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Evaluating the structural and predictive validity of a derivational morphology task with struggling adult readers. 对有困难的成年读者进行派生词形态任务的结构和预测有效性评估。
IF 2 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11145-023-10462-y
Gal Kaldes, Elizabeth L Tighe

The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the underlying assessment structure of the Derivational Morphology Task (DMORPH) and (b) investigate the relation of the DMORPH to vocabulary and reading comprehension outcomes with a sample of struggling adult readers. Specifically, participants included 218 struggling adult readers enrolled in adult literacy classes. We used item-level analyses to evaluate the underlying structure of the DMORPH. Items with phonological (e.g., "music" to "musician") and non-phonological transformations ("teach" to "teacher") were examined in relation to adult literacy students' vocabulary and reading comprehension skills. A bifactor model was the best fit to the data, suggesting that the DMORPH measured a single factor of derivational morphological awareness with some variation due to phonological and non-phonological change items. Follow-up analyses revealed that the DMORPH can essentially be considered unidimensional, which justified the use of a single scoring system for the DMORPH with adult literacy students. However, after controlling for word reading and phonological awareness, the phonological change items uniquely predicted vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension, whereas the non-phonological change items were not significant. The results support the structural validity of the DMORPH and the need to use both phonological and non-phonological change items with adult literacy students. The present findings also provide insight into potential intervention targets for instructors in adult literacy programs who are interested in improving students' vocabulary and reading comprehension skills.

本研究的目的是:(a) 检验派生词词形任务 (DMORPH) 的基本评估结构;(b) 以有学习困难的成年读者为样本,研究 DMORPH 与词汇和阅读理解结果之间的关系。具体来说,参与者包括 218 名参加成人扫盲班的学习有困难的成人读者。我们使用项目级分析来评估 DMORPH 的基本结构。我们研究了语音转换(如 "音乐 "到 "音乐家")和非语音转换("教 "到 "老师")项目与成人扫盲学生的词汇量和阅读理解能力之间的关系。双因子模型是数据的最佳拟合模型,表明 DMORPH 测定的是派生形态认知的单因子,但语音和非语音变化项目会产生一些变化。后续分析表明,DMORPH基本上可以被视为单维度的,这就证明对成人扫盲学生的DMORPH使用单一评分系统是合理的。然而,在控制了单词阅读和语音意识之后,语音变化项目对词汇知识和阅读理解有独特的预测作用,而非语音变化项目则不显著。这些结果证明了 DMORPH 的结构有效性,以及对成年扫盲学生同时使用语音和非语音变化项目的必要性。本研究结果还为有意提高学生词汇量和阅读理解能力的成人扫盲课程教师提供了潜在的干预目标。
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引用次数: 0
A robust time scale for space applications using the student’s t-distribution 使用学生 t 分布的稳健空间应用时间尺度
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad7606
Hamish McPhee, Jean-Yves Tourneret, David Valat, Jérôme Delporte, Yoan Grégoire and Philippe Paimblanc
In this article, the principles of robust estimation are applied to the standard basic time scale equation to obtain a new method of assigning weights to clocks. Specifically, the Student’s t-distribution is introduced as a new statistical model for an ensemble of clocks that are experiencing phase jumps, frequency jumps or anomalies in their measurement links. The proposed robust time scale is designed to mitigate the effects of these anomalies without necessarily identifying them, but through applying a method of robust estimation for the parameters of a Student’s t-distribution. The proposed time scale algorithm using the Student’s t-distribution (ATST) is shown to achieve comparable robustness to phase jumps, frequency jumps, and anomalies in the measurements with respect to the AT1 oracle time scale. The AT1 oracle is a special realization of the AT1 time scale which corrects all anomalies by having prior knowledge of their occurrences. The similar performance of ATST and AT1 oracle suggests that the ATST algorithm is efficient for obtaining robustness with no prior knowledge or detection of the occurrences of anomalies.
本文将稳健估计原理应用于标准基本时标方程,从而获得一种为时钟分配权重的新方法。具体来说,本文引入了学生 t 分布作为一种新的统计模型,用于测量链路中出现相位跳变、频率跳变或异常的时钟群。提议的稳健时间尺度旨在减轻这些异常的影响,但不一定要识别它们,而是通过应用一种稳健估计学生 t 分布参数的方法。使用学生 t 分布(ATST)的拟议时间尺度算法在相位跳跃、频率跳跃和测量异常方面的鲁棒性与 AT1 甲骨文时间尺度相当。AT1 甲骨文是 AT1 时间尺度的一种特殊实现,它通过事先了解异常情况的发生来纠正所有异常情况。ATST 和 AT1 oracle 相似的性能表明,ATST 算法可以在不预先知道或检测异常发生的情况下有效地获得稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
A digital four-arm bridge for the comparison of resistance with capacitance 用于比较电阻和电容的数字四臂电桥
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad7590
Yicheng Wang and Stephan Schlamminger
We have built and demonstrated a digital four-arm bridge for the comparison of resistance with capacitance. The digital four-arm bridge mimics the classical quad bridge in the digital domain with three balances: the source balance, the detector balance, as well as the main balance. Due to correlation, the required precision of the source voltages is only of the order of the square root of the ultimate bridge precision. For the comparison of a 100 kΩ resistor with a 1 nF capacitor near 1592 Hz, the combined standard uncertainty is .
我们制作并演示了用于电阻与电容比较的数字四臂电桥。数字四臂电桥在数字域模仿了经典的四臂电桥,具有三个平衡:源平衡、检测器平衡和主平衡。由于相关性,对源电压精度的要求仅为最终电桥精度平方根的数量级。对于 100 kΩ 电阻器与 1 nF 电容器在 1592 Hz 附近的比较,综合标准不确定度为 .
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引用次数: 0
Traceable characterisation of fibre-coupled single-photon detectors 光纤耦合单光子探测器的可追溯特性分析
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad70bc
Luke Arabskyj, Philip R Dolan, Adam L Parke, Ted S Santana, Simon R G Hall, Geiland Porrovecchio, Marek Smid, Marco Lucamarini, Christopher J Chunnilall
The detection of single photons plays an essential role in advancing single-photon science and technologies. Yet, within the visible/near-infrared spectral region, accurate fibre-based optical power measurements at the few-photon level are not yet well-established. In this study, we report on a fibre-based setup, enabling traceable optical power measurements at the few-photon level in this spectral region. The setup was used to calibrate the detection efficiency (DE) of four single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors. The relative standard uncertainties on the mean DE values obtained from repeat fibre-to-detector couplings ranged from 0.67% to 0.81% (k = 2). However, the relative standard deviation of DE values, which ranged from 1.38% to 3.20% (k = 2), poses a challenge for the metrology of these devices and applications that require high accuracy and repeatability. We investigated the source of these variations by spatially mapping the response of a detector’s fibre connector port, using a focused free-space beam, allowing us to estimate the detector’s spatial non-uniformity. In addition, we realise a novel calibration approach for fibre-coupled SPADs in a free-space configuration, enabling a direct comparison between the fibre-based setup and the National Physical Laboratory’s established free-space facility using a single SPAD. Finally, we investigated alternative coupling methods, testing the repeatability of different fibre-to-fibre connectors in addition to direct fibre-to-detector couplings: SPADs from three manufacturers were tested, with both single-mode and multi-mode fibre.
单光子探测在推动单光子科学和技术发展方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,在可见光/近红外光谱区,基于光纤的少光子级精确光功率测量尚未得到充分证实。在本研究中,我们报告了一种基于光纤的装置,该装置能够在该光谱区域进行可追溯的少光子级光功率测量。该装置用于校准四个单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)探测器的探测效率(DE)。重复光纤到探测器耦合得到的平均 DE 值的相对标准不确定性在 0.67% 到 0.81% 之间(k = 2)。然而,DE 值的相对标准偏差从 1.38% 到 3.20%(k = 2)不等,这对这些设备的计量以及要求高精度和可重复性的应用提出了挑战。我们通过使用聚焦自由空间光束对探测器光纤连接器端口的响应进行空间映射,研究了这些变化的来源,从而估算出探测器的空间不均匀性。此外,我们还为自由空间配置中的光纤耦合 SPAD 实现了一种新的校准方法,从而能够将基于光纤的设置与国家物理实验室利用单个 SPAD 建立的自由空间设施进行直接比较。最后,我们还研究了其他耦合方法,除了光纤到探测器的直接耦合外,还测试了不同光纤到光纤连接器的可重复性:我们使用单模和多模光纤对三家制造商生产的 SPAD 进行了测试。
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引用次数: 0
An emf-temperature reference function for Pt–20%Rh versus Pt thermocouples in the temperature range of 0 °C to 1100 °C 0 °C 至 1100 °C 温度范围内 Pt-20%Rh 与铂热电偶的电势-温度参考函数
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad746b
F Edler, P Ederer, K Huang
An electromotive force–temperature reference function for thermocouples made of platinum–20%rhodium versus platinum (Pt–20%Rh/Pt) was determined for the temperature range from 0 °C to 1100 °C. Three Pt–20%Rh/Pt thermocouples were constructed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and were compared with standard platinum resistance thermometers, an Au/Pt thermocouple and a Pt/Pd thermocouple, which were all calibrated at fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). The comparison measurements were performed in stirred liquid baths in the range from 0 °C to 545 °C, in a sodium heat pipe from 560 °C to 980 °C, and in a five-zone furnace at temperatures between 1000 °C and 1100 °C. Furthermore, the Pt–20%Rh/Pt thermocouples were calibrated at fixed points of the ITS-90. The PTB reference function based on two of the three Pt–20%Rh/Pt thermocouples has an expanded measurement uncertainty of 0.25 K in the temperature range from 0 °C to 1100 °C.
在 0 °C 至 1100 °C 的温度范围内,测定了由铂-20% 铑与铂(Pt-20%Rh/Pt)制成的热电偶的电动势-温度参考函数。在德国联邦物理技术局(PTB)制造了三个 Pt-20%Rh/Pt 热电偶,并将其与标准铂电阻温度计、金/铂热电偶和铂/钯热电偶进行了比较,这些热电偶都在 1990 年国际温标(ITS-90)的固定点上进行了校准。对比测量是在 0 °C 至 545 °C 的搅拌液浴、560 °C 至 980 °C 的钠热管以及 1000 °C 至 1100 °C 的五区炉中进行的。此外,还在 ITS-90 的固定点对 Pt-20%Rh/Pt 热电偶进行了校准。在 0 °C 至 1100 °C 的温度范围内,基于三个 Pt-20%Rh/Pt 热电偶中的两个的 PTB 参考函数的测量不确定度为 0.25 K。
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引用次数: 0
Phase reconstruction by phase shift estimation with reliable parameter minimization 通过可靠参数最小化的相移估计进行相位重构
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad6b2f
Yu Zhang, Bao Liu
Achieving a balance between accuracy and speed in phase reconstruction is a challenging problem. In phase-shifting interferometry, increasing the speed by reducing the number of phase shifts while maintaining high accuracy is highly desirable. We propose an accurate and efficient two-step phase reconstruction method utilizing random phase shift. This method directly estimates the phase shift through reliable parameter minimization, allowing for easy and precise phase reconstruction. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our method across various scenarios, outperforming well-known two-step phase-shifting algorithms. We expect this paper to provide a general and powerful tool for phase reconstruction.
在相位重建中实现精度和速度之间的平衡是一个具有挑战性的问题。在移相干涉测量中,在保持高精度的同时,通过减少移相次数来提高速度是非常理想的。我们提出了一种利用随机相移的精确而高效的两步相位重建方法。该方法通过可靠的参数最小化直接估算相移,从而轻松实现精确的相位重建。模拟和实验证明了我们的方法在各种情况下的卓越性能,优于著名的两步相移算法。我们期待本文能为相位重建提供一个通用而强大的工具。
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引用次数: 0
COOMET key comparison COOMET.PR-K1.a.2018 for spectral irradiance 250 nm to 2500 nmm, final report COOMET 关键比较 COOMET.PR-K1.a.2018(光谱辐照度 250 nm 至 2500 nmm),最终报告
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/02001
B B Khlevnoy, M V Solodilov, S S Kolesnikova, D A Otryaskin, I V Korseko, S V Nikanenka, M V Huriev, F Sametoğlu
Main textThis report describes the Key Comparison COOMET.R-K1.a.2018 for spectral irradiance in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 2500 nm, conducted by the Regional Metrology Organization "Euro-Asian Cooperation of National Metrological Institutions" (COOMET). The comparison was, in fact, a combination of three bilateral comparisons with the same link/pilot laboratory - the All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI), the Russian Federation. The non-link laboratories were the Belarusian State Institute of Metrology (BelGIM), Belarus, the National Scientific Centre "Institute of Metrology" (NSC IM), Ukraine, and the National Metrology Institute of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK UME), Türkiye.The aim of the comparison was to link the BelGIM, NSC IM and TÜBİTAK UME measurement results to the CIPM key comparison CCPR-K1.a.2017, conducted by the Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR).Tungsten quartz halogen lamps of the FEL type (1000 W) were used as artefacts. Each participant used its own set of lamps. The sequence of measurements was participant - pilot - participant. The pilot measurements of the described here COOMET comparison were performed in a short time (within three months) after completing the measurements of CCPR-K1.a.2017, where VNIIOFI also was a pilot, which provided a high quality link.NSC IM performed measurements in the full spectral range, from 250 nm to 2500 nm, while BelGIM and TÜBİTAK UME managed to cover the range from 250 nm to 1100 nm only.The analysis of the comparison was performed following the approach described in the Appendix A of the Guidelines for CCPR and RMO Bilateral Key Comparisons (CCPR-G5). Differences from KCRV of BelGIM and TÜBİTAK UME, for the most of the measured wavelengths, do not exceed 2% and are within the expanded uncertainties. For NSC IM the differences from KCRV are within or comparable with the uncertainties in the IR range, from 900 nm to 2500 nm, but become larger with decreasing wavelength in the visible and UV reaching 9% at 250 nm.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
正文本报告介绍了 "欧亚国家计量机构合作 "区域计量组织(COOMET)针对波长范围为 250 纳米至 2500 纳米的光谱辐照度开展的 COOMET.R-K1.a.2018 关键比对。事实上,此次比对是三次双边比对的组合,比对实验室是同一个联系/试点实验室--俄罗斯联邦全俄光学和物理测量研究所(VNIIOFI)。非链接实验室是白俄罗斯的白俄罗斯国家计量研究院(BelGIM)、乌克兰的国家科学中心 "计量研究院"(NSC IM)和土耳其的土耳其国家计量研究院(TÜBİTAK UME)。比对的目的是将白俄罗斯国家计量研究院(BelGIM)、乌克兰国家科学中心 "计量研究院"(NSC IM)和土耳其国家计量研究院(TÜBİTAK UME)的测量结果与光电咨询委员会开展的 CIPM 关键比对 CCPR-K1.a.2017 联系起来、光度和辐射度量咨询委员会(CCPR)进行的 CCPR-K1.a.2017 关键比对。每个参与者都使用自己的灯具。测量顺序为参与者-试验者-参与者。这里描述的 COOMET 对比试验测量是在完成 CCPR-K1.a.2017 测量后的短时间内(三个月内)进行的、NSC IM 在 250 nm 至 2500 nm 的全光谱范围内进行了测量,而 BelGIM 和 TÜBİTAK UME 只覆盖了 250 nm 至 1100 nm 的范围。在大多数测量波长上,BelGIM 和 TÜBİTAK UME 的 KCRV 差异不超过 2%,且在扩大的不确定性范围内。对于 NSC IM,KCRV 与红外波长范围(900 nm 至 2500 nm)内的不确定度的差值不超过或与不确定度相当,但随着可见光和紫外波长的减小而增大,在 250 nm 时达到 9%。请注意,此文本为 BIPM 关键比对数据库附录 B 中的文本 https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The 根据 CIPM 互认安排 (CIPM MRA) 的规定,最终报告已通过同行评审,并批准由 CCPR 出版。
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引用次数: 0
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with CMS/ITRI, March 2024 最终报告,正在进行的关键比较 BIPM.QM-K1,环境水平的臭氧,与 CMS/ITRI 的比较,2024 年 3 月
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/08013
Joële Viallon, Faraz Idrees, Philippe Moussay, Robert Wielgosz, Jim Norris, Peter Trask, Shih-Fang Chen, Yun Feng
Main textAs part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of Chinese Taipei maintained by the Industrial Technology Research Institute/Center for Measurement Standards (CMS/ITRI) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol−1 to 500 nmol mol−1.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
正文 作为正在进行的关键比对 BIPM.QM-K1 的一部分,对由工业技术研究院/测量标准中心 (CMS/ITRI)维护的中国台北臭氧标准和由国际计量局(BIPM)维护的关键比对共同参 照标准进行了比对。这些仪器在 0 nmol mol-1 至 500 nmol mol-1 的标称臭氧量分数范围内进行了比较。请注意,本文是出现在 BIPM 关键对比数据库附录 B 中的内容 https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The 根据 CIPM 互认安排(CIPM MRA)的规定,最终报告已经过同行评审,并获准由 CCQM 出版。
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引用次数: 0
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with VSL, April 2024 最终报告,正在进行的关键比较 BIPM.QM-K1,环境水平的臭氧,与 VSL 的比较,2024 年 4 月
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/08012
Joële Viallon, Faraz Idrees, Philippe Moussay, Robert Wielgosz, Luuk Meijer, Adriaan van der Veen
Main textAs part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of the Netherlands maintained by the Van Swinden Laboratorium (VSL) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol−1 to 500 nmol mol−1.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
正文 作为正在进行的关键比对 BIPM.QM-K1 的一部分,对由 Van Swinden Laboratorium (VSL) 维护的荷兰臭氧标准和由国际计量局 (BIPM) 维护的关键比对通用参考标准进行了比对。这些仪器在 0 nmol mol-1 至 500 nmol mol-1 的标称臭氧量分数范围内进行了比较。请注意,本文是出现在 BIPM 关键对比数据库附录 B 中的内容 https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The 根据 CIPM 互认安排(CIPM MRA)的规定,最终报告已经过同行评审,并获准由 CCQM 出版。
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引用次数: 0
Intercontinental frequency ratio measurement of 171 Yb and 88 Sr optical lattice clocks 171 Yb 和 88 Sr 光晶格时钟的洲际频率比测量
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad6a1e
Piotr Morzyński, Sławomir Bilicki, Marcin Bober, Domagoj Kovačić, Roman Ciuryło, Michał Zawada, Jerzy Nawrocki, Piotr Dunst, Takumi Kobayashi, Kazumoto Hosaka, Daisuke Akamatsu
We report a remote, intercontinental frequency comparison between 171Yb (NMIJ) and 88Sr (UMK) optical lattice clocks. The frequencies were compared via the Global Positioning System Precise Point Positioning technique over the period from 10 March 2020, 00:00 UTC until 15 March 2020, 00:00 UTC. The comparison of the optical clocks yields results with a relative frequency uncertainty of 6.3×1015.
我们报告了 171Yb(NMIJ)和 88Sr(UMK)光晶格时钟之间的远程洲际频率比较。从 2020 年 3 月 10 日 00:00 UTC 至 2020 年 3 月 15 日 00:00 UTC 期间,通过全球定位系统精确点定位技术对这两个时钟的频率进行了比较。光学时钟比较得出的相对频率不确定性为 6.3×10-15。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Metrologia
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