Over the years, Sudan, especially the south, caught the eye of the world with images of war, including children suffering from malnutrition, child soldiers, rape victims, amputees and images of slavery. The situation in Darfur is no better now than it was before. It is grim. The eruption of violence in the Abyei region during the referendum in the south leaves a lot of question marks over the future of the region. Hundreds of thousands of Sudanese are abroad as refugees thanks to the conflicts that have dogged the region for decades. Now, an overwhelming majority -almost 99%- have voted for an independent South Sudan. Companies are lobbying for contracts, governments are sending emissaries and the world is watching. Is peace finally being realised in Sudan? Is this what Dr John Garang envisioned for the south? Veteran diplomat, Daniel Rachuonyo Mboya was Kenya's first Ambassador to Sudan and also the first Special Envoy to the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Secretariat for the Peace Initiative in Sudan. In this interview he expresses his opinion about the referendum in South Sudan and the future of the volatile region.
{"title":"The Referendum in South Sudan: Is it Peace or Conflict Ahead? An Interview with Ambassador Daniel Rachuonyo Mboya","authors":"Jack Shaka","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V2I1.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V2I1.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, Sudan, especially the south, caught the eye of the world with images of war, including children suffering from malnutrition, child soldiers, rape victims, amputees and images of slavery. The situation in Darfur is no better now than it was before. It is grim. The eruption of violence in the Abyei region during the referendum in the south leaves a lot of question marks over the future of the region. Hundreds of thousands of Sudanese are abroad as refugees thanks to the conflicts that have dogged the region for decades. Now, an overwhelming majority -almost 99%- have voted for an independent South Sudan. Companies are lobbying for contracts, governments are sending emissaries and the world is watching. Is peace finally being realised in Sudan? Is this what Dr John Garang envisioned for the south? Veteran diplomat, Daniel Rachuonyo Mboya was Kenya's first Ambassador to Sudan and also the first Special Envoy to the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Secretariat for the Peace Initiative in Sudan. In this interview he expresses his opinion about the referendum in South Sudan and the future of the volatile region.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132559423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) can bring new perspectives and new results to any endeavour involving personal (i.e. internal) and interpersonal communication. The organisation of information to achieve results is at the core of NLP and also a frequent goal for interpersonal conflict managers such as arbiters, mediators and negotiators. This article sheds light on one particular NLP tool, namely chunking. Chunking is a direct application of the NLP Meta-model, a communications model used to find and challenge linguistic distortions in the client's language. Chunking deals with information size and direction. Information can be chunked up or down in size and can be moved laterally to find alternative examples of a concept at the same level of information. In a conflict resolution or mediation setting, chunking up can be a guide to reach an initial agreement level, a compromise between the parties. Chunking down, on the other hand can be used to deal with specific problems and find a leverage point to make a breakthrough. Overall, NLP technologies such as chunking can bring performance, alternative methodologies and solutions at times where the highest academic approaches are not enough.
{"title":"The Neuro-Linguistic Programming Approach to Conflict Resolution, Negotiation and Change","authors":"Eduard Vinyamata","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V2I1.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V2I1.1085","url":null,"abstract":"Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) can bring new perspectives and new results to any endeavour involving personal (i.e. internal) and interpersonal communication. The organisation of information to achieve results is at the core of NLP and also a frequent goal for interpersonal conflict managers such as arbiters, mediators and negotiators. This article sheds light on one particular NLP tool, namely chunking. Chunking is a direct application of the NLP Meta-model, a communications model used to find and challenge linguistic distortions in the client's language. Chunking deals with information size and direction. Information can be chunked up or down in size and can be moved laterally to find alternative examples of a concept at the same level of information. In a conflict resolution or mediation setting, chunking up can be a guide to reach an initial agreement level, a compromise between the parties. Chunking down, on the other hand can be used to deal with specific problems and find a leverage point to make a breakthrough. Overall, NLP technologies such as chunking can bring performance, alternative methodologies and solutions at times where the highest academic approaches are not enough.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"81 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128140750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 Rotarians have long dreamed of creating a Rotary-sponsored academy to promote world understanding and peace. Over the past 25 years, a variety of initiatives have been proposed to make this dream a reality. In 1996, consideration was given to the concept of an educational centre, institute or university dedicated to Paul Harris, as a way of commemorating the 50th anniversary of his death in 1947. The outcome of much deliberation was the creation of Paul Harris Centres for International Studies at several universities worldwide. At these centres, fellows would obtain a graduate degree focusing on issues related to international relations, conflict resolution, and peace studies. The Trustees of the Rotary Foundation adopted this proposal in principle and, in 1999, approved the plan to partner with universities to establish the Rotary Centres for International Studies in peace and conflict resolution. The centres were so named to increase public awareness of Rotary’s commitment to peace and because Paul Harris’s name is not well known outside the Rotary world. The Rotary Centres Committee considered more than 100 universities and based their final recommendations to the Trustees on such specific criteria as geographic diversity, the university’s willingness to work with The Rotary Foundation, superior faculty, and an established degree programme with a core curriculum in international relations, peace, and conflict resolution. Rotary Peace Fellows began travelling abroad to pursue a master’s degree at the Rotary Centres for International Studies in 2002. In 2006, a short-term peace studies pilot programme was launched that would serve as an alternative to the Rotary Centres for International Studies programme. The programme would enhance Rotary’s existing work to support international peace studies. This second peace studies programme would attract middleto upper-level professionals who could arrange to be away from their employment for just a few months. It would also provide a lower-cost option to The Rotary Foundation and more immediate returns on Rotary’s investment in world understanding and peace. In 2008, The Rotary Foundation Trustees approved the short-term option, at The Rotary Centre at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, as a permanent offering within the Rotary Centre for International Studies programme, thereby providing interested applicants with a variety of courses and durations.
{"title":"A Brief History of the Rotary Centres for International Studies Program","authors":"D. Hazlehurst","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1004","url":null,"abstract":"1 Rotarians have long dreamed of creating a Rotary-sponsored academy to promote world understanding and peace. Over the past 25 years, a variety of initiatives have been proposed to make this dream a reality. In 1996, consideration was given to the concept of an educational centre, institute or university dedicated to Paul Harris, as a way of commemorating the 50th anniversary of his death in 1947. The outcome of much deliberation was the creation of Paul Harris Centres for International Studies at several universities worldwide. At these centres, fellows would obtain a graduate degree focusing on issues related to international relations, conflict resolution, and peace studies. The Trustees of the Rotary Foundation adopted this proposal in principle and, in 1999, approved the plan to partner with universities to establish the Rotary Centres for International Studies in peace and conflict resolution. The centres were so named to increase public awareness of Rotary’s commitment to peace and because Paul Harris’s name is not well known outside the Rotary world. The Rotary Centres Committee considered more than 100 universities and based their final recommendations to the Trustees on such specific criteria as geographic diversity, the university’s willingness to work with The Rotary Foundation, superior faculty, and an established degree programme with a core curriculum in international relations, peace, and conflict resolution. Rotary Peace Fellows began travelling abroad to pursue a master’s degree at the Rotary Centres for International Studies in 2002. In 2006, a short-term peace studies pilot programme was launched that would serve as an alternative to the Rotary Centres for International Studies programme. The programme would enhance Rotary’s existing work to support international peace studies. This second peace studies programme would attract middleto upper-level professionals who could arrange to be away from their employment for just a few months. It would also provide a lower-cost option to The Rotary Foundation and more immediate returns on Rotary’s investment in world understanding and peace. In 2008, The Rotary Foundation Trustees approved the short-term option, at The Rotary Centre at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, as a permanent offering within the Rotary Centre for International Studies programme, thereby providing interested applicants with a variety of courses and durations.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130552448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davant l'evident inadequacio de la via judicial ordinaria per a resoldre conflictes en materia de consum, es fa necessari trobar models alternatius que, sense excloure les vies administrativa i judicial, resultin mes accessibles als consumidors. Tot i que l'arbitratge es el model mes difos, la mediacio de consum esta agafant cada vegada mes forca entre aquests models alternatius. La mediacio de consum no te cap ordenament sistematic en el dret intern espanyol, i la normativa relativa a l'arbitratge de consum nomes fa referencia a la mediacio per a dir que la seva regulacio correspon a les comunitats autonomes, algunes de les quals tenen atribuida la competencia exclusiva en materia de mediacio a traves dels seus estatuts d'autonomia. Malgrat que la mediacio se sol concebre en materia de consum com a incardinada dins del procediment arbitral, el procediment ideal seria distingir una mediacio vinculada al procediment arbitral (intraarbitral) d'una altra mediacio de consum al marge de l'arbitratge (extraarbitral) per tal d'oferir mes alternatives de resolucio extrajudicial de conflictes, ates que la resolucio obtinguda d'un proces de mediacio tindra titol executiu si es tracta d'una transaccio judicial o si s'eleva a escriptura publica. La conclusio que se n'extreu es que l'ambit de consum es especialment propici per a la mediacio, pero la normativa relativa a l'arbitratge de consum resulta inadequada per a regular-la, per la qual cosa caldra acudir a la regulacio especifica de la mediacio per a ordenar-ne l’aplicacio en aquest ambit.
{"title":"Mediation in Consumer Matters. An Approach in European and Spanish Law","authors":"Eduardo Vázquez de Castro","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V1I2.958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V1I2.958","url":null,"abstract":"Davant l'evident inadequacio de la via judicial ordinaria per a resoldre conflictes en materia de consum, es fa necessari trobar models alternatius que, sense excloure les vies administrativa i judicial, resultin mes accessibles als consumidors. Tot i que l'arbitratge es el model mes difos, la mediacio de consum esta agafant cada vegada mes forca entre aquests models alternatius. La mediacio de consum no te cap ordenament sistematic en el dret intern espanyol, i la normativa relativa a l'arbitratge de consum nomes fa referencia a la mediacio per a dir que la seva regulacio correspon a les comunitats autonomes, algunes de les quals tenen atribuida la competencia exclusiva en materia de mediacio a traves dels seus estatuts d'autonomia. Malgrat que la mediacio se sol concebre en materia de consum com a incardinada dins del procediment arbitral, el procediment ideal seria distingir una mediacio vinculada al procediment arbitral (intraarbitral) d'una altra mediacio de consum al marge de l'arbitratge (extraarbitral) per tal d'oferir mes alternatives de resolucio extrajudicial de conflictes, ates que la resolucio obtinguda d'un proces de mediacio tindra titol executiu si es tracta d'una transaccio judicial o si s'eleva a escriptura publica. La conclusio que se n'extreu es que l'ambit de consum es especialment propici per a la mediacio, pero la normativa relativa a l'arbitratge de consum resulta inadequada per a regular-la, per la qual cosa caldra acudir a la regulacio especifica de la mediacio per a ordenar-ne l’aplicacio en aquest ambit.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115434309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peace is mainly a micro-social phenomenon. The concept of a culture of peace, as well as the concept of liberal peace, is designed for studying peace on nation-state level and internationally. In the first part of this paper micro-social foundations of peace are discussed, primarily to explain why the rising participation of women in parliaments is correlated with a decrease in collective violence in societies. In the second part of the paper, De Rivera’s analytical concept of the culture of peace is adapted for the sake of studying peace at a local level, i.e. Croat-Serb ‘peace enclaves’ in the 1990s, and comparing them with Croat-Serb conflict areas. The empirical findings confirm the relevance of the concept of culture of peace. The most important link between micro-peace and macro-peace is recognised in trends towards gender equality and non-dominance over weak, respectively, which are stronger in the peace than the conflict areas. Such results fit a pluralist approach to culture, which maintains that some non- or pre-liberal communities may also preserve peace as their prominent value.
{"title":"The Elements of Culture of Peace in some Multiethnic Communities in Croatia","authors":"Vjeran Katunarić","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1006","url":null,"abstract":"Peace is mainly a micro-social phenomenon. The concept of a culture of peace, as well as the concept of liberal peace, is designed for studying peace on nation-state level and internationally. In the first part of this paper micro-social foundations of peace are discussed, primarily to explain why the rising participation of women in parliaments is correlated with a decrease in collective violence in societies. In the second part of the paper, De Rivera’s analytical concept of the culture of peace is adapted for the sake of studying peace at a local level, i.e. Croat-Serb ‘peace enclaves’ in the 1990s, and comparing them with Croat-Serb conflict areas. The empirical findings confirm the relevance of the concept of culture of peace. The most important link between micro-peace and macro-peace is recognised in trends towards gender equality and non-dominance over weak, respectively, which are stronger in the peace than the conflict areas. Such results fit a pluralist approach to culture, which maintains that some non- or pre-liberal communities may also preserve peace as their prominent value.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123596518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In conflict-affected societies, humour has significant potential to contribute to the escalation or reduction of conflicts. This paper provides a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the social role of humour in conflicted societies, drawing on literature from social psychology, health and conflict resolution. The paper offers an analytical model regarding the role of humour in peacebuilding in divided societies, as well as documenting several examples of the application of humour and the opportunities and challenges to using humour in societies in conflict. Concrete roles that humour can play are discussed, including as a tool to cope with violent conflict, humanizing or dehumanizing the other, bridge builder, mobiliser, etc. Avenues for future research are also outlined.
{"title":"Laughing our Way to Peace or War: Humour and Peacebuilding","authors":"Craig Zelizer","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1010","url":null,"abstract":"In conflict-affected societies, humour has significant potential to contribute to the escalation or reduction of conflicts. This paper provides a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the social role of humour in conflicted societies, drawing on literature from social psychology, health and conflict resolution. The paper offers an analytical model regarding the role of humour in peacebuilding in divided societies, as well as documenting several examples of the application of humour and the opportunities and challenges to using humour in societies in conflict. Concrete roles that humour can play are discussed, including as a tool to cope with violent conflict, humanizing or dehumanizing the other, bridge builder, mobiliser, etc. Avenues for future research are also outlined.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125537523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quina efectivitat tenen les operacions de manteniment de la pau a l'hora d'impedir la violencia i frenar-la? Hi ha alguna alternativa a les operacions de manteniment de la pau regionals i de l'ONU? Les operacions de pau sense armes per part de civils serien la millor alternativa? Aquestes preguntes, i altres de semblants, es plantegen en el debat continu sobre les operacions de pau i la possibilitat d'alternatives civils a les operacions de pau actuals. Aquest article presenta una analisi del desenvolupament del manteniment de la pau per part de civils, la seva importancia en el camp de la resolucio de conflictes i la seva autonomia del manteniment de la pau multidimensional, defensada per l'ONU i organitzacions regionals. Escrit per un estudios de la recerca sobre la pau i els conflictes amb experiencia practica tant en operacions de manteniment de la pau de l'ONU com en missions de “manteniment de la pau per part de civils”, ofereix informacio practica i teorica sobre el manteniment de la pau tradicional multidimensional i sobre el manteniment de la pau per part de civils.
{"title":"El manteniment de la pau: una perspectiva civil?","authors":"Stean A. N. Tshiband","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V1I2.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Quina efectivitat tenen les operacions de manteniment de la pau a l'hora d'impedir la violencia i frenar-la? Hi ha alguna alternativa a les operacions de manteniment de la pau regionals i de l'ONU? Les operacions de pau sense armes per part de civils serien la millor alternativa? Aquestes preguntes, i altres de semblants, es plantegen en el debat continu sobre les operacions de pau i la possibilitat d'alternatives civils a les operacions de pau actuals. Aquest article presenta una analisi del desenvolupament del manteniment de la pau per part de civils, la seva importancia en el camp de la resolucio de conflictes i la seva autonomia del manteniment de la pau multidimensional, defensada per l'ONU i organitzacions regionals. Escrit per un estudios de la recerca sobre la pau i els conflictes amb experiencia practica tant en operacions de manteniment de la pau de l'ONU com en missions de “manteniment de la pau per part de civils”, ofereix informacio practica i teorica sobre el manteniment de la pau tradicional multidimensional i sobre el manteniment de la pau per part de civils.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why do we tend to use violence to deal with our conflicts? This is one of the questions we often ask ourselves when we become aware of this tendency to deal with conflict situations we experience in everyday life. In response, we claim that it is easier to use violence, that there is no other way to do things or that we are simply used to acting that way. But are we right? This paper challenges these claims, arguing that there are several alternatives to regulate conflicts and that we have the capacity and means to do so peacefully. The key is to accustom ourselves to rebuilding our peaceful abilities and to strive to implement new, non-violent habits. To this end, peaceful conflict transformation is presented as the preferred method for positive conflict regulation, and its main characteristics are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the value of mutual recognition based on an analysis of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition, which reaffirms the role played by recognition in shaping human identity.
{"title":"Reciprocal Recognition as a Means of Peaceful Conflict Transformation","authors":"S. Albert","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V1I2.987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V1I2.987","url":null,"abstract":"Why do we tend to use violence to deal with our conflicts? This is one of the questions we often ask ourselves when we become aware of this tendency to deal with conflict situations we experience in everyday life. In response, we claim that it is easier to use violence, that there is no other way to do things or that we are simply used to acting that way. But are we right? This paper challenges these claims, arguing that there are several alternatives to regulate conflicts and that we have the capacity and means to do so peacefully. The key is to accustom ourselves to rebuilding our peaceful abilities and to strive to implement new, non-violent habits. To this end, peaceful conflict transformation is presented as the preferred method for positive conflict regulation, and its main characteristics are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the value of mutual recognition based on an analysis of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition, which reaffirms the role played by recognition in shaping human identity.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131264375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conflicts are inherent to the human condition, as they are for all living beings. Disputes about resources or access to mating partners are among the most common causes of conflict. Conflict is herein defined as a struggle or contest between individuals or parties, and may involve a variety of aggressive behaviours. In humans, aggressiveness, violence and conflicts, including individual predisposal to conflict resolution, have traditionally been said to have deep cultural roots, but recent research in both neuroscience and genetics has shown the influence of genes on such complex behavioural traits. In this paper, recent data on the genetic aspects of these interrelated behaviours will be put together, including the effects of particular genes, the influence of stress and gender on gene regulation, and gene–environment interactions, all of which may influence biological predisposal to conflict resolution. Other genetically influenced behavioural aspects involved in conflicts and conflict resolution, such as sociability, will also be discussed. The importance of taking into account genetic and biological data to provide strategies for conflict resolution will be highlighted.
{"title":"Aggressivity, Violence, Sociability and Conflict Resolution: What Genes Can Tell Us","authors":"David Bueno","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V1I2.974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V1I2.974","url":null,"abstract":"Conflicts are inherent to the human condition, as they are for all living beings. Disputes about resources or access to mating partners are among the most common causes of conflict. Conflict is herein defined as a struggle or contest between individuals or parties, and may involve a variety of aggressive behaviours. In humans, aggressiveness, violence and conflicts, including individual predisposal to conflict resolution, have traditionally been said to have deep cultural roots, but recent research in both neuroscience and genetics has shown the influence of genes on such complex behavioural traits. In this paper, recent data on the genetic aspects of these interrelated behaviours will be put together, including the effects of particular genes, the influence of stress and gender on gene regulation, and gene–environment interactions, all of which may influence biological predisposal to conflict resolution. Other genetically influenced behavioural aspects involved in conflicts and conflict resolution, such as sociability, will also be discussed. The importance of taking into account genetic and biological data to provide strategies for conflict resolution will be highlighted.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130237741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The notion of peacekeeping usually conjures up images of UN- sponsored Blue Helmets or other armed military or police forces deployed in areas of violent conflict in poor countries. But unarmed peacekeeping, by civilian members of global non-governmental organizations who employ proven strategies, is a valuable, cost-effective complement (or an alternative) to the currently dominant approach of armed peacekeeping. Unarmed civilian peacekeepers offer services of protective accompaniment and ‘proactive presence’, monitoring, creating neutral safe spaces, and inter-positioning—close to where threatened, vulnerable people live. As such, they provide a much-needed, low-cost, disciplined, benign, professional force for peace, steeped in the best tradition of theory and praxis of non-violent conflict transformation. The 21st century is likely to face more, not less, violent conflict, and the need for preventive international third-party nonviolent presence is greater than ever. As long as the world community (and the UN) has not tried large-scale civilian unarmed peacekeeping, this remains a huge missed chance for peace.
{"title":"Global civil society initiative to create a large-scale, unarmed peaceforce","authors":"Rolf C. Carriere","doi":"10.7238/JOC.V0I1.921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7238/JOC.V0I1.921","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of peacekeeping usually conjures up images of UN- sponsored Blue Helmets or other armed military or police forces deployed in areas of violent conflict in poor countries. But unarmed peacekeeping, by civilian members of global non-governmental organizations who employ proven strategies, is a valuable, cost-effective complement (or an alternative) to the currently dominant approach of armed peacekeeping. Unarmed civilian peacekeepers offer services of protective accompaniment and ‘proactive presence’, monitoring, creating neutral safe spaces, and inter-positioning—close to where threatened, vulnerable people live. As such, they provide a much-needed, low-cost, disciplined, benign, professional force for peace, steeped in the best tradition of theory and praxis of non-violent conflict transformation. The 21st century is likely to face more, not less, violent conflict, and the need for preventive international third-party nonviolent presence is greater than ever. As long as the world community (and the UN) has not tried large-scale civilian unarmed peacekeeping, this remains a huge missed chance for peace.","PeriodicalId":183832,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflictology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121561467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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