This study investigates the impact of high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide on the steel-cement interface, crucial in engineering structures and carbon capture storage systems. Experiments conducted on N80 steel and ordinary portland cement in synthetic aquifer brine revealed that CO2 exposure significantly exacerbates steel corrosion and cement degradation. The corrosion current density of steel increased to 1.2 μA/cm2 after six months in CO2, compared to 0.3 μA/cm2 in unexposed samples. Cement samples showed a marked decline in mechanical properties, with hardness reducing from 1.25 GPa (giga-Pascal) in control samples to 0.65 GPa after six months. The steel—cement interface integrity also diminished, as evidenced by a decrease in acoustic impedance from 45.0 M-Rayl to 34.0 M-Rayl over six months. These results emphasize the need for advanced materials and strategies to enhance the durability and safety of structures in CO2-rich environments.
{"title":"Investigating the steel–cement interface in high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide environments","authors":"Ge Zhu","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide on the steel-cement interface, crucial in engineering structures and carbon capture storage systems. Experiments conducted on N80 steel and ordinary portland cement in synthetic aquifer brine revealed that CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> exposure significantly exacerbates steel corrosion and cement degradation. The corrosion current density of steel increased to 1.2 <jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>A/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> after six months in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, compared to 0.3 <jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>A/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> in unexposed samples. Cement samples showed a marked decline in mechanical properties, with hardness reducing from 1.25 GPa (giga-Pascal) in control samples to 0.65 GPa after six months. The steel—cement interface integrity also diminished, as evidenced by a decrease in acoustic impedance from 45.0 M-Rayl to 34.0 M-Rayl over six months. These results emphasize the need for advanced materials and strategies to enhance the durability and safety of structures in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-rich environments.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intricate interaction between supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and cementitious systems profoundly influences the performance and sustainability of cementitious composites. This study explores the microstructural evolution of fly ash (FA)-modified cement paste by employing a three-dimensional cement hydration and microstructure development (CEMHYD3D) modeling package. Through comprehensive simulations, the influence of varying FA content on hydration phase evolution and pore structure within the cementitious system is revealed. As the proportion of FA within the cementitious mixtures increases, there is a substantial enhancement in the rate of hydration. Notably, the incorporation of FA introduces a significant augmentation in the hydration rate, a phenomenon with potential implications for the long-term performance of FA-modified cementitious materials. The prediction results also highlight that increasing FA substitution in cement leads to finer and more interconnected pore networks due to the pozzolanic reaction. These perceptions hold significant implications for optimizing cementitious mixes and advancing sustainable construction practices. The model-predicted results have been validated with experiments, and they are successful in predicting the microstructural evolution in FA-modified cement paste. In summary, the prediction model bridges the theoretical and practical implementation gaps by providing a thorough understanding of the microstructural evolution of FA-modified cement paste. Furthermore, it provides invaluable guidance for tailoring FA-blended cement compositions, thus promoting their enhanced performance and sustainability in the realm of cementitious materials.
辅助胶凝材料（SCM）与胶凝体系之间错综复杂的相互作用深刻影响着水泥基复合材料的性能和可持续性。本研究采用三维水泥水化和微结构发展（CEMHYD3D）建模软件包，探讨了粉煤灰（FA）改性水泥浆的微结构演变。通过综合模拟，揭示了不同 FA 含量对水泥基体系内水化相演变和孔隙结构的影响。随着水泥基混合物中 FA 所占比例的增加，水化速率也会大幅提高。值得注意的是，FA 的加入显著提高了水化速率，这一现象对 FA 改性水泥基材料的长期性能具有潜在影响。预测结果还突显出，由于水泥中的毛细管反应，FA 取代量的增加会导致孔隙网络更加细小和相互连接更加紧密。这些观点对于优化水泥基混合材料和推进可持续建筑实践具有重要意义。模型预测结果已通过实验验证，并成功预测了 FA 改性水泥浆的微观结构演变。总之，该预测模型提供了对 FA 改性水泥浆微观结构演变的透彻理解，从而弥合了理论与实际应用之间的差距。此外，它还为定制 FA 混合水泥成分提供了宝贵的指导，从而提高了水泥基材料的性能和可持续性。
{"title":"Prediction of microstructural evolution in fly ash-modified cementitious system: A computational study","authors":"Andualem E. Yadeta, Pradeep K. Goyal, Raju Sarkar","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"The intricate interaction between supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and cementitious systems profoundly influences the performance and sustainability of cementitious composites. This study explores the microstructural evolution of fly ash (FA)-modified cement paste by employing a three-dimensional cement hydration and microstructure development (CEMHYD3D) modeling package. Through comprehensive simulations, the influence of varying FA content on hydration phase evolution and pore structure within the cementitious system is revealed. As the proportion of FA within the cementitious mixtures increases, there is a substantial enhancement in the rate of hydration. Notably, the incorporation of FA introduces a significant augmentation in the hydration rate, a phenomenon with potential implications for the long-term performance of FA-modified cementitious materials. The prediction results also highlight that increasing FA substitution in cement leads to finer and more interconnected pore networks due to the pozzolanic reaction. These perceptions hold significant implications for optimizing cementitious mixes and advancing sustainable construction practices. The model-predicted results have been validated with experiments, and they are successful in predicting the microstructural evolution in FA-modified cement paste. In summary, the prediction model bridges the theoretical and practical implementation gaps by providing a thorough understanding of the microstructural evolution of FA-modified cement paste. Furthermore, it provides invaluable guidance for tailoring FA-blended cement compositions, thus promoting their enhanced performance and sustainability in the realm of cementitious materials.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Salah Nasr, Moslih Amer Salih, Ali Shubbar, Mayadah W. Falah, Aref A. Abadel
Solid waste management is a significant environmental issue for countries because of the need for huge landfills. The ceramic tile waste powder (CWP) is one of the wastes. Conversely, cement production, the main ingredient in concrete, emits large quantities of greenhouse gases, a significant environmental concern. Therefore, substituting some of the cement in concrete with CWP is an issue that deserves investigation to reduce the environmental impact of both materials. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the influence of the grinding time and proportion of CWP as a substitute for cement on the properties of high-strength mortar (HSM). Three grinding times (10, 15, and 20 minutes) and three replacement percentages (10%, 20%, and 30% by weight) for CWP were adopted for each time. Ten mixtures (including the reference mixture) were executed. The fresh (flow rate), mechanical (compressive strength) durability (ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic elastic modulus, water absorption, density, percentage of voids and electrical resistivity) and microstructural properties were examined. The life cycle assessment (LCA) was also addressed. The results showed that the mechanical activation had a pronounced effect on the durability properties (especially water absorption and percentage of voids) more than on the compressive strength. Generally, a sustainable HSM (with more than 70 MPa of compressive strength) can be produced in which 30% of the cement was replaced with CWP with almost comparable performance to the CWP-free mortar. Furthermore, LCA results showed that mortars containing 30% CWP ground for 15 mins (GT15CWP30) had the lowest GWP per MPa.
{"title":"Influence of mechanical activation on the behavior of green high-strength mortar including ceramic waste","authors":"Mohammed Salah Nasr, Moslih Amer Salih, Ali Shubbar, Mayadah W. Falah, Aref A. Abadel","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management is a significant environmental issue for countries because of the need for huge landfills. The ceramic tile waste powder (CWP) is one of the wastes. Conversely, cement production, the main ingredient in concrete, emits large quantities of greenhouse gases, a significant environmental concern. Therefore, substituting some of the cement in concrete with CWP is an issue that deserves investigation to reduce the environmental impact of both materials. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the influence of the grinding time and proportion of CWP as a substitute for cement on the properties of high-strength mortar (HSM). Three grinding times (10, 15, and 20 minutes) and three replacement percentages (10%, 20%, and 30% by weight) for CWP were adopted for each time. Ten mixtures (including the reference mixture) were executed. The fresh (flow rate), mechanical (compressive strength) durability (ultrasonic pulse velocity, dynamic elastic modulus, water absorption, density, percentage of voids and electrical resistivity) and microstructural properties were examined. The life cycle assessment (LCA) was also addressed. The results showed that the mechanical activation had a pronounced effect on the durability properties (especially water absorption and percentage of voids) more than on the compressive strength. Generally, a sustainable HSM (with more than 70 MPa of compressive strength) can be produced in which 30% of the cement was replaced with CWP with almost comparable performance to the CWP-free mortar. Furthermore, LCA results showed that mortars containing 30% CWP ground for 15 mins (GT15CWP30) had the lowest GWP per MPa.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140204167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contains a review of selected studies conducted in the field of corrosion resistance of precipitation-hardenable 7000 series aluminum alloys. In particular, it discusses the effect of heat treatment and the role of thus formed microstructure on the corrosion behavior of these alloys. The article presents the three types of corrosion that occur most commonly in this group of materials in the context of their microstructure. It points to the importance of the chemical composition of a 7000 alloy, including the precipitates present in the microstructure, for the development of corrosion. The aluminum solid solution can act as an anode or cathode in relation to intermetallic particles. Such corrosion features may result in the destruction of the surfaces of elements made of the 7000 series aluminum alloy. It also raises the issue of the mechanism of corrosive destruction of the aluminum solid solution, which is connected with a crystallographic attack. In the case of this process, the nature of the micro-pits formed as a result of their local dissolution is related to the privileged dissolution of specific crystallographic planes and directions.
{"title":"Metallurgical aspects of the corrosion resistance of 7000 series aluminum alloys – a review","authors":"Marzena Małgorzata Lachowicz","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"This article contains a review of selected studies conducted in the field of corrosion resistance of precipitation-hardenable 7000 series aluminum alloys. In particular, it discusses the effect of heat treatment and the role of thus formed microstructure on the corrosion behavior of these alloys. The article presents the three types of corrosion that occur most commonly in this group of materials in the context of their microstructure. It points to the importance of the chemical composition of a 7000 alloy, including the precipitates present in the microstructure, for the development of corrosion. The aluminum solid solution can act as an anode or cathode in relation to intermetallic particles. Such corrosion features may result in the destruction of the surfaces of elements made of the 7000 series aluminum alloy. It also raises the issue of the mechanism of corrosive destruction of the aluminum solid solution, which is connected with a crystallographic attack. In the case of this process, the nature of the micro-pits formed as a result of their local dissolution is related to the privileged dissolution of specific crystallographic planes and directions.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The crescent-shaped microstructure bionic to the slip zone of the slippery zone of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes was fabricated on the surface of copper foil by laser shock imprinting (LSI). The microstructure of crescent-shaped grooves was initially fabricated on the surface of the micro-mold by etching, and then the microstructure was replicated on the surface of copper foil through plastic deformation under laser shock loading. Increasing the laser shock energy or the number of shocks can increase the degree of replication of the crescent-shaped microstructure, the height of the crescent-shaped microstructure, and the contact angle of water droplets on the surface. The wettability of the surface of the crescent microstructure is anisotropic and increases with an increase in offset distance. The anisotropy of the crescent-shaped microstructure causes the solid–liquid contact line in the direction of the bottom of the arc to become a long and approximately straight line. According to the rule that controlling LSI processing parameters can fabricate surfaces with different heights and wettability, a gradient wetting surface consisting of crescent-shaped microstructures was designed to achieve the directional spreading of droplets. By altering the distribution of crescent-shaped microstructures, a type-I flow channel with the ability to limit the spreading range of water droplets was fabricated.
通过激光冲击压印（LSI）技术，在铜箔表面制造出了仿生多肉植物尼泊金（Nepenthes）滑动区的新月形微结构。首先通过蚀刻在微模具表面形成新月形凹槽的微观结构，然后在激光冲击加载下通过塑性变形将微观结构复制到铜箔表面。增加激光冲击能量或冲击次数可提高新月形微结构的复制程度、新月形微结构的高度以及表面水滴的接触角。新月形微结构表面的润湿性是各向异性的，随着偏移距离的增加而增加。月牙形微观结构的各向异性导致圆弧底部方向上的固液接触线成为一条近似直线的长线。根据控制 LSI 加工参数可以制造出不同高度和润湿性表面的规律，我们设计了一种由月牙形微结构组成的梯度润湿表面，以实现液滴的定向扩散。通过改变新月形微结构的分布，制造出了一种能够限制水滴扩散范围的 I 型流道。
{"title":"Fabrication of biomimetic anisotropic crescent-shaped microstructured surfaces by laser shock imprinting","authors":"Jie Ji, Kangnan Meng, Pin Li, Zongbao Shen","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"The crescent-shaped microstructure bionic to the slip zone of the slippery zone of the carnivorous plant genus <jats:italic>Nepenthes</jats:italic> was fabricated on the surface of copper foil by laser shock imprinting (LSI). The microstructure of crescent-shaped grooves was initially fabricated on the surface of the micro-mold by etching, and then the microstructure was replicated on the surface of copper foil through plastic deformation under laser shock loading. Increasing the laser shock energy or the number of shocks can increase the degree of replication of the crescent-shaped microstructure, the height of the crescent-shaped microstructure, and the contact angle of water droplets on the surface. The wettability of the surface of the crescent microstructure is anisotropic and increases with an increase in offset distance. The anisotropy of the crescent-shaped microstructure causes the solid–liquid contact line in the direction of the bottom of the arc to become a long and approximately straight line. According to the rule that controlling LSI processing parameters can fabricate surfaces with different heights and wettability, a gradient wetting surface consisting of crescent-shaped microstructures was designed to achieve the directional spreading of droplets. By altering the distribution of crescent-shaped microstructures, a type-I flow channel with the ability to limit the spreading range of water droplets was fabricated.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physico-chemical and mechanical features of endodontic sealers are essential functional properties involved in their sealing ability, osteoconductivity, and biocompatibility. Four different root canal sealers (Ceraseal, MTA Fillapex, AH Plus and Sealapex) were investigated in this study in order to evaluate the thermal and nanomechanical features in relation to their bioactivity potential. The nano-hardness values respected the descendent trend: HCeraseal >HSealapex >HMTA >HAHPlus, being influenced by the percent of the inorganic component in the samples, identified as residual mass in TGA/DTG (Thermogravimetrical Analysis/ Derivative Thermogravimetry) thermograms. Based on electrochemical measurement in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) and surface investigations by SEM/EDX, we found that the bioactivity potential decreased in the following order: Ceraseal > MTA Fillapex >AH Plus >Sealapex. The highest bioactivity in the case of Ceraseal was evidenced in terms of apatite-like spherulites observed to cover the surface after 28 days incubation in SBF, and Ca/P ratio 1.71, along with the dynamic release and consumption of Ca2+ and PO3− in SBF. On the opposite side, lack of mineralization was noticed on the surface of Sealapex sample. Knowledge about the proper thermo-mechanical, biological and physico-chemical properties of the root canal materials is important in order to allow a correct material selection, either as premixed or two-component formulation, requiring good sealing or immediate therapeutic effect.
{"title":"Evaluating the bioactivity of endodontic sealers with respect to their thermo-nanomechanical properties","authors":"Andreea Marica, Luminita Fritea, Florin Banica, Iosif Hulka, Gerlinde Rusu, Cosmin Sinescu, Traian Octavian Costea, Simona Cavalu","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Physico-chemical and mechanical features of endodontic sealers are essential functional properties involved in their sealing ability, osteoconductivity, and biocompatibility. Four different root canal sealers (Ceraseal, MTA Fillapex, AH Plus and Sealapex) were investigated in this study in order to evaluate the thermal and nanomechanical features in relation to their bioactivity potential. The nano-hardness values respected the descendent trend: H<jats:sub>Ceraseal</jats:sub> >H<jats:sub>Sealapex</jats:sub> >H<jats:sub>MTA</jats:sub> >H<jats:sub>AHPlus</jats:sub>, being influenced by the percent of the inorganic component in the samples, identified as residual mass in TGA/DTG (Thermogravimetrical Analysis/ Derivative Thermogravimetry) thermograms. Based on electrochemical measurement in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) and surface investigations by SEM/EDX, we found that the bioactivity potential decreased in the following order: Ceraseal > MTA Fillapex >AH Plus >Sealapex. The highest bioactivity in the case of Ceraseal was evidenced in terms of apatite-like spherulites observed to cover the surface after 28 days incubation in SBF, and Ca/P ratio 1.71, along with the dynamic release and consumption of Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> and PO<jats:sup>3−</jats:sup> in SBF. On the opposite side, lack of mineralization was noticed on the surface of Sealapex sample. Knowledge about the proper thermo-mechanical, biological and physico-chemical properties of the root canal materials is important in order to allow a correct material selection, either as premixed or two-component formulation, requiring good sealing or immediate therapeutic effect.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139910376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous factors play a pivotal role in shaping the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of electrodeposited Ni-Cr alloy coatings. This study delves into the deposition of Ni-Cr alloy coatings on AISI 1040 steel, examining the influence of saccharin additives within the electrodeposition bath. Specifically, the concentration of saccharin within the solution was varied over a range of 0 to 2 g/l. Following the electrodeposition process, a comprehensive array of characterization techniques was employed, encompassing 2D surface roughness analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and assessments of wear and corrosion performance. The characterization results of this article reveal a compelling difference between saccharin-free Ni-Cr coatings and their saccharin-modified counterparts. Notably, microcracks, a common occurrence in saccharin-free coatings, were suppressed in the saccharin-modified Ni-Cr coatings. Additionally, the latter exhibited a smoother and more uniform surface texture. A crucial observation was that the introduction of saccharin into the bath was directly associated with an increased incorporation of chromium within the coatings, resulting in higher nanohardness values. Furthermore, the residual stress within the coatings shifted from tensile to compression as saccharin concentrations increased. Concurrently, surface roughness and wear rates exhibited a consistent downward trend with increasing saccharin concentrations in the solution. The most significant findings were seen in the domain of corrosion resistance. Saccharin-modified Ni-Cr coatings outperformed the bare steel substrate and saccharin-free Ni-Cr coatings. Intriguingly, the enhancement of corrosion resistance was not linearly proportional to saccharin concentration; the optimal corrosion resistance was achieved at a concentration of 1 g/l.
{"title":"Effect of saccharin addition on formation, wear and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Ni-Cr coatings","authors":"Mehmet Demir, Erdoğan Kanca, İsmail Hakki Karahan","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous factors play a pivotal role in shaping the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of electrodeposited Ni-Cr alloy coatings. This study delves into the deposition of Ni-Cr alloy coatings on AISI 1040 steel, examining the influence of saccharin additives within the electrodeposition bath. Specifically, the concentration of saccharin within the solution was varied over a range of 0 to 2 g/l. Following the electrodeposition process, a comprehensive array of characterization techniques was employed, encompassing 2D surface roughness analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and assessments of wear and corrosion performance. The characterization results of this article reveal a compelling difference between saccharin-free Ni-Cr coatings and their saccharin-modified counterparts. Notably, microcracks, a common occurrence in saccharin-free coatings, were suppressed in the saccharin-modified Ni-Cr coatings. Additionally, the latter exhibited a smoother and more uniform surface texture. A crucial observation was that the introduction of saccharin into the bath was directly associated with an increased incorporation of chromium within the coatings, resulting in higher nanohardness values. Furthermore, the residual stress within the coatings shifted from tensile to compression as saccharin concentrations increased. Concurrently, surface roughness and wear rates exhibited a consistent downward trend with increasing saccharin concentrations in the solution. The most significant findings were seen in the domain of corrosion resistance. Saccharin-modified Ni-Cr coatings outperformed the bare steel substrate and saccharin-free Ni-Cr coatings. Intriguingly, the enhancement of corrosion resistance was not linearly proportional to saccharin concentration; the optimal corrosion resistance was achieved at a concentration of 1 g/l.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139646078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The large amount of waste mud generated during construction projects makes it difficult to implement closed-loop on-site treatment, resulting in the inability to achieve zero emissions, which not only wastes land resources but also pollutes the environment. This article first studied the flocculation effect and mechanism of two flocculants. Then, the treated sediment was used to prepare fluidized solidified soil, and the effect of flocculants in the sediment on the performance of fluidized solidified soil was studied. Finally, this technology of flocculation and re-solidification was applied in engineering. The results showed that the composite effect of adding PAC flocculant first and then APAM flocculant in the mud had the best mud-water separation effect. The soil was combined with the flocculants to prepare fluidized solidified soil that can effectively improve the strength and water stability of the solidified soil. Through engineering applications, it has been proven that closed-loop utilization of engineering waste mud can be achieved on-site. Therefore, this work provides a new method for achieving zero emissions through closed-loop utilization of engineering waste mud on-site and innovative experience for the construction of “waste-free cities”.
{"title":"Research on closed-loop utilization of engineering waste mud in engineering sites","authors":"Jinsheng Zhan, Shichun Zhao","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"The large amount of waste mud generated during construction projects makes it difficult to implement closed-loop on-site treatment, resulting in the inability to achieve zero emissions, which not only wastes land resources but also pollutes the environment. This article first studied the flocculation effect and mechanism of two flocculants. Then, the treated sediment was used to prepare fluidized solidified soil, and the effect of flocculants in the sediment on the performance of fluidized solidified soil was studied. Finally, this technology of flocculation and re-solidification was applied in engineering. The results showed that the composite effect of adding PAC flocculant first and then APAM flocculant in the mud had the best mud-water separation effect. The soil was combined with the flocculants to prepare fluidized solidified soil that can effectively improve the strength and water stability of the solidified soil. Through engineering applications, it has been proven that closed-loop utilization of engineering waste mud can be achieved on-site. Therefore, this work provides a new method for achieving zero emissions through closed-loop utilization of engineering waste mud on-site and innovative experience for the construction of “waste-free cities”.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139646086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sami Masadeh, Shadi Al khateeb, Almontaser Bellah Ajlouni
To inhibit pitting corrosion of AISI 304 stainless steel (SS), the effect of different percentages of frankincense addition to a 0.5 M ferric chloride solution was explored in this work for the first time. The samples were investigated for pitting corrosion susceptibility via electrochemical noise (EN) tests, where the current and potential noises were recorded for 10000 seconds, and potentiodynamic polarization. The frequency domain of EN data was analyzed using power spectral density (PSD). Frankincense addition to the ferric chloride solution effectively reduced the pitting corrosion of AISI 304 SS. The pitting inhibition was concluded from the high fluctuations in current noises over the test period, its decreasing amplitude, the greater positive potential, the lower current values, and the lower spectral noise and noise resistances with increasing frankincense additions. Optical microscope images supported pitting inhibition with frankincense addition, where pits decreased in number per mm2 and size. A significant decrease in the pit size and pits mm−2 was observed with the 10 wt.% frankincense addition. It was attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor on the stainless steel surface, inhibiting the adsorption of chloride ions. Additionally, frankincense addition reduced the corrosion current and increased the corrosion potential positively.
为了抑制 AISI 304 不锈钢（SS）的点蚀，本研究首次探讨了在 0.5 M 氯化铁溶液中添加不同比例乳香的效果。通过电化学噪声（EN）测试（记录 10000 秒的电流和电位噪声）和电位极化，对样品的点蚀敏感性进行了研究。使用功率谱密度（PSD）对 EN 数据的频域进行了分析。在氯化铁溶液中添加乳香可有效减少 AISI 304 SS 的点腐蚀。随着乳香添加量的增加，测试期间的电流噪声波动较大，振幅逐渐减小，正电势增大，电流值降低，频谱噪声和噪声阻抗降低，由此得出点蚀抑制的结论。光学显微镜图像显示，添加乳香可抑制点蚀，每平方毫米的点蚀数量和大小都有所减少。乳香添加量为 10 wt.%时，凹坑大小和凹坑平方毫米数明显减少。这是因为不锈钢表面吸附了抑制剂，抑制了氯离子的吸附。此外，乳香的添加还降低了腐蚀电流，并正向提高了腐蚀电位。
{"title":"Enhancing pitting corrosion inhibition of AISI 304 stainless steel using a green frankincense-modified ferric chloride solution","authors":"Sami Masadeh, Shadi Al khateeb, Almontaser Bellah Ajlouni","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"To inhibit pitting corrosion of AISI 304 stainless steel (SS), the effect of different percentages of frankincense addition to a 0.5 M ferric chloride solution was explored in this work for the first time. The samples were investigated for pitting corrosion susceptibility via electrochemical noise (EN) tests, where the current and potential noises were recorded for 10000 seconds, and potentiodynamic polarization. The frequency domain of EN data was analyzed using power spectral density (PSD). Frankincense addition to the ferric chloride solution effectively reduced the pitting corrosion of AISI 304 SS. The pitting inhibition was concluded from the high fluctuations in current noises over the test period, its decreasing amplitude, the greater positive potential, the lower current values, and the lower spectral noise and noise resistances with increasing frankincense additions. Optical microscope images supported pitting inhibition with frankincense addition, where pits decreased in number per mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and size. A significant decrease in the pit size and pits mm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> was observed with the 10 wt.% frankincense addition. It was attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor on the stainless steel surface, inhibiting the adsorption of chloride ions. Additionally, frankincense addition reduced the corrosion current and increased the corrosion potential positively.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139645827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of flow forming tests for the 6060 aluminum alloy in the T5 heat treatment condition. The tests were conducted on a cylindrical mandrel using two forming rollers without the use of a cooling agent. The purpose of the study was to conduct two experiments. In both experiments, the final gap between the roller and the mandrel was designed to be the same. The impact of the deformation value on the change in the mechanical properties of the material with the simultaneous impact of the number of forming passes was determined. In addition, the effect of the elimination of a coolant on the process was analyzed. The material temperature rise caused by friction between a pair of working parts: the roller—and the workpiece—were examined with a thermal imaging camera. This paper presents the results of microhardness tests and analyzes the impact of the forming parameters on the strength properties of the alloy. Because the forming process was done without cooling, the impact of the temperature prevailing during the deformation process on the change in the strength of the alloy was studied and analyzed. The deformation zone in which intensive grain deformation took place was determined.
{"title":"Research on the effect of temperature increase during flow forming without cooling on 6060 aluminum alloy","authors":"Tomasz Gądek, Marcin Majewski","doi":"10.2478/msp-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of flow forming tests for the 6060 aluminum alloy in the T5 heat treatment condition. The tests were conducted on a cylindrical mandrel using two forming rollers without the use of a cooling agent. The purpose of the study was to conduct two experiments. In both experiments, the final gap between the roller and the mandrel was designed to be the same. The impact of the deformation value on the change in the mechanical properties of the material with the simultaneous impact of the number of forming passes was determined. In addition, the effect of the elimination of a coolant on the process was analyzed. The material temperature rise caused by friction between a pair of working parts: the roller—and the workpiece—were examined with a thermal imaging camera. This paper presents the results of microhardness tests and analyzes the impact of the forming parameters on the strength properties of the alloy. Because the forming process was done without cooling, the impact of the temperature prevailing during the deformation process on the change in the strength of the alloy was studied and analyzed. The deformation zone in which intensive grain deformation took place was determined.","PeriodicalId":18269,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science-Poland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139497546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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