Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2061061
Y. Hsu
ABSTRACT Shipowners, whether chartering out ships or using ships to carry goods, want their ships to sail safely in accordance with conventions and regulations. Shipowners must constantly maintain and repair the structure, engine and marine equipment of ships to ensure their seaworthiness. All these rely on the assistance of ship classification societies (CLASSs). With their reputation of fairness and profession, CLASSs offer ship surveys and audits to assist shipowners in safely managing their ships. CLASSs also follow current and future shipping development trends and provide international maritime organizations (IMO) and flag states (FLAGs) with information to safely operate ships in an environmentally friendly manner, thereby fulfilling their social responsibility to protect those at sea and the marine environment. This study utilized the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method to assess of criteria of CLASSs and also investigated the practices of Taiwanese shipowners. The results revealed that the top three criteria shipowners considered when assessing CLASSs were emergency technical support service and timely response to accidents, membership in international association of classification societies (IACS), and surveyors’ adherence to the boarding schedule. A causal relationship diagram indicated CLASS technical ability as a cause dimension and shipowner operation cost as an effect dimension.
{"title":"Assessment of criteria of ship classification societies","authors":"Y. Hsu","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2061061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2061061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Shipowners, whether chartering out ships or using ships to carry goods, want their ships to sail safely in accordance with conventions and regulations. Shipowners must constantly maintain and repair the structure, engine and marine equipment of ships to ensure their seaworthiness. All these rely on the assistance of ship classification societies (CLASSs). With their reputation of fairness and profession, CLASSs offer ship surveys and audits to assist shipowners in safely managing their ships. CLASSs also follow current and future shipping development trends and provide international maritime organizations (IMO) and flag states (FLAGs) with information to safely operate ships in an environmentally friendly manner, thereby fulfilling their social responsibility to protect those at sea and the marine environment. This study utilized the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method to assess of criteria of CLASSs and also investigated the practices of Taiwanese shipowners. The results revealed that the top three criteria shipowners considered when assessing CLASSs were emergency technical support service and timely response to accidents, membership in international association of classification societies (IACS), and surveyors’ adherence to the boarding schedule. A causal relationship diagram indicated CLASS technical ability as a cause dimension and shipowner operation cost as an effect dimension.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47776893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-12DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2087238
Shunan Yu, Dongyue Niu, F. Liao, Yonglei Jiang
ABSTRACT With the deepening of the ‘Belt and Road (B&R)’ initiative (BRI), the trends of manufacturing relocation and diffusion along the B&R has accelerated. This paper first collects bilateral trade data of 16 categories of major commodities among 55 countries along the B&R for 2017. Second, according to current and future transportation accessibility, this paper constructs two types of topological networks among countries along the B&R from the perspectives of both competitive and complementary trade. Percolation theory is adopted to analyze the manufacturing diffusion trends and bottleneck links among the two types of topological trade networks, which provides a new perspective through which to study manufacturing relocation and diffusion patterns. The results show that (1) based on current transportation accessibility, main industries percolate and agglomerate among countries with rapid economic development along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and that (2) the improvement in the China-Europe Railway Express (CR Express) postpones diffusion trends and improves the relocation potential of Silk Road Economic Belt regions.
{"title":"Manufacturing diffusion trends from the perspective of trade network: the belt vs. the road","authors":"Shunan Yu, Dongyue Niu, F. Liao, Yonglei Jiang","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2087238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2087238","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the deepening of the ‘Belt and Road (B&R)’ initiative (BRI), the trends of manufacturing relocation and diffusion along the B&R has accelerated. This paper first collects bilateral trade data of 16 categories of major commodities among 55 countries along the B&R for 2017. Second, according to current and future transportation accessibility, this paper constructs two types of topological networks among countries along the B&R from the perspectives of both competitive and complementary trade. Percolation theory is adopted to analyze the manufacturing diffusion trends and bottleneck links among the two types of topological trade networks, which provides a new perspective through which to study manufacturing relocation and diffusion patterns. The results show that (1) based on current transportation accessibility, main industries percolate and agglomerate among countries with rapid economic development along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and that (2) the improvement in the China-Europe Railway Express (CR Express) postpones diffusion trends and improves the relocation potential of Silk Road Economic Belt regions.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47690980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2084788
Helen Sampson, N. Turgo, Wendy Cadge, S. Gilliat‐Ray, Graeme Smith
ABSTRACT In the context of the provisions of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, this paper draws on new qualitative data collected from seafarers’ welfare centres, charities involved in seafarers’ welfare service provision, seafarers, port chaplains and seafarers’ centre volunteers. It examines the kinds of port-based welfare services currently provided to seafarers, and whether these meet seafarers’ expectations/needs. It provides new data on the perspectives of chaplains and stakeholder organisations in relation to the provision of seafarers’ services and starkly reveals the contemporary funding challenges experienced by these individuals/groups. The paper critically appraises the current reliance by ports, shipping companies, and government entities on the provision of free welfare services for seafarers. It concludes that Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, guidance relating to the funding of seafarers’ welfare services requires strengthening and that the funding of seafarers’ welfare services in ports across the world requires remedial action.
{"title":"‘Overstretched and under-resourced’: the corporate neglect of port welfare services for seafarers","authors":"Helen Sampson, N. Turgo, Wendy Cadge, S. Gilliat‐Ray, Graeme Smith","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2084788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2084788","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the context of the provisions of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, this paper draws on new qualitative data collected from seafarers’ welfare centres, charities involved in seafarers’ welfare service provision, seafarers, port chaplains and seafarers’ centre volunteers. It examines the kinds of port-based welfare services currently provided to seafarers, and whether these meet seafarers’ expectations/needs. It provides new data on the perspectives of chaplains and stakeholder organisations in relation to the provision of seafarers’ services and starkly reveals the contemporary funding challenges experienced by these individuals/groups. The paper critically appraises the current reliance by ports, shipping companies, and government entities on the provision of free welfare services for seafarers. It concludes that Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, guidance relating to the funding of seafarers’ welfare services requires strengthening and that the funding of seafarers’ welfare services in ports across the world requires remedial action.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2081372
Yajing Li, Ming Yin, Khalid Khan, Chiwei Su
ABSTRACT In order to study the asymmetric multifractality in maritime shipping freight rates, we have resorted to the use of the novel approach of asymmetric Multifractality Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. This approach examines the maritime shipping freight response towards the downward and upward movements. The outcomes in this regard show that the major maritime shipping freight rates have multifractals, which tend to increase as the fractal scale also increases. Also, a higher level of multifractality is observed in the downward movements for the Baltic Dry Index, and the Baltic Clean Tanker Index, suggesting that both the indexes have been less efficient, and also unpredictable during the time period pertaining to the pandemic. Moreover, the multifractality is observed to be greater in the upside for the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index during the pandemic, and also in the full-time period. The results also propagate that the maritime shipping freight rates are inefficient, a situation that has been evidently visible during the time period pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic. The maritime shipping freight rates require special attention to monitor such sudden changes in the price dynamics, and following strict regulations is extremely critical in this regard.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on shipping freights: asymmetric multifractality analysis","authors":"Yajing Li, Ming Yin, Khalid Khan, Chiwei Su","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2081372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2081372","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In order to study the asymmetric multifractality in maritime shipping freight rates, we have resorted to the use of the novel approach of asymmetric Multifractality Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. This approach examines the maritime shipping freight response towards the downward and upward movements. The outcomes in this regard show that the major maritime shipping freight rates have multifractals, which tend to increase as the fractal scale also increases. Also, a higher level of multifractality is observed in the downward movements for the Baltic Dry Index, and the Baltic Clean Tanker Index, suggesting that both the indexes have been less efficient, and also unpredictable during the time period pertaining to the pandemic. Moreover, the multifractality is observed to be greater in the upside for the Baltic Dirty Tanker Index during the pandemic, and also in the full-time period. The results also propagate that the maritime shipping freight rates are inefficient, a situation that has been evidently visible during the time period pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic. The maritime shipping freight rates require special attention to monitor such sudden changes in the price dynamics, and following strict regulations is extremely critical in this regard.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46999672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2074161
Yassin Boullauazan, C. Sys, Thierry Vanelslander
ABSTRACT Increasing congestion and the push for (i) a greener modal shift, (ii) more reliability and visibility of goods, and (iii) more sustainable activities in and related to the port are turning policymakers to the concept of the smart port. Such emerging concept describes a future state of the port that is adapted to these challenges. A smart port is a port that optimizes in-, intra- and outbound flow of goods and information, leads sustainable development and guarantees safe, resilient and secure activities through the capabilities of its (extended) port community and enabling technologies. However, turning a traditional port into a smart port is a strategic challenge for the port community at large. To contribute to this practically relevant and academic challenge, the present paper applies a literature review and the novel maturity model development methodology to develop a strategic tool. This newly-developed strategic tool (i) enhances the common understanding of the current and aspired maturity state, (ii) support decision-making of port policy and management actors and (iii) represent a maturation path for improvement for port communities. The case study results demonstrate the benefits and relevance of the tool. Finally, recommendations are made to apply this policy tool for digitalization strategy.
{"title":"Developing and demonstrating a maturity model for smart ports","authors":"Yassin Boullauazan, C. Sys, Thierry Vanelslander","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2074161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2074161","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increasing congestion and the push for (i) a greener modal shift, (ii) more reliability and visibility of goods, and (iii) more sustainable activities in and related to the port are turning policymakers to the concept of the smart port. Such emerging concept describes a future state of the port that is adapted to these challenges. A smart port is a port that optimizes in-, intra- and outbound flow of goods and information, leads sustainable development and guarantees safe, resilient and secure activities through the capabilities of its (extended) port community and enabling technologies. However, turning a traditional port into a smart port is a strategic challenge for the port community at large. To contribute to this practically relevant and academic challenge, the present paper applies a literature review and the novel maturity model development methodology to develop a strategic tool. This newly-developed strategic tool (i) enhances the common understanding of the current and aspired maturity state, (ii) support decision-making of port policy and management actors and (iii) represent a maturation path for improvement for port communities. The case study results demonstrate the benefits and relevance of the tool. Finally, recommendations are made to apply this policy tool for digitalization strategy.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44468281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2068204
D. Bernacki, C. Lis
ABSTRACT This paper elaborates on forecasts in the road traffic and freight flows in the urban–port transport system to quantify the effects of the freight traffic performance considering road capacity expansion in a port city in Poland. The urban–port transport system was broken down into a subsystem of roads that lead directly to the port transshipment areas and a subsystem of urban roads with mixed freight and passenger traffic. The research resulted in an elaborated long-term forecast of freight and traffic flows in the porttransshipmenturban road system. Also, the impact of capacity improvements in the local transport system on port-related freight traffic performance was quantified using an incremental calculus for transport performance for two options: with and without road capacity expansion. As investigated, an intervention will lead to a reduction in time of freight traffic trips, freight transports, and drivers working time as well as to decreased emissions of CO2.
{"title":"Traffic and freight flow predictions and effects of capacity expansion in the urban–port road interface: The case of a port city in Poland","authors":"D. Bernacki, C. Lis","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2068204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2068204","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper elaborates on forecasts in the road traffic and freight flows in the urban–port transport system to quantify the effects of the freight traffic performance considering road capacity expansion in a port city in Poland. The urban–port transport system was broken down into a subsystem of roads that lead directly to the port transshipment areas and a subsystem of urban roads with mixed freight and passenger traffic. The research resulted in an elaborated long-term forecast of freight and traffic flows in the porttransshipmenturban road system. Also, the impact of capacity improvements in the local transport system on port-related freight traffic performance was quantified using an incremental calculus for transport performance for two options: with and without road capacity expansion. As investigated, an intervention will lead to a reduction in time of freight traffic trips, freight transports, and drivers working time as well as to decreased emissions of CO2.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2021.1990428
Lang Xu, Jia Shi, Jihong Chen
ABSTRACT The information exchange between the forwarder and vessel operating common carrier (VOCC) directly leads to a shortage or surplus of capacity and influences operational efficiency. Meanwhile, the development of information technology has inspired VOCCs to establish online booking platforms, which has changed the traditional booking behavior of shippers. Thus, this paper investigates the equilibriums of platform encroachment and information sharing with two symmetric VOCCs and a forwarder. Using a game-theoretic model, it can be characterized as Stackelberg-Nash game with Bertrand competition to determine whether to encroach existing freight forwarding market and share information or not. We observe whether freight forwarder shared information is affected by the encroachment strategy of VOCCs and the market demand state. Further, the encroachment strategy can prompt freight forwarder to share information with VOCCs if the magnitude of high demand is lower. In addition, for VOCCs, the best chance of establishing online platforms is when the magnitude of high demand is relatively low, not when the demand state has increased.
{"title":"Agency encroachment and information sharing: cooperation and competition in freight forwarding market","authors":"Lang Xu, Jia Shi, Jihong Chen","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2021.1990428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.1990428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The information exchange between the forwarder and vessel operating common carrier (VOCC) directly leads to a shortage or surplus of capacity and influences operational efficiency. Meanwhile, the development of information technology has inspired VOCCs to establish online booking platforms, which has changed the traditional booking behavior of shippers. Thus, this paper investigates the equilibriums of platform encroachment and information sharing with two symmetric VOCCs and a forwarder. Using a game-theoretic model, it can be characterized as Stackelberg-Nash game with Bertrand competition to determine whether to encroach existing freight forwarding market and share information or not. We observe whether freight forwarder shared information is affected by the encroachment strategy of VOCCs and the market demand state. Further, the encroachment strategy can prompt freight forwarder to share information with VOCCs if the magnitude of high demand is lower. In addition, for VOCCs, the best chance of establishing online platforms is when the magnitude of high demand is relatively low, not when the demand state has increased.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-16DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2061060
M. Vasheghani, M. Abtahi
ABSTRACT Multimodal transportation (MT) is a coordinate system for integration of different transportation systems. Today, MT in ports is more pronounced due to problems of shipping costs, road congestion, environmental concerns, and traffic safety. Too many parameters in MT development make it as a big challenge. It needs decision-making procedure to define MT development strategies. To respond to this need, internal and external criteria associated with transportation industry should well be known based on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). Shahid Rajaei port as the best representative of large international ports of Iran, faced with many challenges in MT development was studied. The components in port development were found through qualitative study and questionnaires among the port experts. Weights of the experts in decision-making procedures were obtained through their specialty, age, education, and work experience. The four-dimensional SWOT model was created to categorize the internal/external conditions of the port. To this end, the experts were asked to answer the questionnaires according to the Likert spectrum and the components of the SWOT model were graded through fuzzy analysis. Based on the SWOT components, experts created MT development strategies. The AHP method was used to rank the strategies. The superior strategies in MT development were: (1) sustaining the fame of the port through its facilities, (2) upgrading the knowledge/skills of local employees to have more contribution in the port, (3) increase of financial incentives and (4) development of the port infrastructures. Since there are many similarities in the infrastructures and challenges of this port with other major ports in the world, the results is applicable for other ports in the world that need MT development strategies.
{"title":"Strategic planning for multimodal transportation in ports","authors":"M. Vasheghani, M. Abtahi","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2061060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2061060","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Multimodal transportation (MT) is a coordinate system for integration of different transportation systems. Today, MT in ports is more pronounced due to problems of shipping costs, road congestion, environmental concerns, and traffic safety. Too many parameters in MT development make it as a big challenge. It needs decision-making procedure to define MT development strategies. To respond to this need, internal and external criteria associated with transportation industry should well be known based on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). Shahid Rajaei port as the best representative of large international ports of Iran, faced with many challenges in MT development was studied. The components in port development were found through qualitative study and questionnaires among the port experts. Weights of the experts in decision-making procedures were obtained through their specialty, age, education, and work experience. The four-dimensional SWOT model was created to categorize the internal/external conditions of the port. To this end, the experts were asked to answer the questionnaires according to the Likert spectrum and the components of the SWOT model were graded through fuzzy analysis. Based on the SWOT components, experts created MT development strategies. The AHP method was used to rank the strategies. The superior strategies in MT development were: (1) sustaining the fame of the port through its facilities, (2) upgrading the knowledge/skills of local employees to have more contribution in the port, (3) increase of financial incentives and (4) development of the port infrastructures. Since there are many similarities in the infrastructures and challenges of this port with other major ports in the world, the results is applicable for other ports in the world that need MT development strategies.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2022.2059717
Gleb Sibul, Peihao Yang, D. Muravev, J. Jin, L. Kong
ABSTRACT The authors analyzed the navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and developed the pathfinding algorithm for its strategic assessment. It creates a framework connecting weather observations with shipping operational parameters: travel speed, travel time, travel distance, the necessity of icebreaker escort. It is based on the A* algorithm, the Arctic Ice Regime Shipping System (AIRSS) methodology, and empirical relationships between ship’s speed and environmental data. The idea is to minimize travel time since sailing through areas with severe weather conditions requires speed reduction. The objective function finds the fastest safe path with minimal icebreaker escort. We used 2019–2020 environmental data to test the algorithm and analyzed daily optimal NSR transit routes for Eastbound and Westbound directions. It was shown that environmental parameters significantly affect the vessel’s path, while ice parameters make the largest contribution. Depending on the ship’s ice class and sailing season, it takes between 11 and 38 days to complete the entire route. All obtained operational parameters are valuable for assessing transportation costs, profitability, and riskiness of NSR. We provide their seasonal, monthly, and weekly values, and statistical parameters.
{"title":"Revealing the true navigability of the Northern Sea Route from ice conditions and weather observations","authors":"Gleb Sibul, Peihao Yang, D. Muravev, J. Jin, L. Kong","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2059717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2059717","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The authors analyzed the navigation along the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and developed the pathfinding algorithm for its strategic assessment. It creates a framework connecting weather observations with shipping operational parameters: travel speed, travel time, travel distance, the necessity of icebreaker escort. It is based on the A* algorithm, the Arctic Ice Regime Shipping System (AIRSS) methodology, and empirical relationships between ship’s speed and environmental data. The idea is to minimize travel time since sailing through areas with severe weather conditions requires speed reduction. The objective function finds the fastest safe path with minimal icebreaker escort. We used 2019–2020 environmental data to test the algorithm and analyzed daily optimal NSR transit routes for Eastbound and Westbound directions. It was shown that environmental parameters significantly affect the vessel’s path, while ice parameters make the largest contribution. Depending on the ship’s ice class and sailing season, it takes between 11 and 38 days to complete the entire route. All obtained operational parameters are valuable for assessing transportation costs, profitability, and riskiness of NSR. We provide their seasonal, monthly, and weekly values, and statistical parameters.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44070016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT This study proposes high-frequency container port congestion measures based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Vessel movement information of 3,957 container ships from March 2017 to April 2017 is included. The world top 20 container ports’ berth and anchorage areas are identified through Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and convex hull methods, and their hourly port congestion statuses are depicted in terms of the traffic volume and turnaround time. The constructed congestion measures overcome the disadvantages of the traditionally used port or industry data, which is heterogenous, behind the time and not easy to obtain publicly. The higher frequency (hourly) of the proposed measures can effectively monitor any slight change in port performance. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model is then proposed for congestion prediction using constructed congestion measures. Point prediction and sequence prediction are both performed. We innovatively introduce congestion propagation effects into the prediction model as input features. Using Shanghai, Singapore and Ningbo ports as case studies, results show that the inclusion of congestion propagation effect can improve the prediction performance especially for sequence prediction. This study provides significant implications and decision support for container shipping market participants.
{"title":"A deep learning approach for port congestion estimation and prediction","authors":"Wenhao Peng, Xiwen Bai, Dong Yang, Kum Fai Yuen, Junfeng Wu","doi":"10.1080/03088839.2022.2057608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2057608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study proposes high-frequency container port congestion measures based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Vessel movement information of 3,957 container ships from March 2017 to April 2017 is included. The world top 20 container ports’ berth and anchorage areas are identified through Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and convex hull methods, and their hourly port congestion statuses are depicted in terms of the traffic volume and turnaround time. The constructed congestion measures overcome the disadvantages of the traditionally used port or industry data, which is heterogenous, behind the time and not easy to obtain publicly. The higher frequency (hourly) of the proposed measures can effectively monitor any slight change in port performance. A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model is then proposed for congestion prediction using constructed congestion measures. Point prediction and sequence prediction are both performed. We innovatively introduce congestion propagation effects into the prediction model as input features. Using Shanghai, Singapore and Ningbo ports as case studies, results show that the inclusion of congestion propagation effect can improve the prediction performance especially for sequence prediction. This study provides significant implications and decision support for container shipping market participants.","PeriodicalId":18288,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Policy & Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46090884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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