Metrologia最新文献

{"title":"APMP.QM-S19: Toxic elements in seafood","authors":"Kelvin Chun-wai Tse, Wai-hong Fung, Mala Khan, Soraya Sandoval Riquelme, Javier Vera, Li Xiao, Lu Hai, Ronald Cristancho, Adriana Rodriguez, Diego A Garzon Z , Carlos Andres España, Elias Kakoulides, G Karanikolopoulos, E Stathoudaki, V Schoina, Christine Elishian, Isna Komalasari, Luigi Bergamaschi, Giancarlo D'Agostino, Marco di Luzio, Shin-ichi Miyashita, Maria-del-Rocio Arvizu-Torres, Emilia Vasileva-Veleva, Elmer Carrasco, Alleni T Junsay, Michał Strzelec, Richard Shin, Radojko Jaćimović, Milena Horvat, Darja Mazej, Adna Alilović, Tea Zuliani, Angelique Botha, Maré Linsky, Nunnapus Laitip, Ramiro Pérez Zambra, Romina Napoli","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/08001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/08001","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>Seafood is one of the major food resources for human consumption in the world. The CODEX Alimentarius Commission and many jurisdictions have set maximum levels of metallic contaminants in seafood. The use of reliable methods for measurement of metallic contaminants is important in safeguarding the quality of these products and public health.The Supplementary Comparison APMP.QM-S19: Toxic Elements in Seafood was coordinated by the Government Laboratory, Hong Kong, China (GLHK). Four measurands (arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead) in seafood were chosen. The last CCQM or RMO key comparison / supplementary comparison in the area of metallic contaminants in seafood was organized by GLHK in 2011 (APMP.QM-S5). Hence, it was timely to organize another comparison that covers different measurands. This Supplementary Comparison (APMP.QM-S19) offers different analytical challenges (e.g. in analysis of mercury and a different range of measurands) as compared to the previous comparison. Moreover, it enabled National Metrology Institutes / Designated Institutes (NMIs/DIs) that did not participate in the previous comparisons to demonstrate their measurement competencies.Nineteen institutes participated in APMP.QM-S19. Most participating NMIs/DIs employed microwave-assisted acid digestion for sample dissolution. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), including triple quadrupole and sector field, were the most commonly used instrumental techniques. Results of all participating NMIs/DIs were evaluated against the supplementary comparison reference value (SCRV). The SCRV and associated uncertainty were determined from results of NMIs/DIs that participated in the supplementary comparison using methods with demonstrated metrological traceability. Median was used as estimator of the SCRVs. For arsenic, the SCRV was 1.342 mg/kg calculated from 15 participating NMIs/DIs. For arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, the SCRVs were 1.342 mg/kg, 0.3630 mg/kg, 0.1230 mg/kg and 0.4101 mg/kg, respectively, calculated from 15, 14, 13 and 11 participating NMIs/DIs.Participating NMIs/DIs that have successfully participated in APMP.QM-S19 have demonstrated measurement capabilities in determining inorganic elements, in a mass fraction range from 0.02 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg in high organic content matrix, including seafood of animal origin and high protein food.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/apmp-qm-s19\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CCEM key comparison CCEM.RF-K26. Attenuation at 18 GHz, 26.5 GHz and 40 GHz using a step attenuator. Final report of the pilot laboratory","authors":"A Widarta","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/01001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/01001","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>This report summarizes the results of the Key Comparison CCEM.RF-K26 Attenuation at 18 GHz, 26.5 GHz and 40 GHz using a step attenuator which has been performed from January 2015 to February 2018. Fourteen National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) participated in this key comparison, including the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ/AIST, Japan) which served as pilot laboratory, the National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China), the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstal (PTB, Germany), the Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE, France), the Swiss Federal Office for Metrology and Accreditation (METAS, Switzerland), the National Physical Laboratory of India (NPLI, India), the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physico-Technical Measurements (VNIIFTRI, Russia), the Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS, South Korea), the National Physical Laboratory (NPL, United Kingdom), the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA, South Africa), the Tubitak Ulusal Metrologi Enstitűsű (TUBITAK-UME, Turkey), the National Metrology Centre (NMC-A*STAR, Singapore), the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI, Czech Republic) and the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA, Spain). The Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) were determined from the measurement results of five to ten participating NMIs, depending on the attenuation and frequency.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/ccem-rf-k26\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International comparison of measurements of neutron source emission rate (2016-2021) - CCRI(III)-K9.Cf.2016","authors":"N J Roberts, N A Horwood, Z Vykydal, H Park, J Kim, W W Pereira, E S da Fonseca, C Thiam, Zhang Hui, M S Dewey, H P Mumm, H Harano, T Matsumoto, A Masuda, S Manabe, J P Archambault, N N Moiseev, A V Didyk","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/06001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/06001","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>Section III (neutron measurements) of the Comité Consultatif des Rayonnements Ionisants, CCRI, conducted a comparison of primary measurements of the neutron emission rate of a ²⁵²Cf radionuclide source. A single ²⁵²Cf source was circulated to all participants between 2016 and 2020. Ten laboratories participated -CMI (Czech Republic), KRISS (Republic of Korea), IRD/LNMRI (Brazil), LNE-LNHB (France), NIM (China), NIST (USA), NMIJ (Japan), NPL (UK), NRC (Canada) and VNIIM (Russia) - with NPL making their measurements at the start and repeating them at the end of the exercise to verify the ²⁵⁰Cf content of the source. Each laboratory reported the emission rate into 4π sr together with a detailed uncertainty budget. All participants used the manganese bath technique except NMIJ who used a relative method based on measurements with a ³He detector in a graphite pile. VNIIM also made measurements using an associated particle technique. CMI, KRISS, LNE-LNHB, NIM, NPL and VNIIM also measured the anisotropy of the source although this did not formally form part of the comparison.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/ccri-iii-k9-cf-252-2016\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139509348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the relativistic redshift in frequency standards at KRISS","authors":"Jisun Lee, Jay Hyoun Kwon, Chang Yong Park, Huidong Kim, In-Mook Choi, Jin Wan Chung, Won-Kyu Lee","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad1ca9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad1ca9","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Relativistic redshift correction should be accurately considered in frequency comparisons between frequency standards. In this study, we evaluated the relativistic redshift at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) using three different methods, depending on whether the approach was traditional or modern or whether the geopotential model was global or local. The results of the three methods agreed well with one another, and the height of an Yb optical lattice clock (KRISS-Yb1) was determined to be 75.15 m with an uncertainty of 0.04 m with respect to the conventionally adopted equipotential surface W_0^CGPM, the value of which is defined to be 62 636 856.0 m2s-2. Accordingly, the relativistic redshift of KRISS-Yb1 was evaluated to be 8.193(4) × 10−15. These data are applicable to the frequency standards at KRISS, one of which regularly participates in the calibration of the International Atomic Time (TAI).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Interpolation Equation in the ITS-90 Subrange from the Triple Point of Water to the Freezing Point of Indium","authors":"Kang Lan, Lide Fang, Ying Wang, Zhiru Kang, Suli Sang","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad1bfb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad1bfb","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For all the subranges above 0.01 ℃, other than the interpolation between the triple point of water (TPW) to the melting point of gallium, temperatures on the ITS-90 are specified without the melting point of gallium. This study suggests a new interpolation equation in the subrange from the triple point of water to the freezing point of indium which is a polynomial of fractional third order with two coefficients to be determined by the measuring values of standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs)’ resistance ratios at the melting point of gallium (WGa) and at the freezing point of indium (WIn). A sample set of 30 SPRTs from various countries and laboratories is used to quantify the comparisons between this new interpolation and the ITS-90. Analyses show that the reproducibility is significantly improved compared with the ITS-90 in the same subrange. The peak value of overlapping subrange inconsistencies (SRI) from TPW to the melting point of gallium is reduced from 0.91 mK to 0.21 mK. Both the mean and standard deviation of the SRI peak values for the new equation decrease by approximately a factor of four compared to those of the ITS-90 (mean decreasing form 0.20 mK to 0.05 mK and standard deviation decreasing form 0.32 mK to 0.07 mK). Type 3 non-uniqueness (NU3) determinations of the same subrange have also been looked into with a data set of four SPRTs compared in thermostatic baths using a copper block and the results show that NU3 scales down from a range -0.15 mK to 0.25 mK of the ITS-90 to -0.10 mK to 0.15 mK of the new interpolation equation. Propagation of Uncertainties investigation shows that the new equation inflates merely 7% the measurement uncertainties of fixed points in a relatively short interval from 30 ℃ to 60 ℃.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"36 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139448041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Length measurement based on multi-wavelength interferometry using numerous stabilized frequency modes of an optical comb","authors":"Jungjae Park, Yoonhee Jang, Jonghan Jin","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad1af1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad1af1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The electro-optic comb (EO comb) with a relatively wide mode spacing of 25 GHz can be resolved into individual frequency modes with a commercially available high-resolution spectrometer. The EO comb has numerous discrete frequency modes, which can serve as a light source for a monochromatic laser interferometer to realize the meter. In this study, a method for measuring the absolute distances based on the multi-wavelength interferometer principle is proposed and demonstrated by simultaneously implementing 102 monochromatic laser interferometers using an EO comb. A phase shifting technique was used to determine the phase for each frequency mode by precisely translating a reference mirror with a constant interval. The phases of the interference signals for 102 stabilized individual frequency modes were measured by applying the model-based analysis on the phase-shifted interference signals. The absolute distance can be determined using phase values of a wavelength set corresponding to five to seven randomly selected frequency modes. In this study, the absolute distances for round-trip distances of 166 mm and 1316 mm were measured and the measurement uncertainty of each distance was evaluated. Through the uncertainty analysis of the distance measurement, the combined uncertainties of the measured distances in a short and long ranges were evaluated to be 30.1 nm and 211.1 nm, respectively. In addition, for each distance, the consistent measurement results of absolute distances were obtained through four different wavelength sets, which show the flexibility of wavelength selection in this work.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A strontium lattice clock with both stability and uncertainty below 5×10−18","authors":"Jie Li, Xing-Yang Cui, Zhi-Peng Jia, De-Quan Kong, Hai-Wei Yu, Xian-Qing Zhu, Xiao-Yong Liu, De-Zhong Wang, Xiang Zhang, Xin-Yun Huang, Ming-Yi Zhu, Yu-Meng Yang, Yi Hu, Xiang-Pei Liu, Xiaomin Zhai, Peng Liu, Xiao Jiang, Ping Xu, Han-Ning Dai, Yuao Chen, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad1a4c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad1a4c","url":null,"abstract":"We report the realization of the closed-loop operation of an optical lattice clock based on 87Sr atoms. A cavity-stabilized 698 nm laser is used to probe the 1S0→3P0 clock transition of strontium atoms trapped in optical lattices. Therein, we obtain a Fourier-limited Rabi spectrum with 0.6 Hz linewidth. The two transitions from mF=±9/2 ground states are alternatively interrogated to realize the closed-loop operation of the clock, and the clock laser light is frequency-stabilized to the center of the two transitions. Based on the interleaved measurement, the frequency instability of a single optical clock is optimized for the Dick effect, which is demonstrated to be 4.5×10−16/τ , with τ being the averaging time for measurement. Further, we build another similar setup of the strontium lattice clock, which is used for the asynchronous comparison between the two clocks, where the stability is measured as 2.1×10−18 at 47 000 s. Moreover, we carefully calibrate the systematic effects of the Sr1 optical clock, and the total uncertainty is evaluated as 4.4×10−18 .","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"48 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139451731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with NMC-A*STAR, July 2022","authors":"Joële Viallon, Faraz Idrees, Philippe Moussay, Robert Wielgosz, Fuuming Kai, Lemuel Joel Kuehsamy, Yuxi Cui, James E Norris, Joseph Hodges","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/08008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/08008","url":null,"abstract":"<title>Main text</title>As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Singapore maintained by the National Metrology Centre, A*STAR (NMC, A*STAR) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), via a transfer standard maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.To reach the main text of this paper, click on <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/documents/d/guest/bipm-qm-k1_a-star_2022\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Final Report</ext-link>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <ext-link xlink:href=\"https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/</ext-link>.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bayesian statistical method for large-scale MEMS-based sensors calibration: a case study on 100 digital accelerometers","authors":"Andrea Prato, Francesca Pennecchi, Gianfranco Genta, Alessandro Schiavi","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad1692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad1692","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost sensors and in particular micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) devices are widely used in many applications, including consumer electronics, healthcare, automotive, and industrial automation. Their large-scale production (typically in the order of millions per week in a single factory) would require the calibration of a huge number of devices that would be costly and time-consuming. A solution can be found in the use of statistical methods in order to (at least partially) substitute for the typical calibration procedures. In this work, we propose a Bayesian method to statistically calibrate large batches of sensors using probabilistic models and prior knowledge. The method involves experimentally calibrating only a small sample of sensors, then infer the number of reliable sensors in the entire batch and assign an appropriate uncertainty to all the sensors. Therefore, it can be considered as a statistical calibration of the batch. The Bayesian nature of this approach allows reducing the number of experimental calibrations by incorporating the prior knowledge coming from the previous calibration of a ‘benchmark’ batch, which is performed ‘once and for all’ and is representative of the whole production process. The application and validation of the method are performed through the calibration of 100 digital MEMS accelerometers. Validation results showed an acceptable agreement between experimental-based bootstrap and theoretical values, with relative differences within ±7%.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139095855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the distinction between SI base units and SI derived units","authors":"Richard J. C. Brown","doi":"10.1088/1681-7575/ad141b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad141b","url":null,"abstract":"This letter discusses the criteria that should be considered when deciding whether or not the distinction between base units and derived units in the International System of Units (SI) is useful, a debate that has been reignited following the 2019 revision of the SI. It is proposed that the correct question to ask is whether the concept of independent quantities, and the dimensional analysis it allows, remains useful—since that is the ultimate origin of the distinction between SI base units and SI derived units. Furthermore, the letter explains that this distinction is not related to whether the defining constants used in the revised SI after 2019 are any more fundamental than they were previously, nor whether the links between defining constants and SI base units are any less direct than they were prior to 2019. Finally, an opinion is offered that the concept of quantity dimensions and dimensional analysis remains useful, and certainly does no harm.","PeriodicalId":18444,"journal":{"name":"Metrologia","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}