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Olympia: a cultural history 奥林匹亚:一部文化历史
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2131080
A. Spawforth
they did – such matters are not suited to this kind of book. In particular, the gazetteer-like approach to geographical regions, while it permits a breadth of coverage that one almost never finds elsewhere, obscures the course of the fighting as seen from 30,000 feet above. Finally, it is meant as no criticism of the editors or contributors to reflect on some topics that receive relatively short shrift. One concerns ethnicity, for this remains, despite the pioneering contribution by Ilicak, and the coverage of European culture and philhellenism, very much a Greek story in which what it is to be Greek is by and large assumed rather than argued for. There are few Muslims in these pages, and the Albanian factor which was so critical throughout, multivalent and complex, falls by the wayside. Likewise, it would have been interesting to have had some consideration of language itself. We know enough about the period to know that the educated secretaries (grammatikoi), who served the leading chieftains, prettified the language they actually spoke; we know too that people commonly spoke more than one language, and often a complex lingua franca as well. Relatively little research exists on spoken communications during the Revolution – slang, curses, jokes, and oaths – so perhaps it is no surprise that it is not discussed here. Although there are chapters on the constitutional assemblies of the Revolution and on economics, much new work is appearing on both the emergence of quasi-modern administrative structures, as well as on the underlying economic imperatives that drove revolutionary decisions and governed military capabilities. We await more work on the agrarian economy, and on taxation as it operated in practice rather than in theory. Finally, and as importantly as anything, the volume says relatively little about popular religious beliefs, the Messianic strain that unquestionably helped shape Greek nationalism and drove the uprising. But it would be quite wrong to end on a carping note. This book is a remarkable achievement, beautifully produced and agreeably rendered into English, which will be an essential companion volume for all students of the Greek revolution for many years to come.
他们做到了&这样的事情不适合这类书。特别是,对地理区域采用类似公报的方法,虽然它允许覆盖范围之广,这在其他地方几乎是找不到的,但从30000英尺高空看,它掩盖了战斗的进程。最后,这意味着不对编辑或撰稿人进行批评,以反思一些相对不受重视的话题。其中一个问题是种族问题,因为尽管伊利亚克做出了开创性的贡献,并报道了欧洲文化和希腊主义,但这仍然是一个希腊故事,在这个故事中,希腊的本质基本上是假设的,而不是争论的。这些页面中几乎没有穆斯林,阿尔巴尼亚因素在整个过程中都是如此关键,多价和复杂,但却被搁置一旁。同样,如果能考虑一下语言本身,也会很有趣。我们对这一时期有足够的了解,知道为主要酋长服务的受过教育的秘书(grammatikoi)美化了他们实际使用的语言;我们也知道,人们通常会说不止一种语言,而且通常还会说一种复杂的通用语。对革命期间的口语交流——俚语、诅咒、笑话和誓言——的研究相对较少,所以这里不讨论它也就不足为奇了。尽管有关于革命制宪会议和经济学的章节,但关于准现代行政结构的出现,以及推动革命决策和管理军事能力的潜在经济需求,都出现了许多新的工作。我们等待着更多关于农业经济和税收的工作,因为它在实践中而不是在理论上运作。最后,同样重要的是,这本书对流行的宗教信仰说得相对较少,这种弥赛亚式的信仰无疑有助于塑造希腊民族主义并推动起义。但如果以挑剔的口吻结束,那就大错特错了。这本书是一项了不起的成就,制作精美,并以令人愉快的方式翻译成英语,在未来的许多年里,它将成为所有希腊革命学生的重要配套书籍。
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引用次数: 0
Εκκρεμείς λογαριασμοί της Ιθάκης με την μεσαιωνική & ενετική Ιστορία (της) [Unsettled accounts between Ithaca and (its) mediaeval & Venetian history] 伊萨卡和(其)中世纪威尼斯历史之间的未结算账目
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2052490
Kyriaco Nikias
position, and threatened to excommunicate those involved in abortions. While Christopoulos hints that this stark approach altered the way abortions were seen in modern Italian society, his book leaves us wondering what we are to find on rummaging through archives of courts and hospitals; what remained privately tolerated though publicly condemned? A final note. Abortion in Early Modern Italy regards the state of affairs outside Italy only in passing. We may suppose that at least some of these patterns would be replicated in other parts of southern Europe which shared medical and Catholic ideas and practices, but were bound by different legal traditions and geographically distant from papal scrutiny. Although surely beyond the scope of this engrossing and wonderfully researched book, this comparison could perhaps answer a question that is left open: to what degree is the ambivalence and leniency towards abortion a product of the Italian social structure and its own particular preoccupation with avoiding public shame and striving for absolution? Christopoulos effectively shows how the inherent ambiguities of pre-modern medical understanding of women’s bodies coincided with the developments of Catholicism in its reformatory era, as well as the characteristics of the Italian legal processes of the period. Yet his argument also points to the profound need in such matters to bridge necessity and morality, ideology and incidence. In this, Abortion in Early Modern Italy encourages us to consider more broadly the gaps and ambivalences in handling abortions in other cultures, by which, perhaps, we might open new avenues with which to rethink and recalibrate the meanings and rhetoric of heated contemporary debates.
并威胁要将那些参与堕胎的人逐出教会。Christopoulos暗示,这种赤裸裸的做法改变了现代意大利社会对堕胎的看法,但他的书让我们想知道,在翻找法院和医院的档案时,我们会发现什么;什么东西在公开谴责的同时仍然被私下容忍?最后一个音符。近代早期意大利的堕胎只是顺便考虑一下意大利以外的情况。我们可以假设,至少其中一些模式会在南欧的其他地区复制,这些地区有着共同的医学和天主教思想和实践,但受到不同法律传统的约束,在地理上远离教皇的审查。尽管这肯定超出了这本引人入胜、研究精彩的书的范围,但这种比较或许可以回答一个悬而未决的问题:对堕胎的矛盾和宽容在多大程度上是意大利社会结构的产物,以及它自己对避免公众羞耻和争取赦免的特殊关注?Christopoulos有效地展示了前现代医学对女性身体的固有模糊性如何与天主教在其改革时代的发展相吻合,以及这一时期意大利法律程序的特点。然而,他的论点也指出,在这些问题上,需要将必要性与道德、意识形态和偶然性联系起来。在这一点上,《现代早期意大利的堕胎》鼓励我们更广泛地考虑其他文化中处理堕胎问题的差距和矛盾心理,通过这一点,我们或许可以开辟新的途径,重新思考和调整当代激烈辩论的含义和措辞。
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引用次数: 1
That most precious merchandise: the Mediterranean trade in Black Sea slaves, 1260–1500 最珍贵的商品:地中海黑海奴隶贸易,1260-1500
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2055929
J. M. White
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引用次数: 0
The Captive Sea: slavery, communication, and commerce in early modern Spain and the Mediterranean 被俘的海洋:近代早期西班牙和地中海的奴隶制、通讯和商业
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2052476
Ali Atabey
the benefit of the Ottomans, with wide-ranging world historical ramifications. All the same, Barker’s book is not only essential reading for Mediterranean medievalists and students of Mamluk history, but for Ottomanist scholars as well. They will all discover a study that invites comparison and raises numerous questions that will shape future research. Skilfully wielding complementary source sets and methodologies, Barker has written an admirably clear and concise, convincingly argued and rigorously documented study. Accessible to students, it is an excellent introduction to the practice and persistence of slavery in the medieval Mediterranean world.
奥斯曼人的利益,具有广泛的世界历史影响。尽管如此,巴克的书不仅是地中海中世纪主义者和马穆鲁克历史学生的必读之作,也是奥斯曼学者的必读书目。他们都将发现一项值得比较的研究,并提出许多问题,这些问题将影响未来的研究。巴克巧妙地运用了互补的来源集和方法论,写了一篇令人钦佩的清晰简洁、令人信服的论证和严格记录的研究报告。这本书对学生来说是一本很好的入门书,介绍了中世纪地中海世界奴隶制的实践和持续存在。
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引用次数: 0
Στη δίνη της Χιακής καταστροφής (1822)· Διασταυρούμενες ιστορίες και συλλογική ταυτότητα [Entangled histories and collective identity: narratives of the Chios Massacre] (1822) 纠缠的历史和集体身份:关于基奥斯大屠杀的叙述(1822)
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2052484
Gonda Van Steen
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引用次数: 0
Abortion in early modern Italy 近代早期意大利的堕胎
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2052487
Naama Cohen-Hanegbi
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引用次数: 0
The story of garum: fermented fish sauce and salted fish in the ancient world garum的故事:古代发酵鱼露和咸鱼
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2052495
Susan Weingarten
Testamenti di Greci e Veneziani redatti a Venezia ο in territorìo greco-veneziano nei sec. XIV– XVII (Istituto Ellenico di Studi Bizantini e Postbizantini:Venice 2007) 185–93. 2. S.P. Lambros, “Η υπό του Ριχάρδου Ορσίνη παραχώρησις της Ιθάκης”, Νέος Ελληνομνήμων 11 (1914): 414–16; K. Nikias, “Class and society in Ithaca under Tocco and early Venetian rule (1357–ca. 1600)”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies (forthcoming). 3. C.N. Sathas, Documents inédits relatifs à l’histoire de la Grèce au Moyen Âge, vol. IX, 166– 67 (Maisonneuve: Paris 1890); vol. VI, 215–16 (Maisonneuve: Paris 1884). 4. Zapanti, Γεώργιος Βλασόπουλος. Νοτάριος Ιθάκης, 1636–1648. 5. “[A]l presente disabit[at]a, ma per relation se ha era za fertile et fructifera”: Sathas, Documents inédits relatifs à l’histoire de la Grèce au Moyen Âge, vol. V, 157 (Maisonneuve: Paris 1883); cf. A. Meliarakes, Γεωγραφία πολιτική νέα και αρχαία του νομού Κεφαλληνίας (Τυπογραφείον Αδελφών Περρή: Athens 1890), 191. 6. Nikias, “Class and Society in Ithaca under Tocco and Early Venetian Rule (1357–ca. 1600).” 7. Ibid., 2. 8. Ibid. 9. See the documents produced in Lekatsas, Η Ιθάκη, vol II, 94–178.
《格雷西和威尼斯测试》第十四章至第十七章(《比赞蒂尼和后拜占庭研究所:威尼斯》,2007年),第185-93页。2.S.P.兰布罗斯,“理查德·奥尔西尼斯统治下的伊萨卡租界”,《新希腊记忆》11(1914):414–16;K.Nikias,“托科和早期威尼斯统治下伊萨卡的阶级和社会(1357–约1600)”,拜占庭和现代希腊研究(推进)。3.C.N.Sathas,《与莫耶恩日历史相关的文献》,第九卷,166–67(Maisonneuve:巴黎1890);第六卷,215–16(Maisonneuve:巴黎,1884年)。扎潘蒂,乔治奥斯·弗拉索普洛斯。伊萨卡公证人,1636-1648。5.“[A]l present disabit[at]A,ma per relationship se ha era za ferrable and fruitifera”:萨塔斯,《莫耶恩日历史关系文献》,第五卷,157(Maisonneuve:巴黎1883年);参见A.Meliarakes,地理政治新闻和Kefalonia州的古代(Perri Brothers的印刷术:1890年雅典),191。“托科和早期威尼斯统治下伊萨卡的阶级和社会(1357年-约1600年)”。同上,2。8.同上。9。见伊萨卡Lekatsas制作的文件,第二卷,94-178。
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引用次数: 0
Religious fervour in the Cyclades (1823–1842): seers, discoveries of holy objects, and Protestant missionaries 基克拉迪群岛的宗教狂热(1823-1842):预言家、圣物的发现和新教传教士
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2059647
Katerina Seraïdari
This article examines a wave of divine interventions on four Cycladic Islands (Tinos, Naxos, Syros, and Santorini) in the 1820s and 1830s. The aim is to understand the social dynamics that created a specific atmosphere of religious fervour in the Aegean during that period and to build an idea of lay practice and lay reaction to the arrival of a Catholic sovereign and Protestant missionaries. Missionaries provided islanders with a new lens for looking at and questioning their own traditional religious practices. However, instead of rejection, their intervention brought about renewed commitment and zeal. In an attempt to prove the superiority of their own religion, Orthodox from the Cyclades started to unearth icons, crosses, and bones at the very moment that they were accused by Protestants of superstition.
本文考察了19世纪20年代和30年代发生在基克拉迪群岛(蒂诺斯岛、纳克索斯岛、西罗斯岛和圣托里尼岛)的神的干预浪潮。目的是了解当时在爱琴海地区创造宗教狂热氛围的社会动态,并建立世俗行为的概念以及世俗对天主教君主和新教传教士到来的反应。传教士为岛民提供了一个新的视角来审视和质疑他们自己的传统宗教习俗。然而,他们的介入非但没有拒绝,反而带来了新的承诺和热情。为了证明自己宗教的优越性,基克拉迪群岛的东正教徒在被新教徒指责为迷信的时候,开始挖掘圣像、十字架和骨头。
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引用次数: 0
The rise of the Sicilian question in the 1840s: the Italian reaction to geopolitical insecurity in the Mediterranean 19世纪40年代西西里问题的兴起:意大利对地中海地缘政治不安全的反应
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2052653
M. Šedivý
During the 1840s Italian society began to see the Mediterranean region as a dangerous place to live, owing to what was regarded as threats represented by Austria, Great Britain, France, and even Russia and the United States. This conviction resulted from various affairs both within and outside Europe, where the same powers were accused of behaving in an overtly aggressive way, which was used as an argument for the political unity of Italy’s various states in order to give them greater strength for defence. Since danger was seen all around, this unity became important for both the peninsular Italians and the Sicilians, who agreed on the need to establish an Italian league with federal land and naval forces. The principal objective of this paper is to show that the question of Sicily’s future was seen as a question of not only Italy’s security, but also of its future position in the Mediterranean as a whole, and that the de facto unanimous support of Sicily’s membership in the league in 1848 resulted from this self-protecting response that, moreover, already contained proto-imperialist tendencies in which for geostrategic reasons the island played an important role.
19世纪40年代,由于奥地利、英国、法国,甚至俄罗斯和美国的威胁,意大利社会开始将地中海地区视为一个危险的居住地。这种信念源于欧洲内外的各种事务,在这些事务中,同样的权力被指责以公开的侵略方式行事,这被用来作为意大利各个国家政治统一的理由,以赋予他们更大的防御力量。由于危险无处不在,这种团结对半岛上的意大利人和西西里人来说都很重要,他们一致认为有必要建立一个拥有联邦陆海军的意大利联盟。本文的主要目的是表明,西西里岛的未来问题不仅被视为意大利的安全问题,而且还被视为其在整个地中海的未来地位的问题,以及事实上一致支持西西里岛在1848年的联盟成员资格源于这种自我保护的反应,此外,已经包含了原始帝国主义倾向,其中出于地缘战略原因,该岛发挥了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Italy’s sea: empire and nation in the Mediterranean, 1895–1945 意大利的海洋:地中海的帝国和民族,1895年-1945年
IF 0.3 2区 历史学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2022.2052483
Alexis Rappas
additions. In short, what Hershenzon achieves is no small thing. He turns on its head a phenomenon that has traditionally been treated as the ultimate proof of a religious and cultural divide, instead presenting it as a medium contributing to the connectedness of the early modern Mediterranean. This book will likely influence the field for years to come and should be read by any student or researcher of early modern Mediterranean history.
添加。简而言之,赫申松所取得的成就绝非小事。他颠覆了传统上被视为宗教和文化分歧的最终证明的现象,而将其视为促进早期现代地中海联系的媒介。这本书可能会在未来几年影响该领域,任何现代地中海早期历史的学生或研究人员都应该阅读。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Mediterranean Historical Review
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