Aquest article vol oferir algunes idees sobre la practica i el discurs del desenvolupament des del punt de vista dels estudis postcolonials. Entenent el desenvolupament com una intervencio o una serie d'intervencions mantingudes en certes realitats socials amb l'objectiu explicit de millorar aquestes realitats d'una manera qualitativa, aquest article examinara el desenvolupament com un grup de discursos historicament contextualitzats que informen certes practiques destinades a produir efectes perceptibles en les esferes economica, social i cultural. S'extrauran reflexions critiques contra aquest telo de fons derivades dels estudis postcolonials per tal de questionar els suposits subjacents a aquests discursos i posar aixi de manifest els interessos que habiten la seva produccio com a forma de coneixement. Per tant, cal esperar que el fet de repensar el desenvolupament des d'una perspectiva postcolonial ajudi a enriquir el compromis critic permanent amb aquesta tasca i les seves practiques i els seus discursos associats.
{"title":"Rethinking Development from a Postcolonial Perspective","authors":"Sidi M. Omar","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1296","url":null,"abstract":"Aquest article vol oferir algunes idees sobre la practica i el discurs del desenvolupament des del punt de vista dels estudis postcolonials. Entenent el desenvolupament com una intervencio o una serie d'intervencions mantingudes en certes realitats socials amb l'objectiu explicit de millorar aquestes realitats d'una manera qualitativa, aquest article examinara el desenvolupament com un grup de discursos historicament contextualitzats que informen certes practiques destinades a produir efectes perceptibles en les esferes economica, social i cultural. S'extrauran reflexions critiques contra aquest telo de fons derivades dels estudis postcolonials per tal de questionar els suposits subjacents a aquests discursos i posar aixi de manifest els interessos que habiten la seva produccio com a forma de coneixement. Per tant, cal esperar que el fet de repensar el desenvolupament des d'una perspectiva postcolonial ajudi a enriquir el compromis critic permanent amb aquesta tasca i les seves practiques i els seus discursos associats.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123951873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hi ha moltes organitzacions que ofereixen formacio en gestio de conflictes tant al personal com als directius, pero es fa molt poca recerca per a determinar els canvis que aquesta formacio provoca. Utilitzant un marc d'analisi interpretativa, es va estudiar un cas qualitativament per tal d'entendre la manera en que la interpretacio dels conflictes canviava quan aquests es veuen des de la perspectiva del personal i els directius d'una organitzacio sense anim de lucre que va participar en la formacio en gestio de conflictes. L'estudi d'aquest cas es va estructurar com una recerca longitudinal i el metode de recerca principal va ser el treball de camp etnografic. La formacio va fer de catalitzador per al desenvolupament de noves interpretacions sobre els conflictes al lloc de treball. Aquestes incloien el reconeixement incremental dels conflictes al lloc de treball, el reconeixement de l'existencia de relacions interdependents i inscrites en el context dins els conflictes interpersonals i l'us de la resistencia activa dins un grup ocupacional subordinat. En canvi, en els casos en que les bases estructurals de perpetuacio van romandre intactes, la formacio no va provocar cap canvi en els conflictes. Aquest estudi va permetre assenyalar la questio de la incrustacio del conflicte en el teixit social de l'organitzacio. Una de les implicacions practiques d'aquest estudi va ser que actualment es recomana als formadors en gestio de conflictes que, a l'hora d'elaborar programes de formacio, donin mes importancia a les dimensions estructurals del conflicte i a la seva gestio organitzacional.
{"title":"Exploring how Conflict Management Training Changes Workplace Conflicts: A Qualitative Case Study","authors":"Elisabeth Naima Mikkelsen","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1357","url":null,"abstract":"Hi ha moltes organitzacions que ofereixen formacio en gestio de conflictes tant al personal com als directius, pero es fa molt poca recerca per a determinar els canvis que aquesta formacio provoca. Utilitzant un marc d'analisi interpretativa, es va estudiar un cas qualitativament per tal d'entendre la manera en que la interpretacio dels conflictes canviava quan aquests es veuen des de la perspectiva del personal i els directius d'una organitzacio sense anim de lucre que va participar en la formacio en gestio de conflictes. L'estudi d'aquest cas es va estructurar com una recerca longitudinal i el metode de recerca principal va ser el treball de camp etnografic. La formacio va fer de catalitzador per al desenvolupament de noves interpretacions sobre els conflictes al lloc de treball. Aquestes incloien el reconeixement incremental dels conflictes al lloc de treball, el reconeixement de l'existencia de relacions interdependents i inscrites en el context dins els conflictes interpersonals i l'us de la resistencia activa dins un grup ocupacional subordinat. En canvi, en els casos en que les bases estructurals de perpetuacio van romandre intactes, la formacio no va provocar cap canvi en els conflictes. Aquest estudi va permetre assenyalar la questio de la incrustacio del conflicte en el teixit social de l'organitzacio. Una de les implicacions practiques d'aquest estudi va ser que actualment es recomana als formadors en gestio de conflictes que, a l'hora d'elaborar programes de formacio, donin mes importancia a les dimensions estructurals del conflicte i a la seva gestio organitzacional.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"87 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128949312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article outlines the important contribution made by the Department of Peace Studies, particularly the Centre for Conflict Resolution (CCR), at the University of Bradford, to the field of international peacekeeping and peacebuilding. It adds to Woodhouse's examination of the crucial role of Adam Curle, the first chair of the department, in the field of peace studies (Woodhouse, 2010). In the spirit of Woodhouse, this article provides further investigation into how the department has developed research into one of Curle's main strands of activity relevant to peacemaking, "to nurture social and economic systems which engender cooperation rather than conflict" (Woodhouse, 2010, p. 2). Woodhouse's article speaks of how Peace Studies at Bradford University explored this strand with a focus on "critical research on institutions for international co-operation and interdependence" (Woodhouse, 2010, p. 2). This article complements the approach by examining the impact the Centre for Conflict Resolution has had on the practice of peacekeeping over three generations, and how, in turn, the practice of peacekeeping has informed critical enquiry of peacekeeping and peacebuilding.
{"title":"The Bradford Model and the Contribution of Conflict Resolution to the Field of International Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding","authors":"D. Curran","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1417","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the important contribution made by the Department of Peace Studies, particularly the Centre for Conflict Resolution (CCR), at the University of Bradford, to the field of international peacekeeping and peacebuilding. It adds to Woodhouse's examination of the crucial role of Adam Curle, the first chair of the department, in the field of peace studies (Woodhouse, 2010). In the spirit of Woodhouse, this article provides further investigation into how the department has developed research into one of Curle's main strands of activity relevant to peacemaking, \"to nurture social and economic systems which engender cooperation rather than conflict\" (Woodhouse, 2010, p. 2). Woodhouse's article speaks of how Peace Studies at Bradford University explored this strand with a focus on \"critical research on institutions for international co-operation and interdependence\" (Woodhouse, 2010, p. 2). This article complements the approach by examining the impact the Centre for Conflict Resolution has had on the practice of peacekeeping over three generations, and how, in turn, the practice of peacekeeping has informed critical enquiry of peacekeeping and peacebuilding.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131075533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Enough Project fights to end genocide and crimes against humanity, focusing mainly on areas like Sudan, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and the Horn of Africa where civilians continue to be the victims of mass atrocities. Enough is also working on prevention of the crises of tomorrow, by using three key elements - analysis, advocacy, and activism.
{"title":"The Enough Project","authors":"J. Hutson","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1479","url":null,"abstract":"The Enough Project fights to end genocide and crimes against humanity, focusing mainly on areas like Sudan, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Uganda, and the Horn of Africa where civilians continue to be the victims of mass atrocities. Enough is also working on prevention of the crises of tomorrow, by using three key elements - analysis, advocacy, and activism.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127187439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the nature and magnitude of the cost of the perennial oil-related conflicts in the Niger Delta. Data collected from field survey and literature were utilised. The costs of the conflicts ranged from loss of lives and property, negative impact on welfare of the people, reduction in oil production and revenue generation, to a general state of insecurity. Government conflict management strategies in the Niger Delta have been defective. An integrated bottom-up participatory process that secures the quality of life of the people and protects the environment is the path to sustainable peace and development in the Niger Delta.
{"title":"An Analytical Evaluation of the Cost of the Conflict in Nigeria’s Niger Delta","authors":"A. Babatunde","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V3I1.1327","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the nature and magnitude of the cost of the perennial oil-related conflicts in the Niger Delta. Data collected from field survey and literature were utilised. The costs of the conflicts ranged from loss of lives and property, negative impact on welfare of the people, reduction in oil production and revenue generation, to a general state of insecurity. Government conflict management strategies in the Niger Delta have been defective. An integrated bottom-up participatory process that secures the quality of life of the people and protects the environment is the path to sustainable peace and development in the Niger Delta.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detection and description of conflicts when assisting aged people in the socio-health sphere in Guipuzcoa’s province. This study is part of a larger research funded by the UPV/EHU dealing with old age conflicts and suggesting interventions based on mediation and conflict resolution. Semi-structured interviews were carried out upon 30 people related to old people assistance: 22 women and 8 men. The most frequent conflicts were: demand and resources are out of step, in those cases where the family has an essential role, and coexistence conflicts. The existence of negative stereotypes about the old age and the aging process interfere with conflicts, as well as the detected lack of knowledge concerning conflict dynamics and its resolutions. Old people, their relatives, and the technical personnel were the most implied parties, of which the last ones are the mainstays when dealing with conflicts. These conflicts management is conditioned upon the maintenance of the institutions’ everyday operation due to the characteristics of the population being treated, the scarcity of resources and its consequences, and the personalization of conflict (the aged people are involved in it and are the source of conflict).
{"title":"Conflict situations in the socio-health sphere of aged people","authors":"R. Alzate, R. Mora, A. Magdaleno","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V0I1.925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V0I1.925","url":null,"abstract":"Detection and description of conflicts when assisting aged people in the socio-health sphere in Guipuzcoa’s province. This study is part of a larger research funded by the UPV/EHU dealing with old age conflicts and suggesting interventions based on mediation and conflict resolution. Semi-structured interviews were carried out upon 30 people related to old people assistance: 22 women and 8 men. The most frequent conflicts were: demand and resources are out of step, in those cases where the family has an essential role, and coexistence conflicts. The existence of negative stereotypes about the old age and the aging process interfere with conflicts, as well as the detected lack of knowledge concerning conflict dynamics and its resolutions. Old people, their relatives, and the technical personnel were the most implied parties, of which the last ones are the mainstays when dealing with conflicts. These conflicts management is conditioned upon the maintenance of the institutions’ everyday operation due to the characteristics of the population being treated, the scarcity of resources and its consequences, and the personalization of conflict (the aged people are involved in it and are the source of conflict).","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127792999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A les societats modernes, els llargmetratges tenen un paper molt important en la formacio de creences, actituds i comportaments. La industria de l'entreteniment utilitza actualment en gran manera metodes de deshumanitzacio de l'altre i de glorificacio de la violencia, la qual cosa alimenta la por envers l'altre i la creenca en la legitimitat de la violencia com a mitja de resolucio de conflictes. Aquest article mante que es pot aconseguir el contrari, es a dir, el foment d'una creenca en la humanitat universal i l'eficacia de les alternatives pacifiques a la violencia, si en les pel·licules de mes exit es fomenten aquests comportaments i aquestes creences i actituds. Les pel·licules resultants "humanitzarien" en lloc de "deshumanitzar" i, per tant, serien una contribucio positiva a la societat. Mitjancant la desconstruccio dels elements necessaris de les pel·licules "d'exit", l'autor tambe suggereix que les pel·licules humanitzadores poden tenir potencialment mes exit que les pel·licules deshumanitzadores perque ressonen en un nivell mes profund amb el public. Amb suggeriments concrets sobre com desenvolupar elements humanitzadors en les pel·licules, aquest article representa un primer pas cap al desenvolupament d'un marc de treball que ha de permetre transferir als professionals de la industria cinematografica els coneixements avancats que la resolucio de conflictes te sobre la dinamica dels conflictes.
{"title":"The Feature Film as a Vehicle for Disseminating Principles of Conflict Resolution","authors":"Bryan Paul Nykon","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1315","url":null,"abstract":"A les societats modernes, els llargmetratges tenen un paper molt important en la formacio de creences, actituds i comportaments. La industria de l'entreteniment utilitza actualment en gran manera metodes de deshumanitzacio de l'altre i de glorificacio de la violencia, la qual cosa alimenta la por envers l'altre i la creenca en la legitimitat de la violencia com a mitja de resolucio de conflictes. Aquest article mante que es pot aconseguir el contrari, es a dir, el foment d'una creenca en la humanitat universal i l'eficacia de les alternatives pacifiques a la violencia, si en les pel·licules de mes exit es fomenten aquests comportaments i aquestes creences i actituds. Les pel·licules resultants \"humanitzarien\" en lloc de \"deshumanitzar\" i, per tant, serien una contribucio positiva a la societat. Mitjancant la desconstruccio dels elements necessaris de les pel·licules \"d'exit\", l'autor tambe suggereix que les pel·licules humanitzadores poden tenir potencialment mes exit que les pel·licules deshumanitzadores perque ressonen en un nivell mes profund amb el public. Amb suggeriments concrets sobre com desenvolupar elements humanitzadors en les pel·licules, aquest article representa un primer pas cap al desenvolupament d'un marc de treball que ha de permetre transferir als professionals de la industria cinematografica els coneixements avancats que la resolucio de conflictes te sobre la dinamica dels conflictes.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114701271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A global network has been established to enhance infrastructures for peace internationally in 2011. Most countries lack the capacities and structures to deal adequately with ongoing and potential violent conflict. These peace structures have a real impact: several times in the last two decades, they have proven to be effective tools for preventing or reducing violence, as in South Africa prior to the elections in 1994 and during recent elections in Ghana and Kenya. There is an increasing interest in infrastructures for peace, which is important because experts expect an increase in violent conflict. The article describes some experiences of peace structures in South Africa, Ghana and Kenya; gives a definition of a peace infrastructure; a rationale for advancing it and the need for a multi-stakeholder dialogue on infrastructures for peace. It draws some conclusions and also proposes some research questions. Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
{"title":"Interès creixent en les infraestructures per a la pau","authors":"Paul van Tongeren","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1230","url":null,"abstract":"A global network has been established to enhance infrastructures for peace internationally in 2011. Most countries lack the capacities and structures to deal adequately with ongoing and potential violent conflict. These peace structures have a real impact: several times in the last two decades, they have proven to be effective tools for preventing or reducing violence, as in South Africa prior to the elections in 1994 and during recent elections in Ghana and Kenya. There is an increasing interest in infrastructures for peace, which is important because experts expect an increase in violent conflict. The article describes some experiences of peace structures in South Africa, Ghana and Kenya; gives a definition of a peace infrastructure; a rationale for advancing it and the need for a multi-stakeholder dialogue on infrastructures for peace. It draws some conclusions and also proposes some research questions. Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0cm; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:10.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \u0000 mso-ansi-language:#0400; \u0000 mso-fareast-language:#0400; \u0000 mso-bidi-language:#0400;}","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129869361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ombuds idea has taken root around the globe providing critical protection for citizens in public, private and social sectors. Contemporary ombudsing is a unique practice which provides a rare, often fair-minded mechanism of protection for the individual with a grievance. The seeds of this modern idea may be found in ancient world cultures as well as Scandinavian history. An early version of the idea appears in a decree creating a Highest Ombudsman signed by Swedish King Charles XII in 1713, notably while he was living in exile in Turkey, during which time Sweden was in turmoil. Sometimes mechanisms for peace emerge from conflict. The modern ombuds office is often pivotal in addressing and reducing bureaucracy and conflict. As ombudsing continues to grow worldwide, as ombudsing as a human rights mechanism expands, as visitors to the ombuds office represent many world cultures, recognizing the multicultural influences and antecedents to ombudsing may deepen the international dialogue. The aim of improving governance is integral to modern ombudsing, and this aim may even be seen in the creation of the earliest Highest Ombudsman, today in Sweden existing as the Chancellor of Justice. The shift in the ombudsing function between 1713 and 1809 and thereafter, illuminates the development of the role against the backdrop of history. Early versions of the idea included protection of individuals as well as aims of good governance. For the Parliamentary Ombudsman and contemporary models, independence and integrity are core components of the office. With the growth of ombudsing across sectors, continued reflection on patterns of power, governance, accountability and culture may prove fruitful.
{"title":"A Western King and an Ancient Notion: Reflections on the Origins of Ombudsing","authors":"C. Lang","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1256","url":null,"abstract":"The ombuds idea has taken root around the globe providing critical protection for citizens in public, private and social sectors. Contemporary ombudsing is a unique practice which provides a rare, often fair-minded mechanism of protection for the individual with a grievance. The seeds of this modern idea may be found in ancient world cultures as well as Scandinavian history. An early version of the idea appears in a decree creating a Highest Ombudsman signed by Swedish King Charles XII in 1713, notably while he was living in exile in Turkey, during which time Sweden was in turmoil. Sometimes mechanisms for peace emerge from conflict. The modern ombuds office is often pivotal in addressing and reducing bureaucracy and conflict. As ombudsing continues to grow worldwide, as ombudsing as a human rights mechanism expands, as visitors to the ombuds office represent many world cultures, recognizing the multicultural influences and antecedents to ombudsing may deepen the international dialogue. The aim of improving governance is integral to modern ombudsing, and this aim may even be seen in the creation of the earliest Highest Ombudsman, today in Sweden existing as the Chancellor of Justice. The shift in the ombudsing function between 1713 and 1809 and thereafter, illuminates the development of the role against the backdrop of history. Early versions of the idea included protection of individuals as well as aims of good governance. For the Parliamentary Ombudsman and contemporary models, independence and integrity are core components of the office. With the growth of ombudsing across sectors, continued reflection on patterns of power, governance, accountability and culture may prove fruitful.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"36 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120876824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biotechnology in An Age of Terrorism","authors":"A. V. Akinyoade","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V2I2.1261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"274 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131733275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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