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Da Venezia al Cairo: Il viaggio di Zaccaria Pagani nel primo Cinquecento 从威尼斯到开罗:扎卡里亚·帕加尼十六世纪初的旅程
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2200629
Juraj Kittler
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引用次数: 0
Insights from a travel journal: travel knowledge in the late sixteenth-century Mediterranean 一本旅行杂志的见解:16世纪晚期地中海的旅行知识
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2192159
Ana Struillou
This article focuses on the travel journal of Joan Seguí, a Menorcan merchant and slave redeemer apprehended by the Inquisition of Mallorca in 1582. Drawing from this overlooked journal, composed by its owner during his travels to Constantinople and preserved within Inquisition records, the article simultaneously explores what kind of knowledge was necessary for Seguí to travel and trade across the Mediterranean and the evolution of his expertise in travel across the years. Exploring the question of language acquisition and mercantile information, it analyses how Seguí built his expertise exploiting the practical knowledge circulating within merchant circles in Marseille and the Menorcan diaspora residing in the Ottoman capital. Finally, this article addresses the question of how Seguí’s writings and familiarity with Ottoman territories were reflected on by various actors: his family; the people of Menorca; the Inquisitors; and Seguí himself.
本文主要讲述了1582年被马略卡宗教裁判所逮捕的梅诺卡商人和奴隶救世主贞德Seguí的旅行日记。从这本被忽视的日记中,它的主人在君士坦丁堡旅行期间撰写,并保存在宗教裁判所的记录中,文章同时探讨了Seguí在地中海旅行和贸易所需要的知识,以及他多年来在旅行方面的专业知识的演变。本文探讨了语言习得和商业信息的问题,分析了Seguí是如何利用马赛商人圈和居住在奥斯曼首都的梅诺卡侨民中流传的实用知识来建立他的专业知识的。最后,本文探讨了Seguí的著作和对奥斯曼帝国领土的熟悉是如何被不同的角色所反映的:他的家人;梅诺卡岛的人们;确的;和Seguí自己。
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引用次数: 0
How al-Andalus wrapped itself in a silk cocoon: the ṭirāz between Umayyad economic policy and Mediterranean trade 安达卢斯如何把自己裹在蚕茧里:倭马亚经济政策与地中海贸易之间的ṭirāz
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2181525
Eneko Lopez-Marigorta
Sericulture and the state supervision of textile production was a longstanding tradition in the Middle East during the pre-Islamic period. However, neither were known in the Iberian Peninsula. With the rise of Islam, the luxury fabrics produced by the state institution of ṭirāz became a prominent symbol of sovereignty, encouraging the Umayyads of al-Andalus (138 h./756–422 h./1031) to create their own ṭirāz workshop, which specialized in silk fabrics, after sericulture was introduced in Iberia under their rule. Little was known about this productive process, as existing studies have tended to focus exclusively on one of the multiple types of evidence available: Arabic, Latin and Hebrew textual sources; chemical, technical and decorative analysis of preserved textiles; and others. This paper uses all the evidence available to undertake a comprehensive study of the operation of the Umayyad ṭirāz workshop in al-Andalus. Beginning with the tributary and administrative factors that surrounded the institution, the process by which demand for silk in the Mediterranean markets gave private merchants the instruments to control the Andalusi textile sector is analysed. By the fifth h./eleventh century, al-Andalus had become the main supplier of silk goods in the Mediterranean.
在前伊斯兰时期,蚕业和国家对纺织品生产的监督是中东的一个长期传统。然而,在伊比利亚半岛,两者都不为人所知。随着伊斯兰教的兴起ṭ伊鲁兹成为主权的突出象征,鼓励安达卢斯的倭马亚王朝(138 h。/756–422 h。/1031)创建自己的ṭirāz作坊,专门生产丝绸织物,在他们统治下的伊比利亚引入蚕业后。人们对这一生产过程知之甚少,因为现有的研究往往只关注现有的多种证据之一:阿拉伯语、拉丁语和希伯来语文本来源;保存纺织品的化学、技术和装饰分析;以及其他。本文利用所有可用的证据对倭马亚王朝的运作进行了全面的研究ṭ在安达卢斯举办的irāz讲习班。从围绕该机构的支流和行政因素开始,分析了地中海市场对丝绸的需求为私人商人提供了控制安达卢西纺织业的工具的过程。到公元五世纪/十一世纪,安达卢斯已成为地中海丝绸商品的主要供应地。
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引用次数: 0
Societies in transition in early Greece: an archaeological history 希腊早期转型社会的考古史
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2200630
M. Santini
historical documents that not only corroborate, but often significantly complement, the information provided by Pagani. The most valuable among them may be the letters written by Trevisan’s son, Marcantonio, a future doge who accompanied his father during the mission. One of them offers fascinating insights into the lengthy and complicated trade agreement negotiations that took two-and-a-half months to conclude. In this letter, sent during a layover in Crete, Marcantonio Trevisan finally felt free to speak about the Egyptian sultan, describing him as an egomaniac, avaricious and choleric by nature, and all this endorsed by the fourth character trait that was his ignorance (è superbissimo, avarissimo, colerico et la quarta, che inchandisse ogni cosa, è ignorante). The volume also includes three colour illustrations. One is the illuminated frontispiece from the ducal commission of Trevisan’s embassy; the other two are from the sixteenth-century manuscript preserved in Paris that contains the only known surviving copy of Pagani’s account. Benedetti and Musacchio compare the two drawings taken from the manuscript to the famous 1590 volume De gli habiti antichi, et moderni di diverse parti del mondo, illustrated by Titian’s cousin Cesare Vecellio, and point out remarkable similarities between the figures of the Mamluk sultan and his courtiers in both volumes. The only thing the reader may find missing in this small masterpiece are the maps that would allow us to follow the movements of the embassy through geographic space, also capturing its progress in time. To top the superbly contextualized account that Benedetti and Musacchio offer in this volume, one would have to delve into the surviving unpublished Mamluk, Ottoman, or Persian primary sources in order to find the additional documents that can shed even more light on the embassy from the perspectives of other powers involved directly or indirectly in this mission.
这些历史文件不仅证实了帕加尼提供的信息,而且往往是对帕加尼信息的重要补充。其中最有价值的可能是特雷维桑的儿子马尔坎托尼奥写的信,他是一只未来的小狗,在任务期间陪伴着他的父亲。其中一篇文章对耗时两个半月才结束的漫长而复杂的贸易协议谈判提供了引人入胜的见解。在这封在克里特岛停留期间发出的信中,Marcantonio Trevisan终于可以自由地谈论埃及苏丹,称他是一个自大狂,生性贪婪和易怒,所有这一切都得到了他的第四个性格特征的支持,那就是他的无知(èsuperbissimo、avarissimo、colerico et la quarta、che inchandisse ogni cosa、èignorante)。该卷还包括三色插图。一个是来自特雷维桑大使馆公爵委员会的发光正面;另外两份是保存在巴黎的十六世纪手稿,其中包含帕加尼叙述的唯一幸存副本。Benedetti和Musaccchio将手稿中的两幅图纸与提香的堂兄Cesare Vecellio绘制的著名的1590年卷《De gli habiti antichi》和《世界上不同党派的现代化》进行了比较,并指出了两卷中马穆鲁克苏丹和他的朝臣人物之间的显著相似之处。读者可能会在这本小杰作中发现,唯一缺少的是地图,这些地图可以让我们在地理空间中跟踪大使馆的动向,也可以及时捕捉大使馆的进展。为了超越Benedetti和Musaccchio在本卷中提供的超现实的叙述,我们必须深入研究幸存的未出版的马穆鲁克、奥斯曼或波斯的主要来源,以便找到更多的文件,从直接或间接参与此次任务的其他权力的角度对大使馆进行更多的了解。
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引用次数: 5
All the grand dukes’ men: an overview of the Persian information network of Medici Tuscany between 1600 and 1639 所有大公的手下:1600年至1639年间托斯卡纳美第奇的波斯信息网络概述
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2190573
Davide Trentacoste
This article provides an overview of the Tuscan information network on Safavid Persia, paying particular attention to the first decades of the seventeenth century. Since Tuscany established diplomatic relations with Persia in an anti-Ottoman spirit, the issue of how the grand dukes were able to obtain information on Persia was also of primary importance. This was because important strategic and diplomatic decisions in the eastern Mediterranean could also depend on the situation in Persia, particularly the military one. Through the analysis of largely unpublished documentation, this article aims to clarify, at least in part, the functioning of the information network concerning Persia, as part of the Tuscan Eastern network, especially focusing on the issue of informers. This will also provide some insights into the evolution of the Persian (and Levantine) information network of Medici Tuscany and on (almost) all the grand dukes’ men involved in it.
本文概述了托斯卡纳关于萨非王朝波斯的信息网络,特别关注17世纪的前几十年。由于托斯卡纳本着反奥斯曼的精神与波斯建立外交关系,大公如何获得有关波斯的信息也是至关重要的。这是因为东地中海的重要战略和外交决策也可能取决于波斯的局势,尤其是军事局势。通过分析大量未发表的文件,本文旨在至少部分澄清有关波斯的信息网络的运作,作为托斯卡纳东部网络的一部分,特别是关注告密者的问题。这也将为Medici Tuscany的波斯(和Levantine)信息网络的演变以及(几乎)所有参与其中的大公的人员提供一些见解。
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引用次数: 1
The story of one acquisition: Hebrew manuscripts from Venetian Candia 一个收购的故事:来自威尼斯加拿大的希伯来语手稿
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2176688
Ilona Steimann
This article focuses on a large group of Hebrew manuscripts that members of the Jewish community in Candia sold to an anonymous Christian in 1541–1543. Not only was selling Jewish books to Christians on such a large scale unusual in the Jewish context, but also many aspects of the acquisition remain unknown. Largely based on the owners’ entries and purchase notes found in the acquired manuscripts and other documentary sources, this study examines the circumstances of the acquisition and its details from both Jewish and Christian perspectives and scrutinizes how each of the parties involved approached the acquisition.
这篇文章关注的是1541-1543年间,加拿大犹太社区的成员将一大批希伯来文手稿卖给了一位匿名的基督徒。在犹太人的背景下,不仅如此大规模地向基督徒出售犹太书籍是不寻常的,而且收购的许多方面也不为人所知。本研究主要基于在获得的手稿和其他文献来源中发现的所有者条目和购买笔记,从犹太教和基督教的角度审视了收购的情况及其细节,并仔细审查了参与收购的各方是如何处理的。
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引用次数: 0
War and religion: Europe and the Mediterranean from the first through the twenty-first centuries 战争与宗教:从一世纪到二十一世纪的欧洲和地中海
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2200530
B. Catlos
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引用次数: 0
The Wolf King: Ibn Mardanīsh and the construction of power in al-Andalus 狼王:伊本·马尔丹斯和安达卢斯的权力建设
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2200504
M. Ballan
and culture across the northern and southern shore, in some cases determining the postcolonial destiny of entire communities: think of the Jews of Algeria and their resettlement in France in the early 1960s, after the Algerian War. That said, this collection opens important research paths, thanks to a careful blending of more theoretical contributions with others that instead take their cue from specific case studies and on a close reading of archival sources. Jews and the Mediterranean ultimately helps us reflect in original ways on the relation between Mediterranean history, its most renowned contributors – from Braudel to Abulafia – and the field of Jewish history. By doing so, it underlines the importance of rethinking Jewish history through categories that do not, or at least not exclusively, refer to imperial or national boundaries, but are centred around a Mediterranean continent – as the French writer Gabriel Audisio wrote in 1935 – which includes the sea, its coasts, and the internal areas interconnected to it, whose investigation appear nowadays more relevant than ever.
以及横跨南北海岸的文化,在某些情况下决定了整个社区的后殖民命运:想想阿尔及利亚的犹太人和他们在阿尔及利亚战争后的20世纪60年代初在法国的重新安置。也就是说,这本合集开辟了重要的研究路径,这要归功于它将更多的理论贡献与其他贡献小心地融合在一起,而不是从具体的案例研究和对档案资料的仔细阅读中获得线索。《犹太人与地中海》最终帮助我们以原始的方式反思地中海历史、地中海历史最著名的贡献者——从布罗代尔到阿布拉菲亚——与犹太历史领域之间的关系。通过这样做,它强调了通过类别重新思考犹太历史的重要性,这些类别不是,或者至少不完全是指帝国或国家边界,而是以地中海大陆为中心-正如法国作家加布里埃尔·奥迪西奥在1935年所写的那样-包括海洋,海岸和与之相连的内部区域,其调查如今显得比以往任何时候都更加相关。
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引用次数: 0
Expressly Orient? Britain’s railway-making in pre-colonial Egypt 明确东方吗?英国在殖民前的埃及修建铁路
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2177816
Ben Zarhi
Constructed in the 1850s with heavy British involvement, the Egyptian railway was the first to be built in a non-European Mediterranean territory. Britain – which neither financed nor owned this railway – nonetheless came to view it as a British possession. Originally envisioned as a highway for connecting the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and India, the railway became a means unto itself in Britain’s drive for a foothold in Egypt. Taking place in a period of both expanding British influence in the Mediterranean and technological innovation, this article centres on the largely overlooked interconnectivity between the railway and Britain’s march to dominance in Egypt. To secure a railway, Britain systematically undermined Ottoman sovereignty in semi-independent Egypt. Britain’s efforts ranged from gunboat diplomacy to combating Ottoman legal reform intended to limit capital punishment, which Britain saw as a prerequisite to safeguarding its interests in Egypt. Moreover, Britain de facto supported the railway’s construction through mass Egyptian forced labour. Once in operation, the railway became a social site that produced de facto colonial racial hierarchies. Combined, the article shows how, decades before the 1882 British occupation of Egypt, the railway project irrevocably contributed to Britain’s gradual colonization of Egypt.
埃及铁路建于19世纪50年代,英国大力参与,是第一条在非欧洲地中海领土上修建的铁路。英国既没有资助也没有拥有这条铁路,尽管如此,它还是把它视为英国的财产。这条铁路最初被设想为连接地中海、红海和印度的高速公路,后来成为英国在埃及寻求立足点的手段。故事发生在英国在地中海地区的影响力不断扩大和技术创新的时期,这篇文章主要关注的是这条铁路与英国在埃及取得统治地位之间的相互联系,而这种联系在很大程度上被忽视了。为了获得一条铁路,英国有计划地破坏奥斯曼帝国在半独立的埃及的主权。英国的努力包括从炮舰外交到对抗奥斯曼旨在限制死刑的法律改革,英国认为这是维护其在埃及利益的先决条件。此外,英国实际上通过大量埃及人的强迫劳动来支持铁路的建设。一旦投入运营,这条铁路就成为了一个社会场所,产生了事实上的殖民地种族等级制度。综合来看,这篇文章展示了在1882年英国占领埃及的几十年前,铁路项目是如何不可逆转地促进了英国对埃及的逐渐殖民。
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引用次数: 0
The Habsburg Mediterranean 1500–1800 1500-1800年的哈布斯堡地中海
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2200515
Caleb Karges
in a second edition or paperback of this title. Despite these minor quibbles, The Wolf King is an original piece of scholarship that is thoroughly researched and beautifully written. It will be useful for historians and art historians, medievalists, and Islamicists alike, seeking to think critically about the articulation of kingship in the Islamic world, the historiographical legacies of alAndalus, and the manner in which borderland dynamics and political legitimation were deeply intertwined in medieval Iberia. The Wolf King is an important work of interdisciplinary and comparative history that employs an array of textual, visual, and material evidence to reincorporate al-Andalus into the broader world of the medieval Mediterranean. There are very few studies that are capable of weaving together various threads and histories into such a rich tapestry with such erudition.
在这个标题的第二版或平装本中。尽管有这些小的争论,《狼王》还是一部经过深入研究、文笔优美的原创学术作品。这将对历史学家和艺术史学家、中世纪主义者和伊斯兰主义者都很有用,他们试图批判性地思考伊斯兰世界中王权的表达、安达卢斯的历史遗产,以及中世纪伊比利亚边疆动态和政治合法化的深刻交织方式。《狼王》是一部跨学科和比较史的重要作品,它采用了一系列文本、视觉和物证,将安达卢斯重新融入中世纪地中海的广阔世界。很少有研究能够将各种线索和历史编织成如此丰富、如此渊博的织锦。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Mediterranean Historical Review
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