R. Kołodziejska, Marcin Stupała, E. Kopkowska, B. Augustyńska
Pyrimidine is six-member heterocyclic compound that contains two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3. Pyrimidine derivatives have showed various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antifungal, the hypnotic and sedative activities. The oxopyrimidnes of the biological activity of the most possess substituents at the N 1 or N 3 position [1-11]. This paper presents identification the location of the N 1 and N 3 isomeric substituents of the pyrimidine derivatives. The UV spectroscopy was used for this purpose. This method is simple, economical and does not require large quantities of sample. The absorption maxima of the 1 and 3-substituted pyrimidine derivatives were sensitive to the addition of base. In alkaline solution the N 3-alkyl substituted uracil showed bathochromic shift, but the absorption maxima of N 1 analogs shift toward shorter wavelengths (the hypsochromic shift) (Figure 1, 2, 3). This was associated with the formation of monoanion, which was created as a result of dissociation of a proton from the nitrogen atom (Scheme 2). The results were compared with the results that may be obtained from the analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1 H NMR (Scheme 1, 3, 4). The NMR spectroscopy is a method much more precise and it can provide more information about the structure of the compound. By 1 H NMR is not always possible clearly distinguish between N 1 and N 3 isomers, in contrast to the UV spectroscopy.
{"title":"UV identification substitution position of pyrimidine ring","authors":"R. Kołodziejska, Marcin Stupała, E. Kopkowska, B. Augustyńska","doi":"10.12775/MBS.2015.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/MBS.2015.032","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrimidine is six-member heterocyclic compound that contains two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3. Pyrimidine derivatives have showed various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antifungal, the hypnotic and sedative activities. The oxopyrimidnes of the biological activity of the most possess substituents at the N 1 or N 3 position [1-11]. This paper presents identification the location of the N 1 and N 3 isomeric substituents of the pyrimidine derivatives. The UV spectroscopy was used for this purpose. This method is simple, economical and does not require large quantities of sample. The absorption maxima of the 1 and 3-substituted pyrimidine derivatives were sensitive to the addition of base. In alkaline solution the N 3-alkyl substituted uracil showed bathochromic shift, but the absorption maxima of N 1 analogs shift toward shorter wavelengths (the hypsochromic shift) (Figure 1, 2, 3). This was associated with the formation of monoanion, which was created as a result of dissociation of a proton from the nitrogen atom (Scheme 2). The results were compared with the results that may be obtained from the analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1 H NMR (Scheme 1, 3, 4). The NMR spectroscopy is a method much more precise and it can provide more information about the structure of the compound. By 1 H NMR is not always possible clearly distinguish between N 1 and N 3 isomers, in contrast to the UV spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"97 5 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83945612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-18DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040347
M. Amin
Vitamin C is a water-soluble compound with anti-oxidant properties that is essential for collagen synthesis and protection of living organisms against oxidative stress. These important roles, and the relatively large amounts of vitamin C required daily, likely explain why most vertebrate species are able to synthesize it but surprisingly; many species of anthropoid primates, guinea pigs, as well as some bats have lost the capacity to synthesize it. We hypothesized that the loss of vitamin C synthesis in early primate ancestors contributed to their relatively long life spans through up-regulation of hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF1α), a transcription factor that plays an essential role in cellular response to oxidative stress.
{"title":"Analysis of the Role of Vitamin C Synthesis Loss in Primates’ Evolution; Solving an Evolutionary Puzzle","authors":"M. Amin","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040347","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin C is a water-soluble compound with anti-oxidant properties that is essential for collagen synthesis and protection of living organisms against oxidative stress. These important roles, and the relatively large amounts of vitamin C required daily, likely explain why most vertebrate species are able to synthesize it but surprisingly; many species of anthropoid primates, guinea pigs, as well as some bats have lost the capacity to synthesize it. We hypothesized that the loss of vitamin C synthesis in early primate ancestors contributed to their relatively long life spans through up-regulation of hypoxia induced factor 1α (HIF1α), a transcription factor that plays an essential role in cellular response to oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"25 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91234263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-18DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040342
S. Foji, Rahim Akbari, Batool Kamalimaneh, Marjan Vojdani, Mosaalreza Tadayonfar
Sleep and relaxation play an important role in restoring, maintaining and improving performance and health of patients. Various factors in patients result in sleep disorders in patients. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate sleep quality and its related factors in patients admitted in CCU department of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar- Iran. The present research is a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 146 patients admitted in CCU department of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar. Sampling was based on purposive method and in order to collect data SMHSQ standard questionnaire and environmental factors influencing the prevalence of sleep disorders questionnaire were used. To analyze the data descriptive indicators and Fisher test using Software stata Version 11 were applied. The patients had average age of 60.85 and standard deviation of 13.81 most of which were within the range of 51-60 years (38 subjects (26.03%)). Most patients (84 subjects (57.53)) were male. In state of sleep disorders analysis 83 subjects (61.03%) had mild sleep disorder, 47 subjects (34.56%) had average sleep disorder and 6 patients (4.41%) had severe sleep disorder. The mean score of sleep disorders among samples was 19.89± 6.62. Survey analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality and occupation (p-value = 0.01), pain in the last 24 hours (p-value = 0.07), depression (p-value = 0.02) and anxiety (p-value = 0.00). Based on the effect of sleep on performance and quality of life in patients with heart failure it is possible to implement the necessary measures to control or eliminate the factors affecting sleep disorder patients.
{"title":"The Analysis of Sleep Quality and Its Related Factors in Patients Hospitalized in CCU Department","authors":"S. Foji, Rahim Akbari, Batool Kamalimaneh, Marjan Vojdani, Mosaalreza Tadayonfar","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040342","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep and relaxation play an important role in restoring, maintaining and improving performance and health of patients. Various factors in patients result in sleep disorders in patients. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate sleep quality and its related factors in patients admitted in CCU department of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar- Iran. The present research is a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 146 patients admitted in CCU department of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar. Sampling was based on purposive method and in order to collect data SMHSQ standard questionnaire and environmental factors influencing the prevalence of sleep disorders questionnaire were used. To analyze the data descriptive indicators and Fisher test using Software stata Version 11 were applied. The patients had average age of 60.85 and standard deviation of 13.81 most of which were within the range of 51-60 years (38 subjects (26.03%)). Most patients (84 subjects (57.53)) were male. In state of sleep disorders analysis 83 subjects (61.03%) had mild sleep disorder, 47 subjects (34.56%) had average sleep disorder and 6 patients (4.41%) had severe sleep disorder. The mean score of sleep disorders among samples was 19.89± 6.62. Survey analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality and occupation (p-value = 0.01), pain in the last 24 hours (p-value = 0.07), depression (p-value = 0.02) and anxiety (p-value = 0.00). Based on the effect of sleep on performance and quality of life in patients with heart failure it is possible to implement the necessary measures to control or eliminate the factors affecting sleep disorder patients.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88918545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-17DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040338
Reeham Abdoalhamid Osman Abobker, O. F. Idris, Murwan Khalid Sabahelkkier
There are limited and conflicting data about the effect of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid gland in children. The objective of this study to investigate the effects of TSH and thyroid hormone in children receiving the valproate, carbamazepine. Cross sectional case control study was conducted at omdurman children hospital which is general pediatrics hospital with many referred clinics including neurology clinic, ahmed gasam children hospital is general pediatrics hospital, Abraham malak hospital during the period from March to May 2015. In this study 100 children Sudanese patient have epilepsy and receiving, antiepileptic drugs for at least 1 years and diagnosed as epileptic based on EEG (case) and 50 sudanese children as (control). The study showed that children use carbamazepine drugs there was significant increase in mean concentration of TSH comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant decrease in mean concentration of T4 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant minor decrease of T3 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.002 , and children use valporate group showed was significant increase in mean concentration of TSH comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant decrease in mean concentration of T4 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant normal of T3 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000. Our data suggest that all antiepileptic drugs studied had varying degrees of deleterious effects on thyroid function.
{"title":"Thyroid Dysfunction in Epileptic Children and Association with Antiepileptic Drugs in Sudan","authors":"Reeham Abdoalhamid Osman Abobker, O. F. Idris, Murwan Khalid Sabahelkkier","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040338","url":null,"abstract":"There are limited and conflicting data about the effect of antiepileptic drugs on thyroid gland in children. The objective of this study to investigate the effects of TSH and thyroid hormone in children receiving the valproate, carbamazepine. Cross sectional case control study was conducted at omdurman children hospital which is general pediatrics hospital with many referred clinics including neurology clinic, ahmed gasam children hospital is general pediatrics hospital, Abraham malak hospital during the period from March to May 2015. In this study 100 children Sudanese patient have epilepsy and receiving, antiepileptic drugs for at least 1 years and diagnosed as epileptic based on EEG (case) and 50 sudanese children as (control). The study showed that children use carbamazepine drugs there was significant increase in mean concentration of TSH comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant decrease in mean concentration of T4 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant minor decrease of T3 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.002 , and children use valporate group showed was significant increase in mean concentration of TSH comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant decrease in mean concentration of T4 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000 and significant normal of T3 comparison with control groups with p-value 0.000. Our data suggest that all antiepileptic drugs studied had varying degrees of deleterious effects on thyroid function.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81657874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-13DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040333
Grace Madondo, C. Haruzivishe, D. Mukona, M. Zvinavashe
Strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is key to sustained HIV suppression, reduced risk of drug resistance, improved overall health, quality of life, and survival. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between social support, socio-demographic factors, client related factors, health providers and regime related factors and adherence to ART among HIV positive clients attending opportunistic infections (OI) clinics in Zvishavane District. A descriptive correlational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 81 participants. Permission to conduct the study was sought from respective ethical review boards. Participants gave written informed consent. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from March to April 2010. Interviews were carried out in a private room and each lasted about 30 minutes. Code numbers appeared on completed questionnaires which were kept by the researcher in a lockable cupboard. Data was analysed using SPSS version 12. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data on demographics and levels of adherence to ART and social support. Inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation [r]) were used to examine the relationship between social support and level of adherence to ART. Nineteen participants (23%) were male while 62 (77%) were female. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. Fifty-eight (71%) had high adherence to ART while 50 (61.7%) had moderate level of social support. There was a very weak positive correlation between social support and adherence to ART (r = .165), a negative significant correlation between worry and adherence (r = -.366 p<.01), a weak positive correlation between income and adherence (r = .248 p<.05) and a weak positive correlation between ability to pay user fees and adherence (r = .266 p<.05). Social support tended to increase with adherence to ART. Worry increased as adherence decreased. As income increased adherence also increases. There is need for comprehensively assessment of clients before commencement on ART to address factors that might negatively affect adherence.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Clients Aged Eighteen Years and above Attending Opportunistic Infection Clinic at Zvishavane District, Zimbabwe","authors":"Grace Madondo, C. Haruzivishe, D. Mukona, M. Zvinavashe","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040333","url":null,"abstract":"Strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is key to sustained HIV suppression, reduced risk of drug resistance, improved overall health, quality of life, and survival. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between social support, socio-demographic factors, client related factors, health providers and regime related factors and adherence to ART among HIV positive clients attending opportunistic infections (OI) clinics in Zvishavane District. A descriptive correlational study was conducted with a convenience sample of 81 participants. Permission to conduct the study was sought from respective ethical review boards. Participants gave written informed consent. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from March to April 2010. Interviews were carried out in a private room and each lasted about 30 minutes. Code numbers appeared on completed questionnaires which were kept by the researcher in a lockable cupboard. Data was analysed using SPSS version 12. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data on demographics and levels of adherence to ART and social support. Inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation [r]) were used to examine the relationship between social support and level of adherence to ART. Nineteen participants (23%) were male while 62 (77%) were female. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. Fifty-eight (71%) had high adherence to ART while 50 (61.7%) had moderate level of social support. There was a very weak positive correlation between social support and adherence to ART (r = .165), a negative significant correlation between worry and adherence (r = -.366 p<.01), a weak positive correlation between income and adherence (r = .248 p<.05) and a weak positive correlation between ability to pay user fees and adherence (r = .266 p<.05). Social support tended to increase with adherence to ART. Worry increased as adherence decreased. As income increased adherence also increases. There is need for comprehensively assessment of clients before commencement on ART to address factors that might negatively affect adherence.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73227867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-10DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010118
M. Amin, Moazzame Mohammadi, R. Bidaki
Incubus syndrome is a rare disorder which has very restricted case reports. It is a type of erotomania that is in group of delusional disorders. Case Presentation : we intend introduce 23 years - old rural female student patient living in dormitory far from her family who was referred with bizarre delusion and behaviors. Results : Recognition of the precursor syndromes can aid psychiatrists to detect early symptoms of schizophrenia that, if cured at this stage, can cause to a more favorable long-term prognosis. Conclusio: It suggests that Incubus Syndrome can consider as precursor of Schizophrenia.
{"title":"Incubus Syndrome as precursor of Schizophrenia","authors":"M. Amin, Moazzame Mohammadi, R. Bidaki","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010118","url":null,"abstract":"Incubus syndrome is a rare disorder which has very restricted case reports. It is a type of erotomania that is in group of delusional disorders. Case Presentation : we intend introduce 23 years - old rural female student patient living in dormitory far from her family who was referred with bizarre delusion and behaviors. Results : Recognition of the precursor syndromes can aid psychiatrists to detect early symptoms of schizophrenia that, if cured at this stage, can cause to a more favorable long-term prognosis. Conclusio: It suggests that Incubus Syndrome can consider as precursor of Schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79327053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-10DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010119
Farzad Amuzadeh Omrani, Reza Tavakoli Darestan, Mohammad Emami-Moghadam-Tehrani, S. Khani, M. Ebrahiminia
Fracture of lower limb is one of the most common orthopedic problems in emergency department. These fractures and particularly the open fractures have complications that among them, infection is most important and dangerous because lead to defect in functional outcomes of limb. Based on above mentioned; in this study we isolate and identified types of microbial that cause infection in lower limb’s open fractures. In this cross sectional study, 32 patients with open lower limb fractures were enrolled. Open fracture’s specimens were collected by swab and sent to the laboratory for microbial culture immediately. Then patients were compared based on type of isolated microbial contaminant and results of antibiogram. The most frequent was Klebsiella (15.5%), Gram negative bacteria (15.5%), negative coagulase Staphylococcus (12.5%), Staphylococcus Aurous (6.5%).
{"title":"Microbial Isolates in Early Swabs of Patients With Lower Limb Open Fractures","authors":"Farzad Amuzadeh Omrani, Reza Tavakoli Darestan, Mohammad Emami-Moghadam-Tehrani, S. Khani, M. Ebrahiminia","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010119","url":null,"abstract":"Fracture of lower limb is one of the most common orthopedic problems in emergency department. These fractures and particularly the open fractures have complications that among them, infection is most important and dangerous because lead to defect in functional outcomes of limb. Based on above mentioned; in this study we isolate and identified types of microbial that cause infection in lower limb’s open fractures. In this cross sectional study, 32 patients with open lower limb fractures were enrolled. Open fracture’s specimens were collected by swab and sent to the laboratory for microbial culture immediately. Then patients were compared based on type of isolated microbial contaminant and results of antibiogram. The most frequent was Klebsiella (15.5%), Gram negative bacteria (15.5%), negative coagulase Staphylococcus (12.5%), Staphylococcus Aurous (6.5%).","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87032787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-10DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040321
S. Topchiyeva, F. Mammadova
This study investigates of phospholipase A2 activity in venom extracts from honey bees (Apis mellifera caucasica l) from different regions of Azerbaijan (on apiaries of surrounding area of Baku, Sumgait, Sheki, Balaken, Zagatala, Shamakhi). Collection of venom carried out in the spring, summer, autumn. The PLA2s activity in the venom was determined the titration method. The lowest phospholipase A2 activity was found in venom collected in suburb of Baku (134, 7 IU/mg), and highest in Zaqatala (183, 7 IU/mg). Phospholipase A2 activity was obtained in venom with respect to season of the year. The highest mean activity of phospholipase A2 in venom was found in summer season, the lowest activity is during autumn in all regions. The results of experimental data can be used for determining the biological activity of identification and standardization of honey bee venom.
{"title":"The Study on Activity of Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 from Apis mellifera caucasia L in Honey Bees","authors":"S. Topchiyeva, F. Mammadova","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-040321","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates of phospholipase A2 activity in venom extracts from honey bees (Apis mellifera caucasica l) from different regions of Azerbaijan (on apiaries of surrounding area of Baku, Sumgait, Sheki, Balaken, Zagatala, Shamakhi). Collection of venom carried out in the spring, summer, autumn. The PLA2s activity in the venom was determined the titration method. The lowest phospholipase A2 activity was found in venom collected in suburb of Baku (134, 7 IU/mg), and highest in Zaqatala (183, 7 IU/mg). Phospholipase A2 activity was obtained in venom with respect to season of the year. The highest mean activity of phospholipase A2 in venom was found in summer season, the lowest activity is during autumn in all regions. The results of experimental data can be used for determining the biological activity of identification and standardization of honey bee venom.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83507979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-09DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010113
Thembinkosi Tshabalala, A. C. Ncube
This study sought to investigate learners’ attributions on high failure in mathematics examinations I rural secondary schools in Nkayi district in Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe which has a student population of 1200 at Ordinary Level. A total of 200 respondents were used of which 120 were girls and 80 were boys. The research instruments used was the questionnaire which had both close ended and open ended questions. Descriptive statistical analysis was use d to interpret data. The study revealed that pupils attributed their failure mainly to lack of material resources, poor teaching methods, bad teacher behavior, poor grounding in the subject at lower levels as well as their fear of the subject. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should embark on serious in-service training for mathematics teachers. Teachers should also embark on team teaching to assist each other on the subject. Finally, pupils should be motivated to view mathematics like the rest of the subjects in the school curriculum.
{"title":"Causes Of Poor Performance Of Ordinary Level Pupils In Mathematics In Rural Secondary Schools In Nkayi District: Learner’s Attributions","authors":"Thembinkosi Tshabalala, A. C. Ncube","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010113","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to investigate learners’ attributions on high failure in mathematics examinations I rural secondary schools in Nkayi district in Matabeleland North Province of Zimbabwe which has a student population of 1200 at Ordinary Level. A total of 200 respondents were used of which 120 were girls and 80 were boys. The research instruments used was the questionnaire which had both close ended and open ended questions. Descriptive statistical analysis was use d to interpret data. The study revealed that pupils attributed their failure mainly to lack of material resources, poor teaching methods, bad teacher behavior, poor grounding in the subject at lower levels as well as their fear of the subject. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should embark on serious in-service training for mathematics teachers. Teachers should also embark on team teaching to assist each other on the subject. Finally, pupils should be motivated to view mathematics like the rest of the subjects in the school curriculum.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73416136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-09DOI: 10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010114
A. C. Ncube, Thembinkosi Tshabalala
The study examined the factors that contribute to work related stress and its impact on performance of teachers, this article draws on a quantitative inquiry on causes of stress amongst teachers and its impact on their performance using a sample of 200 respondents. The population consisted of all the 200 teachers from Nkayi District in Matabeleland North province in Zimbabwe. The sample consisted of 200 teachers made up of 100 males and 100 females selected using purposive sampling. All the information was gathered through a questionnaire which largely had close-ended questions and two open-ended questions. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to interpret data. The study revealed that there were several sources of stress and these impacted negatively on the performance of teachers. It also revealed that the majority of teachers were not satisfied with their job. The study recommends that the Government should urgently take steps to improve conditions of service for teachers and there should be strategies to manage their stress levels.
{"title":"Factors Contributing To the Causes of Work Related Stress and Its Impact on Performance of Teachers in Nkayi District","authors":"A. C. Ncube, Thembinkosi Tshabalala","doi":"10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20286/NOVA-JMBS-010114","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the factors that contribute to work related stress and its impact on performance of teachers, this article draws on a quantitative inquiry on causes of stress amongst teachers and its impact on their performance using a sample of 200 respondents. The population consisted of all the 200 teachers from Nkayi District in Matabeleland North province in Zimbabwe. The sample consisted of 200 teachers made up of 100 males and 100 females selected using purposive sampling. All the information was gathered through a questionnaire which largely had close-ended questions and two open-ended questions. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to interpret data. The study revealed that there were several sources of stress and these impacted negatively on the performance of teachers. It also revealed that the majority of teachers were not satisfied with their job. The study recommends that the Government should urgently take steps to improve conditions of service for teachers and there should be strategies to manage their stress levels.","PeriodicalId":18339,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Biological Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74728538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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