexity of environmental factors interacting over fine-scale spatial-temporal scales is still a major gap in understanding coral bleaching events of South Atlantic reefs. Here, we examined mortality and recovery patterns of the predominant hydrocoral species Millepora alcicornis after a mass bleaching event at the Northeastern coast of Brazil in 2019–2020. The ecological impact was evaluated by analyzing spatial factors, coral morphology, protection status and mortality rates in combination with the subsequent recovery potential influenced by overgrowth competition of dominant benthic organisms. The results indicate that hydrocorals located in proximity to the shore and shallow depths were more vulnerable with mortality rates of up to 90%, presumably related to higher light and temperature fluctuations. A total coral cover loss of approx. 50% was estimated for M. alcicornis within the study area and dead skeletons were overgrown by algal turfs and crustose coralline algae with the former being the predominant colonizer. In summary, our findings reveal fin-scale heterogeneous spatial vulnerability within the same coastal reef complex, indicating zones of high coral mortality. The described heterogeneous spatial vulnerability of the studied reef complex is an important factor to be considered in coral reef restauration and management plans to secure coral ecosystem services for the coming decades.
{"title":"Mortality patterns and recovery challenges in Millepora alcicornis after mass bleaching event on Northeast Brazilian reefs","authors":"Thales Jean Vidal , Nelson de Almeida Gouveia , Marius Nils Müller , Camila Brasil Louro da Silveira , Mauro Maida , Beatrice Padovani Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coral reefs are suffering globally from the increased frequency and intensification of thermal anomalies, caused by anthropogenic climate change, leading to major mass bleaching events over the past three decades. Environmental factors, including temperature, geomorphology, interspecific competition, protection status and local settings, can modulate the severity of bleaching and the subsequent survival capacity of corals and hydrocorals after mass bleaching events. However, the complexity of environmental factors interacting over fine-scale spatial-temporal scales is still a major gap in understanding coral bleaching events of South Atlantic reefs. Here, we examined mortality and recovery patterns of the predominant hydrocoral species <em>Millepora alcicornis</em> after a mass bleaching event at the Northeastern coast of Brazil in 2019–2020. The ecological impact was evaluated by analyzing spatial factors, coral morphology, protection status and mortality rates in combination with the subsequent recovery potential influenced by overgrowth competition of dominant benthic organisms. The results indicate that hydrocorals located in proximity to the shore and shallow depths were more vulnerable with mortality rates of up to 90%, presumably related to higher light and temperature fluctuations. A total coral cover loss of approx. 50% was estimated for <em>M. alcicornis</em> within the study area and dead skeletons were overgrown by algal turfs and crustose coralline algae with the former being the predominant colonizer. In summary, our findings reveal fin-scale heterogeneous spatial vulnerability within the same coastal reef complex, indicating zones of high coral mortality. The described heterogeneous spatial vulnerability of the studied reef complex is an important factor to be considered in coral reef restauration and management plans to secure coral ecosystem services for the coming decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106862
Xiaoxiao Ni , Yuchen Yang , Yingjuan Xie , Danfeng Li , Xinhui Xia , Ying Zhang , Chunfang Zheng
Acanthus ebracteatus is an endangered true mangrove species with great ecological and medicinal values. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been widely used to investigate transcriptional responses in A. ebracteatus, which can facilitate its protection and medicinal usage. However, lack of prior knowledge on the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalization of A. ebracteatus, especially under stress scenarios, restricts gene expression investigations of this species. To address this issue, we evaluated the expression stability of seven candidate reference genes (ACT, PP2A, TUB, TUA, UBQ, EF-1α and RPS13) in leaves of A. ebracteatus upon heat, cadmium (Cd), drought, cold, flood and salt stress, respectively, using four state-of-the-art methods, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. The results indicated that ACT was the most stably expressed in most scenarios, while EF-1α, PP2A and TUB ranked first under Cd, flood and salt stress, respectively. TUB was also the suboptimal reference gene for the samples exposed to drought and cold stress, and ACT was the second-best for Cd stress. For all the examined stress conditions, a combination of two reference genes was considered to be adequate enough for accurate expression standardization. A functional gene FLA17 was further employed to validate the performance of the candidate reference genes. The expression profiles of FLA17 displayed similar trends when using the top two stable reference genes, but were under- or overestimated when normalized by less stable genes, indicative of the importance of choosing the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization. Our findings provide a foundation for future gene expression studies of A. ebracteatus.
{"title":"Selection and verification of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR in endangered mangrove species Acanthus ebracteatus under different abiotic stress conditions","authors":"Xiaoxiao Ni , Yuchen Yang , Yingjuan Xie , Danfeng Li , Xinhui Xia , Ying Zhang , Chunfang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acanthus ebracteatus</em> is an endangered true mangrove species with great ecological and medicinal values. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been widely used to investigate transcriptional responses in <em>A. ebracteatus</em>, which can facilitate its protection and medicinal usage. However, lack of prior knowledge on the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR data normalization of <em>A. ebracteatus</em>, especially under stress scenarios, restricts gene expression investigations of this species. To address this issue, we evaluated the expression stability of seven candidate reference genes (<em>ACT</em>, <em>PP2A</em>, <em>TUB</em>, <em>TUA</em>, <em>UBQ</em>, <em>EF-1α</em> and <em>RPS13</em>) in leaves of <em>A. ebracteatus</em> upon heat, cadmium (Cd), drought, cold, flood and salt stress, respectively, using four state-of-the-art methods, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder. The results indicated that <em>ACT</em> was the most stably expressed in most scenarios, while <em>EF-1α</em>, <em>PP2A</em> and <em>TUB</em> ranked first under Cd, flood and salt stress, respectively. <em>TUB</em> was also the suboptimal reference gene for the samples exposed to drought and cold stress, and <em>ACT</em> was the second-best for Cd stress. For all the examined stress conditions, a combination of two reference genes was considered to be adequate enough for accurate expression standardization. A functional gene <em>FLA17</em> was further employed to validate the performance of the candidate reference genes. The expression profiles of <em>FLA17</em> displayed similar trends when using the top two stable reference genes, but were under- or overestimated when normalized by less stable genes, indicative of the importance of choosing the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization. Our findings provide a foundation for future gene expression studies of <em>A. ebracteatus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106860
Wei Teng , Xiaomei Shang , Jun Sun
By using Skeletonema dohrnii as the experimental algal species, we investigated how silicate concentration impacts the polyamine metabolism of diatoms in our experiment. Three different silicate concentrations were set for cultivation, and Skeletonema dohrnii at the exponential growth phase was selected to analyze basic physiological parameters, polyamine content, and Polyamine oxidase (PAO) gene expression under varying silicate concentrations. Results showed that low silicate concentrations led to reduced growth rate and polyamine content, with down-regulation of PAO gene expression. Conversely, high silicate concentrations did not significantly increase growth rate but did increase polyamine content and up-regulate the PAO gene. These findings suggested that changes in silicate concentration impact the growth rate and polyamine content of Skeletonema dohrnii, with the PAO gene potentially playing a role in regulating the algal response to silicate concentration variations. This study provides a foundation for further exploration of the PAO gene function in Skeletonema dohrnii.
在实验中，我们以多毛藻（Skeletonema dohrnii）为实验藻种，研究了硅酸盐浓度对硅藻多胺代谢的影响。我们设定了三种不同的硅酸盐浓度进行培养，并选择了处于指数生长期的Skeletonema dohrnii，分析了不同硅酸盐浓度下的基本生理参数、多胺含量和多胺氧化酶（PAO）基因表达。结果表明，低硅酸盐浓度导致生长速度和多胺含量降低，PAO基因表达下调。相反，高浓度硅酸盐并未显著提高生长率，但却增加了多胺含量，并上调了 PAO 基因的表达。这些研究结果表明，硅酸盐浓度的变化会影响藻类的生长速率和多胺含量，而 PAO 基因可能在调节藻类对硅酸盐浓度变化的反应中发挥作用。这项研究为进一步探索多孔骨藻 PAO 基因的功能奠定了基础。
{"title":"The effect of silicate on polyamine oxidase genes in Skeletonema dohrnii","authors":"Wei Teng , Xiaomei Shang , Jun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By using <em>Skeletonema dohrnii</em> as the experimental algal species, we investigated how silicate concentration impacts the polyamine metabolism of diatoms in our experiment. Three different silicate concentrations were set for cultivation, and <em>Skeletonema dohrnii</em> at the exponential growth phase was selected to analyze basic physiological parameters, polyamine content, and Polyamine oxidase (PAO) gene expression under varying silicate concentrations. Results showed that low silicate concentrations led to reduced growth rate and polyamine content, with down-regulation of PAO gene expression. Conversely, high silicate concentrations did not significantly increase growth rate but did increase polyamine content and up-regulate the PAO gene. These findings suggested that changes in silicate concentration impact the growth rate and polyamine content of <em>Skeletonema dohrnii</em>, with the PAO gene potentially playing a role in regulating the algal response to silicate concentration variations. This study provides a foundation for further exploration of the PAO gene function in <em>Skeletonema dohrnii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106857
Pieterjan Verhelst , Ine Pauwels , Lotte Pohl , Jan Reubens , Britte Schilt , Annemiek Hermans
Diadromous fish species are characterised by spawning migrations between freshwater and marine environments, where they traverse through estuaries and close to coasts. This species group has declined substantially over the past decades due to anthropogenic effects such as habitat fragmentation and loss and overfishing. A rising potential threat to their population recovery is the increasing installation of subsea power cables (SPCs) which generate electromagnetic fields (EMF) as they transport energy from offshore wind farms to land. At least a part of the diadromous species are able to detect EMF, yet it is currently unknown whether EMF by SPCs affect their spawning migrations. With the increasing demand to offshore wind energy production and consequently the establishment of SPCs, the interaction between these SPCs and migrating diadromous fish species will rise in the near future. Consequently, there is an urgent need for knowledge on the impact of SPC-induced EMF on diadromous fish spawning migrations. Such knowledge can be obtained through a combination of lab and in situ experiments. International policy guidelines on the practicalities of deploying SPCs need to be established, taking into account the most up-to-date knowledge on the effect of SPC-induced EMF on diadromous fish spawning migrations.
{"title":"Electromagnetic fields and diadromous fish spawning migration: An urgent call for knowledge","authors":"Pieterjan Verhelst , Ine Pauwels , Lotte Pohl , Jan Reubens , Britte Schilt , Annemiek Hermans","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diadromous fish species are characterised by spawning migrations between freshwater and marine environments, where they traverse through estuaries and close to coasts. This species group has declined substantially over the past decades due to anthropogenic effects such as habitat fragmentation and loss and overfishing. A rising potential threat to their population recovery is the increasing installation of subsea power cables (SPCs) which generate electromagnetic fields (EMF) as they transport energy from offshore wind farms to land. At least a part of the diadromous species are able to detect EMF, yet it is currently unknown whether EMF by SPCs affect their spawning migrations. With the increasing demand to offshore wind energy production and consequently the establishment of SPCs, the interaction between these SPCs and migrating diadromous fish species will rise in the near future. Consequently, there is an urgent need for knowledge on the impact of SPC-induced EMF on diadromous fish spawning migrations. Such knowledge can be obtained through a combination of lab and <em>in situ</em> experiments. International policy guidelines on the practicalities of deploying SPCs need to be established, taking into account the most up-to-date knowledge on the effect of SPC-induced EMF on diadromous fish spawning migrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106856
Roberto Mario Venegas , David Rivas , Eric Treml
Herein we study long-term changes in global sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL) in order to evaluate possible effects of climate change on the global marine ecosystems. Our approach is to analyze multi-model ensemble-means from global numerical-simulations available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). A 250-year span consisting of the 1850–2014 historical period and the 2015–2099 climate-change projection was considered, where the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) 2.45 and 5.85 were selected as the projected climate-change scenarios. In the historical period, global linear trends show an SST increasing at 0.0024 °C year-1 and a CHL decreasing at −2.35x10-5 mg m-3 year-1, but by the last years (1985–2014) these changes become more abrupt: SST rising at 0.0146 °C year-1 and CHL declining at −1.49x10-4 mg m-3 year-1. During the intense climate-change scenario (SSP-5.85), SST increases at 0.0341 °C year-1 and CHL decreases at −0.0002 mg m-3 year-1, but in the last years (2070–2099) the warming is stronger (0.045 °C year-1) and the CHL decline is weaker (−0.0001 mg m-3 year-1). Additionally, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and dual Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) analyses on the model-data ensembles show: 1) significant correlations between SST and CHL patterns and climate teleconnection indices, 2) contracting polar and high latitude seascapes, 3) rising SST range (both high and low temperatures), 4) declining CHL in warming tropical seascapes, and 5) global expansion of low CHL levels. On the other hand, recent (2022–2023) global observed-SST anomalies mirror end-of-century projections, with extreme anomalies in tropical and subtropical regions and significant changes in near-polar regions. Thus, our findings emphasize the need to curb fossil fuel emissions in order to avoid irreparable consequences for the marine environment.
{"title":"Global climate-driven sea surface temperature and chlorophyll dynamics","authors":"Roberto Mario Venegas , David Rivas , Eric Treml","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein we study long-term changes in global sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL) in order to evaluate possible effects of climate change on the global marine ecosystems. Our approach is to analyze multi-model ensemble-means from global numerical-simulations available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). A 250-year span consisting of the 1850–2014 historical period and the 2015–2099 climate-change projection was considered, where the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) 2.45 and 5.85 were selected as the projected climate-change scenarios. In the historical period, global linear trends show an SST increasing at 0.0024 °C year-1 and a CHL decreasing at −2.35x10-5 mg m-3 year-1, but by the last years (1985–2014) these changes become more abrupt: SST rising at 0.0146 °C year-1 and CHL declining at −1.49x10-4 mg m-3 year-1. During the intense climate-change scenario (SSP-5.85), SST increases at 0.0341 °C year-1 and CHL decreases at −0.0002 mg m-3 year-1, but in the last years (2070–2099) the warming is stronger (0.045 °C year-1) and the CHL decline is weaker (−0.0001 mg m-3 year-1). Additionally, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and dual Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) analyses on the model-data ensembles show: 1) significant correlations between SST and CHL patterns and climate teleconnection indices, 2) contracting polar and high latitude seascapes, 3) rising SST range (both high and low temperatures), 4) declining CHL in warming tropical seascapes, and 5) global expansion of low CHL levels. On the other hand, recent (2022–2023) global observed-SST anomalies mirror end-of-century projections, with extreme anomalies in tropical and subtropical regions and significant changes in near-polar regions. Thus, our findings emphasize the need to curb fossil fuel emissions in order to avoid irreparable consequences for the marine environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106854
Min Chen , Jiayu Li , Guobiao Huang , Yanting Lin , Shuting Zeng , Ya Xu , Xuan Liu , Feng Cai , Hongshuai Qi
Benthic diatoms are the primary beach vegetation on sandy coasts, acting as the main primary producers in such environments. Changes in their community structure and biomass can have substantial impact on both the entire micro-food web and the nearshore shallow marine ecosystem. This study focused on four typical beaches along the southern coast of China (Fuzhou Changle Beach, Xiamen Huizhan Beach, Xiamen Guanyinshan Beach, and Beihai Silver Beach). Analysis of benthic diatoms and environmental factors revealed that the distribution of benthic diatom communities on the studied beaches is influenced by elevation, salinity changes due to freshwater inputs, sediment composition, and hydrodynamic factors. The most important factor is elevation, which reflects the location of the beach in the tidal zone. On Beihai Silver Beach and the Xiamen beaches, the mid-tidal and low tidal zones are more conducive to growth and reproduction of benthic diatoms, and some diatom species show preference for different tidal zones. On dissipative beaches, benthic diatom abundance peaks in the mid-tidal zone, whereas on low tidal terrace beaches, diatom abundance is generally low in the high tidal zone and relatively high in the low tidal zone. Additionally, low tidal terrace beaches exhibit a “steep increase zone” of diatom abundance at the junction of the steep and gentle slopes, indicating that benthic diatom abundance responds more to this type of beach landform than to that of dissipative beaches.
{"title":"Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of benthic diatoms on several typical beaches along the southern coast of China","authors":"Min Chen , Jiayu Li , Guobiao Huang , Yanting Lin , Shuting Zeng , Ya Xu , Xuan Liu , Feng Cai , Hongshuai Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benthic diatoms are the primary beach vegetation on sandy coasts, acting as the main primary producers in such environments. Changes in their community structure and biomass can have substantial impact on both the entire micro-food web and the nearshore shallow marine ecosystem. This study focused on four typical beaches along the southern coast of China (Fuzhou Changle Beach, Xiamen Huizhan Beach, Xiamen Guanyinshan Beach, and Beihai Silver Beach). Analysis of benthic diatoms and environmental factors revealed that the distribution of benthic diatom communities on the studied beaches is influenced by elevation, salinity changes due to freshwater inputs, sediment composition, and hydrodynamic factors. The most important factor is elevation, which reflects the location of the beach in the tidal zone. On Beihai Silver Beach and the Xiamen beaches, the mid-tidal and low tidal zones are more conducive to growth and reproduction of benthic diatoms, and some diatom species show preference for different tidal zones. On dissipative beaches, benthic diatom abundance peaks in the mid-tidal zone, whereas on low tidal terrace beaches, diatom abundance is generally low in the high tidal zone and relatively high in the low tidal zone. Additionally, low tidal terrace beaches exhibit a “steep increase zone” of diatom abundance at the junction of the steep and gentle slopes, indicating that benthic diatom abundance responds more to this type of beach landform than to that of dissipative beaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106855
F.J. Paredes-Molina , O.R. Chaparro , J.M. Navarro , J.A. Büchner-Miranda , L.P. Salas-Yanquin , V.M. Cubillos , H.N. Jaramillo , J.A. Pechenik , A. Averbuj , V. Bökenhans
The increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere reduces the pH and raises the temperature of the oceans. The combination of both factors impacts the physiological responses and calcium carbonate structures of marine organisms. This study assessed the performance of the juvenile stage of the gastropod Acanthina monodon, after it was continuously exposed to treatments at two pCO2 levels (400 and 1200 μatm) at two temperatures (10 °C and 15 °C) during the periods of embryonic encapsulated development and the early post-hatching juvenile stage. Juvenile performance was evaluated by quantifying shell growth, survival, foot adhesion strength, shell breakage resistance, and oxygen consumption rates. The results indicate that the combination of increased temperature and decreased pH increased juvenile shell growth, while only the decrease in pH had a negative effect on shell strength. However, juveniles were able to attach more strongly to substrates following exposure to the higher temperature level. Furthermore, the interaction of treatments had no effect on the metabolic rate or survival of juveniles, suggesting a possible compensatory effect of the juveniles to the more adverse conditions to which they were exposed.
{"title":"Performance of Acanthina monodon juveniles under long-term exposure to predicted climate change conditions","authors":"F.J. Paredes-Molina , O.R. Chaparro , J.M. Navarro , J.A. Büchner-Miranda , L.P. Salas-Yanquin , V.M. Cubillos , H.N. Jaramillo , J.A. Pechenik , A. Averbuj , V. Bökenhans","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> in the Earth's atmosphere reduces the pH and raises the temperature of the oceans. The combination of both factors impacts the physiological responses and calcium carbonate structures of marine organisms. This study assessed the performance of the juvenile stage of the gastropod <em>Acanthina monodon</em>, after it was continuously exposed to treatments at two <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> levels (400 and 1200 μatm) at two temperatures (10 °C and 15 °C) during the periods of embryonic encapsulated development and the early post-hatching juvenile stage. Juvenile performance was evaluated by quantifying shell growth, survival, foot adhesion strength, shell breakage resistance, and oxygen consumption rates. The results indicate that the combination of increased temperature and decreased pH increased juvenile shell growth, while only the decrease in pH had a negative effect on shell strength. However, juveniles were able to attach more strongly to substrates following exposure to the higher temperature level. Furthermore, the interaction of treatments had no effect on the metabolic rate or survival of juveniles, suggesting a possible compensatory effect of the juveniles to the more adverse conditions to which they were exposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 106855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106851
Alessandra Cani , Cristina Besén , Carlos Carreras , Marta Pascual , Luis Cardona
Loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, born on the nesting beaches of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (US eastern coast) undertake a transoceanic migration immediately after birth, traveling eastward in association with the Gulf Stream and reaching the coasts of Europe and northwestern Africa when two or three years old and 20–30 cm in curve carapace length. Once there, they may remain in the eastern Atlantic or enter the Mediterranean Sea before eventually returning to the western Atlantic several years later. However, the timing of entry into the Mediterranean and the length of the period spent inside are poorly known. To study this, skeletochronology was combined with the analysis of the stable isotope ratios of oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in the cortical bone of the humerus of 31 juvenile loggerhead turtles of Northwest Atlantic origin found dead stranded in the Balearic Islands. Incremental bone layers were sampled to assess changes in habitat through the movement across isotopically distinct water masses and the existence of any ontogenetic change in the diet. Although the incremental layers corresponding to the very first years of live were missing in all individuals, the wide range of δ18O values of the remaining layers suggested that these juveniles moved between water masses differing in salinity, from the eastern Atlantic, the western Mediterranean, and the much saltier eastern Mediterranean, without any consistent temporal pattern. Nevertheless, upon reaching ten years old, loggerhead turtles seem to settle in low salinity areas of the western Mediterranean, such as the Algerian Basin or the Alboran Sea, likely preparing for their return towards their natal beaches in the Northwest Atlantic. Finally, the changes observed in the δ13C and δ15N values were small, suggesting only minor ontogenetic changes in their diet throughout the analysed life stages.
{"title":"The journey of loggerhead turtles from the Northwest Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea as recorded by the stable isotope ratios of O, C and N of their bones","authors":"Alessandra Cani , Cristina Besén , Carlos Carreras , Marta Pascual , Luis Cardona","doi":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loggerhead turtles, <em>Caretta caretta</em>, born on the nesting beaches of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (US eastern coast) undertake a transoceanic migration immediately after birth, traveling eastward in association with the Gulf Stream and reaching the coasts of Europe and northwestern Africa when two or three years old and 20–30 cm in curve carapace length. Once there, they may remain in the eastern Atlantic or enter the Mediterranean Sea before eventually returning to the western Atlantic several years later. However, the timing of entry into the Mediterranean and the length of the period spent inside are poorly known. To study this, skeletochronology was combined with the analysis of the stable isotope ratios of oxygen (δ<sup>18</sup>O), carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) in the cortical bone of the humerus of 31 juvenile loggerhead turtles of Northwest Atlantic origin found dead stranded in the Balearic Islands. Incremental bone layers were sampled to assess changes in habitat through the movement across isotopically distinct water masses and the existence of any ontogenetic change in the diet. Although the incremental layers corresponding to the very first years of live were missing in all individuals, the wide range of δ<sup>18</sup>O values of the remaining layers suggested that these juveniles moved between water masses differing in salinity, from the eastern Atlantic, the western Mediterranean, and the much saltier eastern Mediterranean, without any consistent temporal pattern. Nevertheless, upon reaching ten years old, loggerhead turtles seem to settle in low salinity areas of the western Mediterranean, such as the Algerian Basin or the Alboran Sea, likely preparing for their return towards their natal beaches in the Northwest Atlantic. Finally, the changes observed in the δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values were small, suggesting only minor ontogenetic changes in their diet throughout the analysed life stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18204,"journal":{"name":"Marine environmental research","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 106851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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