Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blends were prepared using EUG with high and low molecular weight, respectively, and their physical properties and constituents compatibility were investigated. The blend exhibited superior physical properties and constituents compatibility when EUG with high molecular weight occupied 10 wt%. When its content increased further, the physical properties deteriorated gradually，the results of SEM, DSC, and DMA diagrams indicated poorer constituents compatibility. The blends prepared from EUG with low molecular weight can achieve better compatibility in a comprehensive range of blending ratio. When the EUG content was 20 wt%, the maximum tensile strength of the blend was observed, which was 49.9% higher than that of pure EPDM, its rebound resilience ascended by 5%, and the wear resistance remained nearly unchanged.
{"title":"Constituent compatibility and physical properties of bio‐based EUG/EPDM blends","authors":"Yunyi Yang, Shang Chen, Youji Li, Zhaoxia Yang, Zhangying Han, Haiqin Xia, Jiawei Shang, Yunzhe Shao","doi":"10.1002/app.56299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56299","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Eucommia ulmoides</jats:italic> gum (EUG)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blends were prepared using EUG with high and low molecular weight, respectively, and their physical properties and constituents compatibility were investigated. The blend exhibited superior physical properties and constituents compatibility when EUG with high molecular weight occupied 10 wt%. When its content increased further, the physical properties deteriorated gradually，the results of SEM, DSC, and DMA diagrams indicated poorer constituents compatibility. The blends prepared from EUG with low molecular weight can achieve better compatibility in a comprehensive range of blending ratio. When the EUG content was 20 wt%, the maximum tensile strength of the blend was observed, which was 49.9% higher than that of pure EPDM, its rebound resilience ascended by 5%, and the wear resistance remained nearly unchanged.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endothelial barriers, integral components of tissue barriers, are densely packed with adherens junction and tight junction proteins, hindering the passage of drugs to target sites. Herein, a novel nanosphere comprising N, N, N-trimethylated chitosan (TMC), with the size of 51 ± 8 nm and zeta potential of 13.2 ± 5.3 mV, has been engineered as a drug carrier to facilitate the transport of hydrophobic drugs, that is, curcumin, across endothelial barriers efficiently. The effects of pH value and temperature on the release kinetics of curcumin from TMC nanospheres have been studied. In addition, the transportation of TMC nanospheres across an in vitro endothelial barrier was evaluated over a 72-h period. The integrity of the in vitro endothelial barrier was assessed before and after the transport of TMC nanospheres by using transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and immunofluorescence staining of tight junction proteins. The results reveal that TMC nanospheres significantly enhance the transport of curcumin across the endothelial barrier, with approximately 30% of curcumin released as compared to less than 3.3% across the barrier without the assistance of TMC nanospheres. This investigation underscores the potential of small-sized TMC nanospheres to enhance the transport of hydrophobic drugs across endothelial barriers.
{"title":"Tailoring N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan nanospheres as an efficient drug carrier to overcome endothelial barrier","authors":"Chao Lu, Howyn Tang, Jianying Ouyang, Jin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/app.56278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56278","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelial barriers, integral components of tissue barriers, are densely packed with adherens junction and tight junction proteins, hindering the passage of drugs to target sites. Herein, a novel nanosphere comprising <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>, <i>N</i>-trimethylated chitosan (TMC), with the size of 51 ± 8 nm and zeta potential of 13.2 ± 5.3 mV, has been engineered as a drug carrier to facilitate the transport of hydrophobic drugs, that is, curcumin, across endothelial barriers efficiently. The effects of pH value and temperature on the release kinetics of curcumin from TMC nanospheres have been studied. In addition, the transportation of TMC nanospheres across an in vitro endothelial barrier was evaluated over a 72-h period. The integrity of the in vitro endothelial barrier was assessed before and after the transport of TMC nanospheres by using transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and immunofluorescence staining of tight junction proteins. The results reveal that TMC nanospheres significantly enhance the transport of curcumin across the endothelial barrier, with approximately 30% of curcumin released as compared to less than 3.3% across the barrier without the assistance of TMC nanospheres. This investigation underscores the potential of small-sized TMC nanospheres to enhance the transport of hydrophobic drugs across endothelial barriers.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs), coated with different materials, are synthesized and utilized as nucleating agents to prepare magnetic multi‐modal porous scaffolds of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/IONs using the supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) foaming process. The effects of the modification materials, including citric acid, polycaprolactone, and polyvinyl acetate, on the foaming process and properties of the magnetic scaffolds are systematically investigated. The results indicate that the solubility and diffusion ability of CO2 in the foaming materials played a vital role in the foaming process. The use of CO2‐philic materials and high pressure proves beneficial in generating micropores. The scaffolds with multi‐modal porous structures can be obtained at relatively low pressure for the ScCO2 foaming systems evaluated in this study. Furthermore, the prepared scaffolds exhibit high porosity and a good compressive modulus (higher than 0.4 MPa), satisfying the requirements of tissue engineering for soft tissue scaffolds.
{"title":"Preparation of magnetic scaffolds via supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process using iron oxide nanoparticles coated with CO2‐philic materials as nucleating agents","authors":"Zhen Jiao, Shuo Zhang, Jinjing Wang, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/app.56256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56256","url":null,"abstract":"The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs), coated with different materials, are synthesized and utilized as nucleating agents to prepare magnetic multi‐modal porous scaffolds of poly (lactic‐<jats:italic>co</jats:italic>‐glycolic acid)/IONs using the supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) foaming process. The effects of the modification materials, including citric acid, polycaprolactone, and polyvinyl acetate, on the foaming process and properties of the magnetic scaffolds are systematically investigated. The results indicate that the solubility and diffusion ability of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in the foaming materials played a vital role in the foaming process. The use of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐philic materials and high pressure proves beneficial in generating micropores. The scaffolds with multi‐modal porous structures can be obtained at relatively low pressure for the ScCO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> foaming systems evaluated in this study. Furthermore, the prepared scaffolds exhibit high porosity and a good compressive modulus (higher than 0.4 MPa), satisfying the requirements of tissue engineering for soft tissue scaffolds.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Murtaza Haider Syed, Md Maksudur Rahman Khan, Mior Ahmad Khushairi Mohd Zahari, Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg, Norhayati Abdullah
Needless electrospinning (NES) is the most advanced and robust method to generate biopolymeric nanofibers. NES overcomes the needle clogging and low throughput issues of conventional needle based electrospinning (ES). However, the issue with all ES techniques is the absence of generalized methods in the literature, and most of the work is being done empirically. The solvent system dictates the feasibility of the ES process, and solvent system based studies can help create more generalized ES methods. The current work provides a systematic approach to fabricating tribiopolymeric nanofibers. NES was used to fabricate chitosan (CS)/polylactic acid (PLA)/nanocellulose (NCC) based nanofibers by optimizing the solvent system using dichloromethane (DCM) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Biopolymeric blend PLA/CS/NCC (10:0.1:0.05 w/v %) in various formulated solvent systems were made and analyzed for their physical properties (sedimentation rate, particle size, viscosity, and surface tension) and subjected to NES. The binary solvent system SS91 (DCM (90):TFA (10) %) showed the lowest sedimentation rate and viscosity while the highest particle size and surface tension, resulting in the beads free nanofibers. The viscosity and surface tension comparison were used to determine a critical point for the feasibility of nanofiber fabrication. Overall, the study showed a systematic approach for fabricating complex tri‐biopolymeric nanofibers in future.
无针电纺（NES）是生成生物聚合物纳米纤维的最先进、最稳健的方法。无针电纺克服了传统针式电纺（ES）存在的针堵塞和产量低的问题。然而，所有电纺丝技术的问题都在于文献中缺乏通用方法，大部分工作都是凭经验进行的。溶剂系统决定了电纺丝工艺的可行性，基于溶剂系统的研究有助于创建更通用的电纺丝方法。目前的工作提供了一种制造三聚纳米纤维的系统方法。通过使用二氯甲烷（DCM）和三氟乙酸（TFA）优化溶剂系统，利用 NES 制备了壳聚糖（CS）/聚乳酸（PLA）/纳米纤维素（NCC）纳米纤维。在不同配方溶剂体系中制备了生物聚合物混合物 PLA/CS/NCC（10:0.1:0.05 w/v%），分析了其物理性质（沉降率、粒度、粘度和表面张力），并对其进行了 NES 试验。二元溶剂体系 SS91（DCM (90):TFA (10)%）的沉降率和粘度最低，而粒度和表面张力最高，因此产生了无珠纳米纤维。通过粘度和表面张力的比较，确定了纳米纤维制造可行性的临界点。总之，该研究为今后制造复杂的三生物聚合物纳米纤维提供了一种系统方法。
{"title":"Optimization of solvent system for chitosan/polylactic acid/nanocellulose nanofibers using needleless electrospinning","authors":"Murtaza Haider Syed, Md Maksudur Rahman Khan, Mior Ahmad Khushairi Mohd Zahari, Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg, Norhayati Abdullah","doi":"10.1002/app.56291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56291","url":null,"abstract":"Needless electrospinning (NES) is the most advanced and robust method to generate biopolymeric nanofibers. NES overcomes the needle clogging and low throughput issues of conventional needle based electrospinning (ES). However, the issue with all ES techniques is the absence of generalized methods in the literature, and most of the work is being done empirically. The solvent system dictates the feasibility of the ES process, and solvent system based studies can help create more generalized ES methods. The current work provides a systematic approach to fabricating tribiopolymeric nanofibers. NES was used to fabricate chitosan (CS)/polylactic acid (PLA)/nanocellulose (NCC) based nanofibers by optimizing the solvent system using dichloromethane (DCM) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Biopolymeric blend PLA/CS/NCC (10:0.1:0.05 w/v %) in various formulated solvent systems were made and analyzed for their physical properties (sedimentation rate, particle size, viscosity, and surface tension) and subjected to NES. The binary solvent system SS91 (DCM (90):TFA (10) %) showed the lowest sedimentation rate and viscosity while the highest particle size and surface tension, resulting in the beads free nanofibers. The viscosity and surface tension comparison were used to determine a critical point for the feasibility of nanofiber fabrication. Overall, the study showed a systematic approach for fabricating complex tri‐biopolymeric nanofibers in future.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Wu, Dengwang Lai, Mengyao Nan, Wuyan Cao, Li Liu, Yuejun Liu, Jun Yang
This paper utilizes the reaction of phytic acid (PA) and urea (UM) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to synthesize flame retardant gasses (CO2, NH3) for the preparation of PVA composite films containing flame retardant microbubbles. The flame retardancy of PVA composite films was assessed using methods including limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94), and cone calorimetry. The results indicated an increase in the LOI of the PVA composite film containing flame retardant microfoam from 20% to 30% compared with the pure PVA film, and that UL 94 reached VTM-0. Furthermore, its peak exothermic rate and total exothermic amount were reduced by 36.25% and 38.92%, respectively, compared with the pure PVA film. The investigation of the flame-retardant mechanism employed thermogravimetric-infrared (TG-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the CO2 and NH3 flame retardant microbubbles within the composite film render it less ignitable at the initial stage, and that the internal UM of the composite film continues to decompose, releasing CO2 and NH3 upon heating. In addition, the acidic substances decomposed by PA during combustion promote the dehydration, cross-linking, and cyclization of PVA, generating chemical structures such as POC, POP, and PO4 with enhanced thermal stability. This encourages the formation of a continuous, dense charcoal layer and impedes the transfer of oxygen and heat into the interior.
本文利用植酸（PA）和尿素（UM）在聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液中的反应合成阻燃气体（CO2、NH3），制备含有阻燃微气泡的 PVA 复合薄膜。采用极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL 94）和锥体量热法等方法评估了 PVA 复合薄膜的阻燃性。结果表明，与纯 PVA 薄膜相比，含有阻燃微泡的 PVA 复合薄膜的 LOI 从 20% 提高到 30%，UL 94 达到 VTM-0。此外，与纯 PVA 薄膜相比，其峰值放热率和放热总量分别降低了 36.25% 和 38.92%。阻燃机理的研究采用了热重-红外（TG-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、拉曼光谱和红外光谱。结果表明，复合薄膜内的 CO2 和 NH3 阻燃微气泡使其在初始阶段的可燃性降低，复合薄膜内部的 UM 不断分解，在加热时释放出 CO2 和 NH3。此外，PA 在燃烧过程中分解出的酸性物质会促进 PVA 的脱水、交联和环化，生成热稳定性更强的化学结构，如 POC、POP 和 PO4。这有利于形成连续、致密的炭层，阻碍氧气和热量向内部传递。
{"title":"Flame retardant polyvinyl alcohol film with self-releasing carbon dioxide and ammonia from phytic acid and urea","authors":"Hao Wu, Dengwang Lai, Mengyao Nan, Wuyan Cao, Li Liu, Yuejun Liu, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1002/app.56258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper utilizes the reaction of phytic acid (PA) and urea (UM) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to synthesize flame retardant gasses (CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>) for the preparation of PVA composite films containing flame retardant microbubbles. The flame retardancy of PVA composite films was assessed using methods including limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94), and cone calorimetry. The results indicated an increase in the LOI of the PVA composite film containing flame retardant microfoam from 20% to 30% compared with the pure PVA film, and that UL 94 reached VTM-0. Furthermore, its peak exothermic rate and total exothermic amount were reduced by 36.25% and 38.92%, respectively, compared with the pure PVA film. The investigation of the flame-retardant mechanism employed thermogravimetric-infrared (TG-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the CO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> flame retardant microbubbles within the composite film render it less ignitable at the initial stage, and that the internal UM of the composite film continues to decompose, releasing CO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> upon heating. In addition, the acidic substances decomposed by PA during combustion promote the dehydration, cross-linking, and cyclization of PVA, generating chemical structures such as P<span></span>O<span></span>C, P<span></span>O<span></span>P, and PO<sub>4</sub> with enhanced thermal stability. This encourages the formation of a continuous, dense charcoal layer and impedes the transfer of oxygen and heat into the interior.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research introduces a low-temperature catalytic-assisted pyrolysis method for recycling waste thermosetting epoxy resins, transforming them into an efficient fire-retardant additive for new epoxy resin formulations. In this study, we demonstrate that boric acid (BA) can significantly reduce the temperature required for epoxy resin (EP) pyrolysis, resulting in degradation products containing boron atoms that can act as a fire-retardant additive. The impact of 5%–20% content of recycled EP (R-EP) on the curing process, thermal stability, fire retardancy, and mechanical properties of the new EP was comprehensively investigated. The TGA results show that adding BA to epoxy resin at a 1:4 BA:EP ratio significantly reduces pyrolysis temperature. Neat EP degrades in two stages in 341°C and 557°C, while EP with BA degrades in three stages, starting below 120°C and peaking around 142°C. The results demonstrated an outstanding effect of incorporating 20% R-EP on the char formation and fire retardancy of the new EP, surpassing the performance of 20% triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a commercially available fire retardant. The storage modulus for neat EP is 1510 MPa, increasing to 2280 MPa with EP/R-EP 20%, indicating enhanced rigidity. Addition of R-EP raised glass transition temperature (Tg) of the epoxy resin up to 38°C, indicating highly cross-linked structures compared to TPP-modified EP, which shows lower Tg values.
本研究介绍了一种低温催化辅助热解方法，用于回收废弃的热固性环氧树脂，将其转化为一种高效的阻燃添加剂，用于新的环氧树脂配方。在这项研究中，我们证明了硼酸（BA）可显著降低环氧树脂（EP）热解所需的温度，从而产生含有硼原子的降解产物，这些降解产物可用作阻燃添加剂。我们全面研究了 5%-20%的回收 EP（R-EP）含量对新 EP 的固化过程、热稳定性、阻燃性和机械性能的影响。热重分析结果表明，以 1:4 的 BA:EP 比例在环氧树脂中添加 BA 可显著降低热解温度。未添加 BA 的 EP 分两个阶段降解，降解温度分别为 341°C 和 557°C，而添加 BA 的 EP 分三个阶段降解，降解温度从 120°C 以下开始，在 142°C 左右达到峰值。结果表明，加入 20% 的 R-EP 对新型 EP 的成炭和阻燃性能有显著影响，其性能超过了 20% 的磷酸三苯酯（TPP），后者是一种市售的阻燃剂。纯 EP 的储存模量为 1510 兆帕，添加 20% 的 EP/R-EP 后，储存模量增至 2280 兆帕，表明刚性增强。添加 R-EP 后，环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）最高可达 38°C，这表明与 TPP 改性 EP 相比，环氧树脂具有高度交联结构，而 TPP 改性 EP 的 Tg 值较低。
{"title":"Catalytic pyrolysis upcycling of waste thermosetting epoxy resin into fire-retardant additive","authors":"Roya Mahmoodi, Omid Zabihi, Mojtaba Ahmadi, Mahmoud Reza Ghandehari Ferdowsi, Minoo Naebe","doi":"10.1002/app.56271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56271","url":null,"abstract":"This research introduces a low-temperature catalytic-assisted pyrolysis method for recycling waste thermosetting epoxy resins, transforming them into an efficient fire-retardant additive for new epoxy resin formulations. In this study, we demonstrate that boric acid (BA) can significantly reduce the temperature required for epoxy resin (EP) pyrolysis, resulting in degradation products containing boron atoms that can act as a fire-retardant additive. The impact of 5%–20% content of recycled EP (R-EP) on the curing process, thermal stability, fire retardancy, and mechanical properties of the new EP was comprehensively investigated. The TGA results show that adding BA to epoxy resin at a 1:4 BA:EP ratio significantly reduces pyrolysis temperature. Neat EP degrades in two stages in 341°C and 557°C, while EP with BA degrades in three stages, starting below 120°C and peaking around 142°C. The results demonstrated an outstanding effect of incorporating 20% R-EP on the char formation and fire retardancy of the new EP, surpassing the performance of 20% triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a commercially available fire retardant. The storage modulus for neat EP is 1510 MPa, increasing to 2280 MPa with EP/R-EP 20%, indicating enhanced rigidity. Addition of R-EP raised glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>) of the epoxy resin up to 38°C, indicating highly cross-linked structures compared to TPP-modified EP, which shows lower <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> values.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuejiao Wu, Jian Yang, Ke Shen, Liyan Liu, Jing Cao, Zhaomei Wang
Curcumin (Cur) is a bioactive nutraceutical with great potential in biological, nutritional, and medical applications. However, these applications are limited by various factors such as insufficient ingestion, low aqueous solubility, and relatively high toxicity to normal cells. To tackle these obstacles, we synthesized a novel Cur-modified-rhamnogalacturonan (RG-C) nano-micelle carrier to target-deliver Cur to hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via specific recognition of RG-I by the overexpressed surface galactin-3 receptor. Fourier transfer infrared, UV–vis, and 1H NMR analyses confirmed the conjugation between RG and Cur RG-C loaded with Cur (RG-CC) was formed via self-assembly in an aqueous solution with a drug loading efficiency of 12.2%. RG-CC micelle was ellipsoidal or cubic with a size ranging between 100 and 200 nm by scanning electron microscopy observation. Cur release from RG-CC exhibited a controlled and pH-dependent manner with 50% at pH 5.0 in contrast to 5% at pH 7.4 after 24 h exposure. RG-CC possessed more potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells than normal embryonic kidney 293T cells. Compared to free Cur, both the anti-proliferative effect and uptake of RG-CC were significantly higher in HepG2 cells as revealed from laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. RG-CC was a promising anticancer candidate and deserves further preclinical and clinical investigations.
{"title":"Novel amphiphilic rhamnogalacturonnan I-based nanomicelles for targeted delivery of curcumin to hepatocellular carcinoma cells","authors":"Yuejiao Wu, Jian Yang, Ke Shen, Liyan Liu, Jing Cao, Zhaomei Wang","doi":"10.1002/app.56264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56264","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin (Cur) is a bioactive nutraceutical with great potential in biological, nutritional, and medical applications. However, these applications are limited by various factors such as insufficient ingestion, low aqueous solubility, and relatively high toxicity to normal cells. To tackle these obstacles, we synthesized a novel Cur-modified-rhamnogalacturonan (RG-C) nano-micelle carrier to target-deliver Cur to hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via specific recognition of RG-I by the overexpressed surface galactin-3 receptor. Fourier transfer infrared, UV–vis, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR analyses confirmed the conjugation between RG and Cur RG-C loaded with Cur (RG-CC) was formed via self-assembly in an aqueous solution with a drug loading efficiency of 12.2%. RG-CC micelle was ellipsoidal or cubic with a size ranging between 100 and 200 nm by scanning electron microscopy observation. Cur release from RG-CC exhibited a controlled and pH-dependent manner with 50% at pH 5.0 in contrast to 5% at pH 7.4 after 24 h exposure. RG-CC possessed more potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells than normal embryonic kidney 293T cells. Compared to free Cur, both the anti-proliferative effect and uptake of RG-CC were significantly higher in HepG2 cells as revealed from laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. RG-CC was a promising anticancer candidate and deserves further preclinical and clinical investigations.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to its favorable mechanical strength, transparency, and biocompatibility, polylactic acid (PLA) has considerable potential as a biodegradable material. Nevertheless, developing high-performance PLA composites through environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods remains a significant challenge. In this study, the composites comprising poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), basalt fibers (BFs), and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) are prepared through facile melt blending. The in situ formed stereocomplex polylactide (SC-PLA) crystals improve the crystallization ability and rheological behavior of PLLA/BF/PDLA composites. Upon adding 5 wt% PDLA, BFs are nicely dispersed in PLLA matrix because of increased shear intensity. The synergistic effect of BFs and SC-PLA crystals enhances the mechanical, thermomechanical, and heat resistance properties of PLLA. In particular, PLLA/BF/10%PDLA composites exhibit a Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) of 155.5°C, increasing by approximately 100°C over neat PLLA. Annealing treatment increases the Young's modulus, thermomechanical properties, and VST of samples while reducing their tensile strength. Interestingly, the tensile strength of the annealed PLLA/BF/10%PDLA composites is 50.2 MPa, twice that of the annealed neat PLLA due to the introduction of SC-PLA crystals. Simultaneously improving the rheological, mechanical, and heat resistance performance of PLLA opens possibilities for expanding its potential applications in the industrial field.
{"title":"Enhanced rheological, crystallization, mechanical, and heat resistance performance of poly(L-lactide)/basalt fibers composites via in situ formation of stereocomplex polylactide crystals","authors":"Hongda Cheng, Lijuan Wang, Changyu Han","doi":"10.1002/app.56280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56280","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its favorable mechanical strength, transparency, and biocompatibility, polylactic acid (PLA) has considerable potential as a biodegradable material. Nevertheless, developing high-performance PLA composites through environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods remains a significant challenge. In this study, the composites comprising poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), basalt fibers (BFs), and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) are prepared through facile melt blending. The in situ formed stereocomplex polylactide (SC-PLA) crystals improve the crystallization ability and rheological behavior of PLLA/BF/PDLA composites. Upon adding 5 wt% PDLA, BFs are nicely dispersed in PLLA matrix because of increased shear intensity. The synergistic effect of BFs and SC-PLA crystals enhances the mechanical, thermomechanical, and heat resistance properties of PLLA. In particular, PLLA/BF/10%PDLA composites exhibit a Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) of 155.5°C, increasing by approximately 100°C over neat PLLA. Annealing treatment increases the Young's modulus, thermomechanical properties, and VST of samples while reducing their tensile strength. Interestingly, the tensile strength of the annealed PLLA/BF/10%PDLA composites is 50.2 MPa, twice that of the annealed neat PLLA due to the introduction of SC-PLA crystals. Simultaneously improving the rheological, mechanical, and heat resistance performance of PLLA opens possibilities for expanding its potential applications in the industrial field.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The frequent occurrence of respiratory infectious diseases has made it difficult for traditional antibacterial materials to meet practical needs in recent years. There was an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial materials with stronger antimicrobial effects and biosafety. In this paper, the carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS)/silk fibroin (SF) composite microspheres were synthesized through self-assembly, and the Ag+/CMCTS/SF composite microspheres were prepared by loading the Ag+ onto their surface. It investigated the effect of CMCTS contents, SF on the size and secondary structure of CMCTS/SF composite microspheres, and the antibacterial activity and mechanism of Ag+/CMCTS/SF composite microspheres. The results showed that the average particle size distribution size of CMCTS/SF composite microspheres was ranged from approximately 593–1115 nm. When CMCTS was added at 50 wt%, the content of β-sheet structures in silk fibroin microspheres was the largest at 38.6%. And the CMCTS/SF composite microspheres loaded with Ag+ enhanced the bactericidal rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by 27.51% and 36.39%, respectively. In addition, the Ag+/CMCTS/SF composite microspheres have high biological safety, providing a new method for designing an efficient, green, and safe composite antibacterial agent.
{"title":"Preparation and antimicrobial properties of Ag+/carboxymethyl chitosan/silk fibroin composite microspheres","authors":"Xiaofei Yan, Zhaoyang Gao, Yehua Shao, Dongming Qi, Bei Wu, Shirong Guo","doi":"10.1002/app.56277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56277","url":null,"abstract":"The frequent occurrence of respiratory infectious diseases has made it difficult for traditional antibacterial materials to meet practical needs in recent years. There was an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial materials with stronger antimicrobial effects and biosafety. In this paper, the carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS)/silk fibroin (SF) composite microspheres were synthesized through self-assembly, and the Ag<sup>+</sup>/CMCTS/SF composite microspheres were prepared by loading the Ag<sup>+</sup> onto their surface. It investigated the effect of CMCTS contents, SF on the size and secondary structure of CMCTS/SF composite microspheres, and the antibacterial activity and mechanism of Ag<sup>+</sup>/CMCTS/SF composite microspheres. The results showed that the average particle size distribution size of CMCTS/SF composite microspheres was ranged from approximately 593–1115 nm. When CMCTS was added at 50 wt%, the content of <i>β</i>-sheet structures in silk fibroin microspheres was the largest at 38.6%. And the CMCTS/SF composite microspheres loaded with Ag<sup>+</sup> enhanced the bactericidal rate against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by 27.51% and 36.39%, respectively. In addition, the Ag<sup>+</sup>/CMCTS/SF composite microspheres have high biological safety, providing a new method for designing an efficient, green, and safe composite antibacterial agent.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Yang, Yixuan Hou, Yingzheng Hong, Yingbang Yao
Since thermally conductive fillers easily aggregate when introduced into polymer matrix, it is essential to apply a modifier to enhance the dispersion of the filler. In current study, the surface of boron nitride (h-BN) is firstly modified by employing a double modification process and then added into sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) to form the composite materials. Four different kinds of samples of double-modified h-BN were obtained. Ultimately, the XXX@h-BN/SPEEK (XXX denoted as modifier, i.e. PDA, VTMS, TEOS, and APS) flexible film with the horizontally oriented XXX@h-BN was produced by heating the mixture under an external electric field. The test results indicate that the thermally conductive filler PDA@h-BN (PDA: polydopamine), which was prepared by modifying OH@h-BN with PDA, loaded into SPEEK, and electrically oriented, shows the best overall performances. With a high tensile strength of 43.24 MPa and good flexibility, PDA@h-BN/SPEEK flexible film exhibits an in-plane thermal conductivity of 2.3 Wm−1 K−1 at a filling ratio of 10 wt%. The sample may be bent at a steep angle without breaking down and can recover to original shape bearing its high degree of flexibility.
{"title":"Surface modification of h-BN and electric field control of its orientation in sulfonated polyetheretherketone","authors":"Jin Yang, Yixuan Hou, Yingzheng Hong, Yingbang Yao","doi":"10.1002/app.56255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.56255","url":null,"abstract":"Since thermally conductive fillers easily aggregate when introduced into polymer matrix, it is essential to apply a modifier to enhance the dispersion of the filler. In current study, the surface of boron nitride (h-BN) is firstly modified by employing a double modification process and then added into sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) to form the composite materials. Four different kinds of samples of double-modified h-BN were obtained. Ultimately, the XXX@h-BN/SPEEK (XXX denoted as modifier, i.e. PDA, VTMS, TEOS, and APS) flexible film with the horizontally oriented XXX@h-BN was produced by heating the mixture under an external electric field. The test results indicate that the thermally conductive filler PDA@h-BN (PDA: polydopamine), which was prepared by modifying OH@h-BN with PDA, loaded into SPEEK, and electrically oriented, shows the best overall performances. With a high tensile strength of 43.24 MPa and good flexibility, PDA@h-BN/SPEEK flexible film exhibits an in-plane thermal conductivity of 2.3 Wm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> at a filling ratio of 10 wt%. The sample may be bent at a steep angle without breaking down and can recover to original shape bearing its high degree of flexibility.","PeriodicalId":183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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