This article narrates a successful experience of transforming violence in a rural town in Colombia. It was made through the pedagogical intervention in conflicts’ resolution within educational communities affected by high rates of direct, structural, and cultural violence. Considering the conflict from a critical and positive perspective, the purpose is to overcome the violence culture through building, reeling off, and reassignment of meaning to the subjective dimensions of social actors, to their practices and discourses and, in this way, to the action values and patterns, which nourish the structural and direct violence in Colombia. And this is so because conflict is not only inherent to the human being and to social organizations, but also because, moreover, it is an element necessary to transform society.
{"title":"Conflict and cultural violence in Colombia. Transformation proposals from the school","authors":"Noemi Ordàs","doi":"10.7238/joc.v0i1.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/joc.v0i1.920","url":null,"abstract":"This article narrates a successful experience of transforming violence in a rural town in Colombia. It was made through the pedagogical intervention in conflicts’ resolution within educational communities affected by high rates of direct, structural, and cultural violence. Considering the conflict from a critical and positive perspective, the purpose is to overcome the violence culture through building, reeling off, and reassignment of meaning to the subjective dimensions of social actors, to their practices and discourses and, in this way, to the action values and patterns, which nourish the structural and direct violence in Colombia. And this is so because conflict is not only inherent to the human being and to social organizations, but also because, moreover, it is an element necessary to transform society.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123813413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professionals operating in conflicts, including mediators, require systemic training that provides them with a broad perspective of the system in which they have to act, including them themselves. As communication facilitators between the parties, we have to be aware of the context in which the conflict takes place and contrast that with the context in which the conflict would probably be resolved, which obviously includes our intervention as third parties to the conflict. The article offers new perspectives on how to analyse conflict and searches for better tools to work with in the field of peaceful conflict resolution.
{"title":"\"System in conflict\": Analysis of the conflict theory within a system","authors":"Nilda Susana Gorvein","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V0I1.919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V0I1.919","url":null,"abstract":"Professionals operating in conflicts, including mediators, require systemic training that provides them with a broad perspective of the system in which they have to act, including them themselves. As communication facilitators between the parties, we have to be aware of the context in which the conflict takes place and contrast that with the context in which the conflict would probably be resolved, which obviously includes our intervention as third parties to the conflict. The article offers new perspectives on how to analyse conflict and searches for better tools to work with in the field of peaceful conflict resolution.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122516631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of contemporary conflict resolution, or conflictology, has developed as a synthesis of theory and research combined with applications and practices that contribute to waging constructive conflicts (Galtung 2009; Kriesberg 2008; Vinyamata 2001). In this essay, I examine how that synthesis helps explain the constructive transformation of large-scale violent conflicts in recent years and suggests policies that foster such transformations. Briefly stated, constructive conflicts are conducted and concluded with minimal violence and with broadly shared benefits for members of the opposing sides.
{"title":"Constructive conflict transformation","authors":"L. Kriesberg","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V0I1.918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V0I1.918","url":null,"abstract":"The field of contemporary conflict resolution, or conflictology, has developed as a synthesis of theory and research combined with applications and practices that contribute to waging constructive conflicts (Galtung 2009; Kriesberg 2008; Vinyamata 2001). In this essay, I examine how that synthesis helps explain the constructive transformation of large-scale violent conflicts in recent years and suggests policies that foster such transformations. Briefly stated, constructive conflicts are conducted and concluded with minimal violence and with broadly shared benefits for members of the opposing sides.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115189992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cada vegada mes, els estudis sobre la justicia transicional s'apliquen als processos de veritat, restauracio i responsabilitat en contextos molt allunyats de les transicions paradigmatiques des de l'autoritarisme o la guerra a una democracia relativament liberal en que aquest camp de recerca es basava inicialment. En un moment en que la justicia transicional s'avalua amb un rigor mes gran, resulta preocupant que les valoracions de la seva valua es puguin veure excessivament afectades per la dependencia de circumstancies no transicionals de democracies establertes, conflictes en curs o l'autoritarisme. La comprensio empirica sistematica del valor de la justicia transicional es veu esbiaixada quan es posa un pes excessiu en els mecanismes que tenen lloc en contextos favorables en que les circumstancies politiques o economiques son tan avancades que els mecanismes tenen molt poca importancia causal per a un proces en curs de reforma politica, civil i (possiblement) economica, o be en contextos massa adversos per a res que pugui portar a una conclusio liberalitzadora o de construccio de la pau (per exemple, quan hi ha una guerra en curs o sota un regim autoritari). Tot i que aquest article accepta que es possible utilitzar els mecanismes de la justicia transicional per a millorar les condicions sota un regim autoritari o en contextos de guerra i per a potenciar l'imperi de la llei, el desenvolupament i els drets humans en estats ja compromesos amb la democracia liberal, l'impacte de la justicia transicional en aquestes circumstancies no paradigmatiques es veura limitat a causa de la debilitat del compromis de l'estat per millorar les condicions societaries en el primer cas i a causa de la forca preexistent del compromis en el segon. Mante que cal distingir entre la justicia transicional i l'us dels mecanismes de la justicia transicional.
{"title":"Transitional Justice’s Expanding Empire: Reasserting the Value of the Paradigmatic Transition","authors":"P. McAuliffe","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1297","url":null,"abstract":"Cada vegada mes, els estudis sobre la justicia transicional s'apliquen als processos de veritat, restauracio i responsabilitat en contextos molt allunyats de les transicions paradigmatiques des de l'autoritarisme o la guerra a una democracia relativament liberal en que aquest camp de recerca es basava inicialment. En un moment en que la justicia transicional s'avalua amb un rigor mes gran, resulta preocupant que les valoracions de la seva valua es puguin veure excessivament afectades per la dependencia de circumstancies no transicionals de democracies establertes, conflictes en curs o l'autoritarisme. La comprensio empirica sistematica del valor de la justicia transicional es veu esbiaixada quan es posa un pes excessiu en els mecanismes que tenen lloc en contextos favorables en que les circumstancies politiques o economiques son tan avancades que els mecanismes tenen molt poca importancia causal per a un proces en curs de reforma politica, civil i (possiblement) economica, o be en contextos massa adversos per a res que pugui portar a una conclusio liberalitzadora o de construccio de la pau (per exemple, quan hi ha una guerra en curs o sota un regim autoritari). Tot i que aquest article accepta que es possible utilitzar els mecanismes de la justicia transicional per a millorar les condicions sota un regim autoritari o en contextos de guerra i per a potenciar l'imperi de la llei, el desenvolupament i els drets humans en estats ja compromesos amb la democracia liberal, l'impacte de la justicia transicional en aquestes circumstancies no paradigmatiques es veura limitat a causa de la debilitat del compromis de l'estat per millorar les condicions societaries en el primer cas i a causa de la forca preexistent del compromis en el segon. Mante que cal distingir entre la justicia transicional i l'us dels mecanismes de la justicia transicional.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128940936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconciliation is a complex process requiring the confluence of a number of critical factors. The fact that reconciliation is by definition a personal experience makes large-scale public reconciliation projects highly challenging. Since the early 1970s in the field of restorative justice, the possibility of reconciliation between victim and offender, even in the case of the most serious crimes, has been studied, and some effective criteria and guidelines have been developed to increase the potential for reconciliation. This article identifies the elements which have promoted reconciliation in restorative justice, and suggests that these may also be effectively applied to large-scale public reconciliation efforts.
{"title":"Reconciliation: some lessons learned in the restorative justice context","authors":"M. Forget","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V0I1.926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V0I1.926","url":null,"abstract":"Reconciliation is a complex process requiring the confluence of a number of critical factors. The fact that reconciliation is by definition a personal experience makes large-scale public reconciliation projects highly challenging. Since the early 1970s in the field of restorative justice, the possibility of reconciliation between victim and offender, even in the case of the most serious crimes, has been studied, and some effective criteria and guidelines have been developed to increase the potential for reconciliation. This article identifies the elements which have promoted reconciliation in restorative justice, and suggests that these may also be effectively applied to large-scale public reconciliation efforts.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"280 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114041233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gangs, as such, are a contemporary phenomenon, with only a few years of history, appearing virulently in El Salvador at the end of the 1980s. In 2005, the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, had some sixty thousand gang members; in El Salvador, around fifty thousand. At present, and including the United States, Mexico and Central American and South American countries, the population belonging to gangs may well surpass one million. Even though not all of them have a violent or criminal character, many of them do. This criminal activity increasingly resembles a civil war. A war without ideologies that seeks control or access to wealth and power through violent action. In this article we analyze the elements that favour the emergence of gangs, their characteristics, and possible ways on how to tackle down their violent activities from a conflict resolution perspective.
{"title":"Gangs An approach to understanding them and strategic proposals for resolving the conflicts they generate from the perspective of Conflictology","authors":"Eduard Vinyamata","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V0I1.930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V0I1.930","url":null,"abstract":"Gangs, as such, are a contemporary phenomenon, with only a few years of history, appearing virulently in El Salvador at the end of the 1980s. In 2005, the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, had some sixty thousand gang members; in El Salvador, around fifty thousand. At present, and including the United States, Mexico and Central American and South American countries, the population belonging to gangs may well surpass one million. Even though not all of them have a violent or criminal character, many of them do. This criminal activity increasingly resembles a civil war. A war without ideologies that seeks control or access to wealth and power through violent action. In this article we analyze the elements that favour the emergence of gangs, their characteristics, and possible ways on how to tackle down their violent activities from a conflict resolution perspective.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125210995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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