K. Mayandi, K. Rigesh, Rajini Nagarajan, Sikiru O. Ismail, Kumar Krishnan, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
In this present study, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method was used to fabricate the composites. Before three-dimensional (3D) printing, samples were designed according to the ASTM D256, D790 and D3039 standards for impact, flexural and tensile tests, respectively, using Onshape software before conversion to an STL file format. Afterward, the digital file was sliced with infill densities of 60%, 80%, and 100%. The composite samples contained chopped carbon fiber (cCF) and poly lactic acid (PLA), as reinforcement and matrix, respectively. The cCF/PLA (simply called cCFP) filaments were printed into various cCFP composite (cCFPC) samples, using a Viper Share bot 3D machine with different infill densities before the aforementioned mechanical testing. The tensile strength of cCFP were obtained as 25.9MPa, 26.9MPa and 34.75MPa for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. Similarly, the flexural strength of cCFP were obtained as 11.8MPa, 12.55MPa and 18.4MPa and impact strength was 47.48kJ/m2, 48.45kJ/m2 and 48.96kJ/m2 for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. The fractured/tested samples were examined and analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the presence of fiber and void in the tensile sample. Based on the experimental results, it was evident that a high infill density of 100% with the highest reinforcement exhibited maximum impact strength, tensile and flexural strengths and moduli when compared with other lower carbon content of cCFPC samples. Therefore, the optimal 3D-printed cCFPC sample could be used for engineering application to benefit from properties of the polymer matrix composite materials and possibilities through additive manufacturing (AM).
{"title":"Effects of infill density on mechanical properties of additively manufactured chopped carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites","authors":"K. Mayandi, K. Rigesh, Rajini Nagarajan, Sikiru O. Ismail, Kumar Krishnan, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"In this present study, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method was used to fabricate the composites. Before three-dimensional (3D) printing, samples were designed according to the ASTM D256, D790 and D3039 standards for impact, flexural and tensile tests, respectively, using Onshape software before conversion to an STL file format. Afterward, the digital file was sliced with infill densities of 60%, 80%, and 100%. The composite samples contained chopped carbon fiber (cCF) and poly lactic acid (PLA), as reinforcement and matrix, respectively. The cCF/PLA (simply called cCFP) filaments were printed into various cCFP composite (cCFPC) samples, using a Viper Share bot 3D machine with different infill densities before the aforementioned mechanical testing. The tensile strength of cCFP were obtained as 25.9MPa, 26.9MPa and 34.75MPa for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. Similarly, the flexural strength of cCFP were obtained as 11.8MPa, 12.55MPa and 18.4MPa and impact strength was 47.48kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, 48.45kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and 48.96kJ/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for 60%, 80% and 100% infill density cCFP samples, respectively. The fractured/tested samples were examined and analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the presence of fiber and void in the tensile sample. Based on the experimental results, it was evident that a high infill density of 100% with the highest reinforcement exhibited maximum impact strength, tensile and flexural strengths and moduli when compared with other lower carbon content of cCFPC samples. Therefore, the optimal 3D-printed cCFPC sample could be used for engineering application to benefit from properties of the polymer matrix composite materials and possibilities through additive manufacturing (AM).","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ewa Jonda, Hanna Myalska-Głowacka, Leszek Łatka, Krzysztof Szymański, Magłorzata Dziekońska
The purpose of this work was to carry out comparative studies of WC-Co-Cr coatings deposited using the high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) method onto two types of substrate material: structural steel S235 and magnesium alloy AZ31. The influence of the substrate material type on the microstructure, phase composition, crystallite size, porosity, Vickers microhardness, instrumental hardness (HIT), Young’s modulus (EIT), and fracture toughness was investigated. For both substrates, the deposited coatings deposited were characterized with fine-grained and compact microstructure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed presence of following phases: WC, W2C, Co0.9W0.1, and Co3W9C4. The WC phase was the most desirable and stable one with crystallites were below 100 nm. On the other hand, the size of the W2C crystallites was below 30 nm. The coatings obtained showed porosity values equal to 2.3 ± 0.4 vol% and 2.8 ± 0.7 vol% for AZ31 and S235, respectively. The average Vickers microhardness for both types of sample was appproximately 1200 HV0.3. The average HIT values for carbide particles and metallic matrix were around 29 GPa and 6.5 GPa, respectively. In the case of EIT, it was around 620 GPa and 190 GPa for WC and Co-Cr, respectively. The differences between coatings were negligible. The EIT value for both coatings was equal to 344 ± 11 GPa. The fracture toughness was around 4.5 MPa · m1/2 in both cases. The investigations revealed that it is possible to replace steel substrate material with a much lighter equivalent, in this case AZ31 alloy, without deterioration of the coating properties.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of microstructure and selected properties of WC-Co-Cr coatings sprayed by high-velocity oxy fuel on S235 and AZ31 substrates","authors":"Ewa Jonda, Hanna Myalska-Głowacka, Leszek Łatka, Krzysztof Szymański, Magłorzata Dziekońska","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to carry out comparative studies of WC-Co-Cr coatings deposited using the high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) method onto two types of substrate material: structural steel S235 and magnesium alloy AZ31. The influence of the substrate material type on the microstructure, phase composition, crystallite size, porosity, Vickers microhardness, instrumental hardness (H<jats:sub>IT</jats:sub>), Young’s modulus (E<jats:sub>IT</jats:sub>), and fracture toughness was investigated. For both substrates, the deposited coatings deposited were characterized with fine-grained and compact microstructure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed presence of following phases: WC, W<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>C, Co<jats:sub>0.9</jats:sub>W<jats:sub>0.1</jats:sub>, and Co<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>W<jats:sub>9</jats:sub>C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>. The WC phase was the most desirable and stable one with crystallites were below 100 nm. On the other hand, the size of the W<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>C crystallites was below 30 nm. The coatings obtained showed porosity values equal to 2.3 ± 0.4 vol% and 2.8 ± 0.7 vol% for AZ31 and S235, respectively. The average Vickers microhardness for both types of sample was appproximately 1200 HV0.3. The average H<jats:sub>IT</jats:sub> values for carbide particles and metallic matrix were around 29 GPa and 6.5 GPa, respectively. In the case of E<jats:sub>IT</jats:sub>, it was around 620 GPa and 190 GPa for WC and Co-Cr, respectively. The differences between coatings were negligible. The E<jats:sub>IT</jats:sub> value for both coatings was equal to 344 ± 11 GPa. The fracture toughness was around 4.5 MPa · m<jats:sup>1/2</jats:sup> in both cases. The investigations revealed that it is possible to replace steel substrate material with a much lighter equivalent, in this case AZ31 alloy, without deterioration of the coating properties.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting Yu, Boonyarach Kitiyanan, Stephan Thierry Dubas
The effect of laser etching on the surface properties of composite polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) based membranes as mixed matrix membranes was studied. The PECs were prepared by the stoichiometric mixing of cationic PDDA (poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)) and anionic PSS (poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate)) as polyelectrolytes with various contents of ZIF-8 as filler. Composite membranes usually display improved bulk properties depending on the nature of the filler, but the surface properties are often dictated by the matrix covering the surface. The PEC composite membranes were then subjected to laser etching, resulting in the enhanced exposure of embedded ZIF-8 particles within the PEC structure in an attempt to improve the surface properties of the composite membrane. The crystal structure, morphology, and distribution of zinc at the PECs surface, before and after laser etching, were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. In order to evaluate the improvement of the surface properties of the laser-etched membranes, a model experiment involving a catalytic reaction was chosen. The pristine and laser treated surfaces were tested for their catalytic activity for the transesterification of triglycerides present in soybean oil with methanol at a temperature of 150°C. Interestingly, the laser-etched PECs displayed substantially enhanced activity compared to the original composite PEC membranes as a result of surface erosion. These results could be interesting for the future development of composite membranes with improved surface properties where the filler needs to expose the surface of the membranes.
{"title":"Enhanced catalytic activity of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) polyelectrolyte complex composites membranes by laser etching","authors":"Ting Yu, Boonyarach Kitiyanan, Stephan Thierry Dubas","doi":"10.2478/msp-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of laser etching on the surface properties of composite polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) based membranes as mixed matrix membranes was studied. The PECs were prepared by the stoichiometric mixing of cationic PDDA (poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)) and anionic PSS (poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate)) as polyelectrolytes with various contents of ZIF-8 as filler. Composite membranes usually display improved bulk properties depending on the nature of the filler, but the surface properties are often dictated by the matrix covering the surface. The PEC composite membranes were then subjected to laser etching, resulting in the enhanced exposure of embedded ZIF-8 particles within the PEC structure in an attempt to improve the surface properties of the composite membrane. The crystal structure, morphology, and distribution of zinc at the PECs surface, before and after laser etching, were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. In order to evaluate the improvement of the surface properties of the laser-etched membranes, a model experiment involving a catalytic reaction was chosen. The pristine and laser treated surfaces were tested for their catalytic activity for the transesterification of triglycerides present in soybean oil with methanol at a temperature of 150°C. Interestingly, the laser-etched PECs displayed substantially enhanced activity compared to the original composite PEC membranes as a result of surface erosion. These results could be interesting for the future development of composite membranes with improved surface properties where the filler needs to expose the surface of the membranes.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140939520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Kchaou, Sujin Jose Arul, A. Athijayamani, Priyabrata Adhikary, S. Murugan, Faisal Khaled Aldawood, Hussain F. Abualkhair
This paper highlights the results of an experimental study on the preparation and characterization of Luffa cylindrica fiber (LCF) and groundnut shell particle (GSP) reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) hybrid composites. The amount of LCFs was fixed at 25 wt%, while the amount of groundnut shell particles ranged from 0 to 25 wt%. Observations were made regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of prepared hybrid composites. In addition, the mechanical behaviours of hybrid composites have been studied under both dry and wet conditions. In comparison to dry conditions, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were lower when they were wet. Hybrid composites comprising 25% Luffa cylindica fibre and 15% groundnut shell particle (25LCF/15GSP) exhibit the highest level of mechanical properties under both conditions. The percentages of water absorption and thickness swelling increase as groundnut shell particles increase. The composite 25LCF/25GSP exhibited the highest percentage of water absorption and thickness swelling. Compared to date palm leaf (DPL)-reinforced composites, 25LCF/15GSP showed more significant mechanical and physical properties. We concluded that the inclusion of groundnut shell particles in LCF/PF composites substantially improved the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. The range of increment, however, was narrower under moist conditions compared to dry conditions.
{"title":"Water absorption and mechanical behaviour of green fibres and particles acting as reinforced hybrid composite materials","authors":"Mohamed Kchaou, Sujin Jose Arul, A. Athijayamani, Priyabrata Adhikary, S. Murugan, Faisal Khaled Aldawood, Hussain F. Abualkhair","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0051","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the results of an experimental study on the preparation and characterization of <jats:italic>Luffa cylindrica</jats:italic> fiber (LCF) and groundnut shell particle (GSP) reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) hybrid composites. The amount of LCFs was fixed at 25 wt%, while the amount of groundnut shell particles ranged from 0 to 25 wt%. Observations were made regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of prepared hybrid composites. In addition, the mechanical behaviours of hybrid composites have been studied under both dry and wet conditions. In comparison to dry conditions, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were lower when they were wet. Hybrid composites comprising 25% <jats:italic>Luffa cylindica</jats:italic> fibre and 15% groundnut shell particle (25LCF/15GSP) exhibit the highest level of mechanical properties under both conditions. The percentages of water absorption and thickness swelling increase as groundnut shell particles increase. The composite 25LCF/25GSP exhibited the highest percentage of water absorption and thickness swelling. Compared to date palm leaf (DPL)-reinforced composites, 25LCF/15GSP showed more significant mechanical and physical properties. We concluded that the inclusion of groundnut shell particles in LCF/PF composites substantially improved the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. The range of increment, however, was narrower under moist conditions compared to dry conditions.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah M. Zeyad, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Ali Aliakbar, Hassan M. Magbool, Taksiah A. Majid, Majed A. A. Aldahdooh
The corrosion of steel reinforcement by chloride is commonly recognized as a key factor that contributes to the degradation of durability in reinforced concreae structures. Using supplementary cementitious materials, such as industrial and agricultural waste materials, usually enhances the impermeability of the concrete and its corrosion resistance, acid resistance, and sulfate resistance. This study’s primary purpose is to examine the effects of replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (U-POFA) on the corrosion resistant performance of high-strength green concrete (HSGC). There were four HSGC mixes tested; the first mix contained 100% OPC, while the other mixes replaced OPC mass with 20%, 40%, and 60% of U-POFA. The performance of all HSGC mixes containing U-POFA on workability, compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, impressed voltage test, and mass loss was investigated at 7, 28, 60, and 90 days. Adding U-POFA to mixes enhances their workability, compressive strength (CS), water absorption, and porosity in comparison with mixes that contain 100% OPC. The findings clearly portrayed that the utilization of U-POFA as a partial alternative for OPC significantly enhances the corrosion-resistant performance of the HSGC. In general, it is strongly advised that a high proportion of U-POFA be incorporated, totaling 60% of the OPC content. This recommendation is the result of its significance as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective green pozzolanic material. Hence, it could contribute to the superior durability performance of concrete structures, particularly in aggressive environmental exposures. Highlights The corrosion resistance performance of high-strength green concrete was investigated. Ultrafine palm oil fuel ash as a partial alternative of cement mass with 20%, 40%, and 60% was used. HSGC performance was evaluated in terms of workability, compressive strength, water absorption, porosity, impact stress testing, and mass loss.
{"title":"Performance of green high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash in harsh environments","authors":"Abdullah M. Zeyad, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Ali Aliakbar, Hassan M. Magbool, Taksiah A. Majid, Majed A. A. Aldahdooh","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0042","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion of steel reinforcement by chloride is commonly recognized as a key factor that contributes to the degradation of durability in reinforced concreae structures. Using supplementary cementitious materials, such as industrial and agricultural waste materials, usually enhances the impermeability of the concrete and its corrosion resistance, acid resistance, and sulfate resistance. This study’s primary purpose is to examine the effects of replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (U-POFA) on the corrosion resistant performance of high-strength green concrete (HSGC). There were four HSGC mixes tested; the first mix contained 100% OPC, while the other mixes replaced OPC mass with 20%, 40%, and 60% of U-POFA. The performance of all HSGC mixes containing U-POFA on workability, compressive strength, porosity, water absorption, impressed voltage test, and mass loss was investigated at 7, 28, 60, and 90 days. Adding U-POFA to mixes enhances their workability, compressive strength (CS), water absorption, and porosity in comparison with mixes that contain 100% OPC. The findings clearly portrayed that the utilization of U-POFA as a partial alternative for OPC significantly enhances the corrosion-resistant performance of the HSGC. In general, it is strongly advised that a high proportion of U-POFA be incorporated, totaling 60% of the OPC content. This recommendation is the result of its significance as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective green pozzolanic material. Hence, it could contribute to the superior durability performance of concrete structures, particularly in aggressive environmental exposures. Highlights <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> The corrosion resistance performance of high-strength green concrete was investigated. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> Ultrafine palm oil fuel ash as a partial alternative of cement mass with 20%, 40%, and 60% was used. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> HSGC performance was evaluated in terms of workability, compressive strength, water absorption, porosity, impact stress testing, and mass loss. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rong Xia, Kun Zhang, Fengyuan Shu, Xin Zhang, Liying Yan, Cheng Li
To improve the surface properties of Ti alloy, (Co34Fe8Cr29Ni8Si7)100–x Bx alloy, coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The coatings—mainly composed of TiCr, Fe0.1Ti0.18V0.72, CoTi, Ti2Ni, and TiB—and amorphous phases were investigated in terms of microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The results showed that the microhardness of the Co-based coatings first increased and then decreased with the increase of B content. When the B content was 6%, the microhardness of the coating increased up to 1210 HV0.2 which was 3.4 times that of TC4 alloy substrate. The coatings exhibited diverse wear mechanisms that gradually transitioned from severe fatigue spalling and oxidative wear to slightly abrasive wear. The corrosion current density of Co-based coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution first increased and then decreased as B contents increased. Coatings with 4% B content, however, exhibited the best corrosion resistance, which was most suitable for improving the corrosion resistance of Ti alloy.
为了改善 Ti 合金 (Co34Fe8Cr29Ni8Si7)100-x B x 合金的表面性能，我们采用激光熔覆法制备了涂层。研究了涂层（主要由 TiCr、Fe0.1Ti0.18V0.72、CoTi、Ti2Ni 和 TiB 以及非晶相组成）的微观结构、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。结果表明，随着 B 含量的增加，Co 基涂层的显微硬度先增大后减小。当 B 含量为 6% 时，涂层的显微硬度增加到 1210 HV0.2，是 TC4 合金基体的 3.4 倍。涂层表现出多种磨损机制，从严重的疲劳剥落和氧化磨损逐渐过渡到轻微的磨料磨损。随着 B 含量的增加，Co 基涂层在 3.5 wt% NaCl 溶液中的腐蚀电流密度先增大后减小。然而，硼含量为 4% 的涂层表现出最好的耐腐蚀性，最适合用于提高钛合金的耐腐蚀性。
{"title":"Effects of B content on wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Co-based alloy coatings","authors":"Rong Xia, Kun Zhang, Fengyuan Shu, Xin Zhang, Liying Yan, Cheng Li","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the surface properties of Ti alloy, (Co<jats:sub>34</jats:sub>Fe<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>Cr<jats:sub>29</jats:sub>Ni<jats:sub>8</jats:sub>Si<jats:sub>7</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>100–<jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> B<jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> alloy, coatings were prepared by laser cladding. The coatings—mainly composed of TiCr, Fe<jats:sub>0.1</jats:sub>Ti<jats:sub>0.18</jats:sub>V<jats:sub>0.72</jats:sub>, CoTi, Ti<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>Ni, and TiB—and amorphous phases were investigated in terms of microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The results showed that the microhardness of the Co-based coatings first increased and then decreased with the increase of B content. When the B content was 6%, the microhardness of the coating increased up to 1210 HV<jats:sub>0.2</jats:sub> which was 3.4 times that of TC4 alloy substrate. The coatings exhibited diverse wear mechanisms that gradually transitioned from severe fatigue spalling and oxidative wear to slightly abrasive wear. The corrosion current density of Co-based coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution first increased and then decreased as B contents increased. Coatings with 4% B content, however, exhibited the best corrosion resistance, which was most suitable for improving the corrosion resistance of Ti alloy.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thaar K. Alrashidi, Alwaleed Aljuhani, Faisal Almugaiteeb, Nacer Badi, Hatem A. Al-Aoh, Saleh A. Alghamdi, Abdulrhman M Alsharari, Ahmed Obaid M Alzahrani, Khaled Almalki
Gelatins from camel, bovine, and fish bones were successfully extracted by using chemical pretreatment and heating methods. The bones were demineralized for 3 days at ambient temperature using hydrochloric acid solutions (0.5–1 M), and the collagen was partially hydrolyzed by preheating in distilled water at 75–80°C for 3 h, followed by extraction temperature at 90°C for 1 h. Free-standing films of gelatin entrained with silver nanoparticles (Gel/AgNPs) at low concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mM) were synthesized as radiation dosimeters. A high-energy ultrasonic homogenizer was used to dissolve the gelatin in distilled water and to disperse the AgNPs in the gelatin. The nanocomposites’ morphology and crystallinity were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical absorption, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. Dose enhancement was assessed using X-ray irradiations with beam energies below and above silver K-edge. The beam was configured by setting the X-ray generator at 15, 25.5, and 35 kV potential and a beam current of 1 mA. An X-ray detector is used to detect the number of electrons after passing through Gel/AgNPs samples. The use of AgNPs embedded in gelatin caused the enhancement of X-ray radiation absorption, and the highest percentage of linearity for the dosimeter was found to be 90% in the optical range of 395 nm to 425 nm. The preliminary results demonstrated that Gel/AgNPs material may be used in radiation dosimetry for low-energy radiotherapy sources.
通过化学预处理和加热方法，成功提取了骆驼、牛和鱼骨中的明胶。使用盐酸溶液（0.5-1 M）在环境温度下对骨骼进行为期 3 天的脱矿处理，并在 75-80°C 的蒸馏水中预热 3 小时，使胶原蛋白部分水解，然后在 90°C 的温度下萃取 1 小时。使用高能超声匀浆器将明胶溶解在蒸馏水中，并将 AgNPs 分散在明胶中。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、光学吸收和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究了纳米复合材料的形态和结晶度。利用能量低于和高于银 K 边的 X 射线辐照对剂量增强进行了评估。通过将 X 射线发生器设置为 15、25.5 和 35 kV 的电位和 1 mA 的束流来配置束流。X 射线探测器用于检测穿过凝胶/AgNPs 样品后的电子数。在明胶中嵌入 AgNPs 可增强对 X 射线的吸收，在 395 纳米到 425 纳米的光学范围内，剂量计的最高线性百分比为 90%。初步结果表明，明胶/AgNPs 材料可用于低能量放射治疗源的辐射剂量测定。
{"title":"Investigation of silver nanoparticles embedded in extracted gelatins from camel, bovine, and fish bones for possible use in radiation dosimetry","authors":"Thaar K. Alrashidi, Alwaleed Aljuhani, Faisal Almugaiteeb, Nacer Badi, Hatem A. Al-Aoh, Saleh A. Alghamdi, Abdulrhman M Alsharari, Ahmed Obaid M Alzahrani, Khaled Almalki","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Gelatins from camel, bovine, and fish bones were successfully extracted by using chemical pretreatment and heating methods. The bones were demineralized for 3 days at ambient temperature using hydrochloric acid solutions (0.5–1 M), and the collagen was partially hydrolyzed by preheating in distilled water at 75–80°C for 3 h, followed by extraction temperature at 90°C for 1 h. Free-standing films of gelatin entrained with silver nanoparticles (Gel/AgNPs) at low concentrations (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mM) were synthesized as radiation dosimeters. A high-energy ultrasonic homogenizer was used to dissolve the gelatin in distilled water and to disperse the AgNPs in the gelatin. The nanocomposites’ morphology and crystallinity were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical absorption, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. Dose enhancement was assessed using X-ray irradiations with beam energies below and above silver K-edge. The beam was configured by setting the X-ray generator at 15, 25.5, and 35 kV potential and a beam current of 1 mA. An X-ray detector is used to detect the number of electrons after passing through Gel/AgNPs samples. The use of AgNPs embedded in gelatin caused the enhancement of X-ray radiation absorption, and the highest percentage of linearity for the dosimeter was found to be 90% in the optical range of 395 nm to 425 nm. The preliminary results demonstrated that Gel/AgNPs material may be used in radiation dosimetry for low-energy radiotherapy sources.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Juarez-Tapia, H. García-Ortiz, M. Pérez-Labra, J. A. Romero-Serrano, M. Reyes-Pérez, A. Hernández-Ramirez, V. Acosta-Sanchez, A.M. Teja-Ruiz, I.A. Reyes-Dominguez
Mortar mixtures were prepared by partial replacement of Portland cement with 0%, 10%, and 15% of residual fly ash to determine the structural evolution and compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Portlandite, calcite, ettringite, iron oxide, silicon oxide, and sillimanite were identified in the standard mortar, and, additionally, magnetite was identified in the mortar with 10% and 15% fly ash. X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to portlandite and ettringite increased in intensity with increasing curing time as a result of the consolidation of mineral species. The SEM analysis revealed that the standard mortar contained mainly portlandite and ettringite at 28 days, while the samples with 10% and 15% fly ash contained particles of fly ash coated with portlandite and ettringite, particles with a smooth surface, and particles of fly ash with signs of attack on their surfaces. The sc increased when the age of the mortar and the substitution of Portland cement by fly ash was increased from 3 to 28 days and from 0 to 15%, respectively.
{"title":"Residual fly ash from pyrometallurgical processes as a partial replacement for Portland cement in mortars: a study of structural evolution and determination of compressive strength","authors":"J. C. Juarez-Tapia, H. García-Ortiz, M. Pérez-Labra, J. A. Romero-Serrano, M. Reyes-Pérez, A. Hernández-Ramirez, V. Acosta-Sanchez, A.M. Teja-Ruiz, I.A. Reyes-Dominguez","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0050","url":null,"abstract":"Mortar mixtures were prepared by partial replacement of Portland cement with 0%, 10%, and 15% of residual fly ash to determine the structural evolution and compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Portlandite, calcite, ettringite, iron oxide, silicon oxide, and sillimanite were identified in the standard mortar, and, additionally, magnetite was identified in the mortar with 10% and 15% fly ash. X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to portlandite and ettringite increased in intensity with increasing curing time as a result of the consolidation of mineral species. The SEM analysis revealed that the standard mortar contained mainly portlandite and ettringite at 28 days, while the samples with 10% and 15% fly ash contained particles of fly ash coated with portlandite and ettringite, particles with a smooth surface, and particles of fly ash with signs of attack on their surfaces. The sc increased when the age of the mortar and the substitution of Portland cement by fly ash was increased from 3 to 28 days and from 0 to 15%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil is a critical raw material for energy and industry, the depletion of conventional oil reserves necessitates efficient extraction and production of unconventional resources like acidic crude oil. However, its high viscosity poses significant challenges for transportation and processing. To address these challenges, this study developed a novel emulsion viscosity reducer. We designed a nanofluid based on a synergistic polyetheramine/nanofluid system consisting of alkyl ethoxy polyglycosides (AEG) as a green surfactant, SiO2 nanoparticles, and an organic alkali polyetheramine. The mixture was evaluated for its viscosity reduction and emulsification performance with acidic crude oi obtained from Qinghe oil production plant in Shengli Oilfield. The results showed that the optimized viscosity reducer achieved a remarkable reduction rate of 98.1% at 50◦C in crude oil viscosity from 6862 mPa·s to 129 mPa·s. This demonstrated the reducer effectively transformed acidic crude oil into a low viscosity oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion with high stability. Furthermore, the core imbibition simulation tests demonstrated that the viscosity reducer could improve the recovery of acidic crude oil from 29.6% to 49.4%, indicating the potential application of the optimized viscosity reducer in the exploitation of acidic crude oil. In conclusion, this study developed a novel emulsion viscosity reducer, which can reduce the viscosity and improve recovery of acidic crude oil by emulsifying into O/W emulsion. The optimized formula has potential for practical application in the exploitation of acidic crude oil.
{"title":"Synergistic emulsification of polyetheramine/nanofluid system as a novel viscosity reducer of acidic crude oil","authors":"Yang Cao, Yanlin Guo, Tao Wu, Dejun Sun","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Oil is a critical raw material for energy and industry, the depletion of conventional oil reserves necessitates efficient extraction and production of unconventional resources like acidic crude oil. However, its high viscosity poses significant challenges for transportation and processing. To address these challenges, this study developed a novel emulsion viscosity reducer. We designed a nanofluid based on a synergistic polyetheramine/nanofluid system consisting of alkyl ethoxy polyglycosides (AEG) as a green surfactant, SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles, and an organic alkali polyetheramine. The mixture was evaluated for its viscosity reduction and emulsification performance with acidic crude oi obtained from Qinghe oil production plant in Shengli Oilfield. The results showed that the optimized viscosity reducer achieved a remarkable reduction rate of 98.1% at 50◦C in crude oil viscosity from 6862 mPa·s to 129 mPa·s. This demonstrated the reducer effectively transformed acidic crude oil into a low viscosity oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion with high stability. Furthermore, the core imbibition simulation tests demonstrated that the viscosity reducer could improve the recovery of acidic crude oil from 29.6% to 49.4%, indicating the potential application of the optimized viscosity reducer in the exploitation of acidic crude oil. In conclusion, this study developed a novel emulsion viscosity reducer, which can reduce the viscosity and improve recovery of acidic crude oil by emulsifying into O/W emulsion. The optimized formula has potential for practical application in the exploitation of acidic crude oil.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140312276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, low Young’s modulus, highly porous Ta-Nb-Sn alloy foam was manufactured by using the space holder method. The aim of this study is development of an alloy with high wear resistance, with Young’s modulus, with good imaging (MRI, CT) properties, and with high bioactivity. Ta alloy foam can be used in spinal applications (intervertebral disc) or dental applications. The space holder method enables the manufacturing of open-cell foam with a low elastic modulus. Powder mixtures were prepared through mechanical alloying. Carbamide was used to form pores. Ta has suitable strength, ductility, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Ta has high price, however, and a high melting temperature, high activity, and high density. Nb addition lowered the melting temperature, elastic modulus, and cost of using Ta. The sinterability of Ta was enhanced by Sn addition. The corrosion behaviour of Ta alloy was examined. Young’s modulus was determined by compression and ultrasonic tests. Tomography and radiography tests were also used.
本研究采用空间支架法制造了低杨氏模量、高多孔性的 Ta-Nb-Sn 合金泡沫。这项研究的目的是开发一种具有高耐磨性、高杨氏模量、良好的成像（MRI、CT）性能和高生物活性的合金。Ta 合金泡沫可用于脊柱应用（椎间盘）或牙科应用。空间夹持法可以制造弹性模量较低的开孔泡沫。粉末混合物是通过机械合金化方法制备的。碳酰胺用于形成孔隙。Ta 具有合适的强度、延展性、耐腐蚀性和生物相容性。然而，Ta 价格昂贵，熔化温度高，活性高，密度大。添加 Nb 可降低 Ta 的熔化温度、弹性模量和使用成本。添加 Sn 后，Ta 的烧结性得到增强。对 Ta 合金的腐蚀行为进行了研究。通过压缩和超声波测试确定了杨氏模量。还使用了断层扫描和射线照相测试。
{"title":"Mechanical and corrosion properties of highly porous Ta-Nb-Sn alloy for intervertebral disc in spinal applications","authors":"Berk Atay, Ilven Mutlu","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, low Young’s modulus, highly porous Ta-Nb-Sn alloy foam was manufactured by using the space holder method. The aim of this study is development of an alloy with high wear resistance, with Young’s modulus, with good imaging (MRI, CT) properties, and with high bioactivity. Ta alloy foam can be used in spinal applications (intervertebral disc) or dental applications. The space holder method enables the manufacturing of open-cell foam with a low elastic modulus. Powder mixtures were prepared through mechanical alloying. Carbamide was used to form pores. Ta has suitable strength, ductility, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Ta has high price, however, and a high melting temperature, high activity, and high density. Nb addition lowered the melting temperature, elastic modulus, and cost of using Ta. The sinterability of Ta was enhanced by Sn addition. The corrosion behaviour of Ta alloy was examined. Young’s modulus was determined by compression and ultrasonic tests. Tomography and radiography tests were also used.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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